EP2607970B1 - Method for improving the pivoting of a mobile device - Google Patents

Method for improving the pivoting of a mobile device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2607970B1
EP2607970B1 EP11195125.7A EP11195125A EP2607970B1 EP 2607970 B1 EP2607970 B1 EP 2607970B1 EP 11195125 A EP11195125 A EP 11195125A EP 2607970 B1 EP2607970 B1 EP 2607970B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mobile
axis
moment
flange
adjustment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11195125.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2607970A1 (en
Inventor
Thierry Conus
Marco Verardo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Original Assignee
Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to EP11195125.7A priority Critical patent/EP2607970B1/en
Application filed by Swatch Group Research and Development SA filed Critical Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Priority to EP12791818.3A priority patent/EP2795408B1/en
Priority to EP17192127.3A priority patent/EP3376306A1/en
Priority to JP2014547823A priority patent/JP5820543B2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2012/074143 priority patent/WO2013092172A1/en
Priority to RU2014130095/12A priority patent/RU2573811C1/en
Priority to JP2014547822A priority patent/JP5820542B2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2012/074144 priority patent/WO2013092173A1/en
Priority to US14/367,768 priority patent/US9310774B2/en
Priority to CN201280063595.4A priority patent/CN104011609B/en
Priority to US14/366,913 priority patent/US9645551B2/en
Priority to RU2014130091/28A priority patent/RU2573701C1/en
Priority to EP12791819.1A priority patent/EP2795409B1/en
Priority to CN201280063718.4A priority patent/CN104169814B/en
Publication of EP2607970A1 publication Critical patent/EP2607970A1/en
Priority to HK15104981.6A priority patent/HK1204497A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2607970B1 publication Critical patent/EP2607970B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B18/00—Mechanisms for setting frequency
    • G04B18/006—Mechanisms for setting frequency by adjusting the devices fixed on the balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
    • G04D7/08—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels
    • G04D7/082—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels for balancing
    • G04D7/084—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels for balancing by setting adjustable elements, e.g. balance wheel screws
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
    • G04D7/08—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels
    • G04D7/082—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels for balancing
    • G04D7/085—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels for balancing by removing material from the balance wheel itself
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
    • G04D7/08—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels
    • G04D7/082—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels for balancing
    • G04D7/088—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for balance wheels for balancing by loading the balance wheel itself with material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for improving the pivoting of a mobile or a mobile equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece, comprising at least one shaft arranged to pivot or oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned with a mobile axis constituted by the axis of said shaft.
  • the invention relates to the field of precision mechanics, in particular mechanical scientific equipment, and in particular the fields of meters and precision devices comprising mechanisms for measuring, displaying or comparing a flow rate, consumption, or time, comprising components movable pivotally or oscillating about an axis.
  • the quality of the guides of certain components moving in rotation or oscillation about an axis is of great importance, for the reproducibility over time of the measurements made or the signals generated. Any defect in the guides, between the pivots of the mechanism on the one hand and on the other hand the bearings, that a component shaft has, results in a poor precision, but also in a wear and a degradation of the performances in the time.
  • the geometric quality of the machining is a necessary condition for precision operation, but this condition is often not sufficient.
  • the vibration behavior in particular in the presence of unbalance, directly influences the pressures exerted on the bearings, and therefore the lubrication constraints, and the maintenance constraints especially in case of replacement or rebuilding bearings or / and pivots to restore the quality of the guides after wear.
  • the document CH 390 165 A in the name of ZENGER ROGER describes a clock balancing method with control of an electroerosion means to correct the unbalance while maintaining the balance in rotation.
  • the document EP 2 395 402 A1 on behalf of MONTRES BREGUET SA describes a clockwork balance designed for high-frequency operation, in particular above 10 Hz, comprising two-part weights, one of which is immobile radially with respect to the serge.
  • the invention proposes to provide a solution to ensure a reduction of friction in the guides of rotating components of such precision mechanisms, and to improve the accuracy of operation of these mechanisms. It also seeks to allow an increase in rotation speeds and / or oscillation frequencies of the components concerned.
  • the search for a better precision leads to seek a better setting of the mobile, in particular by the execution of a dynamic balancing of quality.
  • the invention proposes to balance the mobile dynamically, that is to say, to bring its main axis of inertia on the axis of rotation.
  • the invention relates to a method for improving the pivoting of a mobile or a mobile equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece, comprising at least one shaft arranged to pivot or oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned with a mobile axis constituted by the axis of said shaft, according to claim 1.
  • the invention relates to the field of mechanical scientific equipment, and in particular to the fields of meters and precision devices comprising measurement or time comparison mechanisms, comprising components that are pivotally or oscillating about an axis .
  • the invention is concerned with the optimal balancing of a mobile 1 or a mobile equipped 40.
  • mobile is meant, in the following description, any tree component movable pivoting or oscillation about a so-called mobile axis D, corresponding to the axis of the tree portion.
  • This mobile may optionally, but not necessarily, include teeth, gears, other drive means such as grooves or bearings, and fastening elements or cooperation with drive means, and / or elastic return or repulsion means, and / or magnetic return or repulsion means, and / or electrostatic booster or repulsion means, or the like.
  • mobile equipped 40 a subset or a mechanical assembly comprising at least one such mobile 1, and all or part of a drive means, and / or a means of return or elastic repulsion, or / and a magnetic return or repulsion means, and / or an electrostatic booster or repulsion means, or the like.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a non-limiting example of such a mobile equipped 40, consisting on the one hand of a mobile 1, and on the other hand magnetic repulsion means 41.
  • the mobile 1 comprises a shaft 10 of axis D, in this for example a toothed wheel 42 and a pinion 43, and a flange 2 carrying adjustment means 4, here represented in a radial implantation in a radial direction R to the axis D and in a so-called median plane P corresponding to the secondary axes d theoretical inertia, the theoretical main axis of inertia coinciding with the axis D.
  • flange a projecting portion substantially radially, preferably of revolution about the axis of the mobile, and of diameter greater than that of the shaft.
  • the same mobile can naturally include several such flanges, some of which may have particular functions, such as gears, pulleys, or the like.
  • the invention proposes to dynamically balance the mobile 1, or the mobile equipped 40, that is to say, to reduce its main axis of inertia on the axis of rotation.
  • the various embodiments, non-limiting, and the figures illustrate the possibility of applying the invention to a mobile 1 naked, and are naturally applicable to a mobile equipped 40.
  • the invention relates to a method of improving the pivoting of a mobile 1 or a mobile 40 equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece.
  • This mobile 1 comprises at least one shaft 10 arranged to pivot or oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned on a mobile axis D constituted by the axis of this shaft 10, and preferably at least one flange 2 of space diametric superior to that of the shaft 10.
  • This mobile 1 or mobile equipped 40 is arranged to oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned on this axis of mobile D.
  • the predetermined tolerance range comprises an upper bound corresponding to the target value. In other applications, the tolerance range is around this target value.
  • said target unbalance moment target value is determined in the form of a maximum allowable unbalance moment value resulting from the mobile or mobile equipped around the mobile axis, this maximum value corresponding to a predetermined maximum angular divergence. between a first main axis of longitudinal inertia of the mobile or mobile equipped on the one hand, and the axis of the mobile on the other hand.
  • the adjustment of the value of the dynamic balancing moment of the mobile or equipped mobile then has the effect of bringing the first main axis of longitudinal inertia of the mobile axis, below the predetermined maximum angular divergence.
  • this adjustment is made by adding or / and displacement or / and removal of asymmetrical material with respect to a plane defined by the other two main axes of inertia of the mobile or equipped mobile .
  • an addition is made and / or displacement and / or removal of material at least one flange that includes the mobile, protruding radially relative to its shaft.
  • an addition is made and / or displacement and / or removal of material at the level of the shaft of the mobile.
  • an addition is made and / or displacement and / or removal of material at the level of at least one arm that comprises said mobile between said shaft and another eccentric portion of said mobile.
  • the static balancing is performed before adjusting the value of the dynamic balancing moment.
  • this static balancing is performed simultaneously with the adjustment of the value of the dynamic balancing moment.
  • the maximum value of the unbalance moment resulting from the mobile or mobile equipped around the mobile axis is set to zero, so as to make the first main axis coincide. longitudinal inertia of the mobile or mobile equipped with the axis of the mobile.
  • this predetermined speed of rotation is fixed at the maximum angular velocity calculated for the mobile or equipped mobile, considered during its oscillation in service.
  • cylindrical or corrugated housings arranged to receive mobile cylindrical or fluted masses are machined. according to a direction axial parallel to the axis of mobile. And then performs all or part of the adjustment by displacement of such moving masses inserted in some of these housing, relative to the plane defined by the other two main axes of inertia of the mobile or equipped mobile. In the absence of flange, the machining of such housing on the shaft 10 of the mobile.
  • these mobile masses are made captive and unmountable with respect to the flange, either during a one-piece execution of the mobile or mobile equipped together with these moving masses, or by expanding at least one end of each moving mass to prevent the passage of the expanded zone through the housing corresponding to this moving mass.
  • a flange 2 which comprises the mobile or mobile equipped, asymmetrically with respect to the plane defined by the other two main axes of inertia of the mobile or mobile equipped.
  • a flange 2 which comprises the mobile or equipped mobile, is equipped with radial threaded housings arranged to receive movable asymmetric head screws according to a radial direction relative to the axis of mobil, and all or part of said adjustment is performed by moving such screws screwed into some of these threaded housing.
  • machining of such tapped housings on the shaft 10 of the mobile is performed.
  • a measure of moment of unbalance resulting from the mobile or mobile equipped with respect to the axis of mobile one identifies the imbalance in angular position with respect to a reference angular that includes the mobile or mobile equipped, such as a pin, a notch, a drilling, a reported component, a marking, or the like.
