EP2615077A1 - Activation of energetic compositions by magnetic mixing - Google Patents
Activation of energetic compositions by magnetic mixing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2615077A1 EP2615077A1 EP13151038.0A EP13151038A EP2615077A1 EP 2615077 A1 EP2615077 A1 EP 2615077A1 EP 13151038 A EP13151038 A EP 13151038A EP 2615077 A1 EP2615077 A1 EP 2615077A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- particles
- energy
- magnetic field
- precursors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001291 heusler alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 II Chemical compound 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoethylene Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C(C#N)C#N NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 description 2
- WGGGPNUBZBMKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Mn+2] WGGGPNUBZBMKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018084 Al-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018192 Al—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWQNHOHKLOEWDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Bi+]=O.[Al+3] Chemical compound [Bi+]=O.[Al+3] HWQNHOHKLOEWDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAQXDZTWVWLKGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Al+3].[Fe+2] Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Fe+2] JAQXDZTWVWLKGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QDMRQDKMCNPQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boranylidynetitanium Chemical class [B].[Ti] QDMRQDKMCNPQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000586 desensitisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007734 materials engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002097 pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008542 thermal sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/60—Mixing solids with solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/45—Magnetic mixers; Mixers with magnetically driven stirrers
- B01F33/451—Magnetic mixers; Mixers with magnetically driven stirrers wherein the mixture is directly exposed to an electromagnetic field without use of a stirrer, e.g. for material comprising ferromagnetic particles or for molten metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
- B01F35/713—Feed mechanisms comprising breaking packages or parts thereof, e.g. piercing or opening sealing elements between compartments or cartridges
- B01F35/7137—Piercing, perforating or melting membranes or closures which seal the compartments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of energy compositions, and in particular to energetic compositions that can be integrated into pyrotechnic systems, in particular of the military or space industry, such as igniters, detonators or devices incorporating these elements.
- the energy composition is considered to be the primary element of the chain.
- the energy composition used at the beginning of the pyrotechnic chain is most often a sensitive composition (primary composition) in order to allow the setting up of the pyrotechnic chain. Because of their high sensitivity, it is necessary to guard against the accidental operation of the latter.
- the normal operation of the pyrotechnic system is generally implemented by a mechanical effect, thermal or electrical, low power.
- a munition bearing the MURAT mark is an ammunition that meets the performance, availability, and implementation requirements, but for which the probability of inadvertent operation and collateral damage resulting therefrom has been minimized. it is subject to accidental solicitations.
- the MURAT character of a munition is an intrinsic performance, independent of the life cycle, defined for a given configuration.
- the MURAT labels are defined in DGA / IPE Instruction No. 260, July 1993 edition: "French National Doctrine for Attenuated Ammunition”.
- the misalignment of the primary elements of a pyrotechnic train is a physical device to achieve the required level of safety by separating the active elements of the pyrotechnic chain and to bring them together only when it is necessary, under the conditions of firing or ignition provided.
- the initial separation of the constitutive phases of the primary composition of the pyrotechnic chain is currently a technique of ultimate desensitization of the energetic material.
- this method solves the problems arising from the regulatory constraints applying to any pyrotechnic substance (storage, classified installations, transport) in view of the absence of energetic material constituted.
- the invention aims to solve all of the technical problems mentioned above, and in particular the technical and regulatory problems related to the use of energetic materials.
- the invention aims to provide an energy composition having a very high level of security from a pyrotechnic point of view, in particular to facilitate the muratisation of systems including it.
- the invention particularly aims to provide an energy composition that does not activate following accidental solicitations that may occur during the product life cycle.
- the invention also aims to provide an energy composition available only when it is necessary and without affecting its energy performance.
- the invention also aims to provide a method for activating this energy composition, and devices implementing it.
- the invention relates to an energetic composition that can be activated by mixing its individual inert constituents.
- the invention relates to an energetic composition
- an energetic composition comprising ferromagnetic or magnetized particles of micrometric to centimeter dimension, referred to as motor particles, and at least two types of nanoparticulate solid particles initially physically separated, called inert precursors of final energy composition, said composition energy being capable of being activated from the pyrotechnic point of view by mixing the inert precursors of final energy composition by stirring said motor particles or by means of a magnetic field varying as a function of time.
- the energy composition of the invention comprises at least two types of precursor compounds, which physically separate, are pyrotechnically inactive, but become pyrotechnically active when mixed.
- the composition of the invention is therefore a pyrotechnically inert composition which becomes active after bringing the precursors into contact with each other.
- the invention therefore consists of an energetic composition that can be activated from the pyrotechnic point of view by mixing its elementary constituents by means of a magnetic field varying over time and applying directly to the particles.
- the elementary constituents for activating the energy composition are the precursors of final energy composition.
- "Active" or “activated” from a pyrotechnic point of view means making the composition sufficiently energy for use in a pyrotechnic device, especially as a priming composition.
- the size of the motive particles must be sufficient to drive the precursors in motion and to ensure their mixing. However, the inertia must not be too great to avoid firing of the composition under the effects of shocks or friction produced by the motions motions.
- the size of the motive particles is generally between 0.1 and 10,000 microns.
- the motor particles generally have a geometric shape displacing the largest possible amount of surrounding matter as they move.
- the motor particles are preferably in the form of platelets or lamellae, optionally notched.
- the ferromagnetic motor particles which are directly driven by the magnetic field, are chosen from iron, cobalt, nickel, a Heusler alloy, the family of lanthanides, mixed iron oxides II and iron III, and ferrites.
- Ferrites can be defined by the formula (MO, Fe 2 O 3 ) where M is a divalent metal.
- a well-known representative is magnetite Fe 3 O 4 (FeO, Fe 2 O 3 ).
- the magnetized motor particles which are directly driven by the magnetic field, are chosen from permanent magnets.
- the permanent magnets mention may be made of Nd-B-Fe, coordination chemistry magnets such as the compounds [M II (Rtrz) 3 ] A 2 ⁇ xH 2 O where the metal ions M (Fe ", Zn") are interconnected by triazole ligands (trz) grafted in position 4 by a group R (generally an alkyl chain), A - corresponds to the counterion used, for example Cl - or ion paratolylsufonate; organometallic magnets, for example [Fe (Me 5 Cp) 2 ] [TCNE], wherein Me 5 Cp is pentamethylcyclopentadienyl and TCNE is tetracyanoethylene or V (TCNE) 2 (vanadium di-tetracyanoethylenethane); and purely organic magnets.
