Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
  • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
  • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
  • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
  • B63B1/107—Semi-submersibles; Small waterline area multiple hull vessels and the like, e.g. SWATH
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
  • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
  • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
  • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
  • B63B39/06—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by using foils acting on ambient water
  • B63B2039/067—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by using foils acting on ambient water effecting motion dampening by means of fixed or movable resistance bodies, e.g. by bilge keels
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an offshore floating wind turbine device comprising a wind turbine mounted on a semi-submersible float, more particularly such a device with a particular float.
• Floating structures for example of the semi-submersible type, barge, offshore oil production and storage vessel, SPAR
• SPAR offshore oil production and storage vessel
• a floating offshore wind turbine device comprising a semi-submersible type float and at least one wind turbine comprising blades, a rotor, a nacelle and a mast, the mast being assembled. to said float.
• the float comprises at least three columns, each column comprising a non-immersed portion and a submerged portion, and connecting elements for rigidly connecting the columns to each other.
• a horizontal plate In order to stabilize the float, a horizontal plate, called anti-heave plate, is attached to the base of each column.
• the function of this plate is to increase the added mass of the system as well as to reinforce the damping phenomena.
• the plates In order to withstand the extreme and fatigue loads induced by the waves, the plates must be supported by an additional reinforcing structure, including radial stiffeners, spacers between the stiffeners and the column, several cross members between two adjacent stiffeners and several side members between the sleepers.
• the anti-heave plates are formed by thin steel panels, these thin panels being mounted on the underside of the reinforcing structure.
• the object of the present invention is to propose a new float design to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, and in particular to minimize the movements, speeds and accelerations at the nacelle and the rotor, and that is especially simple design .
• the present invention proposes an offshore floating wind turbine device comprising a semi-submersible type float and at least one wind turbine comprising blades, a rotor, preferably having a horizontal axis of rotation, a nacelle and a mast, the mast being assembled to said float.
• Said float comprises at least three columns, said outer, for example substantially vertical, having a longitudinal axis, each column comprising a non-immersed portion and a submerged portion, and connecting elements for rigidly connecting the columns to each other.
• Said float is characterized in that the submerged portion of at least one of the columns comprises at least one stabilization portion of larger cross section than the cross section of the remainder of the immersed portion, which defines an upper surface and a lower surface connected to one another by a peripheral surface, thus forming a substantial displacement volume.
• the upper surface and the lower surface are vertically distant from each other, these remote surfaces imparting specific hydromechanical properties that provide an effective stabilizing effect to the float.
• the stepped column according to the invention equipped with a stabilizing portion with distant upper and lower surfaces, provides hydromechanical properties different from the float, with a cooling effect. higher stabilization.
• At least one of the columns preferably all the outer columns of the float, have such stepped geometry to form at least one immersed stabilization portion which is fully integrated with the column structure.
• This column equipped with stabilizing portion can be manufactured easily.
• the stabilizing portion can be sized to provide a high stabilizing effect while ensuring stabilizing portion good resistance to hydrodynamic loads.
• the stabilization portion fully integrated in the column constitutes a volume that can be used as a ballast tank or can constitute an effective ballast.
• the float according to the invention can be easily adapted to different locations and different wind turbines.
• the stabilizing portion may be coaxial or non-coaxial with the rest of the column.
• the connecting elements comprise at least one submerged lower beam or pontoon rigidly connecting two stabilizing portions to one another.
• Each pontoon has an upper surface and a lower surface, preferably spaced from each other and preferably connected to each other by side surfaces, to constitute a volume for the displacement of water, and to provide thus a stabilizing effect.
• the pontoons may also constitute a volume that can be used as a ballast tank or can constitute an effective ballast.
• the float according to the invention provided with these stepped columns, in combination in particular with such pontoons, makes it possible to propose a hydromechanical system with movement characteristics that are specifically adapted to the function, the loads and the reliability of the wind turbine. .
• the float according to the invention makes it possible to minimize the static inclination of the wind turbine resulting from the thrust forces due to the wind, as well as the dynamic inclination of the wind turbine.
• the float according to the invention makes it possible to minimize the movements, speeds and accelerations of the nacelle and the rotor.
• One consequence is the reduction of the dynamic impact induced by the relative speed of movement of the rotor plane in the wind field.
• the amplitude of the speed variations at the end of the blade is also reduced and the risk of seeing resonance phenomena and / or unstable dynamic behavior is thus limited.
