Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M145/22—Polyesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M149/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/04—Elements
  • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
  • C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
  • C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/086—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
  • C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
  • C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/24—Emulsion properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/251—Alcohol fueled engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
  • C10N2060/09—Treatment with nitrogen containing compounds

Definitions

• the present application relates to a motor having improved properties. Furthermore the present invention describes a use of polymers to improve the emulsion stability of lubricants.
• Lubricant decline especially high water content and phase separation have detrimental effects on various properties of the motor. These are especially critical for motors having Flex Fuel compatibility. High water content usually may cause problems regarding cold start and cold run characteristics of the motor. In addition thereto, the life time and the fuel consumption of the motor are negatively influenced by a high water content of the lubricant.
• the additive should not exhibit any adverse effects on the fuel consumption or the environmental compatibility of the lubricant.
• the present invention accordingly provides a motor designed for Flex Fuel compatibility comprising a lubricant
• composition characterized in that the lubricant
• composition comprises at least one ester group containing polymer having a high polarity.
• the motor of the present invention shows an enhanced life time and lowered fuel consumption.
• the motor of the present invention enables extended oil change intervals.
• the motor provides significant improvements in economic aspects based on lower amounts of motor oil based on a specific mileage.
• the solution presented by the present invention is not limited to new motor designs and can be applied to existing flex-fuel motors.
• the motor of the present invention can have a very high compression without being detrimental effected regarding the cold start and cold run characteristics and life time and the fuel consumption of flex-fuel motors.
• the additives used in order to obtain a lubricant being able to solve the problems mentioned above can be prepared in a simple and inexpensive manner, and it is possible to use commercially available components in particular. At the same time, production is possible on the industrial scale, without new plants or plants of complex construction being required for that purpose.
• ester groups are compatible with many additives. This allows the lubricants to be adjusted to a wide variety of different requirements.
• the present invention provides a new motor designed for Flex Fuel compatibility. These motors are usually part of flex-fuel vehicles.
• a flexible-fuel vehicle (FFV) or dual-fuel vehicle are usually part of flex-fuel vehicles.
• a flex-fuel vehicle is an alternative fuel vehicle with an internal combustion engine designed to run on more than one fuel, usually gasoline blended with either ethanol or methanol fuel, and both fuels are stored in the same common tank.
• Flex-fuel engines are capable of burning any proportion of the resulting blend in the combustion chamber as fuel injection and spark timing are adjusted automatically according to the actual blend detected by electronic sensors.
• Flex-fuel vehicles are distinguished from bi-fuel vehicles, where two fuels are stored in separate tanks and the engine runs on one fuel at a time, for example, compressed natural gas (CNG) ,
• CNG compressed natural gas
• the motor comprises a compression of at least 10:1, more preferably at least 12:1.
• the motor may comprise a fuel injection pump.
• Preferred motor of the present invention meet the
• (meth) acrylates encompasses methacrylates and acrylates, and mixtures of the two. These monomers are widely known.
• the polymer comprising ester groups comprises preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 60% by weight, especially preferably at least 80% by weight and most preferably at least 90% by weight of repeat units derived from ester monomers.
• the statistical copolymer comprises at least 7 %, more preferably at least 9 % by weight of dispersing repeat units being derived from a dispersing monomer.
• the polymer may be a graft copolymer having an nonpolar polymer as graft base and an dispersing monomer as graft layer.
• graft copolymers preferably comprising 0.5 to 10 % by weight, especially 0.8 to 7 % by weight, more preferably 1 to 5 % by weight of dispersing repeat units being derived from at least one dispersing monomer, preferably a heterocyclic vinyl compound.
• the term "repeat unit" is widely known in the technical field.
• the present polymers can preferably be obtained by means of free-radical polymerization of monomers. This opens up double bonds to form covalent bonds. Accordingly, the repeat unit arises from the monomers used.
