EP2641287A1

EP2641287A1 - Electrical component having a device for isolating an electrical line connection

Info

Publication number: EP2641287A1
Application number: EP11785335.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Tim Schaefer
Original assignee: Li Tec Battery GmbH
Current assignee: Li Tec Battery GmbH
Priority date: 2010-11-17
Filing date: 2011-11-08
Publication date: 2013-09-25
Also published as: JP2014502406A; KR20140004649A; WO2012065694A1; CN103270623A; WO2012065694A8; US20130302654A1; DE102010051669A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical component having a device for isolating an electrical line connection, wherein said electrical component comprises a reactive multi-layer structure in order to effect isolation of the electrical line connection. The electrical component can be a galvanic cell, and the device for isolating can be disposed outside or inside the cell. The electrical component can also be a cell connector. A quick and reliable isolation of galvanic cells from a combination of several galvanic cells or a quick and reliable dismantling of large cells into segments can be achieved.

Description

ELECTRICAL COMPONENT WITH A DEVICE FOR DISCONNECTING AN ELECTRICAL

LINE CONNECTION

The present invention relates to an electrical component, in particular a galvanic cell or a cell connector for galvanic cells, with a

Device for disconnecting an electrical line connection.

Galvanic cells such as batteries (primary storage) and accumulators

(Secondary storage) for storing electrical energy, which are composed of one or more memory cells, in which when creating a

Charging current electrical energy in an electrochemical charging reaction

is converted into a chemical energy between a cathode and an anode in or between an electrolyte and thus stored and in which upon application of an electrical load chemical energy in a

electrochemical discharge reaction is converted into electrical energy are known. In recent years, primary and secondary storage on the basis of lithium compounds gain in importance. For example, lithium-ion batteries are today proposed and used for a variety of applications, including as traction batteries for motor vehicles. To this

Purpose, single cells are summarized in blocks and

interconnected to the respectively required voltages and

To provide capacity. Often battery systems become high

Voltages of a few hundred volts are required. Under certain circumstances, such as an accident, a critical state of charge or a critical one Operational state, it may be desirable to separate individual cells or groups of cells from the battery system.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an electrical component having means for disconnecting an electrical lead connection, thereby enabling it to be used e.g. it is possible to reliably interrupt the flow of current and / or into a galvanic cell.

The object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous developments of the invention form the subject of

Dependent claims.

In one aspect, the present invention relates to an electrical component comprising means for disconnecting an electrical component

Line connection, characterized in that the device comprises a composite of at least two different materials.

The term "composite" includes two or more interconnected

Materials. The term "materials" includes both elements of

Periodic table as well as compounds derived therefrom, such as inorganic or organic compounds.

Preferably, the at least two different materials are selected so that they can be reacted with each other, thereby effecting separation of the electrical wiring.

In one embodiment, the composite is on a portion of

Wiring arranged and the materials are selected so that in their reaction thermal energy is released, which causes a melting of the line connection over its entire cross section or a partial cross section. In one embodiment, the thermal energy released during the reaction causes the conduction connection to melt over a portion of the cross-section, with the remaining cross-section of the conduction connection melting as the normal working current flows through the conductor portion.

Composites of at least two different materials, which can be reacted with each other to release thermal energy, that is, to be reacted in an exothermic reaction, are already known.

From the "Fraunhofer IWS Annual Report 2008", p. 76, it is known, as a composite, so-called "nanometer reactive multilayers" as energy storage

used, which are used for joining heat-sensitive components. Such "nanometer reactive multilayers" ("RMS") may consist of several hundred to several thousand individual layers of 10 - 100 nm thickness each of at least two different materials, in whose chemical compound energy is released (exothermic reaction) stored a defined amount of chemical energy that can be used as a local heat source After ignition by an external energy source, such as an electric spark or a laser pulse, an atomic interdiffusion of the multilayer materials with the release of energy is stimulated a progressive one

Reaction front, from which a large amount of heat is released in a spatially limited area in a very short time. For example, in so-called exothermic solder foils, rapidly reacting multilayer films become local

Heat source used to make solder joints; while heat and voltage input can be minimized in adjacent components. The RMS are with total thicknesses up to 100 μητι example by

produced by physical vapor deposition such as magnetron and ion beam sputter deposition and can be coated directly on corresponding components or produced as freestanding films. With

For example, material combinations such as Ni / Al or Ti / Al become local achievable temperatures of up to 2000 ° C as well

Propagation speeds of 2 - 20 m / s called.

In one embodiment, under a "reactive multilayer" or

For the purposes of the invention, "reactive multilayer structure" means any composite in which there are at least two different materials in the form of layers which can be reacted with one another. This means that a "reactive multilayer" or "reactive multilayer structure" is composed of reactive multilayer or reactive multilayer. For the purposes of the invention, a "reactive multilayer" is understood as meaning a layer composed of a plurality of individual layers whose thickness is preferably in the nanometer range, wherein the multilayer materials upon the occurrence of a well-defined state, such as a certain temperature, or upon supply of a signal, such as a voltage pulse, The initiation of the reaction is also referred to as "igniting" the multilayer, Preferably, the reaction continues without further action until the multilayer materials In particular, the structure may be a coating, an independent, possibly self-adhesive

Be film structure or the like.

According to a preferred embodiment, a composite of at least two different materials, e.g. a reactive multi-layer structure, arranged on a conductor section, wherein a thermal energy released upon reaction of the reactive multilayer, a melting of the

Conducted conductor section over its entire cross section or a partial cross section. The reactive multi-layer structure can be described here e.g. be an exothermic solder foil, as known from the prior art, it according to the

Ignition leads to the formation of a progressive reaction front, from which in a very short time a high amount of heat in a spatially limited area is released. Thus, a separation in the way of a

Fuse be realized, with a conductor portion melts away and a line disconnection occurs across a gap in the line connection. The reaction can also be very fast and localized without adversely affecting adjacent device structures. If the trigger for the ignition of the reactive multilayer structure is on

Overtemperature condition is carried out by the exothermic reaction one

Reinforcing this over-temperature condition and leads to a reliable and accelerated melting of the relevant conductor section. The reaction also preserves itself and therefore also allows a reliable electrical separation.

When the thermal energy released upon reaction of the reactive multilayer is sized to melt the conductor portion over a portion of the cross section, the conductor portion over a portion of the cross section, the remaining cross section of the conductor portion flowing in a

Normal working current through the conductor section melts, the thermal energy generated and thus a thermal impairment of adjacent components can be minimized. As a normal working current is understood in the context of the invention, a current of a current that under normal working conditions of the electrical component in the

Line connection prevails.