  • a flange which comprises the mobile or mobile equipped, with a mal-dish of a predetermined value, is machined beforehand.
  • an unbalance or / and a moment of imbalance resulting voluntarily in a particular angular direction is created voluntarily and offset from the median plane P.
  • Figures 16A and 16B thus illustrate thicknesses 31 and 32, on both sides of the plane P, and together substantially defining a plane PS passing through the axis of the mobile D.
  • the figures show, in a nonlimiting manner, examples of adjustments made on a mobile flange, since it is easier to make an inertia correction near the largest diameter of the mobile, which makes it possible to perform only minimal mass corrections.
  • this flange is illustrated, without complete representation of the mobile tree.
  • the arrangements described are also applicable to other forms of mobile, and machining or adjustment components can be positioned on other parts of the mobile, depending on their accessibility.
  • Figures 2A to 2F illustrate different variants of balancing machining performed on a flange 2 of mobile 1, the figure 2F illustrating in particular a balancing machining hidden at the bottom of a groove for aesthetic reasons.
  • the machining is performed from and others of this plane P.
  • the figures, non-limiting, illustrate different possibilities: on both sides of the median plane ( FIGS. 2A, 2C, 2D, 2E ), internal / external machining with respect to the flange ( Figures 2C, 2D ), of volume and radial positioning different from the axis of the mobile ( Figure 2B ), machining performed axially from the same side of the flange ( Figures 2B, 2E ) or from the opposite sides ( Figure 2A ).
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate a mobile device 1 comprising weights 6 breakable and / or foldable, 6A and 6B distributed on either side of a median plane P of the flange 2.
  • the rupture of a thin fastener 6C provides a differential of inertia with respect to the axis D, and the large number of weights 6, of the order of thirty per level in the example of the figure, allows an adjustment with respect to the direction of the measured unbalance moment.
  • the figure 11 illustrates a flange 2 comprising a peripheral portion 2B connected to an axial core 2A by fasteners 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D, this peripheral portion 2B being slotted by slots 20, and deformable at the different portions 19A, 19B, 19C, 19D it carries, each worn by one of these ties.
  • plastic deformation is carried out of all or part of the fasteners 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D in order to straighten or otherwise wave the flange 2.
  • a fastener 23A carries a sector-shaped section 19A whose ends 21A and 22A are movable relative to the radial direction R of the fastener considered, here 23A, and, by twisting of this fastener, the two ends are spaced apart on either side of the median plane of the flange at rest.
  • Each fastener 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D may be deformed independently of the others.
  • the fastener may be rigid, and the sector of flange deformable. In another variant, they can both be deformable, however the measurement is less easy, especially in case of reverse setting.
  • the figures 1 , 4 to 10 , and 12 to 14 illustrate mobile variants with reported components.
  • the figure 12 shows a smooth mass 26 adjustable in axial position in a housing 25, in a direction A parallel to the axis of mobile D.
  • figure 13 shows a fluted mass 27 mobile in an ad hoc housing.
  • the figure 14 analogue represents a mass trapped relative to the flange 2 of the mobile 1, with a head 28 on one side of the flange 2, and a rivet 29 or an expansion by The displacement in the direction A allows a dynamic balancing adjustment, the smooth masses 26 or fluted 27 can, again, be graduated or notched in the direction A to facilitate the adjustment, according to a calculation. performed by a control means of the dynamic balancing process.
  • the figure 7 shows adjusting screws 14 in housings 15 of the flange 2, mounted parallel in a direction A to the axial direction D of the mobile 1.
  • the figure 8 has adjustment screws 14 similar to those of the figure 7 , arranged alternately on (screw 14A) and under (screw 14B) the flange 2 of the mobile 1, in corresponding housings 15A and 15B.
  • the reverse mounting with a nut on a threaded shaft, is also suitable. In either case, it is advantageous to use slightly different steps between the male component and the female component to improve the service life.
  • the mobile 1 comprises, slidably movable, a portion driven, or clipped, or mounted with clearance, either in rotation or axially. Providing at least one nip guide surface or the like allows the reported component to take discrete positions.
  • the mobility of the reported component can still be performed by screwing / unscrewing.
  • FIGS 4A and 4B illustrate mobile masses on or under rails 3 incorporated in windows of a flange 2 of the mobile 1.
  • These movable masses are constituted in particular by sliding stirrups 8 each having an immobilizing screw 7, here shown in an axial direction A parallel to the axis D of the mobile 1.
  • the screw 7, and especially the head of this screw can be placed on one side or the other of the mobile 1.
  • the adjustment component may also be clipped on an arm 3 or on the flange 2 of the mobile 1.
  • it may consist of a flexible object clipped on a rigid part, for example a counterweight on an axis, or a rigid clip-on object. in a flexible part, for example an axis in a slot.
  • An adjusting component may also be an additional component simply bonded, welded, or riveted to the structure of the mobile.
  • it bends a flexible insert.
  • the figure 5 illustrates, in a first variant, a mobile 1 with at least one deformable blade 9, with a component in the axial direction A parallel to the axis D of the mobile.
  • the deformation of each blade 9 is printed by a set screw 7, here shown fixed in a threaded housing 7A of the rail 3.
  • such screws can also be carried by the flange 2.
  • at least one blade flexible 9 equips each side of the mobile 1.
  • the differential adjustment of inertia is provided both by the displacement of each adjusting screw 7 in its direction A, and by the deformation of the corresponding flexible blade 9.
  • the flexible blade 9 is held at one end 9E, near the axis of the mobile 1, and is free at its other end, which it advantageously comprises an additional mass 9A.
  • the deformable blade 9 can be designed for use in a field of elastic deformation, in the optics of setting resets, or in the field of plastic deformation, in case of unique adjustment of the mobile. If the example of the figure illustrates a deformation of the flexible blade by a screw, the deformation controlled by the mechanism of a nut, or another mobile or deformable component, is naturally conceivable.
  • a second variant of this adjustment by bending implements a displacement of the attachment of the flexible part, possibly provided with notches, and with a support of the flexible part against a cam or a fixed zone.
  • FIG 6 illustrates a mass 130 orientable angularly with respect to a window 2F that includes a flange 2 of the mobile 1, and having an arc 13 bears on a first edge 2H and under a second edge 2G of this window 2F.
  • the mass 130 is angularly adjustable relative to the flange 3, at an angle to the center a.
  • This orientable mass 130 comprises a bearing washer 11 bearing on a bearing surface of the mobile 1, in particular a bearing surface of the shaft 10.
  • This bearing washer 11 is integral with an arm 12, preferably flexible, which is itself integral with the arc 13, preferably greater rigidity in torsion than that of the arm 12.
  • This arc 13 bears, at a first end 13A on a first edge 2H, and at a second end 13B under a second 2G edge of this 2F window.
  • the pivoting imposed on the orientable mass 13 forces it to take a particular twisting which makes it possible to modify the dynamic balancing of the mobile 1.
  • the arm 12 is rigid, and the bow 13 deformable. In yet another variant, they can be both deformable, however the measurement is less easy, especially in case of reverse setting.
  • the adjustment components are installed in symmetry two by two with respect to the axis D of the mobile 1.
  • symmetrical adjustments of the components of such a pair do not alter the static balancing of the mobile.
  • each adjustment component is movable independently of the others.
  • the center of inertia of the adjustment component is located on the axis of rotation of this component, and / or this component is in translation along an axis. If the center of inertia moves along the axis for example during a screwing, and if the projection on the median plane P of the center of inertia of the component also moves, then one must carry out the symmetrical displacement of the object opposite. Otherwise, each adjustment component is movable independently.
  • the figure 9 illustrates this configuration, with a mobile 1 having adjusting screws 16 mounted in housings 17 in the flange 2, preferably mounted in the median plane P of the flange 2 in radial directions R with respect to the axis D of mobile.
  • These adjusting screws 12 comprise heads which are not of revolution, but which are symmetrical with respect to the screw axis R, and whose angular position of the wings 16A and 16B makes it possible to modify the dynamic balancing.
  • the screw head takes the form of a bar.
  • the projection of this bar on a plane tangent to the flange 2 is at an angle ⁇ comparable to a helix angle.
  • the center of inertia of the adjustment component is located outside the axis of rotation of the component. It is then systematically necessary to perform a symmetrical rotation of the opposite component of the pair.
  • the mobile 1 comprises asymmetric adjustment screws 18 whose head is asymmetrical with respect to the screw axis, and comprises a wing 18B with a moment of inertia greater than that of the other wing 18A with respect to the radial screwing pin R.
  • the screw head takes the form of a bar.
  • the projection of this bar on a plane tangent to the flange 2 is at an angle ⁇ comparable to a helix angle, and we see in the figure that the components are oriented in pairs symmetrically with respect to their respective radial axis R .
  • the invention also relates to a mobile 1 for a scientific instrument or timepiece, comprising at least one flange 2 connected, either directly or by at least one arm, to a mobile shaft 10 aligned on a mobile axis D.
  • This flange 2 is preferably substantially perpendicular to the mobile axis D.
  • This mobile 1 is arranged to oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned on this mobile axis D.
  • this mobile 1 comprises, of manufacture, a first main axis of longitudinal inertia adjacent to this axis of mobile D or coincident with it, and two other main axes of inertia together defining a median plane P.
  • this median plane P is located in the thickness of the flange 2.
  • this flange 2 comprises a plurality of housings each receiving a movable mass adjustable in position in the housing concerned, or only in a direction A parallel to the axis of mobile, or only in a plane perpendicular to a radial R from the mobile axis D.
  • each such housing or / and each such corresponding mobile mass includes stop means for allowing the maintenance of this mobile mass in several discrete positions where its center of gravity is distant from this median plane. P.
  • each such housing or / and each such moving mass comprises resilient return means for holding in position this mobile mass in this housing.
  • a neighboring embodiment of the invention also relates to a mobile 40 equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece comprising at least one such mobile 1, and further comprises at least one drive means, or / and a means of return or elastic repulsion , or / and a means of return or magnetic repulsion, and / or a means of return or electrostatic repulsion, attached to this at least one mobile.
  • a neighboring embodiment of the invention also relates to a mechanism 50 for a scientific instrument or timepiece comprising such a mobile equipped 40 or / and such a mobile 1.
  • a neighboring embodiment of the invention also relates to a scientific instrument 60 comprising such a mechanism 50 or / and such a mobile equipped 40 or / and such a mobile 1.
  • the invention allows a significant reduction of the forces on the pivots, a facilitated lubrication, and an increase in the lifetime of the mechanisms, and especially the useful life, that is to say the period during which the mechanism provides a reproducible response to an identical bias from a power source, or signal, or other mechanism or sensor, or the like.
  • the invention makes it possible to improve the stability of the movement of a mobile thus dynamically balanced.