• Dispersing monomers are understood to mean especially monomers with functional groups, for which it can be assumed that polymers with these functional groups can keep particles, especially soot particles, in solution (cf. R.M. Mortier, S.T. Orszulik (eds.) : “Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants", Blackie Academic & Professional, London, 2 nd ed. 1997) .
• These include especially monomers which have boron-, phosphorus-, silicon-, sulfur-, oxygen- and
• nitrogen-containing groups preference being given to oxygen- and nitrogen-functionalized monomers.
• the nonpolar graft base may comprise a small proportion of dispersing repeat units, which is preferably less than 20% by weight, more preferably less than 10% by weight and most preferably less than 5% by weight, based on the weight of the nonpolar graft base.
• the nonpolar graft base comprises
• the nonpolar graft base of the polymer comprising ester groups may have 5 to 100% by weight, especially 20 to 98% by weight, preferably 30 to 95 and most preferably 70 to 92% by weight of repeat units derived from ester monomers having 7 to 15 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical.
• the nonpolar graft base of the polymer comprising ester groups may have 0 to 80% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 60% by weight, more preferably 2 to 50% by weight and most preferably 5 to 20% by weight of repeat units derived from ester monomers having 16 to 40 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical.
• the nonpolar graft base of the polymer may have 0 to 80% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 60% by weight, more preferably 2 to 50% by weight and most preferably 5 to 20% by weight of repeat units derived from ester monomers having 16 to 40 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical.
• the nonpolar graft base of the polymer may have 0 to 80% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 60% by weight, more preferably 2 to 50% by weight and most preferably 5 to 20% by weight of repeat units derived from ester monomers having 16 to 40 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical.
• the nonpolar graft base of the polymer may have 0 to 80% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 60% by weight, more preferably
• ester groups may have 0 to 40% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 30% by weight and more preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight of repeat units derived from ester monomers having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical.
• the nonpolar graft base of the polymer comprising ester groups comprises preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 60% by weight, especially preferably at least 80% by weight and most preferably at least 90% by weight of repeat units derived from ester monomers.
• Mixtures from which the graft base of the useful polymers comprising ester groups or the statistical polymers are obtainable may contain 0 to 40% by weight, especially 0.1 to 30% by weight and more preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of the formula (I)
• R is hydrogen or methyl
• R is a linear or
• R' is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms .
• component (I) examples include
• (meth) acrylates , fumarates and maleates which derive from saturated alcohols, such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, iso-propyl
• cycloalkyl (meth) acrylates such as cyclopentyl
• R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen or a group of the formula -COOR' ' in which R' ' is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 7 to 15 carbon atoms.
• (meth) acrylates , fumarates and maleates which derive from saturated alcohols, such as 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, heptyl (meth) acrylate, 2-tert-butylheptyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, 3-isopropylheptyl (meth) acrylate, nonyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, undecyl
• saturated alcohols such as 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, heptyl (meth) acrylate, 2-tert-butylheptyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, 3-isopropylheptyl (meth) acrylate, nonyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, undecyl
• preferred monomer compositions for preparing the graft base or the statistical polymers comprise 0 to 80% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 60% by weight, more preferably 2 to 50% by weight and most preferably 5 to 20% by weight of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of the formula (III)
• fatty alcohols include Oxo Alcohol® 7911, Oxo Alcohol® 7900, Oxo Alcohol® 1100; Alfol® 610, Alfol® 810, Lial® 125 and Nafol® types (Sasol) ; Alphanol® 79 (ICI); Epal® 610 and Epal® 810 (Afton) ; Linevol® 79, Linevol® 911 and Neodol® 25E (Shell) ; Dehydad®, Hydrenol® and Lorol® types (Cognis); Acropol® 35 and Exxal® 10 (Exxon Chemicals); Kalcol® 2465 (Kao Chemicals) .
• the (meth) acrylates are particularly preferred over the ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds.
• R , R , R , R , R and R of the formulae (I), (II) and (III) are each hydrogen in
• the weight ratio of ester monomers of the formula (II) to the ester monomers of the formula (III) may be within a wide range.