- the precursors of the final energy composition advantageously form a redox system comprising an oxidizing composition and a reducing composition.
- the oxidizing composition and the reducing composition are physically separated by an intermediate layer that may include motor particles.
- the thickness of the layer of driving particles is between 0.2 and 5 mm, and can be for example about 1 mm.
- the oxidizing composition and the reducing composition physically separated comprise or not each of the driving particles.
- the energetic composition is activated by stirring the motive particles which penetrate and move in the oxidizing composition and the reducing composition. Under the effect of the agitation of the motor particles, the oxidizing and reducing compositions mix, thus activating the energy composition.
- the content of motor particles necessary to ensure the mixing is between 1 and 20%, and preferably between 1 and 5%, by mass of the total mass of the energy composition. This proportion remains modest and is not high enough to significantly alter the energy performance of the activated final composition.
- the homogenization of the energy composition is all the more effective as the particles of the precursors are small.
- the precursors of the final energy composition are nanoscale powders.
- the diameter of the elementary particles is generally between 1 and 300 nm, and preferably less than 100 nm.
- the agitation of the motor particles allows the proliferation of precursors, promotes interpenetration, and therefore promotes the efficiency and homogeneity of the mixture.
- the size of the driving particles is at least an order of magnitude larger than the larger aggregates of the precursor particles.
- An ideal size of the motor particles is between 1 ⁇ m and one centimeter.
- the precursors of the final energy composition are constituents of the nanothermites.
- Nanothermites metalstable intermolecular composites
- MICs oxidant and a reducing agent
- nanothermites mention may be made of aluminum-molybdenum oxide (VI) compositions, such as Al-MoO 3 ; aluminum-copper oxide (II) compositions, such as Al-CuO; Iron-aluminum oxide compositions (II, III), such as Al-Fe 2 O 3 ; aluminum-tungsten oxide (VI) compositions, such as Al-WO 3 ; aluminum-bismuth (III) oxide compositions, such as Al-Bi 2 O 3 ; aluminum-manganese oxide (IV) compositions, such as Al-MnO 2 ; mixtures of potassium permanganate with antimony; mixtures of potassium permanganate with aluminum, such as Al-KMnO 4 ; mixtures of potassium permanganate with boron, such as B-KMnO 4 ; hydrates of aluminum-tungsten oxides (VI); Titanium-boron compounds, and aluminum-fluoropolymers. Nanothermites can also be formulated in mixing powders of metal oxides with reducing metals such as
- PTFE or other fluoropolymers can be used as nanothermite binders.
- Nanothermites are advantageous since they have an energy potential and a thermal sensitivity allowing ignition by hot wire, detonating wire, laser pulse, flame, plasma or capacitive discharge.
- Their constituents, metals or metal oxides have excellent stability over time, including in extreme conditions (temperature variations, etc.). This last characteristic is of paramount importance for the development of systems integrable into missiles.
- the energetic composition of the invention can be complex and comprise organic molecules, energetic or inert, used for example as gas-generating substances, such as propellants for example.
- the energy composition of the invention may advantageously constitute an ignition or priming composition of a pyrotechnic system.
- the invention also relates to a device comprising one or more inactive energy compositions as defined above, and one or more time-varying magnetic field generating means for activating said pyrotechnic energy composition.
- the position of the field lines varies as a function of time.
- the magnetic field is rotated. This can be done simply by rotating the magnetic field generating means or means.
- the magnetic field generating means is selected from one or more mechanically movable permanent magnets, one or more solenoids, one or more electromagnets powered by an oscillating or continuous current source, and any of their combinations. .
- the magnetic field generating means are arranged around said inactive energy composition, and preferably generate a magnetic field substantially passing through the entire energy composition.
- the device of the invention comprises a drive means, such as a motor, rotating the magnetic field generating means for agitating the motive particles in order to bring the precursors into contact with one another, and thus generate the activated energy composition.
- a drive means such as a motor
- rotating the magnetic field generating means for agitating the motive particles in order to bring the precursors into contact with one another, and thus generate the activated energy composition.
- the device comprises means for activating the remote magnetic field.
- the device of the invention is integrated in a pyrotechnic system, and for example a military pyrotechnic system.
- the invention thus covers in particular a military load, a shell, a rocket, a missile including an interception or cruise missile, or any other armament comprising a pyrotechnic system according to the invention.
- the invention also covers systems for very high security detonators used in the context of civil applications.
- the device of the invention is integrated in an igniter, a detonator or a pyrotechnic system element, including military.
- a device provides a very important level of security making it easier to obtain the MURAT label.
- the architecture of the device used to vary the magnetic field depends on the nature of the substances to be mixed and the specificities of the application envisaged.
- the device of the invention can take any geometry appropriate to the mixture of precursors by the agitation of the driving particles under the influence of the magnetic field alone or associated with a complementary mixing means.
- the pyrotechnic systems of the invention are centimeter-sized systems (such as igniters or detonators).
- the invention allows the activation of the energy composition of a pyrotechnic system in the moments that precede its firing. Before triggering the activation, the pyrotechnic system is completely inert since the primary elements of the energy composition, which are insensitive separately, are not associated.
- the precursor compositions (eg, oxidizing and reducing compositions) of the invention may be separated by a physical separation system, for example by a membrane or a diaphragm.
- This physical separation system can be eliminated just before mixing the two precursor compositions, for example by perforation or opening.
- the device of the invention may therefore comprise means for perforating or opening the physical separation system.
- the magnetic field is produced one or more mechanically mobile permanent magnets and / or one or more solenoids and / or one or more electromagnets powered by an oscillating or continuous current source.
- a solenoid assembly may be used to move the motive particles throughout the entire volume occupied by the activated composition.
- the generated fields are thus controlled to ensure a movement allowing the effective homogenization of the constituents of the composition.
