EP2616692A2 - Linear drive - Google Patents
Linear driveInfo
- Publication number
- EP2616692A2 EP2616692A2 EP11797180.4A EP11797180A EP2616692A2 EP 2616692 A2 EP2616692 A2 EP 2616692A2 EP 11797180 A EP11797180 A EP 11797180A EP 2616692 A2 EP2616692 A2 EP 2616692A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- housing
- linear drive
- actuator
- drive according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
- F15B15/10—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit the motor being of diaphragm type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a linear drive, in particular a double-acting linear drive for use as an actuator in a fusion experiment.
- ITER As part of the international fusion experiment ITER, a fusion plant is to be created that can achieve a net energy gain.
- the actuator system designates a sub-field of drive technology, wherein the term actuatorics generally means the generation of a movement or deformation and thus in many technical see disciplines, such as As control engineering, automation technology or mechatronics, is used.
- actuators set electronic signals, for example from a control computer, into mechanical motion or other physical
- actuators can be any kind of movement generation, in particular, in addition to the biological (stimulation of a muscle fiber) and electromechanical (rotation of a shaft or translation of the movable component of a linear system) and the mechanical movement.
- electromechanical rotation of a shaft or translation of the movable component of a linear system
- the mechanical movement In the purely mechanical movement is also distinguished between a pneumatic movement by means of a pneumatic cylinder and a hydraulic movement by means of a hydraulic cylinder.
- Linear drives are drive systems that generate a linear movement.
- the linear actuators include spindle drives, linear motors, electromechanical cylinders (eg electric motors with spindle drive), pneumatic cylinders, hydraulic cylinders, gas springs, rack drives and toothed belt drives.
- a pneumatic cylinder is a working cylinder operated by means of a gas, in particular by means of compressed air.
- a pneumatic cylinder which uses a working gas
- a hydraulic cylinder the energy from a hydraulic fluid supplied by a hydraulic pressure accumulator or a hydraulic pump is converted into an easily controllable, rectilinear force.
- Single-acting cylinders have only one side of the piston, which is supplied with compressed air or hydraulic fluid. Work can only be done in one direction. The return movement is carried out by the net mass or an external force (for example, a spring).
- Double-acting cylinders have two opposing piston surfaces. The cylinder thus has two active directions of movement.
- piston rods having pneumatic cylinders and bellows cylinder are known. Since they have no piston rod inside, the installation height can therefore be significantly reduced.
- Bellows cylinders are often used instead of hydraulic steel cylinders as Anpresszylinder in difficult and harsh environmental conditions. Bellows cylinders are dimensionally stable elements made of highly sophisticated elastomers with vulcanised textile
- Bellows cylinders can also be used wear-free even in adverse environmental conditions such as dirt, dust, granules or sludge.
- Bellows cylinders can be used in pneumatic applications with both compressed air and other gaseous media such. As nitrogen, operated. In low pressure areas is also the use of hydraulic media, such. As water and glycol, allowed.
- the shutter is controlled by a pneumatic actuator.
- the actuator has two, an inner and an outer bellows.
- the inner bellows acts like a pneumatic cylinder with a stroke length of approx. 2 mm.
- the outer bellows together with the inner bellows, provide double protection against the vacuum.
- FIG. 1 A functional representation of an actuator, as it is currently used in the diagnostic system cCXRS for the ITER Tokamak Experimental Fusion Reactor, is shown in FIG.
- This actuator works on the same principle as it is already used in industry. It is a linear, single-acting pneumatic actuator in which a piston (2) inside a cylinder (1) performs the desired movement (double arrow). However, unlike the actuators known in the industry, this one has a double bellows (3) for the extreme conditions in the ITER experiments, instead of gaskets that seal against a medium. Via the central inlet, a fluid medium M1 is introduced for moving the piston. This pushes the piston in (+) direction. The counter-movement (-) is realized via the spring force of the bellows. The double bellows can be acted upon with a test gas, which serves to delekt leak between the cavities of the vacuum and the first medium Ml.
- a disadvantage of a movement of the piston to a friction along the surfaces which are marked in the figure with (R).
- an actuator is known, as can be seen from FIG.
- This is also a linear, single acting pneumatic actuator a piston (2) inside a cylinder (1) performs the desired movement (double arrow).
- the bellows (3) takes over the seal against the fluid medium (Ml), which is by a central opening via a pressure control on and off.