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Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention concerne un procédé d'amélioration du pivotement d'un mobile ou d'un mobile équipé pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps, comportant au moins un arbre agencé pour pivoter ou osciller autour d'un axe d'oscillation aligné sur un axe de mobile constitué par l'axe dudit arbre.The invention relates to a method for improving the pivoting of a mobile or a mobile equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece, comprising at least one shaft arranged to pivot or oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned with a mobile axis constituted by the axis of said shaft.

L'invention concerne le domaine de la mécanique de précision, notamment de l'appareillage scientifique mécanique, et en particulier les domaines des compteurs et des appareils de précision comportant des mécanismes de mesure, d'affichage ou de comparaison d'un débit, d'une consommation, ou d'un temps, comportant des composants mobiles en pivotement ou en oscillation autour d'un axe.The invention relates to the field of precision mechanics, in particular mechanical scientific equipment, and in particular the fields of meters and precision devices comprising mechanisms for measuring, displaying or comparing a flow rate, consumption, or time, comprising components movable pivotally or oscillating about an axis.

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

Dans le domaine des appareils de précision mécaniques, la qualité des guidages de certains composants mobiles en pivotement ou en oscillation autour d'un axe présente une grande importance, pour la reproductibilité dans le temps des mesures effectuées ou des signaux générés. Tout défaut au niveau des guidages, entre des pivots du mécanisme d'une part et d'autre part des portées, que comporte un arbre du composant, se traduit par une précision médiocre, mais aussi par une usure et une dégradation des performances dans le temps. La qualité géométrique des usinages est une condition nécessaire pour un fonctionnement de précision, mais cette condition n'est souvent pas suffisante. En effet, le comportement aux vibrations, en particulier en présence de balourds, influence directement les pressions exercées au niveau des paliers, et donc les contraintes de lubrification, et les contraintes de maintenance en particulier en cas de remplacement ou de réusinage des paliers ou/et pivots pour rétablir la qualité des guidages après usure.In the field of mechanical precision devices, the quality of the guides of certain components moving in rotation or oscillation about an axis is of great importance, for the reproducibility over time of the measurements made or the signals generated. Any defect in the guides, between the pivots of the mechanism on the one hand and on the other hand the bearings, that a component shaft has, results in a poor precision, but also in a wear and a degradation of the performances in the time. The geometric quality of the machining is a necessary condition for precision operation, but this condition is often not sufficient. Indeed, the vibration behavior, in particular in the presence of unbalance, directly influences the pressures exerted on the bearings, and therefore the lubrication constraints, and the maintenance constraints especially in case of replacement or rebuilding bearings or / and pivots to restore the quality of the guides after wear.

Un équilibrage statique des composants, ramenant leur centre de masse sur l'axe de pivotement ou d'oscillation, améliore la situation et permet de retarder l'usure. Toutefois les effets induits par les défauts d'inertie induisent des perturbations notables sur le fonctionnement du mécanisme, et sur la tenue en service dans le temps.Static balancing of the components, bringing their center of mass back to the pivot or oscillation axis, improves the situation and makes it possible to delay wear. However, the effects induced by the inertia defects induce significant disturbances on the operation of the mechanism, and the service life in time.

Le document US 2 958 997 A au nom de PAUL JAHN décrit un balancier d'horlogerie équipé de vis de réglage de balourd réparties équidistantes sur la périphérie de la serge, et en alternance en réglage radial ou parallèle à l'axe de pivotement du balancier.The document US 2,958,997 A in the name of PAUL JAHN describes a clockwork balancer equipped with balanced unbalance adjustment screws equidistant on the periphery of the serge, and alternately in radial adjustment or parallel to the axis of pivoting of the balance.

Le document US 2 239 668 A au nom de HERMANN AEGLER HANS (Montres ROLEX) décrit un balancier d'horlogerie comportant plusieurs vis périphériques à réglage radial, ainsi qu'un réseau d'alésages borgnes d'axe parallèle à l'axe de pivotement du balancier, conçus pour être remplis ou approfondis pour régler l'équilibrage.The document US 2,239,668 A in the name of HERMANN AEGLER HANS (Rolex watches) describes a clockwork with several radially adjustable peripheral screws, as well as a network of blind bores with axis parallel to the axis of pivoting of the balance, designed to be filled or deepened to adjust the balance.

