EP2612983B1 - Appareil et procédé pour l'exploitation de sable pétrolifère - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé pour l'exploitation de sable pétrolifère Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2612983B1
EP2612983B1 EP12150055.7A EP12150055A EP2612983B1 EP 2612983 B1 EP2612983 B1 EP 2612983B1 EP 12150055 A EP12150055 A EP 12150055A EP 2612983 B1 EP2612983 B1 EP 2612983B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
casing
downhole apparatus
oil
conduit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12150055.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2612983A1 (fr
Inventor
Ki Chan
Yuzhin Qu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Quantum Technologie GmbH
Original Assignee
Quantum Technologie GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Quantum Technologie GmbH filed Critical Quantum Technologie GmbH
Priority to ES12150055.7T priority Critical patent/ES2482668T3/es
Priority to EP12150055.7A priority patent/EP2612983B1/fr
Priority to US13/346,563 priority patent/US20130168093A1/en
Priority to RU2014131934A priority patent/RU2014131934A/ru
Priority to CN201280065331.2A priority patent/CN104024568A/zh
Priority to KR1020147021814A priority patent/KR20140109477A/ko
Priority to CA2857587A priority patent/CA2857587A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2012/061503 priority patent/WO2013102501A1/fr
Priority to JP2014550655A priority patent/JP5695282B2/ja
Publication of EP2612983A1 publication Critical patent/EP2612983A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2612983B1 publication Critical patent/EP2612983B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for in situ mobilizing of heavy oil or crude oil by steam injection.
  • Oil sand as well referred to as tar sand, comprises sand grains coated with tar like petroleum crude oil, briefly referred to as crude oil.
  • the crude oil in the oil sand has a high viscosity and must be heated or diluted to flow.
  • In-situ exploitation of oil sands can be accomplished by "steam assisted gravity drainage", abbreviated as SAGD.
  • SAGD uses a horizontally extending steam injection well forming a steam generation chamber for mobilizing the crude oil in the oil sand.
  • the mobilized crude oil pours downward and is recovered by a second horizontally extending well, as so called production well, as disclosed in US2001/0278001A1 .
  • the steam can be either produced by above ground facilities or downhole by an electrical heater as suggested by US-Patent 4,805,698 .
  • the water is supplied from above ground by a water supply line.
  • the electrical steam generator heats the water to generate steam.
  • the steam is injected into the sand and mobilizes the crude oil, which is collected by adjacent production wells.
  • US 2005/072567 A1 discloses a system for treating a wellbore using a loop system to heat oil in a subterranean formation contacted by the well bore.
  • Steam is produced either by on ground facilities and provided by a steam line to the downhole apparatus of the system or by a boiler being part of the downhole apparatus. In both cases steam is injected via the steam line in the subterranean formation to thereby mobilize the crude oil, which is recovered by a crude oil line that may be part of the downhole apparatus.
  • US 5,085,275 A shows a downhole apparatus for oil sand exploitation comprising a casing through which a steam tube extends to a steam outlet. Steam generated at a boiler located on the ground or surface is supplied through the steam tube. Reservoir fluids are conveyed through an opening through a production tube to the surface
  • US 4,116,275 A shows a similar downhole apparatus for oil sand exploitation comprising a casing through which an outer steam tube extends to a steam outlet. Steam generated at a boiler located on the ground or surface is supplied through the steam tube and reservoir fluids are conveyed through an opening through an inner tube to the surface
  • US 4,127,169 A shows a apparatus with a casing including passages for electric cables, water and the like.
  • the casing are electrodes as heating elements for generating steam which is emitted through outlets.
  • the problem to be solved by the invention is to improve in-situ oil sand exploitation.
  • the downhole apparatus for oil sand exploitation comprises a least a casing which houses a water conduit for receiving water via a water pipe and at least one steam generation chamber being in fluid communication with said water conduit and having at least one steam outlet.
  • the steam generation chamber is thermally connected to an electrical heater.
  • the downhole apparatus further comprises at least one crude oil conduit for recovering crude oil, which has been mobilized by said steam.
  • Such downhole apparatus permits to inject steam for mobilization of the crude oil into the oil sand and to recover the crude oil by a single apparatus, and thus requires only a single bore.
  • the casing may preferably house the at least one crude oil conduit.
  • the casing may for example be or include a multiple conduit tube, wherein the at least one water conduit and the at least one crude oil conduit are each at least one of the multiple conduits. This permits a stable design of the housing.
  • the at least one steam generation chamber is supported by the peripheral surface of the casing. This position of the steam generation chamber permits a simple injection of the steam generated in said steam generation chamber into the oil sand.