Preferred usable at least two different materials in combination are combinations of elemental metals which react to form alloys or metallic glasses; Elements or

Compounds which form silicides with silicon or silicon compounds, in particular binary metallic compounds of silicon; Elements or compounds which form aluminides with aluminum or aluminum compounds, in particular binary compounds of aluminum, preferably magnesium aluminide, nickel aluminide, titanium aluminide; Elements or

Compounds which form borides with boron or boron compounds, preferably magnesium boride; Elements or compounds that form carbides with carbon or carbon compounds; Thermite, preferably Thermite based on iron oxide as the one material of the at least two different materials, and aluminum as the other material of the at least two different materials. According to an alternative embodiment, the composite, for example in the form of a reactive multilayer structure, is arranged between two conductor sections and electrically conductive in an unreacted state, wherein the reaction product of the reactive multilayer structure is not electrically conductive. Thus, a line isolation such as a solid-state isolator can be realized. The ends of the cable connection remain fixed in space.

In this embodiment, the composite is in a portion of

Conduit attached and is itself electrically conductive, wherein the at least two different materials are selected so that their reaction with each other as an reaction product, an electrical insulator is formed.

In one embodiment, it is conceivable to select as the one material of the at least two different materials an electrically conductive material such as graphite or graphene. It is further conceivable to select as the material of the other at least two different materials an electrically non-conductive oxygen donor, so that upon reaction of the graphite or graphene with the oxygen donor electrically non-conductive oxides of graphite or graphene arise.

In one embodiment, the component is also characterized in that the at least two materials are present in the composite in the form of alternating layers.

Preferably, the layers independently have one another

Diameter from 1 to 100 nm. Preferably, between 50 and 10,000 layers are present in the composite.

The preparation of the composite, also in the form of a reactive multilayer structure, can be carried out by known processes, for example, as already known from the "Fraunhofer IWS Annual Report 2008" above. Preferably, alternating layers of the at least two different materials are applied to a substrate by processes such as rolling, chemical or physical vapor deposition, vacuum deposition, and / or sputter coating.

According to preferred embodiments, the at least two

different materials in the composite, for example in the

Reactive multi-layer structure designed to react, preferably to ignite, if a given reaction condition, preferably a

Ignition condition is satisfied, wherein the reaction condition or ignition condition is preferably given by at least one of the states

- Exceeding a predetermined threshold for a current flowing through the conductor section current;

- Exceeding a predetermined threshold for a voltage applied via the conductor section voltage;

- A crossing of a predetermined threshold for in the

Reactive multi-layer structure or ruling the conductor section

Temperature;

- Exceeding a predetermined threshold for a voltage applied to the reactive multi-layer structure electrical potential;

- Force due to a shock or impact. Preferably, the reaction or ignition is triggered by supplying a current, voltage, temperature, light, sound, UV, laser signal or pulse or other suitable signal.

Depending on the requirement, the reaction of the at least two can thus be

different materials in the composite, for example, the ignition of the reactive multilayer structure, either by appropriate determination of

Design parameters are automatically ensured or specifically provoked by control. For example, in the case of a galvanic cell, the

Reactive multi-layer structure are designed so that both an overheating of the cell as well as a targeted ignition pulse of a battery management system or a cell logic triggers a reaction of the reactive multilayer structure. According to a preferred embodiment, the component is a cell connector for electrical connection between galvanic cells, which has a device for contacting with pole terminals of galvanic cells. Within the meaning of the invention, a galvanic cell can be understood to mean any device which is also designed and set up to emit electrical energy. It may, in particular, but not only, be one

electrochemical storage cell of primary or secondary type (battery or accumulator cell), a fuel cell or a capacitor cell act. In the sense of the invention, a pole connection is understood to mean a region which also enables an exchange of electrical energy from outside the cell with the active part. Such pole terminals may be, in particular, but not limited to, plate, pin, pinch or button-shaped conductor regions connected to the interior of the galvanic cell. In particular, plate-shaped pole terminals which are led through a cell housing are also referred to as current conductors. Under a

Cell connector is understood in the context of the invention, a component which connects a pole terminal of a galvanic cell with a pole terminal of another cell. As a means for contacting is in the sense of Invention understood each component, which allows a reliable electrical connection with a Polanschluss. Such devices may be, for example, but not limited to, sections having the form of plugs, clips, sleeves, lugs or the like, or having shape features which, together with screws, rivets or other fasteners, allow attachment to the pole terminal, depending on the design of the pole terminal , If a cell connector one

Having a reactive multilayer structure as means for disconnecting an electrical line connection, an effective external protection circuit can be realized which reliably separates one cell or group of cells from another cell or group of cells. A change to the cell design is not required.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the component is a galvanic cell, wherein the means for separating is associated with one or more sections for conducting electrical current from and / or to an active part of the galvanic cell. An active part is understood to be that part of the cell within which as well

electrochemical charging, discharging and possibly conversion processes of electrical energy take place. The active part preferably comprises film layers of electrochemically active materials (electrodes), conductive materials

(Current collector or collectors) and separating materials (separators) have. For the purposes of the invention, a film is understood to mean a thin semifinished product which is produced from a metal and / or a plastic (for example polyimide or the like). In this case, the film can serve as a carrier (substrate) for a material having desired electrical and / or chemical properties or be made of the material with the properties mentioned itself. Electrochemically active materials broadly refer to materials that also participate in an electrochemical reaction in the active part. Under collector materials are understood in the broadest sense materials which are also suitable for collecting and conducting electrical charges and with respective electrode areas are connected. A collector foil may be, for example, but not limited to, a conductor foil, in particular metal foil, or a plastic foil coated with a conductor material, in particular metal. Under

Separator materials are broadly understood to mean materials that exist between an anode region (negatively charged region) and a

Cathode area (positively charged area) of a galvanic cell, can be arranged to separate them. A separator material is for

Charge carrier (electrons) largely impermeable (electrically insulating), for ions, however, at least partially permeable. The separator material preferably contains an organic, in particular polymeric, at least partially permeable base material such as PET, preferably in the form of a nonwoven web, and an inorganic, in particular ceramic material such as zirconium oxide, preferably in particles whose largest

Diameter preferably does not exceed 100 nm. Such

Material combination corresponds to that of a film material sold under the trade name Separion. The inorganic material may also be another suitable ceramic in preferred modifications

Be compound, in particular from the group of oxides, phosphates, sulfates, titanates, silicates, aluminosilicates at least one of the elements Zr, Al, Li.

Generally, the separator material may be any electrolyte conducting electrolyte. When the means for separating is associated with one or more portions for conducting electrical current from and / or to an active part of the galvanic cell, an effective external protection circuit can be realized which reliably removes one cell or group of cells from another cell or cell separating another group of cells. The

Protection circuitry may be inseparably connected to the cell as part of the cell design, thus increasing the degree of integration.