Le document EP 0 657 727 au nom de ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE décrit un équilibrage dynamique de machines lourdes, notamment de rotors d'alternateurs de production d'électricité, par déplacement de deux satellites permettant de créer du contre-balourd.The document EP 0 657 727 in the name of ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE describes a dynamic balancing of heavy machinery, including alternators of electricity generation rotors, by moving two satellites to create counter-unbalance.

Le document CH 390 165 A au nom de ZENGER ROGER décrit un procédé d'équilibrage de balancier d'horlogerie avec commande d'un moyen d'électro-érosion pour corriger le balourd tout en maintenant le balancier en rotation.The document CH 390 165 A in the name of ZENGER ROGER describes a clock balancing method with control of an electroerosion means to correct the unbalance while maintaining the balance in rotation.

Le document WO 2008/067683 au nom de REGO FIX AG décrit un équilibrage de porte-outil d'usinage, par action d'ajustement de masses dans des logements parallèles à l'axe de rotation du porte-outils.The document WO 2008/067683 in the name of REGO FIX AG describes balancing of machining tool holder, by action of adjustment of masses in housings parallel to the axis of rotation of the tool holder.

Le document US 4 626 147 A au nom de NYSTUEN ARNE (WHIRLPOOL Corp.) décrit l'équilibrage d'un rotor de machine industrielle, notamment d'un rotor de moteur, par analyse des efforts exercés sur les paliers d'expérimentation, et par fraisage.The document US 4,626,147 A in the name of NYSTUEN ARNE (WHIRLPOOL Corp.) describes the balancing of an industrial machine rotor, in particular an engine rotor, by analysis of the forces exerted on the experimental bearings, and by milling.

Le document EP 0 434 270 A2 au nom de IBM décrit un procédé d'équilibrage incorporant des billes circulant dans une gorge concentrique à l'axe de rotation de l'objet à équilibrer, immobilisables dans des positions correspondant à la correction requise.The document EP 0 434 270 A2 in the name of IBM describes a balancing process incorporating balls circulating in a groove concentric with the axis of rotation of the object to be balanced, immobilizable in positions corresponding to the required correction.

Le document EP 2 395 402 A1 au nom de MONTRES BREGUET SA décrit un balancier d'horlogerie prévu pour le fonctionnement à haute fréquence, notamment au-delà de 10 Hz, comportant des masselottes en deux parties dont l'une est immobile radialement par rapport à la serge.The document EP 2 395 402 A1 on behalf of MONTRES BREGUET SA describes a clockwork balance designed for high-frequency operation, in particular above 10 Hz, comprising two-part weights, one of which is immobile radially with respect to the serge.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

L'invention se propose de fournir une solution pour assurer une diminution des frottements dans les guidages des composants tournants de tels mécanismes de précision, et pour améliorer la précision de fonctionnement de ces mécanismes. Elle s'attache également à permettre une augmentation des vitesses de rotation ou/et des fréquences d'oscillation des composants concernés.The invention proposes to provide a solution to ensure a reduction of friction in the guides of rotating components of such precision mechanisms, and to improve the accuracy of operation of these mechanisms. It also seeks to allow an increase in rotation speeds and / or oscillation frequencies of the components concerned.

La recherche d'une meilleure précision amène à rechercher un meilleur réglage du mobile, en particulier par l'exécution d'un équilibrage dynamique de qualité.The search for a better precision leads to seek a better setting of the mobile, in particular by the execution of a dynamic balancing of quality.

Aussi l'invention se propose d'équilibrer dynamiquement le mobile, c'est-à-dire de ramener son axe principal d'inertie sur l'axe de rotation.Also the invention proposes to balance the mobile dynamically, that is to say, to bring its main axis of inertia on the axis of rotation.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un procédé d'amélioration du pivotement d'un mobile ou d'un mobile équipé pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps, comportant au moins un arbre agencé pour pivoter ou osciller autour d'un axe d'oscillation aligné sur un axe de mobile constitué par l'axe dudit arbre, selon la revendication 1.To this end, the invention relates to a method for improving the pivoting of a mobile or a mobile equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece, comprising at least one shaft arranged to pivot or oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned with a mobile axis constituted by the axis of said shaft, according to claim 1.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, en référence aux dessins annexés, où :

  • la figure 1 représente, de façon schématisée et en coupe longitudinale, un exemple de mobile équipé apte à la mise en oeuvre de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 représente, de façon schématisée et en section selon un plan passant par l'axe du mobile, différentes variantes 2A à 2F d'usinage réalisables pour la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé d'équilibrage statique et dynamique;
  • les figures 3 à 11 représentent, de façon schématisée et partielle, d'autres variantes de mobile aptes à la mise en oeuvre de l'invention :
  • la figure 3A en perspective avec des masselottes sécables ou/et pliables réparties de part et d'autre d'un plan médian d'un flasque du mobile, tel que visible sur la figure 3B en coupe selon un plan passant par l'axe de mobile;
  • la figure 4A, en vue de dessus, et la figure 4B, en coupe, avec des masses mobiles sur ou sous des rails incorporés dans des fenêtres d'un flasque du mobile,
  • la figure 5, en coupe, avec une lame déformable avec une composante selon la direction axiale du mobile, la déformation de chaque lame étant imprimée par une vis de réglage ;
  • la figure 6 avec une masse orientable angulairement par rapport à une fenêtre que comporte un flasque du mobile, et comportant un arc en appui sur un premier bord et sous un second bord de cette fenêtre;
  • la figure 7 avec des vis de réglage dans un flasque du mobile, montées parallèles à la direction axiale du mobile;
  • la figure 8 avec des vis analogues à celles de la figure 7, disposées en alternance sur et sous un flasque du mobile ;
  • la figure 9 avec des vis de réglage dans l'épaisseur d'un flasque du mobile, montées dans le plan médian de ce flasque selon des directions radiales par rapport à l'axe de mobile, ces vis comportant des têtes qui ne sont pas de révolution, mais qui sont symétriques par rapport à l'axe de vissage ;
  • la figure 10 similaire à la figure 9, mais avec des vis dont la tête est asymétrique par rapport à l'axe de vissage ;
  • la figure 11 avec un flasque comportant une partie périphérique raccordée à une âme axiale par des attaches, cette partie périphérique étant fendue et déformable au niveau des différents tronçons qu'elle comporte, chacun porté par une de ces attaches ;
  • la figure 12 représente, de façon schématisée et en section selon un plan passant par l'axe du mobile, une masse lisse réglable en position axiale dans un logement, la figure 13 analogue représente une masse cannelée, et la figure 14 analogue représente une masse prisonnière par rapport à un flasque du mobile .
  • la figure 15 représente, de façon schématisée et sous forme de schéma-bloc, un instrument scientifique comportant un mécanisme avec un tel mobile équipé;
  • les figures 16A et 16B représentent, en vue de bout et de côté, une pré-réalisation de mobile avec un moment de balourd résultant imposé ou forcé.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 represents, schematically and in longitudinal section, an example of a mobile equipped capable of implementing the invention;
  • the figure 2 represents, schematically and in section along a plane passing through the axis of the mobile, different machining variants 2A to 2F feasible for the implementation of a static and dynamic balancing process;
  • the Figures 3 to 11 represent, schematically and partially, other mobile variants suitable for implementing the invention:
  • the figure 3A in perspective with breakable or / and foldable weights distributed on either side of a median plane of a flange of the mobile, as visible on the figure 3B in section along a plane passing through the axis of mobile;
  • the Figure 4A , in top view, and the Figure 4B , in section, with moving masses on or under rails incorporated in windows of a flange of the mobile,
  • the figure 5 , in section, with a deformable blade with a component in the axial direction of the mobile, the deformation of each blade being printed by a set screw;
  • the figure 6 with a mass orientable angularly with respect to a window that comprises a flange of the mobile, and having an arc bearing on a first edge and under a second edge of this window;
  • the figure 7 with adjusting screws in a flange of the mobile, mounted parallel to the axial direction of the mobile;
  • the figure 8 with screws similar to those of the figure 7 , arranged alternately on and under a flange of the mobile;
  • the figure 9 with adjusting screws in the thickness of a flange of the mobile, mounted in the median plane of this flange in radial directions relative to the axis of mobile, these screws having heads which are not of revolution, but which are symmetrical with respect to the screw axis;
  • the figure 10 similar to the figure 9 but with screws whose head is asymmetrical with respect to the axis of screwing;
  • the figure 11 with a flange having a peripheral portion connected to an axial core by fasteners, this peripheral portion being split and deformable at the different portions thereof, each carried by one of these fasteners;
  • the figure 12 represents, schematically and in section along a plane passing through the axis of the mobile, a smooth mass adjustable in axial position in a housing, the figure 13 analogue represents a fluted mass, and the figure 14 analog represents a prisoner mass relative to a flange of the mobile.
  • the figure 15 represents schematically and in the form of a block diagram, a scientific instrument comprising a mechanism with such a mobile equipped;
  • the Figures 16A and 16B represent, in end and side view, a pre-realization of mobile with a moment of impending unbalance imposed or forced.

Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préférésDetailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

L'invention concerne le domaine de l'appareillage scientifique mécanique, et en particulier les domaines des compteurs et des appareils de précision comportant des mécanismes de mesure ou de comparaison du temps, comportant des composants mobiles en pivotement ou en oscillation autour d'un axe.The invention relates to the field of mechanical scientific equipment, and in particular to the fields of meters and precision devices comprising measurement or time comparison mechanisms, comprising components that are pivotally or oscillating about an axis .

Plus particulièrement l'invention s'intéresse à l'équilibrage optimal d'un mobile 1 ou d'un mobile équipé 40.More particularly, the invention is concerned with the optimal balancing of a mobile 1 or a mobile equipped 40.

Par « mobile » on entend, dans la suite de l'exposé, tout composant arbré mobile en pivotement ou en oscillation autour d'un axe dit de mobile D, correspondant à l'axe de la partie arbrée. Ce mobile peut le cas échéant, mais non obligatoirement, comporter des dentures, pignons, autres moyens d'entraînement tels que gorges ou portées, ainsi que des éléments d'attache ou de coopération avec un moyen d'entraînement, ou/et un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion élastique, ou/et un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion magnétique, ou/et un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion électrostatique, ou similaire. On appelle ici « mobile équipé » 40 un sous-ensemble ou un ensemble mécanique comportant au moins un tel mobile 1, et tout ou partie d'un moyen d'entraînement, ou/et d'un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion élastique, ou/et d'un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion magnétique, ou/et d'un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion électrostatique, ou similaire. La figure 1 illustre un exemple non limitatif d'un tel mobile équipé 40, constitué d'une part d'un mobile 1, et d'autre part de moyens de répulsion magnétique 41. Le mobile 1 comporte un arbre 10 d'axe D, dans cet exemple une roue dentée 42 et un pignon 43, et un flasque 2 porteur de moyens d'ajustement 4, ici représentés dans une implantation radiale selon une direction radiale R à l'axe D et dans un plan dit médian P correspondant aux axes secondaires d'inertie théoriques, l'axe principal théorique d'inertie étant confondu avec l'axe D.By "mobile" is meant, in the following description, any tree component movable pivoting or oscillation about a so-called mobile axis D, corresponding to the axis of the tree portion. This mobile may optionally, but not necessarily, include teeth, gears, other drive means such as grooves or bearings, and fastening elements or cooperation with drive means, and / or elastic return or repulsion means, and / or magnetic return or repulsion means, and / or electrostatic booster or repulsion means, or the like. Here called "mobile equipped" 40 a subset or a mechanical assembly comprising at least one such mobile 1, and all or part of a drive means, and / or a means of return or elastic repulsion, or / and a magnetic return or repulsion means, and / or an electrostatic booster or repulsion means, or the like. The figure 1 illustrates a non-limiting example of such a mobile equipped 40, consisting on the one hand of a mobile 1, and on the other hand magnetic repulsion means 41. The mobile 1 comprises a shaft 10 of axis D, in this for example a toothed wheel 42 and a pinion 43, and a flange 2 carrying adjustment means 4, here represented in a radial implantation in a radial direction R to the axis D and in a so-called median plane P corresponding to the secondary axes d theoretical inertia, the theoretical main axis of inertia coinciding with the axis D.

On appelle « flasque » une partie saillante sensiblement radialement, de préférence de révolution autour de l'axe du mobile, et de diamètre supérieur à celui de l'arbre. Un même mobile peut naturellement comporter plusieurs tels flasques, dont certains peuvent avoir des fonctions particulières, tels des roues dentées, poulies, ou similaires.The term "flange" a projecting portion substantially radially, preferably of revolution about the axis of the mobile, and of diameter greater than that of the shaft. The same mobile can naturally include several such flanges, some of which may have particular functions, such as gears, pulleys, or the like.

L'invention se propose d'équilibrer dynamiquement le mobile 1, ou bien le mobile équipé 40, c'est-à-dire de ramener son axe principal d'inertie sur l'axe de rotation. Les différents modes de réalisation, non limitatifs, et les figures illustrent la possibilité de l'application de l'invention à un mobile 1 nu, et sont naturellement applicables à un mobile équipé 40.The invention proposes to dynamically balance the mobile 1, or the mobile equipped 40, that is to say, to reduce its main axis of inertia on the axis of rotation. The various embodiments, non-limiting, and the figures illustrate the possibility of applying the invention to a mobile 1 naked, and are naturally applicable to a mobile equipped 40.

Outre cette recherche d'un équilibrage parfait, il est aussi possible de créer un déséquilibre contrôlé, c'est-à-dire d'incliner l'axe principal d'inertie du mobile d'un certain angle dans une certaine direction, par rapport :

  • à l'axe du mobile ;
    • à un plan passant par cet axe de mobile et matérialisé par un repère fonctionnel, notamment de façon préférée un repère angulaire du mobile.
In addition to this search for a perfect balance, it is also possible to create a controlled imbalance, that is to say to incline the principal axis of inertia of the mobile of a certain angle in a certain direction, relative to :
  • to the axis of the mobile;
    • to a plane passing through this axis of mobile and materialized by a functional reference, particularly preferably an angular reference of the mobile.

Pour cela, deux étapes sont nécessaires:

  • mesurer le déséquilibre dynamique
  • corriger ce déséquilibre, soit pour l'annuler, soit pour l'amener à une valeur bien définie.
For this, two steps are necessary:
  • measure the dynamic imbalance
  • correct this imbalance, either to cancel it or to bring it to a well-defined value.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un procédé d'amélioration du pivotement d'un mobile 1 ou d'un mobile équipé 40 pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps. Ce mobile 1 comporte au moins un arbre 10 agencé pour pivoter ou osciller autour d'un axe d'oscillation aligné sur un axe de mobile D constitué par l'axe de cet arbre 10, et de préférence au moins un flasque 2 d'encombrement diamétral supérieur à celui de l'arbre 10. Dans le cas où le mobile est réduit à l'arbre 10 seul, il reste possible de procéder à un équilibrage dynamique en utilisant certaines variantes de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, applicables à un tel arbre ; seules les variantes, exposées ci-après, qui nécessitent des composants prenant appui de part et d'autre d'un voile d'épaisseur faible, et qui sont délicates à mettre en oeuvre sur une pièce arbrée sensiblement cylindrique, seront plutôt réservées à des mobiles comportant un flasque sensiblement plat et sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe de mobile.To this end, the invention relates to a method of improving the pivoting of a mobile 1 or a mobile 40 equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece. This mobile 1 comprises at least one shaft 10 arranged to pivot or oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned on a mobile axis D constituted by the axis of this shaft 10, and preferably at least one flange 2 of space diametric superior to that of the shaft 10. In the case where the mobile is reduced to the shaft 10 alone, it remains possible to carry out dynamic balancing using certain variants of implementation of the invention, applicable to a such tree; only the variants, described below, which require components bearing on either side of a web of small thickness, and which are difficult to implement on a substantially cylindrical shafted part, will instead be reserved for mobile having a flange substantially flat and substantially perpendicular to the axis of mobile.

Ce mobile 1 ou mobile équipé 40 est agencé pour osciller autour d'un axe d'oscillation aligné sur cet axe de mobile D.This mobile 1 or mobile equipped 40 is arranged to oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned on this axis of mobile D.

