EP2622678A1 - Compact high-gain antenna - Google Patents

Compact high-gain antenna

Info

Publication number
EP2622678A1
EP2622678A1 EP11763686.0A EP11763686A EP2622678A1 EP 2622678 A1 EP2622678 A1 EP 2622678A1 EP 11763686 A EP11763686 A EP 11763686A EP 2622678 A1 EP2622678 A1 EP 2622678A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna elements
radiating
substrate
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11763686.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Eduardo Motta Cruz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bouygues Telecom SA
Original Assignee
Bouygues Telecom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bouygues Telecom SA filed Critical Bouygues Telecom SA
Publication of EP2622678A1 publication Critical patent/EP2622678A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of panel antennas, in particular those used in cellular networks.
  • the base stations in English, “Base Transceiver Station”, (BTS) are subject to significant constraints of height adjustment (churches' lampshades, bas-reliefs of the facades of protected buildings, etc.).
  • cellular networks use antennas with high isotropic gain to maximize their radio range. These gains are achieved through panels with heights that commonly vary between 1.2 m for the 1800/2100 MHz band and 2.4 m for the 900 MHz band.
  • a panel antenna comprises in known manner a plurality of antenna elements arranged in a vertical row on a substrate.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a panel antenna of known type.
  • the antenna elements Ei are supplied for example in a tree structure: the adjacent antenna elements E t are connected in pairs by means of a first power supply line Li to form four pairs of antenna elements.
  • the pairs are further connected in pairs by means of a second feed line L 2 to form two quadruplets of antenna elements and the quadruplets are finally connected to each other by means of a third feed line L 3 . It is noted that the supply lines are defined between two access points Ai of each antenna element 3 ⁇ 4.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b respectively show a top view and a profile view of an antenna element Ei disposed on the substrate 1.
  • the antenna element Ei disposed on the substrate forms a radiating source known under the name of "patch”.
  • the dielectric substrate 1 1 has a dielectric constant ⁇ 1 and is arranged on a ground plane P, the antenna element Et being disposed on the substrate 1 1.
  • the antenna element Ei is disposed on the dielectric substrate 11 connected to a connector Ai for supplying the antenna element Ei.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b show the ratio between the gain of the antenna and its height for two main frequency bands used in cellular networks (the 880-960 MHz band, called “900 MHz” band and the 1710-2170 band). MHz, called “2100 MHz”) at the center frequency of the frequency band of the antenna.
  • MHz called “2100 MHz”
  • the height of the antenna is imposed by the number of antenna elements Ei.
  • the more the antenna has a significant gain the more the number of necessary elements is important and the larger the antenna.
  • An object of the invention is to be able to increase the gain of an antenna without having to increase the size of the antenna.
  • Another object of the invention is to be able to reduce the height of an antenna without decreasing the gain of the antenna.
  • the invention relates to a panel antenna comprising a ground plane, a dielectric substrate, having a permittivity, the substrate being disposed on the ground plane, at least one radiating source, each radiating source consisting of a plurality of antenna elements, the antenna elements being disposed on the substrate and are further arranged consecutively with one another at a spacing of a distance less than a wavelength ⁇ , the corresponding wavelength ⁇ at the frequency of operation of the antenna.
  • the antenna of the invention is characterized in that it further comprises a dielectric superstrate, having a permittivity greater than the permittivity of the substrate, the superstrate being disposed above the antenna elements and in that the elements antennas are all identical and have in operation identical radiation characteristics.
  • the arrangement of the antenna elements constituting each radiating source makes it possible to obtain a reduction in the constant gain height or to obtain a gain increase at a constant height.
  • the antenna further comprises a dielectric superstrate, having a permittivity greater than the permittivity of the substrate, the superstrate being disposed on the antenna elements.
  • each radiating source comprises four antenna elements connected step by step in pairs by means of a first line supply, said pairs being connected to each other by means of a second power supply line, the second supply line comprising in its center an access point of the radiating source adapted for power supply. said radiating source;
  • each radiant source comprises a plurality of radiating sources, the radiating sources being arranged relative to each other in such a way that their access points are spaced apart by a distance equal to the distance between two antenna elements, each radiant source having identical radiation characteristics;
  • the antenna elements are arranged relative to each other with a spacing of e equal to ds (Nl) / N, where ds is the distance between two access points of two radiating sources and N is the number of antenna elements of each radiating source;
  • each radiating source preferably comprises between two and six antenna elements
  • the antenna elements are patches having a shape chosen from the following group: square, equilateral triangle, ellipsoidal;
  • the antenna elements are derived from the following technologies: horns or antennae flairs;
  • the invention also relates to a cellular communication network comprising a panel antenna according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a panel antenna according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a panel antenna according to a second embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b respectively show a view from above and a profile view of an antenna element of the antenna of the invention
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an elementary source according to the invention
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a known type of panel antenna having in operation the same gain as the antenna according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a panel antenna of known type having the same height as the antenna according to the second embodiment of the invention.
  • antenna element means a radiating element having a conductive body, preferably flat.
  • radio source means the combination of several antenna elements.
  • panel antenna means a planar antenna comprising a plurality of antenna elements.
  • the panel antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 11 having a permittivity ! , the substrate 11 being disposed on a plane P of mass.
  • the panel antenna comprises at least one radiating source Si.
  • Each radiating source Si consists of a plurality of antenna elements Ey disposed relative to one another consecutively. Two consecutive antenna elements are spaced a distance E less than the wavelength ⁇ , the wavelength ⁇ corresponding to the antenna operating frequency.