The device for separating preferably has one

A reactive multilayer structure formed on a connecting portion between a collector portion of an active part of the cell and a pole portion of the cell or between contacting portions for contacting with a cell Collector section of an active part of the cell on the one hand and with a

Pole portion of the cell on the other hand is disposed within a cell housing. For the purposes of the invention, a collector section is understood to mean a section of a collector region which is preferably led out of the active part for contacting. The collector region may be a collector foil as described above. Within the meaning of the invention, a housing (cell housing) is also understood as meaning a gas-tight, vapor-tight and liquid-tight envelope which accommodates at least the active part and surrounds it on all sides. An enclosure may particularly, but not exclusively, be a film structure (coffeebag or pouch cell or the like) or a frame structure (frame flat cell or the like) or a box structure

(Flat contact cell or the like). For the purposes of the invention, a pole section is understood to be a section of a conductor structure arranged within the cell, which also enables an exchange of electrical energy from outside the cell with the active part. In particular, a pole section may comprise a section of a conductor led through the cell housing or part of a cell housing, in particular an inner side of a (a pole section), which is located inside the cell.

Be cell enclosure.

As an equally preferred alternative or additional option, the means for separating comprises a reactive multilayer structure disposed on at least one current conductor inside or outside a cell enclosure. As an equally preferred alternative or additional option, the

A device for separating alternatively a reactive multilayer structure, which is arranged on at least one Ableitfahne a collector foil within a cell housing. Preferably, a device, in particular an electrical line, for supplying an ignition pulse from the outside to the device for separating or to the reactive multilayer structure is provided. The electrical line can also be part of a ladder section on which the

Reactive multilayer structure is arranged. With such a device for supplying an ignition pulse from the outside is a targeted ignition of the

Reactive multi-layer structure possible from outside.

As an alternative or as an additional option, a device, in particular a preferably externally controllable switching device, is provided for short-circuiting the cell or a part of the cell and for conducting a short-circuit current to the device for disconnecting. One

Short-circuit current is generally higher than a normal working current on which the galvanic cell is designed. A short circuit also often causes a destruction of a galvanic cell. However, when the short-circuit current is passed to the means for disconnecting, this current is suitable for igniting the reactive multi-layer structure, whereupon both the short circuit and the current flow to and from the cell are interrupted.

Preferably, ignition of the reactive multilayer structure is triggered by a cell management system or a battery management system that manages a plurality of galvanic cells. Furthermore, a device is preferably provided for detecting state parameters of the cell and for signaling the state parameters to the cell management system and / or the battery management system. It is thus also possible to monitor state parameters of the cell and other components of the operating environment of the cell, and to monitor the cell or a group of cells or a portion of a cell if necessary by means of the ignition of the cells

Separate reactive multilayer structure targeted.

The foregoing and other features, objects, and advantages of

The present invention will become more apparent from the following description made with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings a plan view of a galvanic cell with Ableitfahnen, wherein an enclosure for ease of illustration is omitted, according to an embodiment of the present invention; a longitudinal sectional view of the cell of Figure 1 along a line II-II in Fig. 1. an enlarged view of an end portion of a cell according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the area shown corresponds to a detail III in Figure 2; a plan view corresponding to Figure 1 of a galvanic cell according to another embodiment of the present invention. a plan view corresponding to Figure 1 of a galvanic cell according to another embodiment of the present invention. a plan view of a galvanic cell according to another embodiment of the present invention; a plan view of a galvanic cell with control unit according to another embodiment of the present invention; a spatial representation of an external structure of a galvanic cell according to another embodiment of the present invention; a plan view of an upper side of a cell of Fig. 8 in a variant embodiment; a side view of an edge of the cell of Fig. 8 in

Looking direction of an arrow "X" in Fig. 9; a longitudinal sectional view of the galvanic cell of Figure 8 along a line Xl-Xl in Fig. 9. a longitudinal sectional view of a galvanic cell according to another embodiment of the present invention; an enlarged horizontal sectional view of an end portion of the cell of FIG. 12 along a through a

dot-dash line in Fig. 12 symbolized level in

Looking direction of an arrow "XIII"; a longitudinal sectional view of a galvanic cell according to another embodiment of the present invention; a longitudinal sectional view of a galvanic cell according to another embodiment of the present invention; a partially sectioned side view of an arrangement of two cells with a cell connector according to another

Embodiment of the present invention; a partially sectioned side view of an arrangement of two cells with a cell connector according to another

Embodiment of the present invention; and a sectional plan view of the arrangement of Fig. 17 along a line XVIII-XVIII. It is understood that the representations in the figures are schematic and are limited to the representation of the features useful for the understanding of the invention. It should also be pointed out that the dimensions and proportions shown in the figures are due solely to the clarity of the representation and are in no way to be understood as limiting, unless the description makes otherwise. In particular, material thicknesses are often shown greatly exaggerated in the figures. Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, a galvanic cell 2 has an active part 4, whose internal structure is not shown in detail. Without

For the general public, the active part 4 is a packet-like, stacked or wound arrangement of preferably coated films with electrochemical properties. In this case, the films and / or layers alternately form anode regions, separator regions and cathode regions which are responsible for the recording, conversion, storage and delivery of electrical

Charge energy in the sense of a galvanic cell serve, as well

Current collection areas (so-called collector areas), which are respectively connected to anode and cathode areas and the derivative or supply line

electrical charge from or to the anode and cathode areas, from. There are a variety of variants for the construction of such

Foil assemblies for forming the active part of a galvanic cell are known.

The current collecting regions, also referred to as collectors, are led out of the actual foil package as so-called discharge lugs 6, 8 and, separated after their assignment to the cathode or anode regions,

summarized and possibly connected (pressed, glued, soldered, riveted or the like). A possible enclosure of the cell is not in the figure shown in more detail. An enclosure may be a cladding film, a frame structure, a box structure or the like and forms a mechanical

comparatively resistant, gas and liquid density and, if necessary,

Electromagnetically shielding structure. So-called current conductors (not shown in detail) are connected within the enclosure with the Ableitfahnen 6, 8 and through the enclosure, such as a weld of the

Enclosure, passed through to the outside, to pole contacts the cell

train. Alternatively, current conductors may be directly connected to collector regions inside the cell, or may be conductive tabs through the

Housing led and serve itself as a current conductor.

On one of the Ableitfahnen 6, 8 (here on the Ableitfahne 8) an exothermic solder foil 10 is applied, preferably glued. The exothermic solder foil 10 is formed with nanometer reactive multilayers. It serves as a controlled energy storage, which can be ignited by one or more influences such as temperature, current, voltage, a laser pulse or others or ignites automatically and then gives off locally and briefly high thermal energy. Such solder foils 0 are conventionally used e.g. used to at

Ignition to provide the thermal energy for soldering two components. For use in the present application, the solder foil 10 is designed so that it ignites at a defined overcharge of the film package 4 (ignition pulse) and emits a thermal energy, which

Ableitfahnen 8 melts through. This interrupts the flow of current into the cell. An ignition pulse can also be input specifically from the outside, for example by a current or voltage pulse. Thereby, e.g. a cell is switched out of the network. The solder foil 10 thus serves as a multi-layer active fuse.

2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the cell 2 of FIG. 1. In this case, the sectional plane symbolized by a dot-dash line with associated arrows II-II in FIG. 1 runs through the discharge lug 8. As shown in FIG. 2, the exothermic solder foil 10 is disposed on the uppermost one of the solder tails 8 in a region where a plurality of solder tails 8 are gathered in the thickness direction. The solder foil 10 is a

Reactive multilayer structure in the sense of the invention. It is designed with regard to their energy output so that in response all Lötfahnen 8

be melted.