  • the downhole apparatus may have one or more bundles.
  • the one or more bundles of steam generation chambers permit homogeneous injection of steam and thus an efficient exploitation of the oils sand. Because the one or more bundles of steam generation chambers are arranged around the casing, the one or more bundles also act to maintain or raise a temperature of the casing which aids in removal of crude oil from a reservoir (via the crude oil conduit in the casing).
  • Each steam generation chamber preferably has a cladding compartment surrounding a heater tube.
  • the heater tube may house at least one electrical heater cartridge. This permits on the one hand to efficiently heat the water and on the other hand a simple replacement of the electrical heater cartridge in case of failure.
  • the heater tube preferably houses at least one spare electrical heater cartridge. This permits longer operating intervals between retracting the downhole apparatus.
  • the heater tube may be hollow and may have an interior containing a composition of inorganic compounds and possibly pure elemental species. Examples for such a composition are described in the patents US 6,132,823 , US 6,911,231 , US 6916,430 , US 6811720 and the application US2005/0056807 . Such composition acts as a thermally conductive material or medium to provide at least an almost perfect homogenous distribution by the heater tube of the heat provided by the heater cartridge.
  • the heater tube may as well be evacuated as suggested in the above references.
  • the heater tube may extend over the steam generation chamber, e.g. extend axially. Thus, at least one section of the heater tube extends out of the steam generation chamber into the bore.
  • the heater tube thus not only heats water inside the steam generation chamber to steam, but as well reheats steam or water that cooled in a reservoir after its injection. Therby the efficiency of the exploitation is enhanced.
  • the method for exploitation of an oil sand reservoir comprises at least the steps of producing steam in a steam generation chamber of a downhole apparatus, injecting said steam via steam outlets into the oil sand reservoir for mobilizing crude oil of the oil sand reservoir. At least part of the mobilized crude oils is recovered by said downhole apparatus.
  • This method reduces the minimum number of bores for in situ oil sand exploitation compared to SAGD, and thus the costs.
  • the oil sand exploitation system 100 in Figure 1 has a ground station 110 for housing the above ground facilities, like for example a controlling station 115 for monitoring and controlling the oil sand exploitation.
  • Ground station 110 may also include a power source to, for example, provide power to an extraction well.
  • Ground station 110 may include a water source, such as a reservoir, to provide water (e.g., fresh water) to an extraction well.
  • the ground station 110 is depicted as an onshore station, but can as well be a swimming station for exploitation of water covered oil sands.
  • the oil sand exploitation system 100 includes an extraction well 120 with a downhole apparatus inserted into bore 105.
  • the downhole apparatus includes a multi conduit tube like casing 130, e.g. for a power cable 230 (see Figure 2 ) for supplying power to downhole equipment, for example a protector 165, and/or a motor 153 for driving a well head and a well monitor device 140, as schematically depicted in Figure 1 .
  • the extraction well 120 includes a steam generator 200 which may be mounted to the peripheral surface of the casing 130. The steam generator 200 is explained below in more detail with respect to Figures 2 and 3 .
  • the steam generator 200 is positioned in this embodiment around casing 130 at a bottom or distal portion of casing 130, being positioned in a first preferably vertical section of the extraction bore 105.
  • the steam generator 200 injects steam preferably laterally into oil sand as shown in Figure 1 .
  • the steam mobilizes crude oil in the oil sand.
  • Extraction well 120 is configured to collect oil, in particular may the extraction well be configured to collect the mobilized crude oil in the oil sand.
  • casing 130 of the extraction well 120 includes one or more oil inlets 135 along its length that allow oil to infiltrate the casing.
  • Disposed within casing 130 is at least one oil conduit 125.
  • the oil conduit 125 extends from the bottom or distal portion of casing 130 to the above ground station 110. Oil that infiltrates casing 130 may enter oil conduit 125 at the conduit's distal end, e.g.
  • water inlets 135 may be pumped to the surface and fed to a production line 109 for example by a centrifugal pump 180 being preferybly arranged in the bottom or distal portion of casing 130.
  • a centrifugal pump 180 being preferybly arranged in the bottom or distal portion of casing 130.
  • water may be separated from the crude oil by separator 176.
  • an Electric Cable Clip 195 in the bottom or distal portion of casing 130 are an Electric Cable Clip 195, a Venting Valve 172, Single Flow Valve 185, a Power Cable 175, the Rotary Separator 176, a Protector 165, a Cable Head 162, a Motor 152 and Well Monitor Device 140.