- the process of the invention makes it possible to mix the precursors with a compatible mixing time for the use of the composition in a pyrotechnic system, for example in a missile.
- the mixing time is of the order of a few seconds (interception missile) to a few minutes (cruise missile). Typically the mixing time is between 0.1 seconds and 5 minutes.
- stirring or mixing is carried out until a homogeneous energetic composition is obtained, i.e. the precursors are intimately mixed.
- the motor particles are removed from the mixture, in particular by the action of a stronger magnetic field.
- the energy composition after activation of the energy composition, it can be compressed.
- the figure 1 represents a schematic section of a variant of the invention in which an oxidizing composition (10) is deposited at the bottom of a cup (60), said oxidizing composition (10) comprising driving particles (30).
- a reducing composition (20) is deposited on the surface of the oxidizing composition (10).
- the cup (60) is positioned inside a magnetic field generating means (or inductor) (50), such as a stator, for example of annular shape (not shown in the figure).
- the inductor (50) may be connected to one or more power supply devices to enable or disable the magnetic field.
- the inductor (50) is preferably connected to a rotational drive device along the axis (70). This device can typically be a motor.
- the bucket (60) is preferably held fixed during the rotation of the inductor (50).
- the energy composition (system (oxidizing (10) / reducing (20)) composition) is inactive, but may be activated by rotating the inductor (50) in operation.
- the driving particles (30) are set in motion by the induced magnetic field so as to mix the oxidizing (10) and reducing (20) compositions.
- Operating inductor (50) is understood to mean that it generates a magnetic field traversing the oxidizing (210) and reducing (220) compositions.
- the stacking direction of the layers represented on the figures1 and 2 can be reversed (parallel to the axis of rotation (70)) if such a configuration has a better performance in terms of mixing ability. Any other intermediate orientations may be retained if they are of interest in view of the nature of the products to be mixed and the mode of agitation.
- the figure 2 represents a diagrammatic section of another variant of this device in which the cup (260) contains an oxidizing composition (210) on which has been deposited a layer of driving particles (230) on which has been deposited a reducing layer (220) .
- the layer of motive particles (230) makes it possible to isolate the oxidizing (210) and reducing (220) compositions.
- This total composition system (oxidizing composition (10) / reducing agent (20)))
- the mixture of the compositions is produced by rotating the operating inductor (250) along the axis (270), which mixes the oxidizing (210) and reducing (220) compositions as a result of the implementation. movement of the motor particles (230) by the induced magnetic field.
- the mixing is carried out until a homogeneous composition is obtained with an intimate mixture of the oxidizing (10,210) and reducing (20,220) compositions.
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne le domaine des compositions énergétiques, et en particulier des compositions énergétiques qui peuvent être intégrées dans des systèmes pyrotechniques, notamment de l'industrie militaire ou spatiale, comme les inflammateurs, les détonateurs ou des dispositifs intégrant ces éléments.The present invention relates to the field of energy compositions, and in particular to energetic compositions that can be integrated into pyrotechnic systems, in particular of the military or space industry, such as igniters, detonators or devices incorporating these elements.
La composition énergétique est considérée comme étant l'élément primaire de la chaîne. La composition énergétique utilisée en début de la chaîne pyrotechnique est le plus souvent une composition sensible (composition primaire) afin de permettre la mise en régime de la chaîne pyrotechnique. Du fait de leur sensibilité élevée, il est nécessaire de se prémunir du fonctionnement accidentel de ces dernières.The energy composition is considered to be the primary element of the chain. The energy composition used at the beginning of the pyrotechnic chain is most often a sensitive composition (primary composition) in order to allow the setting up of the pyrotechnic chain. Because of their high sensitivity, it is necessary to guard against the accidental operation of the latter.
Le fonctionnement normal du système pyrotechnique est généralement mis en oeuvre par un effet mécanique, thermique ou électrique, de faible puissance.The normal operation of the pyrotechnic system is generally implemented by a mechanical effect, thermal or electrical, low power.
Un fonctionnement accidentel conduisant au déclenchement de la chaîne pyrotechnique peut causer des dommages importants, que ce soit en termes humain ou de matériel. Il est nécessaire de se prémunir d'un fonctionnement accidentel des compositions énergétiques pour en assurer un niveau de sécurité compatible avec les exigences de muratisation du système (en référence au label MURAT - « Munition à Risques Attenués », ou IM - « Insensitive Munitions » en anglais). Une munition possédant le label MURAT est une munition qui satisfait aux conditions exigées en matière de performances, de disponibilité et de mise en oeuvre, mais pour laquelle on a réduit au minimum la probabilité d'un fonctionnement intempestif et des dommages collatéraux qui en résulteraient lorsqu'elle est soumise à des sollicitations accidentelles. Le caractère MURAT d'une munition en constitue une performance intrinsèque, indépendante du cycle de vie, définie pour une configuration donnée. Les labels MURAT sont définis dans l'instruction DGA/IPE n° 260 édition de juillet 1993 : "Doctrine nationale française en matière de munitions à risques atténués".Accidental operation leading to the triggering of the pyrotechnic chain can cause significant damage, whether in human terms or equipment. It is necessary to guard against an accidental operation of the energy compositions to ensure a level of safety compatible with the requirements of muratization of the system (in reference to the label MURAT - "Ammunition at Risk Attenuated", or IM - "Insensitive Munitions" in English). A munition bearing the MURAT mark is an ammunition that meets the performance, availability, and implementation requirements, but for which the probability of inadvertent operation and collateral damage resulting therefrom has been minimized. it is subject to accidental solicitations. The MURAT character of a munition is an intrinsic performance, independent of the life cycle, defined for a given configuration. The MURAT labels are defined in DGA / IPE Instruction No. 260, July 1993 edition: "French National Doctrine for Attenuated Ammunition".