In a modification of this embodiment, the solder foil 10 is provided on both Ableitfahnen 6, 8.

In a further modification, the energy output is such that upon reaction only some of the solder tails 8 are melted through, with the common material thickness of the remaining solder tails 8 then no longer sufficient to be able to conduct the cell current unscathed, so that the remaining solder tails 8 alone melt through ,

In a further modification, a nanometer reactive multilayer is vapor-deposited directly on one or both discharge lugs 6, 8 or otherwise deposited there. The directly applied reactive multilayer of this modification is also a reactive multilayer structure in the sense of the invention.

Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In this case, in Fig. 3 in Fig. 2 marked by a dotted line III area shown enlarged as a detail.

This embodiment is a modification of the foregoing

Embodiment. According to the illustration in FIG. 3, a plurality of discharge lugs 8 protrude out of the film stack of the active part 4, which is shown only schematically. In a region before the solder tails 8 in the thickness direction

summarized (soldered, glued, pressed, riveted or the like), each Lötfahne 8 carries an exothermic solder foil 10. This is in terms of their energy output designed so that upon reaction, the respective Lötfahne. 8 is melted through without affecting other Lötfahnen 8 or ignite other solder sheets 10. The arrangement of the solder foils 10 of this

Embodiment is also a reactive multilayer structure according to the invention.

In this exemplary embodiment, it is also possible in a particularly simple manner to switch off segments within a larger cell (for example, a large cell) in the sense of an internal active fuse by targeted ignition of individual solder foils. Similarly, winding parts of the anodes or in-sheet batteries of sheet segments or entire sheets can be switched off when the

Multi-functional battery backup is installed in the inner Kontaktierungssegment before or between the sheet contacting.

Also in this embodiment, the modification is possible that instead of stand-alone Lötfolien 10 reactive multilayers directly, for example, already in the production of the collector films, to which the Ableitfahnen 8 belong, apply to this ".

Fig. 4 shows a view corresponding to the plan view of Fig. 1, another embodiment of the present invention.

This embodiment is a modification of the first or second embodiment. While in those of the ignition pulse for the solder foil 0 is preferably supplied via the Ableitfahne 8, the solder foil 10 is connected to a feed line 12 in the present embodiment. Via the feed line 12, an ignition pulse for the solder foil 10 via a control unit (not shown in detail) can be fed.

The supply line 12 may be part of the Ableitfahne 8 or the solder foil 10. Alternatively, it can also be an independent conductor piece, which is subsequently connected to the discharge lug 8 or the soldering foil 10. If, as in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, each discharge lug carries a soldering foil 10 and is connected to its own supply line 12, the individual solder foils 10 can be controlled individually (ie, ignited) via the (not shown) control device and the associated discharge lugs 8 to be interrupted.

Fig. 5 shows in a representation corresponding to the plan view of Fig. 1, a further embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is a modification of one of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1, 2 or 4 shown embodiments. As with those carries the Ableitfahne 8 a solder foil 10, which ignites to a predetermined ignition pulse and the

Discharge flag 8 destroyed. In this embodiment, a switching network (here, for example, a blocking transistor circuit) 14 is provided by

Connecting lines 16, 18 is connected to the Ableitfahnen 6, 8. In this case, the connecting line 18 opens into the Ableitfahne 8 where the solder foil 10 is arranged. Via a signal line 20, the switching network 14 with a control device (not shown in detail) connectable. In a non-activated state of the switching network 14, the Ableitfahnen 6, 8 are separated from each other. In response to a signal S supplied via the signal line 20, the switching network 14 establishes a conductive connection between the discharge lugs 6, 8. As a result, the cell 2 is short-circuited. The short-circuit current is sufficient to ignite the solder foil 10, thus acting as ignition pulse for the solder foil 10. The connecting lines 16, 18 may each be part of the Ableitfahnen 6 or 8 or the solder foil 10. Alternatively, they can also be independent conductor pieces, which can be retrofitted with the discharge lug 6 or 8 or the solder foil 10

are connected. The idea of this embodiment is also in the sense of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 can be modified by a switching network 14 is provided for each Ableitfahne 8. For example, by firing individual Solder foils 10 individual Ableitfahnen 8 are selectively interrupted. In this way, a shutdown of certain areas of the cell 10 is specifically controlled.

Fig. 6 is a representation corresponding to the plan view of Fig. 1, a galvanic cell 2 as a further embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 6, an enclosure 22 of the cell 2 is shown, and located within the housing 22 parts of the cell 10 are shown in dashed lines. The housing 22 is a film structure, which encloses the active part 4 together with Ableitfahnen 6, 8. Preferably, the housing 22 is evacuated and protects the cell 2 from external influences as well as from the

Leakage of liquids, vapors or gases.

The present embodiment is a modification of the first

Embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6 current conductors 24, 26 are each connected to one of the Ableitfahnen 6, 8 and extend through the housing 22 therethrough.

In this embodiment, an exothermic solder foil 10 is disposed outside of the cell housing 22 on the current collector 26. The solder foil 10 is designed such that the thermal energy released when it is ignited completely melts the current conductor 26 or at least melts so far that the cell current causes the further complete thorough melting.

In this embodiment, the exothermic reaction of the solder foil 10 takes place outside the cell housing 10. Thus, the interior of the cell 2 is at least largely kept free from heat input by the exothermic reaction.

As a modification, a supply line (not shown in more detail) can also be provided here, via which the soldering foil 10 an ignition pulse can be supplied. In a further modification, a reactive multilayer can be applied directly to the current collector 26.

Fig. 7 shows in a representation corresponding to the plan view of Fig. 1, a further embodiment of the present invention.

The present embodiment is a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4. As in Fig. 6 is also in Fig. 7 a

Housing 22 of the cell 2 is shown, and located within the housing 22 parts of the cell 10 are shown in dashed lines.

As described above, the Ableitfahne 8 carries a solder foil 10, which ignites to a predetermined ignition pulse and the Ableitfahne 8 destroyed. A current collector 24 is connected to the Ableitfahne 6 and extends through the housing 22 therethrough. Another current collector 26 is connected to the Ableitfahne 8 and extends through the housing 22 therethrough. Similarly, the solder foil 10 is connected to a feed line 12, which also extends through the housing 22 therethrough. In this embodiment, a controller 28 is provided, which is connected to the cell 2. In this case, the first current conductor 24 is connected via a first connecting line 30 to the control unit 28, the supply line 12 is connected via a second connecting line 32 to the control unit 28, the second current collector 26 is connected via a third connecting line 34 to the control unit 28.

Controller 28 is configured to arrive at a predetermined internal event, such as reaching a predetermined cell current, cell voltage, cell temperature, or other limit

State variables of the cell 2 or a predetermined external event such as predetermined accident indicators, theft indicators, or other fault indicators through the connection line 32 and the supply line 12th to give an ignition pulse for the solder foil 10. In addition to the

Connecting lines 30, 32, 34 may further connection or

Signal lines for connection to sensors within cells 2 or a cell assembly may be provided.