- the piston (2) not only perform a linear movement along the double arrow, but it is also disadvantageous a slight rotational movement of the piston and a tilting movement within the cylinder possible, as indicated by the other arrows in Figure 2.
- an additionally arranged sliding bearing would be necessary.
- the object of the invention is to provide a low-maintenance linear drive which operates precisely and durably even under extreme environmental conditions, such as high temperatures, ultra-high vacuum, heat radiation, electromagnetic fields and neutron flux.
- the linear drive should be suitable as a servomotor for a diaphragm shutter release or as a drive mechanism for a sensor movement. Furthermore, it should be mixed with different fluids, i. H. Gas or liquids can be operated.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a device according to the main claim.
- Advantageous embodiments of the device can be found in the dependent claims.
- the actuator according to the invention advantageously allows a double-acting linear movement without friction and without lubrication. It is especially designed for use in extreme environments, such as high temperatures up to 400 ° C, ultra-high vacuum ⁇ 10 '6 Pa, thermal radiation and electromagnetic fields and neutron fluxes. It is therefore particularly suitable for use as a linear motor for a shutter or as a linear drive for a sensor in an ITER experiment.
- the actuator can take on different sizes and be operated with different fluids.
- the stroke of the piston of the actuator is in principle of the constructive Requirements, namely the wall thickness, the inner or outer diameter, the material and the number of flexible elements, which make the invention in particular.
- the approximate ratio between the outer diameter and the stroke is usually in the range of 40 to 100.
- the actuator according to the invention is designed in a specialticiansforrn especially for fast, small movements in the range of -5 to +10 mm.
- the actuator according to the invention Due to the lack of friction and lubrication of the actuator according to the invention is particularly durable and reliable.
- the fluid flow required to control the actuator can be used simultaneously for the cooling of the actuator and surrounding parts.
- the actuator has a substantially cylindrical housing with an end plate, a front plate and a piston arranged movably in the interior of the housing and connected to a piston rod
- piston While in mechanical engineering a piston is understood as a movable component which forms a closed cavity together with a fixed component and whose volume can be changed, the term piston is used in the context of the invention for a movable component, which is located in the interior of the actuator housing , but does not reach its gas-tight dimensions on the housing wall, and thus forms together with this no two closed cavities. Nevertheless, the piston according to the invention has a piston rod fixedly connected to it and a piston surface on both sides.
- the end plate fixed to the housing includes the inlets and outlets for two fluid media. Since the actuator according to the invention is designed double-acting, a positive movement of the piston is effected via a first medium, and the negative counter-movement is actively effected by a second medium.
- the supply line for the positive movement of the piston is arranged centrally and extends into the interior of the housing.
- the inlet and outlet for the second medium are advantageously provided on the outer edge of the end plate.
- the ebenfall also firmly connected to the housing end plate has an opening through which the piston rod is guided out of the housing. The opening is sealed from the movable piston rod by no seal.
- the seal against the movable piston rod is made by a bellows system, which connects the face plate of the housing and the piston.
- the piston has inside the housing itself in the
- Substantially cylindrical expansion which extends around the central supply line of the first fluid medium.
- Flexible elements which are fixedly connected both to the axial feed of the first fluid medium and to the cylindrical expansion of the piston, allow linear movement of the piston within the housing, without causing rotation of the piston or tilting within the housing can come.
- the substantially cylindrical expansion of the piston is maintained by at least one flexible element at a radial fixed distance about the central supply line, whereby a movement of the piston (stroke) along the central Zu Adjustsieitung due to the flexibility of the elements to some extent possible.
- a plurality of flexible elements along the central supply line are arranged. The guidance over the flexible element or the flexible elements ensures that the piston can only execute an exactly linear movement along the axis of the housing or the central feed line.
- the first cavity for the first fluid medium is defined by the middle part of the end plate, the second bellows system and the substantially cylindrical expansion of the piston and the inner piston surface.
- a discharge line for the first medium is provided in the end plate.
- the second cavity for the second fluid medium is bounded by the outer part of the end plate, the outer housing wall, the face plate, the first bellows system, the outer piston surface and possibly a part of the substantially cylindrical expansion of the piston and the second flexible bellows system.
- the outlet for the first fluid medium is located in the middle part of the end plate, while the supply and the outlet for the second medium can advantageously be arranged in the outer area of the end plate or even in the actuator housing.
- the flexible elements must not form a closed surface between the central supply conduit and the substantially cylindrical expansion of the piston, but at least have apertures through which the first fluid medium passing through the central supply passes along the gap between the central one Supply and the cylindrical expansion of the piston in the direction of the end plate can flow.