Des procédés classiques de désensibilisation d'un matériau énergétique consistent à élever le seuil de sensibilité aux différentes formes de sollicitations, au détriment de sa performance. Il existe plusieurs variantes de ce procédé, ayant trait aux explosifs intrinsèques, tels que la nitroglycérine (
Actuellement les besoins industriels sont satisfaits par la préparation de substances énergétiques primaires pouvant être désensibilisés par ingénierie des matériaux. L'exemple le plus connu est celui du procédé d'Alfred Nobel pour désensibiliser aux chocs la nitroglycérine en l'imprégnant dans différentes substances poreuses. La dynamite ainsi obtenue, quoiqu'elle soit peu sensible, demeure un explosif susceptible de détoner sous l'effet d'une sollicitation d'intensité suffisamment élevée. Ce type de procédé insensibilise le matériau au détriment de ses performances. En d'autres termes, un matériau énergétique primaire n'est jamais rendu totalement inerte.Currently industrial needs are met by the preparation of primary energy substances that can be desensitized by materials engineering. The best-known example is that of the Alfred Nobel process for desensitizing nitroglycerin to shock by impregnating it into different porous substances. The dynamite thus obtained, although it is not very sensitive, remains an explosive liable to detonate under the effect of a solicitation of sufficiently high intensity. This type of process insensitizes the material to the detriment of its performance. In other words, a primary energy material is never rendered totally inert.
Le désalignement des éléments primaires d'une chaîne pyrotechnique constitue un artifice physique permettant d'atteindre le niveau de sécurité requis en séparant les éléments actifs de la chaine pyrotechnique et à ne les réunir qu'au moment où cela est nécessaire, dans les conditions de tir ou d'allumage prévues.The misalignment of the primary elements of a pyrotechnic train is a physical device to achieve the required level of safety by separating the active elements of the pyrotechnic chain and to bring them together only when it is necessary, under the conditions of firing or ignition provided.
Les procédés actuellement utilisés impliquent l'intégration de substances énergétiques sensibles susceptibles de donner lieu à une réaction pyrotechnique en cas de sollicitations accidentelles au cours du stockage ou de l'utilisation, dans des armements ou d'autres systèmes qui les contiennent. Ces sollicitations peuvent intervenir lors de la manutention, du vieillissement, d'un incendie, ou par un coup au but, etc. Les conséquences d'une réaction pyrotechnique accidentelle peuvent aller de la neutralisation à la destruction du système et présenter un coût et des dommages matériels et humains associés. Enfin, la réglementation applicable dans le transport et la manipulation des matières explosives nécessite des conditions particulières, lourdes et coûteuses à mettre en place.The processes currently used involve the integration of sensitive energy substances likely to give rise to a pyrotechnic reaction in case of accidental solicitations during storage or use, in weapons or other systems that contain them. These demands can occur during handling, aging, fire, or a blow to the goal, etc. The consequences of an accidental pyrotechnic reaction can range from neutralization to system destruction and present cost and associated material and human damage. Finally, the regulations applicable in the transport and handling of explosive materials require special conditions, heavy and expensive to implement.
La séparation initiale des phases constitutives de la composition primaire de la chaîne pyrotechnique est actuellement une technique de désensibilisation ultime du matériau énergétique. De plus, ce procédé résout les problèmes provenant des contraintes réglementaires s'appliquant à toute substance pyrotechnique (stockage, installations classées, transport) compte tenu de l'absence de matériau énergétique constitué.The initial separation of the constitutive phases of the primary composition of the pyrotechnic chain is currently a technique of ultimate desensitization of the energetic material. In addition, this method solves the problems arising from the regulatory constraints applying to any pyrotechnic substance (storage, classified installations, transport) in view of the absence of energetic material constituted.
L'invention a pour but de résoudre l'ensemble des problèmes techniques mentionnés ci-dessus, et en particulier les problèmes techniques et réglementaires liés à l'emploi de matériaux énergétiques constitués.The invention aims to solve all of the technical problems mentioned above, and in particular the technical and regulatory problems related to the use of energetic materials.
En particulier, l'invention a pour but de fournir une composition énergétique présentant un très haut niveau de sécurité du point de vue pyrotechnique, notamment pour faciliter la muratisation des systèmes l'incluant.In particular, the invention aims to provide an energy composition having a very high level of security from a pyrotechnic point of view, in particular to facilitate the muratisation of systems including it.
L'invention a notamment pour but de fournir une composition énergétique qui ne s'active pas suite à des sollicitations accidentelles pouvant intervenir lors du cycle de vie du produit.The invention particularly aims to provide an energy composition that does not activate following accidental solicitations that may occur during the product life cycle.
L'invention a également pour but de fournir une composition énergétique disponible uniquement lorsqu'elle est nécessaire et sans affecter ses performances énergétiques.The invention also aims to provide an energy composition available only when it is necessary and without affecting its energy performance.
L'invention a également pour but de fournir un procédé permettant d'activer cette composition énergétique, et de dispositifs le mettant en oeuvre.The invention also aims to provide a method for activating this energy composition, and devices implementing it.
L'invention concerne une composition énergétique susceptible d'être activée en mélangeant ses constituants élémentaires individuellement inertes.The invention relates to an energetic composition that can be activated by mixing its individual inert constituents.
L'invention concerne une composition énergétique comprenant des particules ferromagnétiques ou aimantées, de dimension micrométrique à centimétrique, dites particules motrices, et au moins deux types de composés solides pulvérulents de dimension nanométrique initialement physiquement séparés, dits précurseurs inertes de composition énergétique finale, ladite composition énergétique étant susceptible d'être activée du point de vue pyrotechnique par mélange des précurseurs inertes de composition énergétique finale par agitation desdites particules motrices soit au moyen d'un champ magnétique variant en fonction du temps.The invention relates to an energetic composition comprising ferromagnetic or magnetized particles of micrometric to centimeter dimension, referred to as motor particles, and at least two types of nanoparticulate solid particles initially physically separated, called inert precursors of final energy composition, said composition energy being capable of being activated from the pyrotechnic point of view by mixing the inert precursors of final energy composition by stirring said motor particles or by means of a magnetic field varying as a function of time.
La composition énergétique de l'invention comprend au moins deux types de composés précurseurs, qui physiquement séparés, sont inactifs du point de vue pyrotechnique, mais deviennent actifs du point de vue pyrotechnique lorsqu'ils sont mélangés. La composition de l'invention est donc une composition inerte du point de vue pyrotechnique qui devient active après mise en contact des précurseurs entre eux.The energy composition of the invention comprises at least two types of precursor compounds, which physically separate, are pyrotechnically inactive, but become pyrotechnically active when mixed. The composition of the invention is therefore a pyrotechnically inert composition which becomes active after bringing the precursors into contact with each other.