The controller 28 may be assigned to the cell 2 individually. Alternatively, the controller 28 may be a common controller for a plurality of cells 2. The controller 28 may e.g. Part of a battery management system (BMS) for one or more cells or batteries and be connected for example with crash sensors or the like.

FIG. 8 schematically shows an outer structure of a galvanic cell 100 according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention in a spatial representation.

The galvanic cell 100 is a so-called flat contact cell. It has a flat, approximately cuboid shape. For concrete reference, a top 112, a bottom 114, two end faces 116, 118 and two flanks 120, 122 are defined on the cell 00. The upper side 112 and the lower side 114 are arranged at least substantially parallel to each other. Likewise, each of the end faces 116, 118 and the flanks 120, 122 are arranged at least substantially parallel to each other. The top 112 and the bottom 114 are the sides with the largest surface area in the

Relationship to other pages, and they are also referred to as flat pages 112, 114. The dimensions of the flat sides 112, 114 define a length L and a width W of the cell 110, wherein the length L is greater than the width W, without loss of generality. The distance of the upper side 112 from the lower side 114 defines a thickness T of the cell 10. The end faces 116, 118 and the flanks 120, 122 connect the upper side 112 and the lower side 114 peripherally circumferentially with each other, whereby - again without limiting the generality - the end faces 116, 118 connect the shorter edges of the flat sides 112, 114 with the dimension W (width) and the flanks 120, 122 connect the longer edges of the flat sides 112, 114 with the dimension L (length). The end faces 116, 118 and the flanks 120, 122 are also referred to as narrow sides 116, 118, 120, 122 of the flat contact cell 100. A plane parallel to the flanks 120, 122, which intersects the flat sides 112, 114 in half the width W, defines a

Center plane M of cell 100.

The cell 100 has an electrochemically active part, which is not shown in detail in FIG. For the active part of cell 100 this

Embodiment basically apply the comments for the first embodiment. In particular, the active part of the cell 100 is formed by a film package.

A housing or a housing of the film package or of the active part of the cell 100 is formed by an upper shell 124 and a lower shell 126, which are also referred to as half shells 124, 126. In the illustrated embodiment, the lower shell 126 is significantly higher than the upper shell 124. Thus, the lower shell 126 as a trough and the upper shell 124 may be referred to as a lid. This shape is quite exemplary and can be modified with regard to the mechanical, electrical, manufacturing and economic requirements. At a contact surface between the upper shell 124 and the lower shell 126, a seal 128 is arranged. The half-shells 124, 126 are of a well-conducting,

in particular metallic material such as copper or aluminum or an alloy thereof. The shape of the half-switches 124, 126 is made by deep drawing.

The Ableitfahnen the active part of the cell 100 are each connected to one of the half-shells 124, 126. Thus, the half shells 124, 126, in particular with the flat sides 112, 114 defined by them, form a flat

Contact areas or poles of the cell. The seal 128 has an electrical insulating property and also serves the reliable electrical separation of the poles (half shells 124, 126).

A battery can be manufactured by juxtaposing a plurality of cells 100, wherein the flat sides 112, 1 14 touch each other and a

Interconnection between the cells 100 (in particular a series connection) realize.

In a modification, areas of the half shells 124, 126 which are not intended to be used for contacting, for example the narrow sides 16, 118, 120, 122, may be coated with an insulating material.

9 shows a plan view of the upper side 112 of the cell 100, and FIG. 10 shows a side view of the flank 116 (viewing direction of an arrow). X "in Fig. 9).

As shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, four elevations 124a are formed on the flat side 12 of the upper shell 124, and four elevations 126a are formed on the flat side 14 of the lower shell 126. The elevations 124a, 126a form circular contact portions and jointly define a respective contact plane 130 on the top 112 and a contact plane 132 on the bottom 1 14 of the cell 100. The elevations 124a, 126a thus form well-defined contact surfaces, which of a possible deformation or Warping of the flat sides 1 12, 114 in the operation of the cell 100 are largely independent.

Fig. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an internal structure of the cell 100 of this embodiment. The sectional plane in the center plane M of the cell 100 (see Fig. 8 or Fig. 9) in the direction of an arrow "XI" in Fig. 9 runs. In the cell 100 of this embodiment, the half-shells 124, 126 respectively form one of the end faces 116, 118 of the cell 100. The flanks 120, 122 of the cell 100 are half of lateral edges of the half-shells 124, respectively, as shown in FIG. 126 formed. (In an alternative embodiment, one of the half-shells 124, 126 may have a lateral edge extending over the entire height of the cell 100, while the other one of the half shells 124, 126 has a lateral edge

Semi-switching 124, 126 has the basic shape of an L-shaped bent sheet metal.) Ableitfahnen 136, 138 of the film package 134 protrude comparatively short on the end faces of the film package 134 addition. On voltage standing contact springs (compression springs) 168, which are made of an elastically resilient and electrically conductive material, sitting on the frontally projecting Ableitfahnen 136, 138 and provide an electrical connection to the front edges 124c, 126c of the half-shells 124, 126 ago. The contact springs 168 each run in scenes 170, which are made of an electrically insulating material and the contact springs 168 against other area of the half-shells 124, 126 isolate. The contact springs 168 also support the foil package 134 in the longitudinal direction and protect it from movements in the housing.

The half-shells 124, 126 are made of a metallic, highly conductive material (eg, steel, aluminum, copper, alloys thereof, or the like) and form the poles of the cell 100. Optional bumps (see Figures 9 and 10) on the flat sides 112 114 are not shown in FIG. 11, as are optional dampings between the foil package 134 and the flanks of the cell 100 (ie, the half-shells 124, 126).

Fig. 12 shows a concrete embodiment of the cell 100 in one

FIG. 13 shows an end region of the cell 100 in an enlarged horizontal sectional view along a plane symbolized by a dot-dash line in FIG. 12

Viewing direction of an arrow "XIII". As shown in Fig. 12, a film package 134 of the cell 100 is formed by a film roll, but it may be formed in a design alternative as a film stack or the like. On a flat winding mandrel 196, a first collector foil 178 and a second collector foil 182 are wound, which are each coated with electrode layers. Between

Collector foils 178, 182 existing electrode material

(Coating material) and separator material (separator sheets 180) are not hatched in Fig. 12 so as not to over-load the image. The collector foils 178, 182 protrude with their uncoated end at different

End sides of the film package 134 and form the Ableitfahnen 136, 138 of the film package 134. Between the flat sides and flanks of the film package 134 and the inner surfaces of the half-shells 124, 126 of the cell housing each have a damping 142 is provided.

In the cell 100 of the present embodiment, a first

Front side 1 16 of the cell 100 formed by the lower shell 126 and a second end face 118 of the cell 100 is formed by the upper shell 124. A contact spring 168 made of a conductive material provides an electrical connection between the front inside of the lower shell 126 and the Ableitfahnen 136 or between the front inside of the upper shell 126 and the Ableitfahnen 138 each by adhesion to pressure.