• the ratio of ester compounds of the formula (II) which have 7 to 15 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical to the ester compounds of the formula (III) which have 16 to 40 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical is preferably in the range from 50:1 to 1:30, more preferably in the range from 10:1 to 1:3, especially preferably 5:1 to 1:1.
• vinyl halides for example vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene chloride and vinylidene fluoride;
• styrene substituted styrenes having an alkyl substituent in the side chain, for example a-methylstyrene and
• monomer mixtures for preparing the graft base may comprise dispersing monomers.
• the proportion of comonomers is preferably 0 to 50% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 40% by weight and most preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the monomer composition for preparing the graft base or the statistical polymers.
• Dispersing monomers have been used for some time for functionalizing polymeric additives in lubricant oils, and are therefore known to those skilled in the art (cf. R.M. Mortier, S.T. Orszulik (eds.) : “Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants", Blackie Academic & Professional, London, 2 nd ed. 1997) . Appropriately, it is possible to use especially heterocyclic vinyl compounds and/or ethylenically
• R is hydrogen or methyl
• X is oxygen, sulfur or an amino group of the formula -NH- or -NR a - in which R a is an alkyl radical having 1 to 40 and preferably 1 to 4 carbon
• R 11 and R 12 are each independently hydrogen or
• R is a radical comprising 1 to 100, preferably 1 to 30 and more preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, as dispersing monomers.
• the expression "radical comprising 2 to 1000 carbon” denotes radicals of organic compounds having 2 to 1000 carbon atoms. Similar definitions apply for corresponding terms. It encompasses aromatic and heteroaromatic groups, and alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, alkenyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl groups, and also heteroaliphatic groups. The groups mentioned may be branched or unbranched. In addition, these groups may have customary substituents.
• diphenyldimethylmethane bisphenone, diphenyl sulfone, thiophene, furan, pyrrole, thiazole, oxazole, imidazole, isothiazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole,
• benzotriazole dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, carbazole, pyridine, bipyridine, pyrazine, pyrazole, pyrimidine, pyridazine, 1, 3, 5-triazine, 1 , 2 , 4-triazine,
• quinolizine 4H-quinolizine, diphenyl ether, anthracene, benzopyrrole, benzoxathiadiazole, benzoxadiazole, benzo- pyridine, benzopyrazine, benzopyrazidine, benzopyrimidine, benzotriazine, indolizine, pyridopyridine,
• phenothiazine acridizine, benzopteridine, phenanthroline and phenanthrene, each of which may also optionally be substituted .
• the preferred alkyl groups include the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl , tert- butyl radical, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl , 1 , 1-dimethylpropyl , hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 1 , 1 , 3 , 3-tetramethylbutyl , nonyl,
• the preferred cycloalkyl groups include the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the cyclooctyl group, each of which is optionally substituted with branched or unbranched alkyl groups.
• the preferred alkanoyl groups include the formyl, acetyl, propionyl, 2-methylpropionyl , butyryl, valeroyl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl, decanoyl and the dodecanoyl group.
• the preferred alkoxy groups include alkoxy groups whose hydrocarbon radical is one of the aforementioned preferred alkyl groups.
• the preferred cycloalkoxy groups include cycloalkoxy groups whose hydrocarbon radical is one of the aforementioned preferred cycloalkyl groups.
• the preferred heteroatoms which are present in the R 10 radical include oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, boron, silicon and phosphorus, preference being given to oxygen and nitrogen .
• the R 10 radical comprises at least one, preferably at least two, preferentially at least three, heteroatoms.
• the R radical m ester compounds of the formula (IV) preferably has at least 2 different heteroatoms.
• compounds of the formula (IV) may comprise at least one nitrogen atom and at least one oxygen atom.
• heterocyclic vinyl compounds are used as dispersing monomers. Surprisingly, the heterocyclic vinyl compounds show improved properties in view of other dispersing monomers.