  • the antenna of Figure 4 comprises two radiating sources Si, S 2 and the antenna of Figure 5 comprises six radiating sources.
  • each radiating source Si comprises four antenna elements En, E i2 , E i3 , E i4 connected, for example, in a pairwise arborescence by means of a first supply line Li.
  • Each antenna element comprises an access point Ay for the connection of the paired antenna elements via the power line Li.
  • the pairs of antenna elements Ey are connected by means of a second supply line L 2 .
  • the second power supply line L 2 comprises, at its center, an access point Ai of the radiating source Si.
  • Such an access point Ai is suitable for supplying the radiating source Si to which it relates.
  • the antenna of FIG. 5 comprising six radiating sources, thus comprises six access points Ai, A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , A 6 .
  • the radiating sources Si are arranged relative to one another so that their access points Ai are spaced apart by a distance equal to the distance ds between two consecutive access points of two radiating sources Si.
  • the antenna elements Ey of a radiating source Si are arranged with respect to one another with a spacing d e equal to ds (Nl) / N, where ds is the distance between the radiating sources Si and N is the number of antenna elements Ey of each radiating source Si.
  • the distance d e is the distance between two consecutive access points Ay of each antenna element Ey.
  • each radiating source Si comprises four radiating elements Ey.
  • the antenna comprises (those of Figures 4 and 5) further a dielectric superstrate 12 having a permittivity ⁇ 2 greater than the permittivity ⁇ 1 of the substrate 11 which is arranged on the antenna elements Ey.
  • the antenna element Ey is thus immersed in a medium with a high permittivity which makes it possible to reduce the size of the element of antenna to reduce its operating wavelength, or rather to keep it and reduce its physical size.
  • the use of the superstrate 12 makes it possible to maintain radiation characteristics identical to an antenna element of greater height.
  • a resistor R is connected between the ground plane P and each antenna element Ey (see FIGS. 6a and 6b).
  • the resistance R is typically equal to one Ohm.
  • This resistor R serves to short-circuit one of the radiating sides of the antenna element. This short-circuit serves to transform the radiating element of size ⁇ / 2, consisting of two monopoles, each of size ⁇ / 4 on each side of the dipole, into a single monopole of size ⁇ / 4 and consequently allows to divide by two the electrical dimensions of the radiating element.
  • This resistor R also makes it possible to substantially increase the bandwidth of the antenna in its resonant behavior.
  • the permittivity ⁇ 1 is for example between 1 and 4 and is preferably equal to 2.2 and the permittivity ⁇ 2 is for example between 10 and 50 and is preferably equal to 30.
  • the side of the antenna element Ei is of 94 mm dimension while the side of the antenna element Ey (with the superstrate) has a dimension of 21.5 mm.
  • elements of Ey square antennas in the shape of an equilateral triangle or in ellipsoidal form, or else derived from the following technologies: cones or wired antennas which make it possible, by their small size or small radiating aperture, the association of sources.
  • the antenna illustrated in FIG. 4 makes it possible to reduce the height of a known type of panel antenna while conserving the same gain of 17 dBi.
  • Each radiating source has a gain of 14dBi in operation so that the antenna of FIG. 4 has a gain of 17dBi in operation.
  • the radiating sources Si and S 2 each having an access point Ai, A 2 are nested along the longitudinal axis of the antenna (see FIG. 4) so that the access points Ai of the sources Si are discarded. from the same distance ds.
  • each access point is arranged on a side opposite to the next access point.
  • the distance between two consecutive radiating elements belonging to two different radiant sources varies between ds / N and ds (N-1) / N, ie between 0.225 ⁇ and 0.675 ⁇ .
  • the antenna illustrated in FIG. 5 makes it possible to increase the gain of the antenna while maintaining the same height as a known type of panel antenna.
  • It comprises six radiating sources, each composed of four antenna elements (see Figure 7).
  • each radiating source has in operation a gain of 14 dBi so that the antenna of FIG. present in operation a gain of 21.8 dBi instead of 17 dBi obtained by the antenna of the same height as illustrated in Figure 9 (height equal to 7.2 ⁇ ).
  • the radiating sources each having an access point A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , A 6 are nested along the longitudinal axis of the antenna (see FIG. 5) so that the access points Ai of the sources Si are separated from the same distance ds.
  • each access point is arranged on a side opposite to the next access point.
  • the distance between two consecutive radiating elements belonging to two different radiant sources varies between ds / N and ds (N-1) / N, ie between 0.225 ⁇ and 0.675 ⁇ .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a panel antenna comprising: a ground plane (P); a dielectric substrate (11) having a permittivity (e1), the substrate (11) being located on the ground plane (P); at least one radiating source (Si), each radiating source consisting of a plurality of antenna elements (Eij), the antenna elements (Eij) being located on the substrate (11) and furthermore consecutively spaced apart, relative to one another, by a distance (de) shorter than one wavelength ?, the wavelength ? corresponding to the antenna operating frequency. The antenna is characterized in that it furthermore comprises a dielectric superstrate (12) having a permittivity (e2) higher than the permittivity (e1) of the substrate (11), the superstrate being located above the antenna elements (Eij), and in that the antenna elements (Eij) are all identical and have, in operation, identical radiation characteristics.

Description

ANTENNE COMPACTE A FORT GAIN  STRONG GAIN COMPACT ANTENNA
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE GENERAL GENERAL TECHNICAL FIELD
L'invention concerne le domaine des antennes panneaux, notamment celles utilisées dans des réseaux cellulaires.  The invention relates to the field of panel antennas, in particular those used in cellular networks.
ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE STATE OF THE ART
Les stations de base (en anglais, « Base Transceiver Station », (BTS)) sont soumises à d'importantes contraintes d'aménagement en hauteur (abat-sons des églises, bas-reliefs des façades de bâtiments protégés, etc).  The base stations (in English, "Base Transceiver Station", (BTS)) are subject to significant constraints of height adjustment (churches' lampshades, bas-reliefs of the facades of protected buildings, etc.).
Actuellement, les réseaux cellulaires font appel à des antennes à fort gain isotrope afin de maximiser leur portée radio. Ces gains sont obtenus grâce à des panneaux avec des hauteurs qui varient couramment entre 1,2 m pour la bande 1800/2100 MHz et 2,4 m pour la bande 900 MHz.  Currently, cellular networks use antennas with high isotropic gain to maximize their radio range. These gains are achieved through panels with heights that commonly vary between 1.2 m for the 1800/2100 MHz band and 2.4 m for the 900 MHz band.
Une antenne panneau comprend de manière connue une pluralité d'éléments d'antennes disposés en rangée verticale sur un substrat.  A panel antenna comprises in known manner a plurality of antenna elements arranged in a vertical row on a substrate.
La figure 1 illustre une antenne panneau de type connu.  Figure 1 illustrates a panel antenna of known type.
L'antenne panneau de la figure 1 comprend huit éléments d'antennes Et (i=l à 8) disposés sur un substrat 11, chaque élément d'antenne Ei comprend un point d'accès Ai et sont espacés d'une distance de d'environ 0,9λ, λ étant la longueur d'onde dans le vide à la fréquence centrale de la bande de fréquences de l'antenne. La distance est entendue entre deux points d'accès Ai des éléments d'antennes Et. The panel antenna of FIG. 1 comprises eight antenna elements E t (i = 1 to 8) arranged on a substrate 11, each antenna element Ei comprises an access point Ai and are spaced apart by a distance d e about 0.9λ, λ being the wavelength in the vacuum at the center frequency of the frequency band of the antenna. The distance is heard between two access points Ai of antenna elements E t .
Les éléments d'antennes Ei sont alimentés par exemple en arborescence : les éléments d'antennes Et contigus sont connectés deux à deux au moyen d'une première ligne d'alimentation Li pour former quatre paires d'éléments d'antennes. The antenna elements Ei are supplied for example in a tree structure: the adjacent antenna elements E t are connected in pairs by means of a first power supply line Li to form four pairs of antenna elements.
Les paires sont en outre connectées deux à deux au moyen d'une seconde ligne d'alimentation L2 pour former deux quadruplets d'éléments d'antennes et les quadruplets sont enfin connectés entre eux au moyen d'une troisième ligne d'alimentation L3. On note que les lignes d'alimentation sont définies entre deux points d'accès Ai de chaque élément d'antenne ¾. The pairs are further connected in pairs by means of a second feed line L 2 to form two quadruplets of antenna elements and the quadruplets are finally connected to each other by means of a third feed line L 3 . It is noted that the supply lines are defined between two access points Ai of each antenna element ¾.
Les figures 2a et 2b illustrent respectivement une vue de dessus et une vue de profil d'un élément d'antenne Ei disposé sur le substrat 1 1. L'élément d'antenne Ei disposé sur le substrat forme une source rayonnante connue sous le nom de « patch ».  FIGS. 2a and 2b respectively show a top view and a profile view of an antenna element Ei disposed on the substrate 1. The antenna element Ei disposed on the substrate forms a radiating source known under the name of "patch".
Le substrat 1 1 diélectrique a une constante ε1 diélectrique et est disposé sur un plan de masse P, l'élément d'antenne Et étant disposé sur le substrat 1 1. The dielectric substrate 1 1 has a dielectric constant ε 1 and is arranged on a ground plane P, the antenna element Et being disposed on the substrate 1 1.
L'élément d'antenne Ei est disposé sur le substrat 11 diélectrique connecté à un connecteur Ai pour alimenter l'élément d'antenne Ei.  The antenna element Ei is disposed on the dielectric substrate 11 connected to a connector Ai for supplying the antenna element Ei.
Chaque élément d'antenne Ei présente en fonctionnement un gain unitaire d'environ 8dBi, l'antenne de la figure 1 présente donc un gain de 8dBi+101og(8)=17dBi pour une hauteur de 8 x 0,9λ=7,2λ.  Each antenna element Ei has in operation a unity gain of approximately 8dBi, the antenna of FIG. 1 thus has a gain of 8dBi + 101og (8) = 17dBi for a height of 8 x 0.9λ = 7.2λ .
Les tableaux des figures 3a et 3b montrent le rapport entre le gain de l'antenne et sa hauteur pour deux principales bandes de fréquences utilisées dans les réseaux cellulaires (la bande 880-960 MHz, dite « 900 MHz » et la bande 1710-2170 MHz, dite « 2100 MHz ») à la fréquence centrale de la bande de fréquences de l'antenne. On constate notamment que pour passer d'un gain de 15dBi à 17dBi il faut environ doubler la hauteur de l'antenne pour une fréquence centrale donnée.  The tables of FIGS. 3a and 3b show the ratio between the gain of the antenna and its height for two main frequency bands used in cellular networks (the 880-960 MHz band, called "900 MHz" band and the 1710-2170 band). MHz, called "2100 MHz") at the center frequency of the frequency band of the antenna. We note that to go from a gain of 15dBi to 17dBi it is necessary to double the height of the antenna for a given center frequency.