It should be noted that in this embodiment, elevations 124a are formed in the upper shell 124 only on the upper side 112 of the cell 100, but no elevations are provided on the lower side 114. The elevations 124a of the cell 100 thus contact the flat side 11 formed by the lower shell 126 of an optionally adjacent cell in one

Stack arrangement of cells 100 directly. The construction of the frictional connection is shown more clearly in FIG. 13. In Fig. 13, the end face 116 of the cell 100 (the lower shell 126) is shown with the associated portion of the film package 134. As shown in Fig. 13, the compression spring 168 has a curved shape with two free ends 168a, which are supported on the half-shell 126, and an arcuate, pointing to the end face of the film package 134 center portion 168b. The pressure of the contact spring 168 and the electrical

Connection is mediated via a contact plate 192, which is arranged between the contact spring 168 and the Ableitfahnen 136 of the film package 134. The center portion 168b of the contact spring nestles against the contact plate 192 for a sufficient distance, and the free ends 168a nestle against the half shell 126 a sufficient distance to ensure reliable power transmission. The contact plate 192 has notches 192 a, which point with a tip to the Ableitfahnen 136 and penetrate the front end pressure in order to improve the current transfer. On the edge side, an insulation 192b is applied to the contact plate 192, which isolates the contact plate 192 electrically from the half-shells 124, 126. The structure is identical on the other end face (side of Ableitfahnen 138).

As also shown in FIG. 12, an exothermic soldering foil 110 is applied on the middle part 168b of the contact spring 168 on a side facing the contact plate 192. The exothermic solder foil 110 is formed with nanometer reactive multilayers. This serves as a controlled

Energy storage, by external influences such as temperature, a

Laser pulse or others can be ignited and then gives off locally and temporarily high thermal energy. The solder foil 110 is so for example

designed so that it ignites at a defined overcharge of the film package 134 (ignition pulse) and the contact spring 168 melts. This interrupts the flow of current into the cell. The solder foil 110 thus serves as a multi-layer active fuse. Insulating packs 104 disposed between the free ends 168a of the contact springs 168 and the contact plate 192 also hold Through-melted contact spring 168, the distance between the contact plate 192 and the half-shells 124, 126 upright.

In an optional or alternative modification, an exothermic solder foil may be applied on a side facing away from the contact plate or may be applied to the contact plate 192 itself; Such an arrangement may, for example, but not only, be helpful if the conductivity of the exothermic solder foil is behind that of the contact plate and / or the

Contact spring resigns. In another variation, the nanometer reactive multilayer may be evaporated or otherwise deposited.

Although in the present embodiment, the exothermic solder foil 10 is provided on the contact springs 168 of both end faces 116, 118, this can be omitted in a further modification on one of the end faces 116, 118. In further modifications, more than two notches 192a may be provided to further improve the contacting.

FIG. 14 shows, in a longitudinal sectional view corresponding to FIG. 12, a galvanic cell 100 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention

Invention.

In this embodiment, the half shells 124, 126 are constructed at least substantially identical. In particular, the end faces 116, 118 (as well as the flanks 120, 122, not visible in the FIG. 1) are each formed halfway from the front edges 124c, 126c (and the side edges not visible in the figure). The seal 128 accordingly extends at least substantially circumferentially at half the height in FIG

Thickness direction of the cell 100.

In this embodiment, contact springs 168 are used whose shape corresponds to the previous embodiment. In particular, the contact springs 168 each have a curved shape with two free ends (168a, see Fig. 13), which are supported on the housing, and a arcuate, pointing to the front side of the film package 134 center part 168b. The pressure of the contact spring 168 and the electrical connection are mediated via a contact plate 192 which is arranged between the contact spring 168 and the Ableitfahnen 136 of the film package 134.

As shown in FIG. 14, on a face 116, 118, the edges 124c, 126c of the half-shells 124, 126 are bent inwardly to form doubled edges (edge doubles) 124j, 126j (ie, the edge thickness is twice that Sheet metal position doubled). On the other end face, an insulating strip 106 is arranged on the inside, the thickness of which corresponds at least substantially to a sheet thickness of the half-shells 124, 126 or their front-side edges 124c, 126c. In assembly, the half-shells 124, 126 are assembled so that the doubled edges 124j, 126j face one edge 124c, 126c with an insulating strip 106, respectively.

Due to the structure described above, the free edges of the contact springs 168 each sit in a half on a doubled edge 124j, 126j of the half-shell 124, 126 to be contacted and the other half on an insulating strip 106, which is the contact spring 168 of the non-contacting half-shell 124, 126 electrically isolated on. In this way, on each end face 116, 118 in each case a half-shell 126, 124 connected to the contact spring 168 and thus with the Ableitfahnen 136, 138 an end face of the film package 134, and the other half-shell 124, 126 is reliably isolated from it. Thus, the half-shells 124, 126 or their elevations 124a, 126a provided on the flat sides can be used as poles of the cell 100.

In this embodiment, the elevations 124a of the upper shell 124 are formed smaller than the elevations 126a of the lower shell 126 to the

To mark pole 100's pole position. As shown in Fig. 14, the entire outer surface of the cell 100 except for the bumps 124a, 126a with a coating 108 provided. The cover 108 is made of a resilient, electrically insulating material such as a rubber or silicone material and causes on the one hand further sealing of the cell 100 and on the other hand electrical insulation of portions of the cell 100, which should not serve as poles.

An exothermic solder foil 110 is respectively provided on the central part 168 b of the contact springs 168 on the side facing away from the printing plates to a

Multi-layer active fuse as described above to realize. An insulating package (104, see Fig. 13) is not shown in detail in Fig. 14, but may be provided.

FIG. 15 shows, in a longitudinal sectional view corresponding to FIG. 12, a galvanic cell 100 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention

Invention.

In this embodiment, the upper shell 124 of the cell 100 has an at least substantially plate-like shape and has the

Lower shell 126 has an at least substantially trough-shaped form. Contact sections (poles) of the cell 100 are defined by protrusions 124a, 126a formed on the flat sides 112, 114 of the cell 100 (half-shells 124, 126). The upper shell 124 is seated on the edge of the lower shell 126, and the seal 128 is formed circumferentially therebetween. The film stack 134 has frontally opposite Ableitfahnen 136, 138, each with their flat sides on each other. The Ableitfahnen 136 in the region of the end face 116 lie with their flat sides on each other and are insulated by a contact support 140 against the upper shell 124. At the

Underneath the Ableitfahnen 136 is disposed an exothermic solder foil 110 having electrically conductive nanometer reactive multilayers. A

Contact clip or spring 168 is supported against the lower shell 126 and presses from below against the solder foil 110. In this way, an electrical contact between the Ableitfahnen 136 and the lower shell 126 is made.