• the float according to the invention thus makes it possible to improve the quality of the electrical production of the wind turbine and its efficiency.
• each column is in the form of a hollow body comprising a peripheral wall, the stabilization portion being weighted and / or constitutes a ballast tank.
• each immersed pontoon preferably arranged substantially horizontally, has a substantially rectangular cross-section with an upper surface and a lower surface connected to one another by two lateral surfaces, the horizontal dimension, also called width the pontoon, being preference greater than or equal to the vertical dimension, also called pontoon height.
• each submerged portion of each column comprises a stabilizing portion.
• the float comprises several submerged pontoons, each submerged pontoon connecting two adjacent columns.
• the submerged portion comprises an upper portion extending downwardly from the non-immersed portion, the stabilizing portion extending downwardly from said upper portion, and preferably constitutes the end portion. of the column.
• the ratio (cross section of the stabilization portion in m / cross section of the upper portion in m) is between 1.00 and 5.00, preferably between 2.50 and 3.50, even better between 2.90 and 3.20, and / or the ratio (height of the upper portion / height of the stabilizing portion) is between 2.00 and 10.00, preferably between 4.00 and 6, 50, even better between 5.00 and 5.50.
• the height of the upper portion and the height of the stabilizing portion correspond to the lengths of said portions along the longitudinal axis of the column.
• the cross section of the upper portion and the cross section of the non-immersed portion are substantially constant and are substantially equal.
• the cross section of the stabilizing portion may be substantially constant or may be variable.
• the column and in particular its stabilizing portion, may be of cylindrical shape, with a circular cross section.
• the cross section of the column and the stabilizing portion of the column may be of any other shape.
• the columns are substantially vertical. According to alternative embodiments, the columns are inclined, for example at an angle of 5 ° to 25 ° relative to the vertical, preferably inclined outwards.
• the distance between the upper surface and the lower surface of the pontoon, which corresponds to the height pontoon is at least 1 meter (m), preferably at least 2 m, more preferably at least 3 m.
• the ratio (pontoon height / height of the stabilization portion) is between 0.5 and 4.0, preferably between 0.8 and 2.5, better still between 1.0 and 2. , 0.
• the ratio (cross section of the upper portion of the column / cross section of the pontoon) is between 0.5 and 4.0, preferably between 0.8 and 3.0, better still between 1 and , 2 and 2.0.
• the submerged pontoon is in the form of a hollow body comprising a peripheral wall, the submerged pontoon being ballasted and / or constitutes a ballast tank.
• the upper surface and the lower surface of the stabilizing portion are substantially horizontal and / or the peripheral surface of the stabilizing portion is substantially vertical.
• the pontoons and / or the stabilizing portion are made of concrete or filled with concrete.
• the height of the stabilization portion which corresponds to the distance between the upper surface and the lower surface of the stabilizing portion, is at least 1 meter (m), preferably at least 2 m, even better by at least 3 m.
• the ratio (radial distance between the point of intersection of the axis of each column with the waterline and the central vertical axis of the device / height of the immersed part) is between 1.00 and 4.00, preferably between 1.25 and 2.00, more preferably between 1.50 and 1.80.
• the float according to the invention is particularly suitable for a wind turbine disposed substantially axially on the float, and supported by the outer columns of the float, without a central column to support a wind turbine.
• the connecting elements comprise upper beams, preferably horizontal, each beam being connected by a first end to a column, preferably at the upper end of the column, and extends radially towards the interior, the beams being connected by their second ends to the vertical central axis of the float, preferably to a piece of central junction, this junction piece being preferably equipped with a vertical intermediate piece, extending vertically upwards from said connecting piece, for the support of the mast of the wind turbine.
• the beams are connected to a central column penetrating into the water, said central column carrying the mast of the wind turbine.
• the connecting elements comprise diagonal primary struts which are connected to the immersed part of the columns, above the stabilizing portion, and to the intermediate piece, the primary struts being preferably guided through the beams and structurally connected to said beams.
• the connecting elements comprise diagonal secondary struts which are connected to the submerged pontoons and to the primary struts, the secondary struts being preferably connected to the pontoons, substantially in the middle of the length of the pontoons and substantially in the middle of the length of the primary spacers.