  • the water spray holes 145 are preferably in fluid communication with steam generation means, for example with at least one of the steam generation chambers 375 (cf. Figure 3 ) and thus permit to inject steam into the oil sand for mobilizing crude oil.
  • FIG 2 shows a section of an isometric view of casing 130 including a steam generator 200 of extraction well 120.
  • the steam generator 200 comprises a bundle of heating members 300 (cf. Fig. 3 .)
  • the heating members 300 are arranged around the peripheral surface of the casing 130.
  • the casing 130 is tube like. Casing 130 and has multiple compartments or conduits around an inner periphery which may serve as water conduit 250 (for water from ground station 110 to steam generator 200), oil conduit 125 (for oil infiltrating oil inlets 135 in casing 130) or as cable conduit (for providing power to components in the casing (e.g., centrifugal pump 180, motor 152) and to heat cartridges associated with the steam generator 200).
  • water conduit 250 for water from ground station 110 to steam generator 200
  • oil conduit 125 for oil infiltrating oil inlets 135 in casing 130
  • cable conduit for providing power to components in the casing (e.g., centrifugal pump 180, motor 152) and to heat cartridges associated with
  • the steam generator 200 comprises a bundle of heating members 300 (cf. Figure 3 ).
  • the heating members 300 are arranged around the peripheral surface of the casing 130 and are each connected to the casing 130 by, for example, one or more weld connections. Where it is desired to have more than one bundle associated with a well like extraction well 120, the bundles may be stacked one above the other along the casing 130.
  • each heating member 300 includes a heater tube 310 and a steam generation chamber 375 respectively.
  • the front facing (upper) side of the heater tube 310 is closed by conical cap 330, which may be weld connected to the heater tube 310.
  • the rear facing side of the heater tube 310 may be closed by an end cap 340, which may preferably be a water tight but releasable connection, e.g. a threaded connection.
  • Heater tube 310, conical cap 330 and end cap 340 define a volume or chamber 335.
  • chamber 335 of heating member 300 is divided into a first portion and a second portion by cap 360 of a thermally conductive material such as a metal material (e.g., steel).
  • electrical heater cartridge 350 with positive and negative terminals located at a single end is positioned in a first portion of chamber 335 (proximal to cap 340).
  • Cap 360 may divide chamber 335 at a distance from a first end to be sufficient to allow heater cartridge 350 to be disposed in a first portion of chamber 335 but minimizes any additional volume for the first portion.
  • terminals 355 may extend into a volume of end cap 340.
  • End cap 340 preferably includes lateral opening 365 that is, for example, a threaded opening for power connection to terminals 355.
  • a conductor is fed through a peripheral conduit of casing 130 into lateral opening 365.
  • Current can be supplied to the conductor from an above ground power source in ground station 110.
  • Each steam generation chamber 375 is defined by, for example, cylindrical shell 320 a front wall 380 and a rear wall 370 connected by, for example, weld connections.
  • the front wall 380 and the rear wall 370 each have an opening through which a heater tube 310 is disposed.
  • the heater tube 310 extends axially through the steam generation chamber 375.
  • the connection of the heater tube 310 and the front wall 380 and/or the rear wall 370 may be a weld connection.
  • the electrical heater cartridge 350 is thermally connected to the heater tube 310 and electrically connected with a power line e.g. by power cable 230.
  • the power (e.g., electrical current) is preferably controlled by the controlling station 115 and may be ducted via a lateral opening like lateral opening 365.
  • a gasket may be used for sealing the cable feedthrough.
  • Inside heater tube 310 is a thermally conductive material like it is described in the US-Patents 6,132,823 ; 6,911,231 ; 6,916,430 ; 7,220,365 and United States Patent Publication No. 2005/0056807 .
  • Rear wall 370 of shell 320 includes inlet 395 for a water source to be connected thereto to provide water to steam generation chamber 375.
  • Water is provided from a water source at, for example, ground station 110 to steam generation chamber 375 by a peripheral conduit of casing 130 that is in fluid communication with inlet 395.
  • power may be supplied to the electrical heater cartridge 350.
  • the heater cartridge 350 thus produces heat, being transferred to the steam generation chamber 375 via the heater tube 310.
  • Steam develops inside the steam generation chamber 375 and escapes through steam outlet 390 into the oil sand.
  • a single flow pressure valve may be provided in the steam outlet 390. Thereby it can be avoided that foreign matter, like sand grains and the like enter the steam generation chamber 375. Further, the steam can be pressurized.