- the geometry and number of openings are on the one hand so dimensioned that a rapid exchange of media can take place, on the other hand, however, the stability and the function of distance compliance and leadership of the cylindrical expansion of the piston along the central supply line are not compromised.
- a flexible element this consists of an elastic band.
- the use of at least three elastic bands disposed at substantially equal intervals radially between the central supply of the first medium and the substantially cylindrical expansion of the piston may be sufficient to provide the required centering of the substantially cylindrical expansion of the piston about the central supply conduit while allowing the necessary linear movement of the piston along the central supply line.
- Another embodiment would be, for example, a disk-shaped, elastic element.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment of the elastic element provides a disc-shaped elastic element, which has at least two bends, and thus similar to a bellows is constructed and therefore particularly easy allows lateral movement.
- the mode of action of the actuator according to the invention is as follows: For a positive direction of movement of the piston, the first fluid medium is conducted via the central supply line into the actuator. The derivative of the first medium can be closed or at least reduced, so that in total builds up a positive pressure. As the pressure in the space for the first medium increases, the piston is pushed away from the end plate and out of the actuator. If the outlet for the second medium is opened, the second fluid medium can be simultaneously pushed out of the space for the second medium via the discharge from the actuator. Conversely, for a negative movement of the piston, the second fluid medium is actively introduced into the outer ring of the actuator formed by the housing wall and the cylindrical widening of the piston so that the piston, in particular the cylindrical widening, is pushed away from the end face. The space for the first fluid medium is compressed and the first medium is at least partially removed via the derivative of the actuator.
- the need for cooling for the actuator may result.
- the first and / or second medium is used simultaneously as the cooling medium. So it can be ensured that no matter whether a positive or negative movement of the piston is desired, always a certain media flow through the actuator and thus a cooling effect takes place. This means, for example, that for a pressure increase of the first medium, the derivative of the same may only be reduced in order to guarantee a, albeit small, media flow.
- the increase of the first medium can also take place against a low pressure (eg 0.5 bar) of the second medium, which is achieved despite a desired temperature positive movement, the second medium is actively introduced into the actuator.
- a low pressure eg 0.5 bar
- the housing of the actuator itself as
- the central supply line for the first medium is insofar an axial supply line.
- a cylindrical housing is easy to manufacture, has less sealing problems than a cuboid housing, and is better in terms of flow to move fluid media in its interior quickly.
- the outer space for the second medium can be minimized in terms of volume, which is also advantageous for rapid control.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the actuator provides that the substantially cylindrical widening of the piston is connected to the piston via a disk perpendicular to the axis. The advantage of this vertically arranged disc is that it represents a particularly large attack surface for both the first and the second medium, and thus a rapid increase in kinetic energy is possible via a pressure increase of one of the two media.
- the substantially cylindrical expansion of the piston is provided as a cylindrical design.
- identical flexible elements along the axial supply line can be used, since the distance to be bridged between the central supply line and the cylindrical expansion is identical in each case.
- the flexible element is provided at the end of the substantially cylindrical expansion of the piston, or at the beginning of the central supply line.
- flexible elements are provided at at least two points of the central supply line. Particularly advantageous is the arrangement of a further flexible element at the end of the axial feed line.
- the flexible element comprises at least two elastic springs or bands, which are arranged radially around the central feed between this and the substantially cylindrical expansion of the piston.
- the springs maintain the substantially cylindrical expansion of the piston radially equidistant from the central feed and thus allow only movement of the piston along the axis of the central feed.
- the size of the maximum deflection of the piston is determined on the one hand by the elasticity of the flexible element and also due to the design of the free space that can occupy the piston in the interior of the Aktuatorgeophuses.
- experiments aim at a deflection of the piston rod by the actuator in the range of typically -1 to +2 mm.
- the flexible element is designed in the form of a disc-shaped element with a central recess, which contacts the central feed with its inner diameter and with its outer diameter, the substantially cylindrical expansion of the piston.
- This element can advantageously fold up in a "concertina-like" manner similar to a bellows, which allows, within certain limits, the linear movement of the piston along the axis of the central feed, without influencing the radial distance
- these flexible elements have corresponding openings allowing rapid exchange of material, thus enabling fast switching times of the actuator, in particular a titanium alloy (Ti6Al-4V), stainless steel 316L (N) as the material for the flexible element.