Selon l'invention :

  • on effectue un équilibrage statique de ce mobile ou mobile équipé pour amener son centre de gravité sur l'axe de mobile D;
  • on détermine une valeur cible de moment de balourd résultant, qualifiant son déséquilibrage dynamique, du mobile ou mobile équipé autour de l'axe de mobile, correspondant à une divergence cible, notamment dans certaines applications une divergence cible, prédéterminée entre un premier axe principal d'inertie longitudinal du mobile, et l'axe du mobile D;
  • on met en rotation à vitesse prédéterminée ce mobile ou mobile équipé autour de l'axe de mobile D, et on mesure son moment de balourd résultant par rapport à l'axe de mobile D, avec au moins une mesure;
  • on effectue un ajustement de la valeur du moment de balourd résultant du mobile autour de l'axe de mobile dans une tolérance déterminée donnée par rapport à la valeur cible. L'effet de cet ajustement est de rapprocher le premier axe principal d'inertie longitudinal d'une part, de l'axe de mobile d'autre part, en-dessous de la divergence cible prédéterminée.
According to the invention:
  • a static balancing of this mobile or mobile equipped to bring its center of gravity on the mobile axis D;
  • determining a target value of moment of unbalance resulting, qualifying its dynamic unbalance, the mobile or mobile equipped around the axis of mobile, corresponding to a target divergence, in particular in certain applications a target divergence, predetermined between a first main axis d longitudinal inertia of the mobile, and the axis of the mobile D;
  • this mobile or mobile equipped around the mobile axis D is rotated at a predetermined speed, and its moment of unbalance resulting from the mobile axis D is measured with at least one measurement;
  • an adjustment of the value of the unbalance moment resulting from the mobile about the mobile axis is made in a given determined tolerance with respect to the target value. The effect of this adjustment is to bring the first main axis of longitudinal inertia on the one hand, of the mobile axis on the other hand, below the predetermined target divergence.

Dans une application particulière, la fourchette de tolérance prédéterminée comporte une borne supérieure correspondant à la valeur cible. Dans d'autres applications, la fourchette de tolérance est autour de cette valeur cible.In a particular application, the predetermined tolerance range comprises an upper bound corresponding to the target value. In other applications, the tolerance range is around this target value.

De préférence on détermine ladite valeur cible de moment de balourd résultant sous la forme d'une valeur maximale admissible de moment de balourd résultant du mobile ou mobile équipé autour de l'axe de mobile, cette valeur maximale correspondant à une divergence angulaire maximale prédéterminée entre un premier axe principal d'inertie longitudinal du mobile ou mobile équipé d'une part, et l'axe du mobile d'autre part. L'ajustement de la valeur du moment d'équilibrage dynamique du mobile ou mobile équipé a alors pour effet de rapprocher le premier axe principal d'inertie longitudinal de l'axe de mobile, en-dessous de la divergence angulaire maximale prédéterminée.Preferably, said target unbalance moment target value is determined in the form of a maximum allowable unbalance moment value resulting from the mobile or mobile equipped around the mobile axis, this maximum value corresponding to a predetermined maximum angular divergence. between a first main axis of longitudinal inertia of the mobile or mobile equipped on the one hand, and the axis of the mobile on the other hand. The adjustment of the value of the dynamic balancing moment of the mobile or equipped mobile then has the effect of bringing the first main axis of longitudinal inertia of the mobile axis, below the predetermined maximum angular divergence.

Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on effectue cet ajustement par ajout ou/et déplacement ou/et enlèvement de matière dissymétrique par rapport à un plan défini par les deux autres axes principaux d'inertie du mobile ou mobile équipé.In a particular embodiment of the invention, this adjustment is made by adding or / and displacement or / and removal of asymmetrical material with respect to a plane defined by the other two main axes of inertia of the mobile or equipped mobile .

Dans une réalisation particulière voisine de l'invention, on effectue un ajout ou/et déplacement ou/et enlèvement de matière au niveau d'au moins un flasque que comporte le mobile, saillant radialement par rapport à son arbre.In a particular embodiment close to the invention, an addition is made and / or displacement and / or removal of material at least one flange that includes the mobile, protruding radially relative to its shaft.

Selon l'invention, on effectue un ajout ou/et déplacement ou/et enlèvement de matière au niveau de l'arbre du mobile.According to the invention, an addition is made and / or displacement and / or removal of material at the level of the shaft of the mobile.

Dans une réalisation particulière voisine de l'invention, on effectue un ajout ou/et déplacement ou/et enlèvement de matière au niveau d'au moins un bras que comporte ledit mobile entre ledit arbre et une autre partie excentrée dudit mobile.In a particular embodiment close to the invention, an addition is made and / or displacement and / or removal of material at the level of at least one arm that comprises said mobile between said shaft and another eccentric portion of said mobile.

Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on effectue l'équilibrage statique avant d'effectuer l'ajustement de la valeur du moment d'équilibrage dynamique.In a particular embodiment of the invention, the static balancing is performed before adjusting the value of the dynamic balancing moment.

Dans un autre mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on effectue cet équilibrage statique simultanément avec l'ajustement de la valeur du moment d'équilibrage dynamique.In another particular embodiment of the invention, this static balancing is performed simultaneously with the adjustment of the value of the dynamic balancing moment.

Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on fixe à la valeur zéro cette valeur maximale admissible de moment de balourd résultant du mobile ou mobile équipé autour de l'axe de mobile, de façon à faire coïncider le premier axe principal d'inertie longitudinal du mobile ou mobile équipé avec l'axe du mobile .In a particular embodiment of the invention, the maximum value of the unbalance moment resulting from the mobile or mobile equipped around the mobile axis is set to zero, so as to make the first main axis coincide. longitudinal inertia of the mobile or mobile equipped with the axis of the mobile.

Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention pour un mobile oscillant, on fixe cette vitesse prédéterminée de rotation à la vitesse angulaire maximale calculée pour le mobile ou mobile équipé, considéré lors de son oscillation en service.In a particular embodiment of the invention for an oscillating mobile, this predetermined speed of rotation is fixed at the maximum angular velocity calculated for the mobile or equipped mobile, considered during its oscillation in service.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, on usine, préalablement à cet équilibrage statique et à cet équilibrage dynamique, au niveau d'un flasque 2, quand le mobile en comporte un, des logements cylindriques ou cannelés agencés pour recevoir des masses cylindriques ou cannelées mobiles selon une direction axiale parallèle à l'axe de mobile. Et on effectue alors tout ou partie de l'ajustement par déplacement de telles masses mobiles insérées dans certains de ces logements, par rapport au plan défini par les deux autres axes principaux d'inertie du mobile ou mobile équipé. A défaut de flasque, on effectue l'usinage de tels logements sur l'arbre 10 du mobile.In a particular embodiment, prior to this static equilibration and dynamic balancing, at the level of a flange 2, when the mobile has one, cylindrical or corrugated housings arranged to receive mobile cylindrical or fluted masses are machined. according to a direction axial parallel to the axis of mobile. And then performs all or part of the adjustment by displacement of such moving masses inserted in some of these housing, relative to the plane defined by the other two main axes of inertia of the mobile or equipped mobile. In the absence of flange, the machining of such housing on the shaft 10 of the mobile.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, préalablement à cet équilibrage statique et à cet équilibrage dynamique, on rend ces masses mobiles prisonnières et indémontables par rapport au flasque, soit lors d'une exécution monobloc du mobile ou mobile équipé ensemble avec ces masses mobiles, soit par expansion d'au moins une extrémité de chaque masse mobile pour empêcher le passage de la zone expansée au travers du logement correspondant à cette masse mobile.In a particular embodiment, prior to this static balancing and dynamic balancing, these mobile masses are made captive and unmountable with respect to the flange, either during a one-piece execution of the mobile or mobile equipped together with these moving masses, or by expanding at least one end of each moving mass to prevent the passage of the expanded zone through the housing corresponding to this moving mass.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, on effectue tout ou partie de l'ajustement par déformation d'un flasque 2, que comporte le mobile ou mobile équipé, de manière dissymétrique par rapport au plan défini par les deux autres axes principaux d'inertie du mobile ou mobile équipé.In a particular embodiment, all or part of the adjustment by deformation of a flange 2 is carried out, which comprises the mobile or mobile equipped, asymmetrically with respect to the plane defined by the other two main axes of inertia of the mobile or mobile equipped.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, on usine, préalablement à l'équilibrage statique et à l'équilibrage dynamique, un flasque 2, que comporte le mobile ou mobile équipé, de logements taraudés radiaux agencés pour recevoir des vis à tête asymétrique mobiles selon une direction radiale par rapport à l'axe de mobil , et on effectue tout ou partie dudit ajustement par déplacement de telles vis vissées dans certains de ces logements taraudés. A défaut de flasque, on effectue l'usinage de tels logements taraudés sur l'arbre 10 du mobile.In a particular embodiment, prior to static balancing and dynamic balancing, a flange 2, which comprises the mobile or equipped mobile, is equipped with radial threaded housings arranged to receive movable asymmetric head screws according to a radial direction relative to the axis of mobil, and all or part of said adjustment is performed by moving such screws screwed into some of these threaded housing. In the absence of a flange, machining of such tapped housings on the shaft 10 of the mobile.

Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, lorsqu'on effectue une mesure de moment de balourd résultant du mobile ou mobile équipé par rapport à l'axe de mobile, on repère le déséquilibre en position angulaire par rapport à un repère angulaire que comporte le mobile ou mobile équipé, tel qu'un pion, une encoche, un perçage, un composant rapporté, un marquage, ou similaire.In a particular embodiment of the invention, when a measure of moment of unbalance resulting from the mobile or mobile equipped with respect to the axis of mobile, one identifies the imbalance in angular position with respect to a reference angular that includes the mobile or mobile equipped, such as a pin, a notch, a drilling, a reported component, a marking, or the like.

Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on usine, préalablement à cet équilibrage statique et à cet équilibrage dynamique, un flasque, que comporte le mobile ou mobile équipé, avec un mal-plat d'une valeur prédéterminée. Notamment, dans une exécution particulière, on crée volontairement un balourd ou/et un moment de balourd résultant dans une direction angulaire particulière, et de façon décalée par rapport au plan médian P. Les figures 16A et 16B illustrent ainsi des surépaisseurs 31 et 32, de part et d'autre du plan P, et définissant ensemble sensiblement un plan PS passant par l'axe du mobile D. Ainsi on crée un grand balourd contrôlé, ce qui rend plus aisées les corrections fines de balourd pour l'équilibrage statique et l'équilibrage dynamique. On force ainsi la correction dans une certaine zone autour de ce plan PS passant par l'axe D.In a particular embodiment of the invention, prior to this static balancing and dynamic balancing, a flange, which comprises the mobile or mobile equipped, with a mal-dish of a predetermined value, is machined beforehand. In particular, in a particular embodiment, an unbalance or / and a moment of imbalance resulting voluntarily in a particular angular direction is created voluntarily and offset from the median plane P. Figures 16A and 16B thus illustrate thicknesses 31 and 32, on both sides of the plane P, and together substantially defining a plane PS passing through the axis of the mobile D. Thus we create a large controlled unbalance, which makes easier fine unbalance corrections for static balancing and dynamic balancing. This forces the correction in a certain zone around this plane PS passing through the axis D.

Pour effectuer la correction du déséquilibre, on peut avantageusement utiliser les méthodes suivantes, non limitatives, combinables entre elles, et applicables au niveau d'un flasque 2, ou, selon l'invention de l'arbre 10 du mobile, ou encore de bras de liaison entre l'arbre et une masse périphérique, ou encore au niveau de telles masses périphériques:

  • enlèvement de matière: usinage par fraisage ou tournage ou abrasion ou similaire, ablation laser ou microlaser ou nanolaser ou picolaser ou femtolaser, casse d'éléments sécables maintenus par des attaches fragiles ;
  • ajout de matière: projection de liquide pour sa solidification solide sur le mobile, notamment par jet d'encre ou similaire, objets solides rapportés en position fixe;
  • déplacement de matière: objets rapportés avec position réglable, déplacement d'au moins une portion de flasque par torsion du flasque ou d'une partie du mobile, ou encore d'un bras, déplacement d'une lame flexible, déplacement de vis ou d'inserts lisses ou cannelé ou facettisés, ces vis ou inserts pouvant avantageusement être asymétriques par rapport à leur direction d'insertion ou de vissage.
To perform the imbalance correction, it is advantageous to use the following nonlimiting methods, combinable with each other, and applicable at a flange 2, or, according to the invention of the shaft 10 of the mobile, or arms link between the shaft and a peripheral mass, or at such peripheral masses:
  • removal of material: machining by milling or turning or abrasion or the like, laser ablation or microlaser or nanolaser or picolaser or femtolaser, breakage of breakable elements held by fragile fasteners;
  • addition of material: projection of liquid for solid solidification on the mobile, in particular by inkjet or the like, solid objects reported in a fixed position;
  • movement of material: objects with adjustable position, displacement of at least one flange portion by twisting the flange or part of the mobile, or an arm, moving a flexible blade, moving screws or inserts smooth or fluted or faceted, these screws or inserts can advantageously be asymmetrical with respect to their direction of insertion or screwing.

Les figures représentent, de façon non limitative, des exemples d'ajustements effectués sur un flasque de mobile, puisqu'il est plus facile de faire une correction d'inertie à proximité du plus grand diamètre du mobile, ce qui permet de n'effectuer que des corrections de masse minimes. Pour simplifier la représentation, seul ce flasque est illustré, sans représentation complète de l'arbre de mobile. Naturellement, les dispositions décrites sont aussi applicables à d'autres formes de mobiles, et les usinages ou composants de réglage peuvent être positionnés sur d'autres parties du mobile, en fonction de leur accessibilitéThe figures show, in a nonlimiting manner, examples of adjustments made on a mobile flange, since it is easier to make an inertia correction near the largest diameter of the mobile, which makes it possible to perform only minimal mass corrections. To simplify the representation, only this flange is illustrated, without complete representation of the mobile tree. Naturally, the arrangements described are also applicable to other forms of mobile, and machining or adjustment components can be positioned on other parts of the mobile, depending on their accessibility.

En ce qui concerne plus particulièrement l'enlèvement de matière, les figures 2A à 2F illustrent différentes variantes d'usinages d'équilibrage réalisés sur un flasque 2 de mobile 1, la figure 2F illustrant notamment un usinage d'équilibrage caché au fond d'une gorge pour des raisons esthétiques.As regards more particularly the removal of material, the Figures 2A to 2F illustrate different variants of balancing machining performed on a flange 2 of mobile 1, the figure 2F illustrating in particular a balancing machining hidden at the bottom of a groove for aesthetic reasons.

De façon avantageuse, quand, de préférence, l'axe principal d'inertie théorique est constitué par l'axe D du mobile, et le plan médian P est calculé pour comporter les deux axes secondaires d'inertie, les usinages sont réalisés de part et d'autre de ce plan P. Les figures, non limitatives, illustrent différentes possibilités: de part et d'autre du plan médian (figures 2A, 2C, 2D, 2E), usinages intérieurs /extérieurs par rapport au flasque (figures 2C, 2D), de volume et de positionnement radial différent par rapport à l'axe du mobile (figure 2B), usinages réalisés axialement depuis un même côté du flasque (figures 2B, 2E) ou depuis les côtés opposés (figure 2A).Advantageously, when, preferably, the main axis of theoretical inertia is constituted by the axis D of the mobile, and the median plane P is calculated to include the two secondary axes of inertia, the machining is performed from and others of this plane P. The figures, non-limiting, illustrate different possibilities: on both sides of the median plane ( FIGS. 2A, 2C, 2D, 2E ), internal / external machining with respect to the flange ( Figures 2C, 2D ), of volume and radial positioning different from the axis of the mobile ( Figure 2B ), machining performed axially from the same side of the flange ( Figures 2B, 2E ) or from the opposite sides ( Figure 2A ).

Naturellement, les possibilités de répartition sont similaires en ce qui concerne l'ajout ou le déplacement de matière.Naturally, the distribution possibilities are similar as regards the addition or the displacement of matter.

Les figures 3A et 3B illustrent un mobile 1 comportant des masselottes 6 sécables ou/et pliables, 6A et 6B réparties de part et d'autre d'un plan médian P du flasque 2. La rupture d'une fine attache 6C permet d'obtenir un différentiel d'inertie par rapport à l'axe D, et le grand nombre de masselottes 6, de l'ordre d'une trentaine par niveau dans l'exemple de la figure, permet un ajustement par rapport à la direction du moment de balourd résultant mesuré.The Figures 3A and 3B illustrate a mobile device 1 comprising weights 6 breakable and / or foldable, 6A and 6B distributed on either side of a median plane P of the flange 2. The rupture of a thin fastener 6C provides a differential of inertia with respect to the axis D, and the large number of weights 6, of the order of thirty per level in the example of the figure, allows an adjustment with respect to the direction of the measured unbalance moment.