  • the mobilized crude oil can be collected via oil inlets 135 (see Figures 1 and 2 ), separated from water by rotary separator 176 and pumped by centrifugal pump 180 into the production line 109 a schematically represented in Figure 1 .
  • one or more tube bundles 200 of extraction well 120 may be used to generate and discharge steam into a petroleum reserve to, in the case of oil sands, provide sufficient liquidity to the crude oil in oil sands to allow its extraction through casing 130 and pumping conduit 125, and secondarily to heatas well the casing 130.
  • the temperature of the steam produced in the steam generation chamber 375 is monitored and/or controlled by controller 115.
  • a processing protocol delivered to control computer 115 may include instructions for receiving temperature measurements from at least one temperature sensor. Based on these measurements, instructions are provided in a machine-readable form to be executed by controller 115.
  • controller 115 executes the instructions to increase or decrease the power output to one or more heating rods 350 to achieve a target temperature in a range f (e.g., 250°C to 280°C). It is appreciated that controller 115 may be increasing power to some heating cartridges 350 while at the same time decreasing power to other heating cartridges 350. The controller 115 may alternatively or additionally control, i.e. enhance or reduce the water flow provided to the steam generation chamber(s) 375 to thereby control the steam temperature. Still further, controller 115 may be connected to pump 180 and other components in pumping conduit 125 and control the pump and/or other components based on program instructions to achieve a desired throughput from the well.
  • FIG 4 shows an another embodiment of an oil sand exploitation system.
  • oil sand exploitation system 400 includes ground station 410 for housing the above ground facilities, like for example, a controller 415, a power source and a water source. Similar to Figure 1 , the above ground station 410 is depicted as onshore station, but can as well be a swimming station for exploitation of water covered oil sands.
  • the system 400 includes a bore 405 into which an extraction well 420 with a downhole apparatus is inserted. In Figure 1 , the extraction well was inserted vertically or approximately vertically the entire length of the well. In Figure 4 , the extraction well 420 extends vertically through bore 405 at a ground surface of the well, but then extends laterally into the well.
  • the downhole apparatus includes casing 430 which is, for example a multi-conduit casing configured similar to casing 130 in Figure 1 , and one or more bundles of steam generators 500 configured similar to steam generators 200.
  • Figure 4 shows a single bundle disposed about and connected to a distal portion of casing 430. Water provided to each steam generation chamber of steam generator 500 is converted to steam by heat provided to the chamber by a heater tube containing a heater cartridge and a thermally conductive material as described above with reference to Figures 1-3 .
  • the steam is dispensed from steam outlets 490 of a steam generation chamber into the oil sands reservoir to mobilize oil in the oil sand.
  • Mobilized oil infiltrates casing 430 through oil inlets 435 and is pumped to the surface of the well.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Un appareil de fond de puits pour l'exploitation de sable pétrolifère, comprenant au moins :
    - un cuvelage (130) pour loger une conduite d'eau (250) pour recevoir de l'eau via un tuyau d'eau,
    - au moins une chambre de génération de vapeur (375) étant en communication fluide avec ladite conduite d'eau (250) et ayant au moins une sortie de vapeur (390),
    - au moins un chauffage électrique (350), étant thermiquement connecté à ladite chambre de génération de vapeur (375),
    - le cuvelage comprend de plus au moins un conduit de pétrole brut (135) pour récupérer du brut, qui a été mobilisé par ladite vapeur,
    caractérisé en ce que
    au moins la chambre de génération de vapeur (375) est soutenue par la surface périphérique du cuvelage (130).
  2. Appareil de fond de puits de la revendication 1
    caractérisé en ce que
    le cuvelage (130) loge au moins une conduite de pétrole brut (135).
  3. Appareil de fond de puits de l'une des revendications précédentes
    caractérisé en ce que
    le cuvelage (130) est un tube de conduite multiple où au moins une conduite d'eau (250) et au moins une conduite de pétrole brut (125) sont chacune des conduits multiples.
  4. Appareil de fond de puits de l'une des revendications précédentes
    caractérisé en ce que
    au moins deux chambres de génération de vapeur (375) sont disposées en paquets disposés autour de la surface périphérique du cuvelage (130).
  5. Appareil de fond de puits de l'une des revendications précédentes
    caractérisé en ce que
    - la chambre de génération de vapeur (130) a un compartiment avec revêtement entourant un tube du chauffage (310),
    - le tube du chauffage (310) abrite au moins une cartouche à chauffage électrique (350).
  6. Appareil de fond de puits de la revendication 5
    caractérisé en ce que
    le tube de chauffage (310) est creux et à une surface intérieure, la surface intérieure étant recouverte de sels inorganiques.