• the primary spacers are connected to the intermediate piece, at a point disposed between half and three quarters of the height of the intermediate piece, preferably about two-thirds of the height of the intermediate piece.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wind turbine device according to the invention comprising a wind turbine mounted on a semi-submersible float;
• FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a column of the float of FIG. 1;
• the device comprises a wind turbine 1 and a hull or float 2 of semi-submersible type.
• the wind turbine 1 comprises, in known manner, blades 11, a hub or rotor 12, a nacelle 13 and a mast 14.
• the float 2 comprises at least three external columns 3 arranged around the central vertical axis A of the float, and interconnected by connecting elements 6.
• Each column 3 has a non-submerged section or portion 4, which is disposed at above the waterline 9 (fig.2) of the float in condition of use of the device, and a submerged section or part 5.
• the float 2 comprises three external vertical columns 3, each with a vertical longitudinal axis B substantially parallel to the axis A.
• the columns are arranged at regular angular spaces around the axis A.
• the part non-submerged 4 and the submerged portion 5 are of cylindrical shape, with circular cross sections, substantially constant.
• the columns may be of any other form suitable for the construction of the float, for example of dodecagonal shape.
• the submerged portion 5 comprises a lower portion, called a stabilizing portion 52, with a diameter that is increased relative to the remainder of the immersed portion.
• the submerged portion 5 comprises an upper portion 51 extending downwardly from the non-submerged portion 4, the stabilizing portion 52 extending downwardly from the upper portion 51 and constitutes the lower end portion of the column. .
• the cross sections of the non-submerged portion 4 and the upper portion 51 are identical and substantially constant.
• the cross section of the stabilizing portion is substantially constant.
• the upper portion and the stabilizing portion are arranged substantially coaxially, the stabilizing portion 52 defines an annular upper horizontal surface 52a, a disc-shaped horizontal bottom surface 52b, and a cylindrical vertical peripheral surface 52c.
• the upper surface and the lower surface are solid surfaces, that is to say substantially without opening.
• Each column consists of a hollow body, comprising a cylindrical peripheral wall 31, closed at its ends by an upper wall 32 and a bottom wall 33.
• the bottom wall 33 forms the bottom surface 52b of the stabilizing portion.
• the upper wall 32 forms a bridge at the top of the column.
• the connecting elements 6 comprise fully immersed horizontal beams or pontoons 61, upper beams 62, also called bridges or bridges, a central junction piece 63, primary struts 64 and secondary struts 65.
• each pontoon is rigidly connected at its ends between two stabilizing portions, the height of the pontoons being substantially equal to the height of the stabilizing portions.
• the cross sections of the beams are of rectangular shape.
• the cross sections of the beams may be of any other form suitable for the construction of the float, for example of circular shape.
• the three beams 62 are connected at the axis A to the junction piece 63.
• a vertical intermediate piece 66 for the support of the mast 14 of the wind turbine is assembled to the junction piece 63.
• the intermediate piece 66 is circular section.
• a flange assembly or a solder joint is used for the connection of the mast 14 to the intermediate piece 66.
• the diameter of the intermediate piece is substantially equal to the diameter of the mast to ensure continuity of structure and reduce stress concentrations.
• the columns 3, the pontoons 61, the beams 62 and the intermediate piece 66 are interconnected with a trellis structure composed of diagonally arranged primary struts 64 and diagonal spacers 65 .
• the primary struts 64 are connected to the immersed part, more precisely to the lower part of the upper portion 51, above the stabilizing portion 52, and to the intermediate piece 66.
• the primary struts 64 are guided to through the beams 62 and structurally connected thereto.
• the primary spacers are connected to the intermediate piece, approximately two-thirds of the height of the intermediate piece.
• the secondary struts 65 are connected to the submerged pontoons 61 and the primary struts.
• the secondary struts are connected about the middle of the length of the pontoons, and about the middle of the length of the primary struts.
• the primary struts and the secondary struts are tubular in shape, with circular or rectangular cross sections.
• the primary struts and the secondary struts may also be formed of I, H or T cross-section beams. Strakes or similar elements may be arranged along the primary struts and / or the secondary struts. to control the generation of vortices.
• the intermediate piece and the primary spacers steel plates are wound and welded to form tubular portions. These portions are connected by circumferential welds and preferably reinforced by partitions, annular stiffeners and longitudinal stiffeners.