On comprend donc que la hauteur de l'antenne est imposée par le nombre d'éléments d'antenne Ei. Ainsi, plus l'antenne possède un gain important, plus le nombre d'éléments nécessaires est important et plus l'antenne est grande.  It is therefore understood that the height of the antenna is imposed by the number of antenna elements Ei. Thus, the more the antenna has a significant gain, the more the number of necessary elements is important and the larger the antenna.
Ceci n'est pas sans problème puisque la tendance actuelle est d'imposer des hauteurs maximales pour les antennes panneau voire des réductions de hauteur.  This is not without problem since the current trend is to impose maximum heights for panel antennas or even reductions in height.
On connaît une solution pour diminuer la taille d'une antenne panneau qui consiste à supprimer des éléments d'antennes Ei. Or une telle suppression conduit à une perte en termes de gain d'antenne et donc une dégradation des performances de l'antenne. PRESENTATION DE L'INVENTION There is known a solution for reducing the size of a panel antenna which consists of removing antenna elements Ei. However, such deletion leads to a loss in terms of antenna gain and therefore a degradation of the antenna performance. PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
Un objectif de l'invention est de pouvoir augmenter le gain d'une antenne sans avoir à augmenter la taille de l'antenne.  An object of the invention is to be able to increase the gain of an antenna without having to increase the size of the antenna.
Un autre objectif de l'invention est de pouvoir réduire la hauteur d'une antenne sans diminution du gain de l'antenne.  Another object of the invention is to be able to reduce the height of an antenna without decreasing the gain of the antenna.
Ainsi, l'invention concerne une antenne panneau comprenant un plan de masse, un substrat diélectrique, ayant une permittivité, le substrat étant disposé sur le plan de masse, au moins une source rayonnante, chaque source rayonnante étant constituée d'une pluralité d'éléments d'antennes, les éléments d'antennes étant disposés sur le substrat et sont en outre disposés les uns par rapport aux autres consécutivement avec un espacement d'une distance inférieure à une longueur d'onde λ, la longueur d'onde λ correspondant à la fréquence de fonctionnement de l'antenne.  Thus, the invention relates to a panel antenna comprising a ground plane, a dielectric substrate, having a permittivity, the substrate being disposed on the ground plane, at least one radiating source, each radiating source consisting of a plurality of antenna elements, the antenna elements being disposed on the substrate and are further arranged consecutively with one another at a spacing of a distance less than a wavelength λ, the corresponding wavelength λ at the frequency of operation of the antenna.
L'antenne de l'invention est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre un superstrat diélectrique, ayant une permittivité supérieure à la permittivité du substrat, le superstrat étant disposé au-dessus des éléments d'antennes et en ce que les éléments d'antennes sont tous identiques et possèdent en fonctionnement des caractéristiques de rayonnement identiques.  The antenna of the invention is characterized in that it further comprises a dielectric superstrate, having a permittivity greater than the permittivity of the substrate, the superstrate being disposed above the antenna elements and in that the elements antennas are all identical and have in operation identical radiation characteristics.
L'arrangement des éléments d'antenne constituant chaque source rayonnante permet d'obtenir une réduction de la hauteur à gain constant soit d'obtenir une augmentation du gain à hauteur constante.  The arrangement of the antenna elements constituting each radiating source makes it possible to obtain a reduction in the constant gain height or to obtain a gain increase at a constant height.
De préférence, l'antenne comprend en outre un superstrat diélectrique, ayant une permittivité supérieure à la permittivité du substrat, le superstrat étant disposé sur les éléments d'antennes.  Preferably, the antenna further comprises a dielectric superstrate, having a permittivity greater than the permittivity of the substrate, the superstrate being disposed on the antenna elements.
L'association du superstrat avec l'arrangement des éléments d'antenne permet d'obtenir soit la réduction de la hauteur à gain constant soit une augmentation du gain à hauteur constante.  The association of the superstrate with the arrangement of the antenna elements makes it possible to obtain either the reduction in the constant gain height or an increase in the gain at a constant height.
L'invention est avantageusement complétée par les caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou en une quelconque de leur combinaison techniquement possible :  The invention is advantageously completed by the following features, taken alone or in any of their technically possible combination:
- chaque source rayonnante comprend quatre éléments d'antennes connectés de proche en proche par paires au moyen d'une première ligne d'alimentation, lesdites paires étant connectées l'une à l'autre au moyen d'une seconde ligne d'alimentation, la seconde ligne d'alimentation comprenant en son centre un point d'accès de la source rayonnante adapté pour l'alimentation de ladite source rayonnante ; - each radiating source comprises four antenna elements connected step by step in pairs by means of a first line supply, said pairs being connected to each other by means of a second power supply line, the second supply line comprising in its center an access point of the radiating source adapted for power supply. said radiating source;
- elle comprend une pluralité de sources rayonnantes, les sources rayonnantes étant disposées l'une par rapport à l'autre de manière telle que leurs points d'accès sont espacés d'une distance égale à la distance entre deux éléments d'antennes, chaque source rayonnante possédant des caractéristiques de rayonnements identiques ;  it comprises a plurality of radiating sources, the radiating sources being arranged relative to each other in such a way that their access points are spaced apart by a distance equal to the distance between two antenna elements, each radiant source having identical radiation characteristics;
- les éléments d'antennes sont disposés les uns par rapport aux autres avec un espacement de égal à ds(N-l)/N, où ds est la distance entre deux points d'accès de deux sources rayonnantes et N est le nombre d'éléments d'antennes de chaque source rayonnante ; - the antenna elements are arranged relative to each other with a spacing of e equal to ds (Nl) / N, where ds is the distance between two access points of two radiating sources and N is the number of antenna elements of each radiating source;
- chaque source rayonnante comprend préférentiellement entre deux et six éléments d'antennes ;  each radiating source preferably comprises between two and six antenna elements;
- les éléments d'antennes sont des patchs ayant une forme choisie parmi le groupe suivante : carrée, triangle équilatéral, ellipsoïdale ;  the antenna elements are patches having a shape chosen from the following group: square, equilateral triangle, ellipsoidal;
- les éléments d'antennes sont issus des technologies suivantes : cornets ou antennes flaires ;  - The antenna elements are derived from the following technologies: horns or antennae flairs;
- elle comprend une résistance connectée entre le plan de masse et chaque élément d'antenne.  it comprises a resistor connected between the ground plane and each antenna element.