  7. Appareil de fond de puits de la revendication 6
    caractérisé en ce que le
    tube de chauffage (310) est évacué.
  8. Appareil de fond de puits de la revendication 5 à 7
    caractérisé en ce que
    le tube de chauffage (310) s'étend axialement sur la chambre de génération de vapeur (375).
  9. Une méthode d'exploitation d'un réservoir de sable pétrolifère comprenant au moins les étapes :
    - de production de vapeur dans un appareil de fond de puits selon la revendication 1,
    - d'injection de ladite vapeur via des sorties de vapeur (390) dans le réservoir de sable pétrolifère pour mobiliser du pétrole brut du réservoir de sable pétrolifère,
    - de récupération au moins d'une partie du pétrole brut par au moins une conduite de pétrole brut dudit appareil de fond de puits.
EP12150055.7A 2012-01-03 2012-01-03 Appareil et procédé pour l'exploitation de sable pétrolifère Not-in-force EP2612983B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES12150055.7T ES2482668T3 (es) 2012-01-03 2012-01-03 Aparato y procedimiento para la explotación de arenas petrolíferas
EP12150055.7A EP2612983B1 (fr) 2012-01-03 2012-01-03 Appareil et procédé pour l'exploitation de sable pétrolifère
US13/346,563 US20130168093A1 (en) 2012-01-03 2012-01-09 Apparatus and method for oil sand exploitation
CN201280065331.2A CN104024568A (zh) 2012-01-03 2012-06-15 用于油砂开采的设备和方法
RU2014131934A RU2014131934A (ru) 2012-01-03 2012-06-15 Устройство и способ разработки нефтяного песка
KR1020147021814A KR20140109477A (ko) 2012-01-03 2012-06-15 오일 샌드 개발 장치 및 방법
CA2857587A CA2857587A1 (fr) 2012-01-03 2012-06-15 Appareil et procede d'exploitation de sables bitumineux
PCT/EP2012/061503 WO2013102501A1 (fr) 2012-01-03 2012-06-15 Appareil et procédé d'exploitation de sables bitumineux
JP2014550655A JP5695282B2 (ja) 2012-01-03 2012-06-15 オイルサンドを開発するための機械一式および方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12150055.7A EP2612983B1 (fr) 2012-01-03 2012-01-03 Appareil et procédé pour l'exploitation de sable pétrolifère

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2612983A1 EP2612983A1 (fr) 2013-07-10
EP2612983B1 true EP2612983B1 (fr) 2014-05-21

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12150055.7A Not-in-force EP2612983B1 (fr) 2012-01-03 2012-01-03 Appareil et procédé pour l'exploitation de sable pétrolifère

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20130168093A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2612983B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5695282B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20140109477A (fr)
CN (1) CN104024568A (fr)
CA (1) CA2857587A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2482668T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2014131934A (fr)
WO (1) WO2013102501A1 (fr)

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US10273790B2 (en) 2014-01-14 2019-04-30 Precision Combustion, Inc. System and method of producing oil
EP3045794B1 (fr) * 2015-01-16 2019-05-15 Nexans Câble de fond de trou avec un tube non métallique intégré
KR20160128554A (ko) 2015-04-28 2016-11-08 세종대학교산학협력단 오일의 계면 특성 분석장치 및 그 방법
WO2017192766A1 (fr) 2016-05-03 2017-11-09 Energy Analyst LLC. Systèmes et procédés pour générer de la vapeur surchauffée avec un gaz de combustion variable pour une récupération améliorée de pétrole
WO2019064043A1 (fr) * 2017-09-28 2019-04-04 Total Sa Chauffage d'une zone d'un réservoir
CN108505977B (zh) * 2018-04-18 2020-04-21 吉林大学 一种利用套管式加热器开采天然气水合物的方法
CN110173679B (zh) * 2019-05-17 2020-08-21 重庆科技学院 一种可植入式微型蒸汽发生器
CN111502623B (zh) * 2020-05-08 2024-09-27 克拉玛依红山油田有限责任公司 管式冲砂注汽装置及工艺

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CA2857587A1 (fr) 2013-07-11
KR20140109477A (ko) 2014-09-15
WO2013102501A1 (fr) 2013-07-11
ES2482668T3 (es) 2014-08-04
JP2015503690A (ja) 2015-02-02
JP5695282B2 (ja) 2015-04-01
RU2014131934A (ru) 2016-02-27
EP2612983A1 (fr) 2013-07-10
US20130168093A1 (en) 2013-07-04

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