- the important material properties for use as a flexible element in the invention are not too high a modulus of elasticity, high permissible stress and good weldability.
- the first or second fluid Medium in particular Other gaseous helium or argon suitable.
- non-compressible media are used as the first and / or second fluid medium.
- Water or oil are also suitable as the first or second fluid medium if the operating temperatures are below 80 ° C.
- this means for checking the gas-tightness between the second medium and the vacuum is especially not very good when working with a tritium-containing atmosphere against vacuum.
- the first bellows system is designed as a double bellows system. Inside this double Belgsystems is a kind of test gas. The double bellows system is connected via a pipe system which extends from the front side into the interior of the double bellows system. By checking the test gas can thus be detected quickly if a leak between the cavities of the vacuum and the second medium should occur.
- first bellows system for sealing between the second medium and the environment on the piston side may optionally be designed double-walled
- FIG. 1 double-acting cylinder from [1]
- Figure 2 single-acting actuator from an unpublished ITER presentation
- Figure 3 Ausbowungsforrn of the inventive actuator
- FIG. 4 Embodiment of the actuator according to the invention with test gas
- Figure 5 different embodiments of the inventive flexible element
- Figure 6 Example of application for the actuator according to the invention for controlling a
- the flexible elements (6) in particular in the form of bands, springs, segments or disk-shaped elements with and without buckling connect the central supply line (3) with the substantially cylindrical widening of the piston (2). On the one hand, they serve to center the essentially cylindrical widening of the piston about the central supply line, but due to their elasticity they permit lateral movement.
- Conceivable and suitable shapes for the flexible elements according to the invention are, for example, elastic bands, pre-bent springs or disc-shaped elements with and without buckling.
- a possible field of application of the actuator according to the invention is shown in FIG.
- the actuator is used to control a shutter in an ITER experiment.
- the environmental conditions on the piston side are extreme: temperatures up to 400 ° C, ultra high vacuum ⁇ 10 "6 Pa, thermal radiation and electromagnetic fields and neutron fluxes
- the actuator according to the invention is able to open the shutter within about 0.7 seconds or more.
- the special design of the 1-meter-long shutter enables an opening of the shutter of approximately 50 mm when the actuator is only moved by 2 mm.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201010045437 DE102010045437A1 (en) | 2010-09-15 | 2010-09-15 | linear actuator |
PCT/DE2011/001636 WO2012034551A2 (en) | 2010-09-15 | 2011-08-18 | Linear drive |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2616692A2 true EP2616692A2 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
EP2616692B1 EP2616692B1 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
Family
ID=45350574
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11797180.4A Active EP2616692B1 (en) | 2010-09-15 | 2011-08-18 | Linear actuator |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2616692B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010045437A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2549921T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012034551A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013209141A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 | 2014-06-18 | Carl Zeiss Laser Optics Gmbh | Actuator for optical assembly used for inspecting semiconductor wafer manufacturing process, has actuating object that is partially encased in bellows made of elastomer, in gastight manner |
DE102022130959B3 (en) | 2022-10-12 | 2023-08-24 | Vacom Vakuum Komponenten & Messtechnik Gmbh | Device for holding, positioning and/or moving an object in a vacuum |
WO2024079111A1 (en) | 2022-10-12 | 2024-04-18 | Vacom Vakuum Komponenten & Messtechnik Gmbh | Device for holding, positioning and/or moving an object in a vacuum |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT385572B (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1988-04-25 | Andritz Ag Maschf | ADJUSTMENT CONTROL DEVICE |
JPS62220767A (en) * | 1986-03-18 | 1987-09-28 | Kiyousan Denki Kk | Bellows |
GB9116842D0 (en) * | 1991-08-05 | 1991-09-18 | Nat Oilwell Uk Ltd | An actuator |
DE10355524A1 (en) | 2003-11-22 | 2005-06-02 | Hauni Primary Gmbh | Apparatus and method for compacting tobacco, ribs or the like |
-
2010
- 2010-09-15 DE DE201010045437 patent/DE102010045437A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-08-18 EP EP11797180.4A patent/EP2616692B1/en active Active
- 2011-08-18 WO PCT/DE2011/001636 patent/WO2012034551A2/en active Application Filing
- 2011-08-18 ES ES11797180.4T patent/ES2549921T3/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2012034551A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2012034551A3 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
EP2616692B1 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
WO2012034551A2 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
ES2549921T3 (en) | 2015-11-03 |
DE102010045437A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
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