Likewise, the Ableitfahnen 138 in the region of the other end face 118 with their flat sides on each other and are insulated by a contact support 140 against the lower shell 126. At the top of Ableitfahnen 138 an exothermic solder foil 110 is arranged, which has electrically conductive nanometer reactive multilayers. A contact clip or spring 168 is supported against the upper shell 124 and presses from above against the solder foil 110. In this way, an electrical contact between the Ableitfahnen 138 and the upper shell 124 is prepared.

The solder foil 110 acts as a multi-layer active fuse which, for example, but not only, reacts when the foil stack is overloaded or when an ignition signal is supplied, and at least either the deflector vanes 136, 138 or the contact springs 168 melts.

In a modification, the solder foil 110 forms an insulator layer between the contact springs 168 and the Ableitfahnen 136, 138 when ignited.

Elevations 124a, 126a on the upper shell 124 and the lower shell 126a serve as contact portions (poles) of the cell. To previous descriptions in this regard, reference is expressly made. In the present embodiment, the elevations 126a of the lower shell 126 are formed higher than the elevation 124a of the upper shell 124. In this way, the pole position of the cell 100 can be reliably marked.

As a further variant of the construction of the housing, the elevations 124a or 126a can be replaced by depressions, on the one hand to characterize the pole position, on the other hand to prevent a displacement of cells 100 relative to each other, and finally the packing density of cells 100 in one

Increase cell stack. In a further modification, the solder foil 1 10 only on one of

Ableitfahnenpakete 136, 138 provided.

Fig. 16 shows an arrangement of two galvanic cells 200 with a connector 202 as another embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 16, a pole 204 of a first cell 200 is connected to a pole 206 of a second cell 200 through a connector 202. The connector 202 bridges over a free distance (distance d) between the poles 204, 206 and is formed of a highly conductive material (steel, aluminum, copper, alloys thereof or the like). The connector 202 is fastened to the poles 204, 206 by means of one or more connecting elements 208 (screw, rivet or the like).

Alternatively, the connector 202 may also be clipped, clamped, plugged, glued, soldered or the like to the poles 204, 206. Furthermore, the connector 202 has a reactive multilayer 210 in the area of the free path.

Upon firing, the layers of reactive multilayer 210 exothermically react and melt connector 202 so that connector 202 is interrupted in the region of free span d. Thus, the cells 200, 200 are effectively separated from each other. For the type of ignition pulse and the

Control can be made to the above statements in connection with other embodiments, modifications and variants.

In the illustrated embodiment, the current conductors 204, 206 are angled and facing each other. However, the principle of the invention is equally applicable to just projecting current conductors or otherwise

Use current conductor.

17 shows an arrangement of two galvanic cells 200 with a connector 202 as a further embodiment of the present invention, wherein the galvanic cells 200 only in the region of the exit of the

Current conductors are shown and the areas of interest are cut in the middle of the current conductor. Fig. 18 is a plan view, cut along a line XVIII-XVIII, of the arrangement of Fig. 17 as viewed in the direction of arrows.

As shown in FIG. 17, in this embodiment, the current conductors 204, 206 of the cells 200 project straight up. A connector 202 for connecting the current conductors 204, 206 has a first terminal part 212, a second terminal part 214, and a reactive nanometer multilayer 210 (hereinafter referred to as multi-element I 1 210).

The connecting part 212 is made of a good electrical conductor material and has a plate portion 212a and two spring portions 212b, which are bent back in the direction of the plate portion. A distance between the spring sections 212b and the plate section 212a is dimensioned such that a current conductor 204, 206 can be clamped in between in such a way that the

Plate portion 212a is applied to the current conductors 204 and 206 and the spring portions engage around the current conductors 204 and 206 and elastically press against the plate portion 212 a. The connection principle of the connecting part 212 thus corresponds to that of a cable lug. The connecting part 214 is constructed in the same way as the previously described connecting part 212 and has a plate section 214a and two spring sections 214b, to which the above explanations apply accordingly. In the illustrated configuration, the connector 212 is slid onto the current collector 204 of one cell 200, while the connector 214 is slid onto the current collector 206 of the other cell 200. Between the opposite

Plate sections 212a, 214a, the multilayer 210 is arranged. In this embodiment, the layers of the multilayer 210 are formed of good conductor materials. When the multilayer 210 has been ignited and reacted, the reaction product forms the multilayer 210 Insulator material, which electrically separates the connecting parts 212, 214 from each other. The multilayer 210 is a reactive multilayer structure in the sense of the invention. In a further exemplary embodiment, which is not illustrated in more detail, one or more strips or a network are formed by respective reactive multilayers on a collector foil of a galvanic cell. As a result, the galvanic cell is divided into segments. The segments work in non-activated reactive multilayers in a conventional manner and form

together the galvanic cell. Upon activation of the reactive multilayers, so much heat is generated that portions of the cell adjacent to the reactive multilayer melt or melt and an electrical bond of the layers is disrupted. Thus, the sections are electrically separable from each other.

Thus, in the case of an accident, which is detectable for example by crash sensors on a vehicle, a high-performance battery in sections harmless voltage, such as less than 48 V or the like, are disassembled. Also, during operation may be at risk or faulty

Sections (segments) of a cell are switched off individually and specifically.

In another embodiment, instead of or in addition to an irreversible reactive multilayer, a reversibly reactive reactive multilayer is provided. Under a reversible reactive multilayer is a

Reactive multi-layer that restores an original state at least once after activation. The arrangement of the reversible

Multi-layering can be done at any suitable one of the aforementioned locations for purposes of active protection of galvanic cells. The reactive multilayers used in this application consist of several hundred to several thousand alternating layers of at least two materials which can react exothermically with one another. The thicknesses of Single layers are in the range of preferably 10-50 nm, with deviations down or up are possible. Upon activation of an activation energy, an atomic interdiffusion of the two materials is excited within the nanometer multilayer, resulting in a high heat release within a very short time. By varying the composition of the material, the thickness of the period and the total thickness of the layer, it is possible to have a specific influence on characteristic properties such as the amount of heat released, the propagation velocity and the maximum temperature that can be attained. Thus, also for the industrial application is a precise

controllable and tailor-made energy or heat source for

Available, which is particularly suitable for the realization of a protective device for galvanic cells.