• the pontoons, the beams and the connecting piece are made of steel panels, preferably reinforced by partitions, transverse stiffeners and longitudinal stiffeners.
• the secondary spacers are formed from certified tubes for offshore application. For all welding processes, welding machines or automated welding robots are used to enable mass production at a high quality level, in a reduced time and at reduced costs.
• Columns 3 form ballasts.
• the interior volume of the columns is compartmentalized.
• the upper portion 51 and the stabilizing portion 52 form two separate ballast compartments.
• Each pontoon also constitutes a separate ballast tank.
• the device includes pipeline systems for loading and unloading of ballast water, and control and monitoring systems for controlling pipeline systems.
• Each column may also be equipped with at least one anti-heave plate 7, an anti-heave plate being for example attached to the upper portion 51 of each column.
• This float design for an offshore wind turbine as herein provided provides a solid and efficient structure for both extreme loadings (ULS) and fatigue loadings (FLS).
• the float resistance and rigidity are the result of the tetrahedral geometry of the structure and substructures formed by columns, pontoons, beams, junction piece, intermediate piece, primary spacers and the secondary spacers.
• the static load of the components of the wind turbine (blades 11, rotor 12, nacelle 13 and mast 14) is carried by the primary spacers on the three columns.
• the tensile strength and fatigue resistance, as well as the rigidity of the float structure, can be adapted and optimized:
• the float design is defined so that there is always, taking into account the movements and static inclinations of the floating wind turbine, a minimum air draft between the highest expected wave peaks, and the beams and decks. at the top of each column.
• the height of the nacelle of the wind turbine above the water level is defined so that, for a selected diameter of the rotor, there is always - taking into account the static movements and inclinations of the floating wind turbine - a minimum blade clearance between the peaks of the highest expected waves and the ends of the rotor blades.
• a catenary anchoring system is for example designed for a range of depths between 50 and 300 m.
• This anchoring system consists of at least three anchor lines 8, at least one anchor line being attached to each column.
• the anchor lines include chains, flexible cables, weights arranged discretely along the anchor line, and anchors.
• the catenary anchoring system shall prevent the floating wind turbine from deviating from its nominal position by counteracting the combined action of the average forces induced by the wind turbine, constant forces induced by the wind acting on the mast and the float, constant forces induced by the current acting on the float and average drifting forces due to the swell.
• the anchoring system must allow, without constraining, the first-order movements induced by the swell and the wind turbine, even under extreme conditions.
• the float has a symmetrical shape, with the intermediate part for the mast centered along the vertical central axis and the three columns arranged at an angle of 120 ° from each other. Therefore, the arrangement of the anchoring system is also of symmetrical shape, the deployment angle of each anchor line is about 120 °.
• the risk of exciting the low frequency motions of the system is limited.
• different values of the deployment angle may be chosen depending on the conditions specific to the selected location.
• the particular modular structure of the float according to the invention makes it possible to adapt the design of the float to different conditions while keeping a large number of identical structural elements and changing only a limited number of structural elements.
• the main parameter for adapting the float design to environmental conditions (sea state, current, wind) and rotor thrust characteristics is the radial distance of the vertical columns from the central vertical axis.
• the dimensions of the non-submerged portion and the immersed portion (upper portion and stabilizing portion) of the vertical columns and the dimensions of the connecting piece and the intermediate piece remain identical.
• the dimensions of the transverse sections of the submerged pontoons, the beams, the primary and secondary spacers remain identical, but the lengths of these elements are adapted to the radial position of the vertical columns.
• Two additional parameters for the design adaptation are the diameters and heights of the non-immersed part and the submerged part (upper portion and stabilization portion) of the vertical columns.
• Report A (radial distance between the point of intersection of the axis of each column with the waterline and the vertical central axis of the device) / (height of the immersed part of the columns)
• each column 103 of the float has a vertical longitudinal axis B and has a non-immersed portion 104 and a submerged portion 105.
• Each column consists of a hollow body, comprising a peripheral wall 131, closed at its ends by an upper wall 132 and a bottom wall 133.
• the submerged portion comprises an upper portion 151 extending downwardly from the non-submerged portion 104, a stabilizing portion 152 extending downwardly.
• the stabilizing portions of the columns are connected in pairs by pontoons.
• the cross section of the non-submerged portion 104, the upper portion 151 and the lower portion 153 are substantially identical and substantially constant.
• the cross section of the stabilizing portion is substantially constant and larger than that of the other portions 151, 153.