• the preferred heterocyclic vinyl compounds include
• ester groups comprise polymers being obtained using N-vinyl-2- pyrrolidine and/or N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone .
• these repeat units preferably form a segment-like structure within the polymer comprising ester groups, such that preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the dispersing repeat units, are part of a graft layer.
• polyalkyl (meth) acrylat may have a weight-average molecular weight M w in the range from 2000 to 1 000 000 g/mol, especially from 20 000 to 800 000 g/mol, more preferably 40 000 to 500 000 g/mol and most preferably 60 000 to
• ester group containing polymer preferably a
• polymers which comprise ester groups and whose polydispersity index M w /M n is in the range from 1 to 5, more preferably in the range from 1.05 to 4.
• the number-average and weight-average molecular weights can be determined by known processes, for example gel
• the polymer comprising ester groups may have a variety of structures.
• the polymer may especially be present as a graft copolymer.
• the polymers comprising ester groups for use in accordance with the invention can be obtained in various ways.
• a preferred process consists in free-radical graft
• the ester group containing polymer preferably is a graft copolymer having an nonpolar alkyl (meth) acrylate polymer as graft base and an dispersing monomer as graft layer.
• Suitable chain transferers are in particular oil- soluble mercaptans, for example n-dodecyl mercaptan or 2- mercaptoethanol , or else chain transferers from the class of the terpenes, for example terpinolene.
• the polymerization may be carried out at standard pressure, reduced pressure or elevated pressure.
• the polymerization temperature too is uncritical. However, it is generally in the range of -20° - 200°C, preferably 50° - 150°C and more preferably 80° - 130°C.
• the polymerization may be carried out with or without solvent.
• solvent is to be understood here in a broad sense.
• the solvent is selected according to the polarity of the monomers used, preference being given to using 100N oil, relatively light gas oil and/or aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene or xylene.
• the lubricant used in the motor of the present invention includes base oil.
• Preferred base oils include especially mineral oils, synthetic oils and natural oils.
• Mineral oils are known per se and commercially available. They are generally obtained from mineral oil or crude oil by distillation and/or refining and optionally further purification and finishing processes, the term mineral oil including in particular the higher-boiling fractions of crude or mineral oil. In general, the boiling point of mineral oil is higher than 200°C, preferably higher than 300°C, at 5000 Pa. The production by low-temperature carbonization of shale oil, coking of bituminous coal, distillation of brown coal with exclusion of air, and also hydrogenation of bituminous or brown coal is likewise possible. Accordingly, mineral oils have, depending on their origin, different proportions of aromatic, cyclic, branched and linear hydrocarbons.
• paraffins and compounds having heteroatoms, in particular 0, N and/or S, to which a degree of polar properties are attributed.
• the assignment is difficult, since individual alkane molecules may have both long-chain branched groups and cycloalkane radicals, and aromatic parts.
• the assignment can be effected to DIN 51 378, for example.
• Polar fractions can also be determined to ASTM D 2007.
• the proportion of n-alkanes in preferred mineral oils is less than 3% by weight, the fraction of 0-, N- and/or S-containing compounds less than 6% by weight.
• the fraction of the aromatics and of the mono-methyl-branched paraffins is generally in each case in the range from 0 to 40% by weight.
• mineral oil comprises mainly naphthenic and paraffin-base alkanes which have generally more than 13, preferably more than 18 and most preferably more than 20 carbon atoms.
• the fraction of these compounds is generally > 60% by weight, preferably > 80% by weight, without any intention that this should impose a restriction.
• n-alkanes having approx. 18 to 31 carbon atoms having approx. 18 to 31 carbon atoms:
• An improved class of mineral oils results from hydrogen treatment of the mineral oils (hydroisomerization r hydrocracking, hydrotreatment , hydrofinishing) . In the presence of hydrogen, this
• Dresel eds.: "Lubricants and Lubrication", Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2001; R.M. Mortier, S.T. Orszulik (eds.) :
• Synthetic oils include organic esters, for example diesters and polyesters, polyalkylene glycols, polyethers, synthetic hydrocarbons, especially polyolefins, among which
• the lubricant oil in addition to the polymers comprising ester groups for use in accordance with the invention, the lubricant oil
• (meth) acrylates having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alcohol group.