L'invention concerne également un réseau de communication cellulaire comprenant une antenne panneau selon l'invention.  The invention also relates to a cellular communication network comprising a panel antenna according to the invention.
PRESENTATION DES FIGURES PRESENTATION OF FIGURES
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront encore de la description qui suit laquelle est purement illustrative et non limitative et doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels outres les figures 1, 2a, 2b, 3a et 3b déjà discutées : - la figure 4 illustre une antenne panneau conforme à un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ; Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows, which is purely illustrative and nonlimiting, and should be read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which FIGS. 1, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b already discussed: FIG. 4 illustrates a panel antenna according to a first embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 5 illustre une antenne panneau conforme à un second mode de réalisation de l'invention ;  FIG. 5 illustrates a panel antenna according to a second embodiment of the invention;
- les figures 6a et 6b illustrent respectivement une vue de dessus et une vue de profil d'un élément d'antenne de l'antenne de l'invention ; FIGS. 6a and 6b respectively show a view from above and a profile view of an antenna element of the antenna of the invention;
- la figure 7 illustre une source élémentaire conforme à l'invention ; FIG. 7 illustrates an elementary source according to the invention;
- la figure 8 illustre une antenne panneau de type connu présentant en fonctionnement un même gain que l'antenne conforme au premier mode de réalisation de l'invention. ;  - Figure 8 illustrates a known type of panel antenna having in operation the same gain as the antenna according to the first embodiment of the invention. ;
- la figure 9 illustre une antenne panneau de type connu ayant la même hauteur que l'antenne conforme au seconde mode de réalisation de l'invention.  FIG. 9 illustrates a panel antenna of known type having the same height as the antenna according to the second embodiment of the invention.
Sur l'ensemble des figures, les éléments similaires portent des références numériques identiques.  In all the figures, similar elements bear identical reference numerals.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
On décrit ci-dessous deux modes de réalisation de l'invention en relation avec les figures 4 à 9.  Two embodiments of the invention in relation to FIGS. 4 to 9 are described below.
On entend par « élément d'antenne » un élément rayonnant ayant un corps conducteur, de préférence plat.  The term "antenna element" means a radiating element having a conductive body, preferably flat.
On entend par « source rayonnante » l'association de plusieurs éléments d'antennes.  The term "radiating source" means the combination of several antenna elements.
On entend par « antenne panneau » une antenne planaire comprenant plusieurs éléments d'antennes.  The term "panel antenna" means a planar antenna comprising a plurality of antenna elements.
Pour chaque mode de réalisation, l'antenne panneau comprend un substrat 11 diélectrique ayant une permittivitée!, le substrat 11 étant disposé sur un plan P de masse. En outre, l'antenne panneau comprend au moins une source rayonnante Si. For each embodiment, the panel antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 11 having a permittivity ! , the substrate 11 being disposed on a plane P of mass. In addition, the panel antenna comprises at least one radiating source Si.
Chaque source rayonnante Si est constituée d'une pluralité d'éléments d'antennes Ey disposés les uns par rapport aux autres consécutivement. Deux éléments d'antennes consécutifs sont espacés d'une distance de inférieure à la longueur d'onde λ, la longueur d'onde λ correspondant à la fréquence de fonctionnement de l'antenne. Each radiating source Si consists of a plurality of antenna elements Ey disposed relative to one another consecutively. Two consecutive antenna elements are spaced a distance E less than the wavelength λ, the wavelength λ corresponding to the antenna operating frequency.
L'antenne de la figure 4 comprend deux sources rayonnantes Si, S2 et l'antenne de la figure 5 comprend six sources rayonnantes. The antenna of Figure 4 comprises two radiating sources Si, S 2 and the antenna of Figure 5 comprises six radiating sources.
De manière avantageuse, chaque source rayonnante Si comprend quatre éléments d'antennes En, Ei2, Ei3, Ei4 connectés par exemple en arborescence par paires au moyen d'une première ligne d'alimentation Li. Advantageously, each radiating source Si comprises four antenna elements En, E i2 , E i3 , E i4 connected, for example, in a pairwise arborescence by means of a first supply line Li.
Chaque élément d'antenne comprend un point d'accès Ay pour la connexion des éléments d'antennes par paire par l'intermédiaire de la ligne d'alimentation Li.  Each antenna element comprises an access point Ay for the connection of the paired antenna elements via the power line Li.