L'invention consiste donc en une composition énergétique qui peut être activée du point de vue pyrotechnique en mélangeant ses constituants élémentaires au moyen d'un champ magnétique variant au cours du temps et s'appliquant directement sur les particules. Les constituants élémentaires permettant d'activer la composition énergétique sont les précurseurs de composition énergétique finale. On entend par « actif » ou « activé » du point de vue pyrotechnique le fait de rendre la composition suffisamment énergétique pour son utilisation dans un dispositif pyrotechnique, notamment en tant que composition d'amorçage.The invention therefore consists of an energetic composition that can be activated from the pyrotechnic point of view by mixing its elementary constituents by means of a magnetic field varying over time and applying directly to the particles. The elementary constituents for activating the energy composition are the precursors of final energy composition. "Active" or "activated" from a pyrotechnic point of view means making the composition sufficiently energy for use in a pyrotechnic device, especially as a priming composition.
La taille des particules motrices doit être suffisante pour entraîner les précurseurs en mouvement et en assurer le mélange. Toutefois, l'inertie ne doit pas être trop importante afin d'éviter la mise à feu de la composition sous les effets de chocs ou de friction produits par les mouvements des particules motrices. Le dimensionnel des particules motrices est généralement compris entre 0,1 et 10000 micromètres.The size of the motive particles must be sufficient to drive the precursors in motion and to ensure their mixing. However, the inertia must not be too great to avoid firing of the composition under the effects of shocks or friction produced by the motions motions. The size of the motive particles is generally between 0.1 and 10,000 microns.
Les particules motrices présentent généralement une forme géométrique déplaçant la plus grande quantité possible de matières les environnant lorsqu'elles entrent en mouvement. À cet effet, les particules motrices se présentent de préférence sous forme de plaquettes ou lamelles, éventuellement crantées.The motor particles generally have a geometric shape displacing the largest possible amount of surrounding matter as they move. For this purpose, the motor particles are preferably in the form of platelets or lamellae, optionally notched.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les particules motrices ferromagnétiques, qui sont directement animées par le champ magnétique, sont choisies parmi le fer, le cobalt, le nickel, un alliage d'Heusler, la famille des lanthanides, oxydes mixtes de fer II et de fer III, et les ferrites. Les ferrites peuvent être définis par la formule (MO ; Fe2O3) où M est un métal divalent. Un représentant bien connu est la magnétite Fe3O4 (FeO ; Fe2O3).According to one embodiment, the ferromagnetic motor particles, which are directly driven by the magnetic field, are chosen from iron, cobalt, nickel, a Heusler alloy, the family of lanthanides, mixed iron oxides II and iron III, and ferrites. Ferrites can be defined by the formula (MO, Fe 2 O 3 ) where M is a divalent metal. A well-known representative is magnetite Fe 3 O 4 (FeO, Fe 2 O 3 ).
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, les particules motrices aimantées, qui sont directement animées par le champ magnétique, sont choisies parmi les aimants permanents. Parmi les aimants permanents on peut citer le Nd-B-Fe, les aimants de chimie de coordination comme les composés [MII(Rtrz)3]A2·xH2O où les ions métalliques M (Fe", Zn") sont reliés entre eux par des ligands triazole (trz) greffés en position 4 par un groupement R (généralement une chaîne alkyle), A- correspond au contre-ion utilisé, par exemple Cl- ou l'ion paratolylsufonate ; les aimants organo-métalliques comme par exemple le [Fe(Me5Cp)2][TCNE], où Me5Cp est le pentaméthylcyclopentadiényl et TCNE le tétracyanoéthylène ou le V(TCNE)2 (di-tétracyanoéthylénure de vanadium); et les aimants purement organiques.According to another embodiment, the magnetized motor particles, which are directly driven by the magnetic field, are chosen from permanent magnets. Among the permanent magnets, mention may be made of Nd-B-Fe, coordination chemistry magnets such as the compounds [M II (Rtrz) 3 ] A 2 · xH 2 O where the metal ions M (Fe ", Zn") are interconnected by triazole ligands (trz) grafted in position 4 by a group R (generally an alkyl chain), A - corresponds to the counterion used, for example Cl - or ion paratolylsufonate; organometallic magnets, for example [Fe (Me 5 Cp) 2 ] [TCNE], wherein Me 5 Cp is pentamethylcyclopentadienyl and TCNE is tetracyanoethylene or V (TCNE) 2 (vanadium di-tetracyanoethylenethane); and purely organic magnets.
Les précurseurs de la composition énergétique finale forment avantageusement un système redox comprenant une composition oxydante et une composition réductrice.The precursors of the final energy composition advantageously form a redox system comprising an oxidizing composition and a reducing composition.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, la composition oxydante et la composition réductrice sont physiquement séparées par une couche intermédiaire pouvant inclure des particules motrices. Typiquement l'épaisseur de la couche de particules motrices est comprise entre 0,2 et 5 mm, et peut être par exemple d'environ 1 mm. La séparation de la composition oxydante de la composition réductrice par la couche de particules motrices permet une inactivation encore plus fiable de la composition énergétique.According to a particular embodiment, the oxidizing composition and the reducing composition are physically separated by an intermediate layer that may include motor particles. Typically the thickness of the layer of driving particles is between 0.2 and 5 mm, and can be for example about 1 mm. The separation of the oxidizing composition from the reducing composition by the layer of motive particles allows an even more reliable inactivation of the energy composition.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation particulier, la composition oxydante et la composition réductrice, séparées physiquement, par exemple par une membrane, un opercule ou un diaphragme, comprennent ou non chacune des particules motrices.According to another particular embodiment, the oxidizing composition and the reducing composition physically separated, for example by a membrane, a lid or a diaphragm, comprise or not each of the driving particles.