• Appropriate dispersants include poly ( isobutylene ) deri ⁇ vatives, e.g. poly ( isobutylene ) succinimides (PIBSIs);
• the preferred detergents include metal-containing
• these compounds for example phenoxides; salicylates; thio- phosphonates , especially thiopyrophosphonates, thio- phosphonates and phosphonates ; sulfonates and carbonates.
• these compounds may comprise especially calcium, magnesium and barium.
• defoamers which are in many cases divided into silicone-containing and silicone-free defoamers.
• the silicone-containing defoamers include linear poly (dimethylsiloxane) and cyclic
• thioglycols, thioaldehydes sulfur-containing carboxylic acids; heterocyclic sulfur/nitrogen compounds, especially dialkyldimercaptothiadiazoles , 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles ; zinc and methylene bis (dialkyldithiocarbamate) ; organophos- phorus compounds, for example triaryl and trialkyl
• a further preferred group of additives is that of friction modifiers.
• the friction modifiers used may include
• Preferred lubricant oil compositions have a viscosity, measured at 40°C to ASTM D 445, in the range of 10 to
• the kinematic viscosity KVioo measured at 100°C is
• preferred lubricant oil compositions have a viscosity index
• ASTM D 2270 in the range of 100 to 400, more preferably in the range of 125 to 325 and most preferably in the range of 150 to 250.
• lubricant compositions for the use in the motor of the present invention may preferably comprise a High Temperature High Shear (HTHS) viscosity of at least 2.4 mPas, more preferably at least 2.6 mPas as measured at 150°C according to ASTM D4683.
• HTHS High Temperature High Shear
• the lubricant may preferably comprise a High Temperature High Shear (HTHS) viscosity of at least 2.4 mPas, more preferably at least 2.6 mPas as measured at 150°C according to ASTM D4683.
• HTHS High Temperature High Shear
• HTHS High Temperature High Shear
• HTHSioo High Temperature High Shear
• HTHS150 High Temperature High Shear
• HTHS 1 00/HTHS150 preferably comprises at most at most 2.0 mPas, especially at most 1.9 mPas .
• High Temperature High Shear (HTHS) viscosity can be determined according to
• the lubricant useful for the present invention can be any suitable lubricant useful for the present invention.
• the lubricant composition meets the gasoline engine oil quality specifications I LSAC ' s GF-5, especially the emulsion retention bench test stating that a mixture of formulated oil (80%), E85 fuel (10%), and water (10%) must form a stable emulsion for at least 24 hours after mixing at 0 and 25 °C. Consequently, the lubricant of the present invention may contain at least about 1 %, especially at least 5 %, particularly at least 10 % by volume of water.
• the present invention provides a lubricant forming highly stable emulsions with water. Therefore, a specific aspect of the present invention is the use of polymers having a high polarity as emulsion stabilizer in lubricants .
• N1214MA methacrylic acid ester of NAFOL1214
• nDDM n-dodecylmercapton
• tBPO t-butylperoctoate

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
• Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
• Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
• Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

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• 2011
  • 2011-08-23 US US13/878,825 patent/US20130199482A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-08-23 CN CN2011800496567A patent/CN103249820A/zh active Pending
  • 2011-08-23 WO PCT/EP2011/064412 patent/WO2012048931A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2011-08-23 EP EP11748640.7A patent/EP2627742A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-08-23 KR KR1020137012275A patent/KR20130108597A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2011-08-23 JP JP2013533135A patent/JP2014501795A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-08-23 SG SG2013024807A patent/SG189247A1/en unknown
  • 2011-08-23 BR BR112013008876A patent/BR112013008876A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-08-23 CA CA2814558A patent/CA2814558A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-08-23 RU RU2013121690/04A patent/RU2013121690A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation

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