Les paires d'élément d'antennes Ey sont connectées au moyen d'une seconde ligne d'alimentation L2. La seconde ligne d'alimentation L2 comprend, en son centre, un point d'accès Ai de la source rayonnante Si. Un tel point d'accès Ai est adapté pour l'alimentation de la source rayonnante Si auquel il se rapporte. The pairs of antenna elements Ey are connected by means of a second supply line L 2 . The second power supply line L 2 comprises, at its center, an access point Ai of the radiating source Si. Such an access point Ai is suitable for supplying the radiating source Si to which it relates.
Comme on le comprend, il y a autant de point d'accès Ai que de sources rayonnantes Si. Ainsi l'antenne de la figure 5 comprenant six sources rayonnantes, comprend donc six points d'accès Ai, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6. As it is understood, there is as much access point Ai as radiating sources Si. Thus the antenna of FIG. 5 comprising six radiating sources, thus comprises six access points Ai, A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , A 6 .
Les sources rayonnantes Si sont disposées l'une par rapport à l'autre de manière telle que leurs points d'accès Ai sont espacés d'une distance égale à la distance ds entre deux points d'accès consécutifs de deux sources rayonnantes Si.  The radiating sources Si are arranged relative to one another so that their access points Ai are spaced apart by a distance equal to the distance ds between two consecutive access points of two radiating sources Si.
En outre, les éléments Ey d'antennes d'une source rayonnante Si sont disposés les uns par rapport aux autres avec un espacement de égal à ds(N-l)/N, où ds est la distance entre les sources rayonnantes Si et N est le nombre d'éléments d'antennes Ey de chaque source rayonnante Si. La distance de est quant à elle la distance entre deux points d'accès Ay consécutifs de chaque élément d'antenne Ey. In addition, the antenna elements Ey of a radiating source Si are arranged with respect to one another with a spacing d e equal to ds (Nl) / N, where ds is the distance between the radiating sources Si and N is the number of antenna elements Ey of each radiating source Si. The distance d e is the distance between two consecutive access points Ay of each antenna element Ey.
De manière plus précise, en définissant un axe principal passant par les centres de symétrie de chaque élément d'antenne, les points d'accès Ay de chaque élément d'antenne sont situés sur un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe principal, les première et seconde lignes d'alimentation Li, L2 sont parallèles à l'axe principal. De manière préférée, chaque source rayonnante Si comprend quatre éléments rayonnants Ey. More specifically, by defining a principal axis passing through the centers of symmetry of each antenna element, the access points Ay of each antenna element are located on an axis perpendicular to the main axis, the first and second supply lines Li, L 2 are parallel to the main axis. Preferably, each radiating source Si comprises four radiating elements Ey.
En outre, l'antenne comprend (celles des figures 4 et 5) en outre un superstrat 12 diélectrique ayant une permittivité ε2 supérieure à la permittivité ε1 du substrat 11 qui est disposé sur les éléments d'antennes Ey. In addition, the antenna comprises (those of Figures 4 and 5) further a dielectric superstrate 12 having a permittivity ε 2 greater than the permittivity ε 1 of the substrate 11 which is arranged on the antenna elements Ey.
Par rapport à un élément d'antenne Ei formant une source rayonnante de type patch, de type connu, l'élément d'antenne Ey est ainsi plongé dans un milieu à forte permittivité ce qui permet de réduire la taille de l'élément d'antenne pour réduire sa longueur d'onde de fonctionnement, ou plutôt de la conserver et de réduire sa dimension physique.  With respect to an antenna element Ei forming a patch-type radiating source of known type, the antenna element Ey is thus immersed in a medium with a high permittivity which makes it possible to reduce the size of the element of antenna to reduce its operating wavelength, or rather to keep it and reduce its physical size.
L'utilisation du superstrat 12 permet de conserver des caractéristiques de rayonnement identiques à un élément d'antenne de hauteur plus grande.  The use of the superstrate 12 makes it possible to maintain radiation characteristics identical to an antenna element of greater height.
Par ailleurs, une résistance R est connectée entre le plan P de masse et chaque élément Ey d'antenne (voir figures 6a et 6b). La résistance R est typiquement égale à un Ohm. Cette résistance R sert à court-circuiter l'un des côtés rayonnants de l'élément d'antenne. Ce court-circuit sert à transformer l'élément rayonnant de taille λ/2, constitué de deux monopôles, chacun de taille λ/4 de chaque côté du dipôle, en un seul monopôle de taille λ/4 et par conséquent permet de diviser par deux les dimensions électriques de l'élément rayonnant.  In addition, a resistor R is connected between the ground plane P and each antenna element Ey (see FIGS. 6a and 6b). The resistance R is typically equal to one Ohm. This resistor R serves to short-circuit one of the radiating sides of the antenna element. This short-circuit serves to transform the radiating element of size λ / 2, consisting of two monopoles, each of size λ / 4 on each side of the dipole, into a single monopole of size λ / 4 and consequently allows to divide by two the electrical dimensions of the radiating element.
Cette résistance R permet également d'augmenter sensiblement la bande passante de l'antenne dans son comportement résonnant.  This resistor R also makes it possible to substantially increase the bandwidth of the antenna in its resonant behavior.
Enfin, la permittivité ε1 est par exemple comprise entre 1 et 4 et est de préférence égale à 2,2 et la permittivité ε2 est par exemple comprise entre 10 et 50 et est de préférence égale à 30. Finally, the permittivity ε 1 is for example between 1 and 4 and is preferably equal to 2.2 and the permittivity ε 2 is for example between 10 and 50 and is preferably equal to 30.