• the non-submerged portion 104, the upper portion 151 and the lower portion 153 are disposed coaxially.
• the stabilizing portion is not coaxial with the other portions, its vertical axis being shifted laterally, for example shifted radially outwardly relative to the central axis of the float.
• the stabilizing portion defines an annular horizontal upper surface 152a, an annular horizontal lower surface 152b, and a vertical peripheral surface 152c.
• each column 203 of the float has a vertical longitudinal axis B and has a non-submerged portion 204 and a submerged portion 205.
• Each column consists of a hollow body, comprising a peripheral wall 231, closed at its ends by an upper wall 232 and a bottom wall 233.
• the submerged portion comprises an upper portion 251 extending downwardly from the non-submerged portion 204, a stabilizing portion 252 extending downwardly. from the upper portion and a lower portion 253 which extends downwardly from the stabilizing portion and which is closed by the bottom wall 233.
• the stabilizing portions of the columns are connected in pairs by pontoons.
• the cross section of the non-submerged portion 204, the upper portion 251 and the lower portion 253 are identical and substantially constant.
• the cross-section of the stabilization portion is greater than that of the other portions 251, 253.
• the non-immersed portion and the three portions 251, 252, 253 are arranged coaxially, the cross-section of the stabilization portion is non-constant, so that defining an annular upper horizontal surface 252a, a vertical peripheral surface 252c and a frustoconical lower surface 252b, with a cross-section which decreases substantially continuously, from top to bottom.
• each column 303 of the float has a vertical longitudinal axis B and has a non-submerged portion 304 and a submerged portion 305.
• Each column consists of a hollow body, comprising a peripheral wall 331 closed at its ends by an upper wall 332 and a lower wall 333.
• the submerged portion comprises an upper portion 351 extending downwardly from the non-submerged portion 304 and a stabilizing portion 352 extending downwardly from the upper portion and constituting the lower end portion of the column.
• the stabilization portions of the columns are connected in pairs by pontoons.
• the cross section of the non-submerged portion 304 and the upper portion 351 are identical and substantially constant.
• the cross section of the stabilizing portion is greater than that of the other portion 351.
• the portions 351, 352 are coaxial, the cross section of the stabilizing portion is not constant, to define a frustoconical annular upper surface 352a , with a cross-section which increases substantially continuously from top to bottom, a vertical peripheral surface 352c and a horizontal disc-shaped lower surface 352b formed by the bottom wall.
• each column 403 of the float has an inclined longitudinal axis B ', which is inclined preferably outwardly with respect to the central axis of the float, for example at an angle of 5 ° at 25 ° to the vertical.
• the column has a non-submerged portion 404 and a submerged portion 405.
• Each column consists of a hollow body, comprising a peripheral wall 431, closed at its ends by an upper wall 432 and a lower wall 433.
• the submerged portion comprises an upper portion 451 extending downwardly from the non-submerged portion 404, a stabilizing portion 452 extending downwardly from the upper portion, and a lower portion 453 extending downwardly from the stabilizing portion and closed by the bottom wall 433.
• the stabilizing portions of the columns are connected two to one another. two by pontoons 461.
• the non-submerged portion 404, the upper portion 451 and the lower portion 453 are coaxial, and their cross sections are identical and substantially constant.
• the cross-section of the stabilizing portion is substantially constant, is greater than that of the other portions 451, 453, and is not arranged coaxially, so as to define an annular upper annular surface 452a, a horizontal annular lower surface 452b, and a vertical peripheral surface 452c.
• each column may comprise a plurality of stabilization portions spaced from one another along the submerged portion, and / or may comprise stepped stabilizing portions, with a non-continuous top surface and / or a surface lower non-continuous, said non-continuous surfaces comprising at least two portions which are offset vertically and interconnected by a peripheral surface.
• the stabilization portions and / or the immersed pontoons are provided with holes or vertical wells passing through, the vertical wells of a stabilizing portion opening on its upper and lower surfaces, and the vertical holes of a pontoon opening on its upper and lower surfaces.
• These vertical holes may have different cross sections, for example rectangular cross sections.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Wind Motors (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-11-22 FR FR1059603A patent/FR2967642B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-11-22 WO PCT/EP2011/070722 patent/WO2012069498A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2011-11-22 EP EP11784725.1A patent/EP2643209A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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