For realizing the reactive multilayers used here, it is possible to use, in addition to the already mentioned further materials and combinations of materials. In concrete embodiments, the following substances are used or realized as a layer or layer structure of a reactive multilayer:

- nanofillers and dipergent nanomaterials in a suitable matrix - nanocomposites, e.g. Compounds with carbon nanotubes

Functional polymeric coating systems, e.g. Powder coatings, thin-film UV coatings

- multi-layer or hybrid systems

Combination layers, e.g. laminates

- Micro- and nanostructured materials and surfaces

- effect substances or functional substances

- surface-active substances

- Self-assembling monolayers (SAMs - self-asseembled

monolyers) and very thin functional layers, e.g. functional alkylphosphonic acids, grafted polymers or the like

- new alloys

- Semiconductors Functional materials (inorganic, metallic, metal alloys, diamond-like, possibly diamond-like carbon (DLC))

- Piezoelectric materials, e.g. Ceramics, crystals or the like

- OLEDs (Organic Light Emitting Diodes)

Printable coating materials, e.g. aqueous or UV-curing or novel curing inks and varnishes

- Thin layers

Multifunctional multilayers, e.g. tribological properties

coupled with sensors / actuators, easy-to-clean coupled with

Scratch resistance or the like

- New materials and material combinations, e.g. nanoparticles

Kanokomposite or the like

Gradient layers (material combinations or constituents,

Properties)

- Metals which react with each other, and / or conductive polymers as well as sensors (eg thermo-sensors) or in combination with Al and Si0 ₂ / Ti0 ₂ multi-layer, Ti, Zr, Sn and Al; Au, Ag

- Oxoclusters (commonly used metals for oxoclusters: Sn, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ce, Nb, Mo, W, V)

Binary and tenear oxide aerogels (examples: Ti0 ₂ / Si0 ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ / Si0 ₂ ,

3AI ₂ G-3 / 2SiO ₃ , Fe ₂ O ₃ / SiO ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ / Al ₂ O ₃ , VzOg / MgO, PbO / Al ₂ O ₃ ,

PbO / ZrO ₂ , BaO / Al ₂ O ₃ , xLi ₂ O / (1-x) B ₂ O ₅ , PbTiO ₃ , NiO / AlzOVMgO,

Ni07Si0 ₂ / MgO, 2Mg072AI ₂ 0 ₃ / 5Si0 ₂ )

- 3D structures

Layered two-dimensional materials embedded in an organic matrix, e.g. Graphite oxide in expanded form, embedded as a nanocomposite in a polyurethane matrix

The use of the abovementioned materials or principles enables or requires novel techniques in which previous limits between the production and processing of metallic, oxidic and polymeric layers start to blur. There are a variety of electrical, electronic, magnetic, redoxchemical or photonic applications. There is also a setting of the reactive multilayer in terms of

Shrinkage, stiffness, heat resistance, flammability, electrical conductivity, permeability to gases, etc. feasible.

As a further modification, several Ableitfahnen can, for example. Connected by soldering and be performed as a current conductor through the enclosure. Also in this case, an active fuse inside or outside the enclosure within the meaning of this application is providable.

In one embodiment, the electrical component is characterized in that it is a lithium ion battery or a lithium ion secondary battery or comprises a lithium ion battery or a lithium ion secondary battery.

Another object of the invention relates to the use of a composite as defined in this disclosure for separating an electrical

Line connection. The embodiments mentioned in this application and their

Variations and variants can be combined with each other and with any state of the art within the meaning of the invention, as far as it is not obviously impossible. It should be noted that all embodiments, modifications and variants and all combinations of their

Individual features may be preferred embodiments of the present invention. In particular, an internal or external contacting is provided in all embodiments, which is separable by a reversible or irreversible reactive multilayer. In all embodiments, reactive multilayer structures may be vapor deposited, deposited, or otherwise deposited directly, or arranged as discrete films or similar structures. As far as in embodiments exothermic soldering This is to be understood as merely exemplary and does not limit the use of other reactive multilayer structures in any way.

List of reference numbers:

2 galvanic cell (pouch cell)

4 active part

6 drainage flag

8 drainage flag

10 exothermic solder foil (reactive multilayer)

12 supply line

14 switching network

16 connection line

18 connection line

20 signal line

22 enclosure

24 current conductors

26 current conductors

28 control unit

30 connecting line

32 connecting line

34 connection line

100 galvanic cell (flat contact cell)

106 insulating strips

108 coating

110 exothermic solder foil (reactive multilayer)

112 top (flat side)

114 underside (flat side)

116 front side (narrow sides

118 front side (narrow side)

120 flank (narrow side)

122 flank (narrow side)

124 upper shell (half shell)

124a survey (contact section)

124b edge 124c front edge

124j edge doubling

126 lower shell (half shell)

126a survey (contact section)

126b edge

126c front edge

126j edge doubling

128 seal

130 contact level

132 contact level

134 foil package

136 lead-off (collector)

136138 Discharge flag (collector)

140 contact support

142 damping

168 contact spring

168a free end

168b middle part

170 scenery

178 first collector foil

180 separator film

182 second collector foil

190 winding mandrel (winding core)

192 contact plate

192a notch

192b insulation

194 insulating package

196 winding mandrel

200 Galvanic cell

202 cell connectors

204 current conductors

206 current conductors 208 fasteners

210 Reactive multilayer

212 connection part

212a plate section

212b spring section

214 connection part

214a plate section

214b spring section

H cell height

L cell length

M median plane

W cell width d distance

It is expressly understood that the above list of reference numerals is an integral part of the description.

Claims

P a n t a n s p r e c h e

Electrical component with a device for separating a

electrical line connection, characterized in that the device has a composite of at least two different materials.

Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least two different materials are selected so that they can be reacted with each other, whereby the separation of the electrical line connection is effected.

Component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the composite is arranged on a portion of the line connection and the materials are selected so that in their reaction thermal energy is released, which is a melting of the

Line connection over its total cross section or one

Partial cross section causes.

A component according to claim 3, characterized in that a part of the cross-section of the line connection melts, wherein the remaining cross-section of the line connection during flow of a

Normal working flow through the section of the line connection melts.

Component according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the at least two different materials react to form a metallic alloy or a metallic glass; a silicide; an aluminide; a boride; a carbide; and / or form the starting materials of a thermite. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite is mounted in a portion of the line connection and is electrically conductive, wherein the at least two different materials are selected so that their reaction results in an electrically non-conductive reaction product.

Component according to claim 6, characterized in that the one material is graphite or graphene.

Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that the at least two materials are present in the composite in the form of alternating layers.

Component according to claim 8, characterized in that the layers independently of one another have a diameter of 1 to 100 nm.

Component according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that between 50 to 10,000 layers are present in the composite.

Component according to one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the reaction is triggered when at least one of the following states is given:

- Exceeding a predetermined threshold for a current flowing through the section of the line connection current;

- Exceeding a predetermined threshold for a voltage applied across the portion of the line connection voltage; - Exceeding a predetermined threshold for prevailing in the composite or the portion of the line connection temperature;

- Exceeding a predetermined threshold for a voltage applied to the composite electrical potential;

- Force due to a shock or impact.

Component according to one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the reaction is triggered by supplying a current, voltage, temperature, light, sound, UV, laser signal or - pulse to the means for separating.

Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that the component is a cell connector for electrical connection between galvanic cells having means for contacting with pole terminals of galvanic cells; or that the component is a galvanic cell, wherein the means for separating is associated with one or more sections for conducting electrical current from and / or to the galvanic cell.

Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that it is or comprises an electrochemical storage cell, wherein the electrochemical storage cell is preferably a lithium ion battery or a lithium ion secondary battery.

Use of a composite as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10 for disconnecting an electrical line connection.