A titre d'exemple, par rapport à l'élément d'antenne Ei d'un patch de type connu, pour une fréquence de fonctionnement dans la bande GSM à la fréquence centrale de 920MHz le côté de l'élément d'antenne Ei est de dimension égale à 94 mm tandis que le côté de l'élément d'antenne Ey (avec le superstrat) est de dimension égale à 21,5 mm. Toujours à titre d'exemple, on peut envisager des éléments d'antennes Ey carrés, en forme de triangle équilatéral ou en forme ellipsoïdale ou bien encore issues des technologies suivantes : cornets ou antennes filaires qui permettent par leur faible taille ou faible ouverture rayonnante, l'association de sources. By way of example, with respect to the antenna element Ei of a known type patch, for an operating frequency in the GSM band at the center frequency of 920 MHz, the side of the antenna element Ei is of 94 mm dimension while the side of the antenna element Ey (with the superstrate) has a dimension of 21.5 mm. Still as an example, it is possible to envision elements of Ey square antennas, in the shape of an equilateral triangle or in ellipsoidal form, or else derived from the following technologies: cones or wired antennas which make it possible, by their small size or small radiating aperture, the association of sources.
Réduction de la hauteur - Gain constant  Height reduction - Constant gain
L'antenne illustrée sur la figure 4 permet de diminuer la hauteur d'une antenne panneau de type connu en conservant un même gain de 17 dBi.  The antenna illustrated in FIG. 4 makes it possible to reduce the height of a known type of panel antenna while conserving the same gain of 17 dBi.
Elle comprend deux sources rayonnantes Si, S2 espacées d'une distance ds = 0,9λ chacune composée de quatre éléments d'antennes espacés d'une distance de = 0,9λ (4-l)/4 = 0,675 λ (voir figure 7). It comprises two radiating sources Si, S 2 spaced apart by a distance ds = 0.9λ each composed of four antenna elements spaced apart by a distance d e = 0.9λ (4-1) / 4 = 0.675λ (see Figure 7).
Chaque source rayonnante présente en fonctionnement un gain de 14dBi de sorte que l'antenne de la figure 4 présente en fonctionnement un gain de 17dBi.  Each radiating source has a gain of 14dBi in operation so that the antenna of FIG. 4 has a gain of 17dBi in operation.
Toutefois, par rapport à l'antenne telle qu'illustrée sur la figure 8 la hauteur est divisée par deux : on passe de 7,2 λ (8 x 0,9 λ) à 3,6λ (4 x 0,9 λ).  However, compared to the antenna as illustrated in Figure 8 the height is divided by two: we go from 7.2 λ (8 x 0.9 λ) to 3.6λ (4 x 0.9 λ) .
Les sources rayonnantes Si et S2 ayant chacune un point d'accès Ai, A2 sont imbriquées le long de l'axe longitudinal de l'antenne (voir figure 4) de sorte que les points d'accès Ai des sources Si soient écartés de la même distance ds. Pour une meilleure compréhension du schéma d'alimentation des différentes sources, chaque point d'accès est disposé sur un côté opposé au point d'accès suivant. The radiating sources Si and S 2 each having an access point Ai, A 2 are nested along the longitudinal axis of the antenna (see FIG. 4) so that the access points Ai of the sources Si are discarded. from the same distance ds. For a better understanding of the power scheme of the different sources, each access point is arranged on a side opposite to the next access point.
La distance entre deux éléments rayonnants consécutifs appartenant à deux sources rayonnantes différentes varie entre ds/N et ds(N-l)/N, soit entre 0,225 λ et 0,675 λ.  The distance between two consecutive radiating elements belonging to two different radiant sources varies between ds / N and ds (N-1) / N, ie between 0.225λ and 0.675λ.
Augmentation du gain - hauteur constante  Increase in gain - constant height
L'antenne illustrée sur la figure 5 permet d'augmenter le gain de l'antenne tout en conservant la même hauteur qu'une antenne panneau de type connu.  The antenna illustrated in FIG. 5 makes it possible to increase the gain of the antenna while maintaining the same height as a known type of panel antenna.
Elle comprend six sources rayonnantes, chacune composée de quatre éléments d'antennes (voir figure 7).  It comprises six radiating sources, each composed of four antenna elements (see Figure 7).
Comme dans le mode de réalisation précédent, chaque source rayonnante présente en fonctionnement un gain de 14dBi de sorte que l'antenne de la figure 5 présente en fonctionnement un gain de 21,8 dBi au lieu de 17dBi obtenu par l'antenne de même hauteur telle qu'illustrée sur la figure 9 (hauteur égale à 7,2λ). As in the previous embodiment, each radiating source has in operation a gain of 14 dBi so that the antenna of FIG. present in operation a gain of 21.8 dBi instead of 17 dBi obtained by the antenna of the same height as illustrated in Figure 9 (height equal to 7.2λ).
Comme précédemment les sources rayonnantes ayant pour chacune un point d'accès Ai, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 sont imbriquées le long de l'axe longitudinal de l'antenne (voir figure 5) de sorte que les points d'accès Ai des sources Si soient écartées de la même distance ds. Pour une meilleure compréhension du schéma d'alimentation des différentes sources, chaque point d'accès est disposé sur un côté opposé au point d'accès suivant. As above, the radiating sources each having an access point A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , A 6 are nested along the longitudinal axis of the antenna (see FIG. 5) so that the access points Ai of the sources Si are separated from the same distance ds. For a better understanding of the power scheme of the different sources, each access point is arranged on a side opposite to the next access point.