La composition énergétique est activée par agitation des particules motrices qui pénètrent et se déplacent dans la composition oxydante et la composition réductrice. Sous l'effet de l'agitation des particules motrices, les compositions oxydante et réductrice se mélangent, activant ainsi la composition énergétique.The energetic composition is activated by stirring the motive particles which penetrate and move in the oxidizing composition and the reducing composition. Under the effect of the agitation of the motor particles, the oxidizing and reducing compositions mix, thus activating the energy composition.
En général, la teneur en particules motrices nécessaire pour assurer le mélange se situe entre 1 et 20 %, et de préférence entre 1 et 5%, en masse de la masse totale de la composition énergétique. Cette proportion reste modeste et n'est pas suffisamment élevée pour altérer significativement les performances énergétiques de la composition finale activée.In general, the content of motor particles necessary to ensure the mixing is between 1 and 20%, and preferably between 1 and 5%, by mass of the total mass of the energy composition. This proportion remains modest and is not high enough to significantly alter the energy performance of the activated final composition.
L'homogénéisation de la composition énergétique est d'autant plus efficace que les particules des précurseurs sont de petites tailles. Selon un mode de réalisation, les précurseurs de la composition énergétique finale sont des poudres de dimension nanométrique. Le diamètre des particules élémentaires est généralement compris entre 1 et 300 nm, et de préférence inférieure à 100 nm. L'agitation des particules motrices permet le foisonnement des précurseurs, en favorise l'interpénétration, et par conséquent, favorise l'efficacité et l'homogénéité du mélange.The homogenization of the energy composition is all the more effective as the particles of the precursors are small. According to one embodiment, the precursors of the final energy composition are nanoscale powders. The diameter of the elementary particles is generally between 1 and 300 nm, and preferably less than 100 nm. The agitation of the motor particles allows the proliferation of precursors, promotes interpenetration, and therefore promotes the efficiency and homogeneity of the mixture.
De préférence, la taille des particules motrices est supérieure d'au moins un ordre de grandeur à celle des plus gros agrégats des particules de précurseurs. Une taille idéale des particules motrices se situe entre 1 µm et un centimètre.Preferably, the size of the driving particles is at least an order of magnitude larger than the larger aggregates of the precursor particles. An ideal size of the motor particles is between 1 μm and one centimeter.
De préférence, les précurseurs de la composition énergétique finale sont des constituants des nanothermites. Les nanothermites (« metastable intermolecular composites » - MICs) sont un mélange très fin, à l'échelle nanométrique, d'un oxydant et d'un réducteur.Preferably, the precursors of the final energy composition are constituents of the nanothermites. Nanothermites ("metastable intermolecular composites" - MICs) are a very fine mixture, at the nanoscale, of an oxidant and a reducing agent.
Parmi les nanothermites on peut citer les compositions aluminium-oxyde de molybdène(VI), comme Al-MoO3; les compositions aluminium-oxyde de cuivre(II), comme Al-CuO ; les compositions Aluminium-oxydes de fer(II,III), comme Al-Fe2O3; les compositions aluminium-oxyde de tungstène(VI), comme Al-WO3; les compositions aluminium-oxyde de bismuth(III), comme Al-Bi2O3; les compositions aluminium-oxyde de manganèse(IV), comme Al-MnO2; les mélanges de permanganate de potassium avec de l'antimoine ; les mélanges de permanganate de potassium avec de l'aluminium, comme Al-KMnO4; les mélanges de permanganate de potassium avec du bore, comme B-KMnO4; les hydrates d'oxydes aluminium-tungsten(VI); les composés Titane-bore, et les aluminium-fluoropolymères. Des nanothermites peuvent également être formulées en mélangeant des poudres d'oxydes métalliques avec des métaux réducteurs tels que le bore, le magnésium, le titane, le zirconium, le hafnium, le zinc ainsi que certains éléments appartenant à la famille des terres rares.Among the nanothermites mention may be made of aluminum-molybdenum oxide (VI) compositions, such as Al-MoO 3 ; aluminum-copper oxide (II) compositions, such as Al-CuO; Iron-aluminum oxide compositions (II, III), such as Al-Fe 2 O 3 ; aluminum-tungsten oxide (VI) compositions, such as Al-WO 3 ; aluminum-bismuth (III) oxide compositions, such as Al-Bi 2 O 3 ; aluminum-manganese oxide (IV) compositions, such as Al-MnO 2 ; mixtures of potassium permanganate with antimony; mixtures of potassium permanganate with aluminum, such as Al-KMnO 4 ; mixtures of potassium permanganate with boron, such as B-KMnO 4 ; hydrates of aluminum-tungsten oxides (VI); Titanium-boron compounds, and aluminum-fluoropolymers. Nanothermites can also be formulated in mixing powders of metal oxides with reducing metals such as boron, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, zinc as well as some elements belonging to the rare earth family.
Le PTFE ou d'autres fluoropolymères peuvent être utilisés comme liants des nanothermites.PTFE or other fluoropolymers can be used as nanothermite binders.
Les nanothermites sont avantageuses puisqu'elles possèdent un potentiel énergétique et une sensibilité thermique permettant un allumage par fil chaud, fil détonant, impulsion laser, flamme, plasma ou décharge capacitive. Leurs constituants, métaux ou oxydes métalliques, possèdent une excellente stabilité dans le temps, y compris en conditions extrêmes (variations de températures, etc.). Cette dernière caractéristique revêt une importance capitale pour le développement de systèmes intégrables dans des missiles.Nanothermites are advantageous since they have an energy potential and a thermal sensitivity allowing ignition by hot wire, detonating wire, laser pulse, flame, plasma or capacitive discharge. Their constituents, metals or metal oxides, have excellent stability over time, including in extreme conditions (temperature variations, etc.). This last characteristic is of paramount importance for the development of systems integrable into missiles.
La composition énergétique de l'invention peut être complexe et comprendre des molécules organiques, énergétiques ou inertes, utilisées par exemple en tant que substances génératrices de gaz, comme des propergols par exemple.The energetic composition of the invention can be complex and comprise organic molecules, energetic or inert, used for example as gas-generating substances, such as propellants for example.
En outre la composition énergétique de l'invention peut constituer avantageusement une composition d'allumage ou d'amorçage d'un système pyrotechnique.In addition, the energy composition of the invention may advantageously constitute an ignition or priming composition of a pyrotechnic system.