La distance entre deux éléments rayonnants consécutifs appartenant à deux sources rayonnantes différentes varie entre ds/N et ds(N-l)/N, soit entre 0,225 λ et 0,675 λ.  The distance between two consecutive radiating elements belonging to two different radiant sources varies between ds / N and ds (N-1) / N, ie between 0.225λ and 0.675λ.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Antenne panneau comprenant un plan de masse (P), un substrat (1 1) diélectrique, ayant une permittivité ( ^ ), le substrat (1 1) étant disposé sur le plan de masse (P), au moins une source rayonnante (Si), chaque source rayonnante étant constituée d'une pluralité d'éléments d'antennes (Ey), les éléments d'antennes (Ey) étant disposés sur le substrat (1 1) et sont en outre disposés les uns par rapport aux autres consécutivement avec un espacement d'une distance (de) inférieure à une longueur d'onde λ, la longueur d'onde λ correspondant à la fréquence de fonctionnement de l'antenne, l'antenne est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre un superstrat (12) diélectrique, ayant une permittivité ( ε2 ) supérieure à la permittivité (ε^ du substrat (1 1), le superstrat étant disposé au-dessus des éléments d'antennes (Ey) et en ce que les éléments d'antennes (Ey) sont tous identiques et possèdent en fonctionnement des caractéristiques de rayonnement identiques. 1. Panel antenna comprising a ground plane (P), a dielectric substrate (1 1) having a permittivity ()), the substrate (1 1) being disposed on the ground plane (P), at least one radiating source (Si), each radiating source consisting of a plurality of antenna elements (Ey), the antenna elements (Ey) being arranged on the substrate (1 1) and are furthermore arranged with respect to each other. other consecutively with a spacing of a distance (d e ) less than a wavelength λ, the wavelength λ corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna, the antenna is characterized in that it comprises in addition a dielectric superstrate (12) having a permittivity (ε 2 ) greater than the permittivity (ε) of the substrate (1 1), the superstrate being arranged above the antenna elements (Ey) and in that the Antenna elements (Ey) are all identical and have in operation radiation characteristics identical.
2. Antenne selon la revendications 1 dans laquelle chaque source rayonnante (Si) comprend quatre éléments d'antennes (En, Ei2, Ei3, Ei4) connectés de proche en proche par paires au moyen d'une première ligne d'alimentation (Li), lesdites paires étant connectées l'une à l'autre au moyen d'une seconde ligne d'alimentation (L2), la seconde ligne d'alimentation (L2) comprenant en son centre un point d'accès (Ai) de la source rayonnante (Si) adapté pour l'alimentation de ladite source rayonnante (Si). 2. An antenna according to claim 1 wherein each radiating source (Si) comprises four antenna elements (En, E 2, E 3, E 4) connected from point to point in pairs by means of a first supply line (Li), said pairs being connected to each other by means of a second feed line (L 2 ), the second feed line (L 2 ) comprising at its center an access point ( Ai) of the radiating source (Si) adapted for feeding said radiating source (Si).
3. Antenne selon la revendication 2 comprenant une pluralité de sources rayonnantes (Si), les sources rayonnantes (Si) étant disposées l'une par rapport à l'autre de manière telle que leurs points d'accès (Ai) sont espacés d'une distance égale à la distance entre deux éléments d'antennes (Ey), chaque source rayonnante (Si) possédant des caractéristiques de rayonnements identiques. 3. Antenna according to claim 2 comprising a plurality of radiating sources (Si), the radiating sources (Si) being arranged relative to each other so that their access points (Ai) are spaced apart from each other. a distance equal to the distance between two antenna elements (Ey), each radiating source (Si) having identical radiation characteristics.
4. Antenne selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans laquelle les éléments d'antennes (Ey) sont disposés les uns par rapport aux autres avec un espacement de égal à ds(N-l)/N, où ds est la distance entre deux points d'accès (Ai) de deux sources rayonnantes (Si) et N est le nombre d'éléments d'antennes (Ey) de chaque source rayonnante (Si). 4. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims wherein the antenna elements (Ey) are arranged relative to each other with a spacing d e equal to ds (Nl) / N, where ds is the distance between two access points (Ai) of two radiating sources (Si) and N is the number of antenna elements (Ey) of each source radiant (Si).
5. Antenne selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans laquelle chaque source rayonnante (Si) comprend préférentiellement entre deux et six éléments d'antennes (Ey). 5. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims wherein each radiating source (Si) preferably comprises between two and six antenna elements (Ey).
6. Antenne selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans laquelle les éléments d'antennes (Ey) sont des patchs ayant une forme choisie parmi le groupe suivante : carrée, triangle équilatéral, ellipsoïdale. 6. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims wherein the antenna elements (Ey) are patches having a shape selected from the following group: square, equilateral triangle, ellipsoidal.
7. Antenne selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans laquelle les éléments d'antennes (Ey) sont issus des technologies suivantes : cornets ou antennes filaires. 7. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims wherein the antenna elements (Ey) are derived from the following technologies: horns or wire antennas.
8. Antenne selon l'une des revendications précédentes comprenant une résistance (R) connectée entre le plan de masse (P) et chaque élément d'antenne (Ey). 8. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims comprising a resistor (R) connected between the ground plane (P) and each antenna element (Ey).
9. Réseau de communication cellulaire comprenant une antenne panneau selon l'une des revendications précédentes. 9. Cellular communication network comprising a panel antenna according to one of the preceding claims.
EP11763686.0A 2010-09-29 2011-09-29 Compact high-gain antenna Withdrawn EP2622678A1 (en)

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FR2965411B1 (en) 2013-05-17
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US9136593B2 (en) 2015-09-15
FR2965411A1 (en) 2012-03-30

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