L'invention concerne également un dispositif comprenant une ou plusieurs compositions énergétiques inactives telles que définies précédemment, et un ou plusieurs moyens générateurs de champ magnétique variant en fonction du temps pour activer ladite composition énergétique du point de vue pyrotechnique.The invention also relates to a device comprising one or more inactive energy compositions as defined above, and one or more time-varying magnetic field generating means for activating said pyrotechnic energy composition.
De préférence la position des lignes de champ varie en fonction du temps. Par exemple le champ magnétique est mis en rotation. Ceci peut s'effectuer simplement en mettant en rotation le ou les moyens générateurs de champ magnétique.Preferably the position of the field lines varies as a function of time. For example, the magnetic field is rotated. This can be done simply by rotating the magnetic field generating means or means.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le moyen générateur de champ magnétique est choisi parmi un ou plusieurs aimants permanents mécaniquement mobiles, un ou plusieurs solénoïdes, un ou plusieurs électroaimants alimentés par une source de courant oscillant ou continu, et l'une quelconque de leurs combinaisons.According to one embodiment, the magnetic field generating means is selected from one or more mechanically movable permanent magnets, one or more solenoids, one or more electromagnets powered by an oscillating or continuous current source, and any of their combinations. .
Avantageusement, les moyens générateurs de champ magnétique sont disposés autour de ladite composition énergétique inactive, et génèrent de préférence un champ magnétique traversant sensiblement l'ensemble de la composition énergétique.Advantageously, the magnetic field generating means are arranged around said inactive energy composition, and preferably generate a magnetic field substantially passing through the entire energy composition.
Selon une variante, le dispositif de l'invention comprend un moyen d'entraînement, tel qu'un moteur, entraînant en rotation le moyen générateur de champ magnétique pour agiter les particules motrices afin de mettre en contact les précurseurs entre eux , et ainsi générer la composition énergétique activée.According to one variant, the device of the invention comprises a drive means, such as a motor, rotating the magnetic field generating means for agitating the motive particles in order to bring the precursors into contact with one another, and thus generate the activated energy composition.
On peut prévoir que le dispositif comprenne un moyen d'activation du champ magnétique à distance.It can be provided that the device comprises means for activating the remote magnetic field.
Selon une variante préférée, le dispositif de l'invention est intégré dans un système pyrotechnique, et par exemple un système pyrotechnique militaire. L'invention couvre donc en particulier une charge militaire, un obus, une roquette, un missile notamment un missile d'interception ou de croisière, ou tout autre armement comprenant un système pyrotechnique selon l'invention. L'invention couvre également des systèmes pour détonateurs de très haute sécurité utilisés dans le cadre d'applications civiles.According to a preferred variant, the device of the invention is integrated in a pyrotechnic system, and for example a military pyrotechnic system. The invention thus covers in particular a military load, a shell, a rocket, a missile including an interception or cruise missile, or any other armament comprising a pyrotechnic system according to the invention. The invention also covers systems for very high security detonators used in the context of civil applications.
Typiquement le dispositif de l'invention est intégré dans un inflammateur, un détonateur ou un élément de système pyrotechnique, notamment militaire. Un tel dispositif procure un niveau de sécurité très important facilitant l'obtention du label MURAT.Typically the device of the invention is integrated in an igniter, a detonator or a pyrotechnic system element, including military. Such a device provides a very important level of security making it easier to obtain the MURAT label.
L'architecture du dispositif utilisé pour faire varier le champ magnétique dépend de la nature des substances à mélanger et des spécificités de l'application envisagée. Ainsi le dispositif de l'invention peut prendre toute géométrie appropriée au mélange des précurseurs par l'agitation des particules motrices sous l'influence du champ magnétique seul ou associé à un moyen de mélange complémentaire.The architecture of the device used to vary the magnetic field depends on the nature of the substances to be mixed and the specificities of the application envisaged. Thus the device of the invention can take any geometry appropriate to the mixture of precursors by the agitation of the driving particles under the influence of the magnetic field alone or associated with a complementary mixing means.
Les systèmes pyrotechniques de l'invention sont des systèmes de dimension centimétrique (telles que des inflammateurs ou détonateurs).The pyrotechnic systems of the invention are centimeter-sized systems (such as igniters or detonators).
L'invention permet l'activation de la composition énergétique d'un système pyrotechnique dans les instants qui précèdent sa mise à feu. Avant le déclenchement de l'activation, le système pyrotechnique est totalement inerte puisque les éléments primaires de la composition énergétique, qui sont insensibles séparément, ne sont pas associés.The invention allows the activation of the energy composition of a pyrotechnic system in the moments that precede its firing. Before triggering the activation, the pyrotechnic system is completely inert since the primary elements of the energy composition, which are insensitive separately, are not associated.
Pour assurer une sécurité maximale, les compositions de précurseurs (par exemple compositions oxydante et réductrice) de l'invention peuvent être séparées par un système de séparation physique, par exemple par une membrane ou un diaphragme. Ce système de séparation physique peut être éliminé juste avant mélange des deux compositions de précurseurs, par exemple par perforation ou ouverture. Le dispositif de l'invention peut donc comprendre un moyen de perforation ou d'ouverture du système de séparation physique.To provide maximum safety, the precursor compositions (eg, oxidizing and reducing compositions) of the invention may be separated by a physical separation system, for example by a membrane or a diaphragm. This physical separation system can be eliminated just before mixing the two precursor compositions, for example by perforation or opening. The device of the invention may therefore comprise means for perforating or opening the physical separation system.
L'invention concerne également un procédé d'activation d'une composition énergétique, dans lequel ladite composition énergétique comprend des particules ferromagnétiques ou aimantées de dimension micrométrique à centimétrique, dites particules motrices, et au moins deux types de composés solides pulvérulents de dimension nanométrique initialement physiquement séparés, dits précurseurs inertes de composition énergétique finale, cette composition étant telle que définie précédemment, ledit procédé comprenant :
- (i) l'agitation desdites particules motrices soit au moyen d'un champ magnétique variant en fonction du temps pour mélanger les précurseurs de la composition énergétique, et
- (ii) l'activation de la composition énergétique par mise en contact des précurseur inertes entre eux.
- (i) agitating said motive particles either by means of a time-varying magnetic field for mixing the precursors of the energy composition, and
- (ii) activating the energetic composition by contacting the inert precursors with each other.
Typiquement, le champ magnétique est produit un ou plusieurs aimants permanents mécaniquement mobiles et/ou par un ou plusieurs solénoïdes et/ou un ou plusieurs électroaimants alimentés par une source de courant oscillant ou continu.Typically, the magnetic field is produced one or more mechanically mobile permanent magnets and / or one or more solenoids and / or one or more electromagnets powered by an oscillating or continuous current source.
Par exemple, un assemblage de solénoïdes peut être utilisé pour déplacer les particules motrices dans la totalité du volume qu'occupe la composition activée. Les champs générés sont ainsi contrôlés afin d'assurer un mouvement permettant l'homogénéisation efficace des constituants de la composition.For example, a solenoid assembly may be used to move the motive particles throughout the entire volume occupied by the activated composition. The generated fields are thus controlled to ensure a movement allowing the effective homogenization of the constituents of the composition.
Le procédé de l'invention permet de mélanger les précurseurs avec un temps de mélange compatible pour l'utilisation de la composition dans un système pyrotechnique, par exemple dans un missile. Le temps de mélange est de l'ordre de quelques secondes (missile d'interception) à quelques minutes (missile de croisière). Typiquement le temps de mélange est compris entre 0,1 seconde et 5 minutes. De préférence, l'agitation ou le mélange est réalisé jusqu'à l'obtention d'une composition énergétique homogène, c'est-à-dire que les précurseurs soient intimement mélangés.The process of the invention makes it possible to mix the precursors with a compatible mixing time for the use of the composition in a pyrotechnic system, for example in a missile. The mixing time is of the order of a few seconds (interception missile) to a few minutes (cruise missile). Typically the mixing time is between 0.1 seconds and 5 minutes. Preferably stirring or mixing is carried out until a homogeneous energetic composition is obtained, i.e. the precursors are intimately mixed.
Selon une variante, après activation de la composition énergétique, les particules motrices sont retirées du mélange, notamment par l'action d'un champ magnétique plus puissant.According to a variant, after activation of the energy composition, the motor particles are removed from the mixture, in particular by the action of a stronger magnetic field.
Selon une variante, après activation de la composition énergétique, celle-ci peut être comprimée.Alternatively, after activation of the energy composition, it can be compressed.
Le procédé de l'invention consiste donc à produire une composition énergétique au moment où elle doit être utilisée, à partir de précurseurs inertes. Parmi les avantages découlant de la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé on peut notamment citer :
- un niveau de sécurité très élevé voire absolu, le matériau énergétique n'étant formé qu'au moment de son utilisation ;
- les performances du matériau énergétique ne sont pas altérées dans le temps ;
- les contraintes réglementaires inhérentes à la fabrication, la manipulation, le stockage, le transport et la mise en oeuvre des substances énergétiques sont sans objet ;
- la compacité du système intégrant le dispositif de l'invention permet d'envisager l'embarquement dans différents systèmes militaires ou spatiaux ;
- le procédé est particulièrement adapté à la fabrication d'une composition d'amorçage, ce qui élève de manière considérable le niveau de muratisation des armements dans lesquels elle peut être intégrée.
- a very high level of security even absolute, the energetic material being formed at the time of its use;
- the performances of the energetic material are not altered in time;
- the regulatory constraints inherent in the manufacture, handling, storage, transportation and use of energy substances are not applicable;
- the compactness of the system incorporating the device of the invention makes it possible to envisage boarding in different military or space systems;
- the method is particularly suitable for the manufacture of a priming composition, which raises considerably the level of muratization of weapons in which it can be integrated.
La
Le godet (60) est positionné à l'intérieur d'un moyen générateur de champ magnétique (ou inducteur) (50), tel qu'un stator, par exemple de forme annulaire (non représentée sur la figure). L'inducteur (50) peut être relié à un ou plusieurs dispositifs d'alimentation électrique afin d'activer ou non le champ magnétique. L'inducteur (50) est de préférence relié à un dispositif d'entraînement en rotation selon l'axe (70). Ce dispositif peut être typiquement un moteur. Le godet (60) est de préférence maintenu fixe lors de la rotation de l'inducteur (50). La composition énergétique (système {composition oxydante (10) /réductrice (20)}) est inactive, mais peut-être activée par la mise en rotation de l'inducteur (50) en fonctionnement. Les particules motrices (30) sont mises en mouvement par le champ magnétique induit de manière à mélanger les compositions oxydante (10) et réductrice (20). On entend par inducteur (50) en fonctionnement le fait qu'il génère un champ magnétique traversant les compositions oxydante (210) et réductrice (220). Le sens d'empilement des couches représentés sur les
La
De préférence, le mélange est réalisé jusqu'à l'obtention d'une composition homogène avec un mélange intime des compositions oxydante (10,210) et réductrice (20,220).Preferably, the mixing is carried out until a homogeneous composition is obtained with an intimate mixture of the oxidizing (10,210) and reducing (20,220) compositions.
Claims (16)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1250348A FR2985726B1 (en) | 2012-01-13 | 2012-01-13 | ACTIVATION OF ENERGETIC COMPOSITIONS BY MAGNETIC MIXTURE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2615077A1 true EP2615077A1 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
| EP2615077B1 EP2615077B1 (en) | 2020-05-06 |
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ID=46852090
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13151038.0A Active EP2615077B1 (en) | 2012-01-13 | 2013-01-11 | Activation of energetic compositions by magnetic mixing |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2615077B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2817786T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2985726B1 (en) |
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2012
- 2012-01-13 FR FR1250348A patent/FR2985726B1/en active Active
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- 2013-01-11 ES ES13151038T patent/ES2817786T3/en active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2615077B1 (en) | 2020-05-06 |
| ES2817786T3 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
| FR2985726B1 (en) | 2014-02-07 |
| FR2985726A1 (en) | 2013-07-19 |
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