La figure 11 illustre un flasque 2 comportant une partie périphérique 2B raccordée à une âme 2A axiale par des attaches 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D, cette partie périphérique 2B étant fendue par des fentes 20, et déformable au niveau des différents tronçons 19A, 19B, 19C, 19D qu'elle comporte, chacun porté par une de ces attaches. De préférence, on effectue une déformation plastique de tout ou partie des attaches 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D pour redresser ou au contraire onduler le flasque 2. Ainsi par exemple une attache 23A porte un tronçon en forme de secteur 19A, dont les extrémités 21A et 22A sont mobiles par rapport à la direction radiale R de l'attache considérée, ici 23A, et, par torsion de cette attache, les deux extrémités sont éloignées de part et d'autre du plan médian du flasque au repos. Chaque attache 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D peut être déformée indépendamment des autres. Dans une autre variante de réalisation, l'attache peut être rigide, et le secteur de flasque déformable. Dans une autre variante encore, ils peuvent être tous deux déformables, toutefois la mesure en est moins aisée, surtout en cas de réglage réverse.The figure 11 illustrates a flange 2 comprising a peripheral portion 2B connected to an axial core 2A by fasteners 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D, this peripheral portion 2B being slotted by slots 20, and deformable at the different portions 19A, 19B, 19C, 19D it carries, each worn by one of these ties. Preferably, plastic deformation is carried out of all or part of the fasteners 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D in order to straighten or otherwise wave the flange 2. Thus, for example, a fastener 23A carries a sector-shaped section 19A whose ends 21A and 22A are movable relative to the radial direction R of the fastener considered, here 23A, and, by twisting of this fastener, the two ends are spaced apart on either side of the median plane of the flange at rest. Each fastener 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D may be deformed independently of the others. In another variant embodiment, the fastener may be rigid, and the sector of flange deformable. In another variant, they can both be deformable, however the measurement is less easy, especially in case of reverse setting.

Les figures 1, 4 à 10, et 12 à 14, illustrent des variantes de mobile comportant des composants rapportés.The figures 1 , 4 to 10 , and 12 to 14 , illustrate mobile variants with reported components.

La figure 12 montre une masse lisse 26 réglable en position axiale dans un logement 25, selon une direction A parallèle à l'axe de mobile D. La figure 13 montre une masse cannelée 27 mobile dans un logement ad hoc. La figure 14 analogue représente une masse prisonnière par rapport au flasque 2 du mobile 1, avec une tête 28 d'un côté du flasque 2, et une rivure 29 ou une expansion par bouterollage de l'autre côté du flasque 2. Le déplacement selon la direction A permet un ajustement en équilibrage dynamique, les masses lisse 26 ou cannelées 27 peuvent, encore, être graduées ou crantées selon la direction A pour faciliter le réglage, selon un calcul effectué par un moyen de pilotage du processus d'équilibrage dynamique.The figure 12 shows a smooth mass 26 adjustable in axial position in a housing 25, in a direction A parallel to the axis of mobile D. figure 13 shows a fluted mass 27 mobile in an ad hoc housing. The figure 14 analogue represents a mass trapped relative to the flange 2 of the mobile 1, with a head 28 on one side of the flange 2, and a rivet 29 or an expansion by The displacement in the direction A allows a dynamic balancing adjustment, the smooth masses 26 or fluted 27 can, again, be graduated or notched in the direction A to facilitate the adjustment, according to a calculation. performed by a control means of the dynamic balancing process.

La figure 7 montre des vis de réglage 14 dans des logements 15 du flasque 2, montées parallèles selon une direction A à la direction axiale D du mobile 1. La figure 8 comporte des vis de réglage 14 analogues à celles de la figure 7, disposées en alternance sur (vis 14A) et sous (vis 14B) le flasque 2 du mobile 1, dans des logements 15A et 15B correspondants. Naturellement, le montage inverse, avec un écrou sur un axe fileté, convient également. Dans l'un et l'autre cas, il est avantageux d'utiliser des pas légèrement différents entre le composant mâle et le composant femelle, pour améliorer la tenue en service.The figure 7 shows adjusting screws 14 in housings 15 of the flange 2, mounted parallel in a direction A to the axial direction D of the mobile 1. The figure 8 has adjustment screws 14 similar to those of the figure 7 , arranged alternately on (screw 14A) and under (screw 14B) the flange 2 of the mobile 1, in corresponding housings 15A and 15B. Naturally, the reverse mounting, with a nut on a threaded shaft, is also suitable. In either case, it is advantageous to use slightly different steps between the male component and the female component to improve the service life.

Un composant rapporté est avantageusement monté mobile sur la structure du mobile. A cet effet, le mobile 1 comporte, mobile en glissement, une partie chassée, ou clipée, ou montée avec jeu, soit en rotation, soit axialement. L'aménagement d'au moins une surface de guidage par crantage ou similaire permet au composant rapporté de prendre des positions discrètes.An attached component is advantageously mounted movably on the structure of the mobile. For this purpose, the mobile 1 comprises, slidably movable, a portion driven, or clipped, or mounted with clearance, either in rotation or axially. Providing at least one nip guide surface or the like allows the reported component to take discrete positions.

La mobilité du composant rapporté peut encore être effectuée par vissage/dévissage.The mobility of the reported component can still be performed by screwing / unscrewing.

Un composant de réglage peut ainsi être monté avec jeu, et serré par une vis, par exemple coulissant. Ainsi, les figures 4A et 4B illustrent des masses mobiles sur ou sous des rails 3 incorporés dans des fenêtres d'un flasque 2 du mobile 1. Ces masses mobiles sont constituées notamment par des étriers 8 coulissants comportant chacun une vis d'immobilisation 7, ici figurée selon une direction A axiale parallèle à l'axe D du mobile 1. La vis 7, et surtout la tête de cette vis, peut être placée d'un côté ou de l'autre du mobile 1. Ou bien c'est l'étrier 8 entier, équipé de sa vis 7, qui est placé sur un rail 3 de façon à présenter la tête de la vis 7 d'un côté ou de l'autre du mobile 1.A setting component can thus be mounted with clearance, and tightened by a screw, for example sliding. Thus, Figures 4A and 4B illustrate mobile masses on or under rails 3 incorporated in windows of a flange 2 of the mobile 1. These movable masses are constituted in particular by sliding stirrups 8 each having an immobilizing screw 7, here shown in an axial direction A parallel to the axis D of the mobile 1. The screw 7, and especially the head of this screw, can be placed on one side or the other of the mobile 1. Or it is the stirrup 8 whole, equipped its screw 7, which is placed on a rail 3 so as to present the head of the screw 7 on one side or the other of the mobile 1.

Le composant de réglage peut aussi être clipé sur un bras 3 ou sur le flasque 2 du mobile 1. Par exemple il peut consister en un objet flexible clipé sur partie rigide, par exemple une masselotte sur un axe, ou encore en un objet rigide clipé dans une partie flexible, par exemple un axe dans une fente.The adjustment component may also be clipped on an arm 3 or on the flange 2 of the mobile 1. For example it may consist of a flexible object clipped on a rigid part, for example a counterweight on an axis, or a rigid clip-on object. in a flexible part, for example an axis in a slot.

Un composant de réglage peut aussi être un composant additionnel simplement collé, soudé, ou encore rivé, à la structure du mobile.An adjusting component may also be an additional component simply bonded, welded, or riveted to the structure of the mobile.

Dans une variante de réalisation, on fait fléchir un objet rapporté flexible.In an alternative embodiment, it bends a flexible insert.

La figure 5 illustre, dans une première variante, un mobile 1 avec au moins une lame déformable 9, avec une composante selon la direction axiale A parallèle à l'axe D du mobile. La déformation de chaque lame 9 est imprimée par une vis de réglage 7, ici représentée fixée dans un logement taraudé 7A du rail 3. Dans une variante non illustrée, de telles vis peuvent aussi être portées par le flasque 2. Avantageusement au moins une lame flexible 9 équipe chaque côté du mobile 1. Le réglage différentiel d'inertie est procuré à la fois par le déplacement de chaque vis de réglage 7 selon sa direction A, et par la déformée de la lame flexible 9 correspondante. De façon préférée, tel que visible sur la figure, la lame flexible 9 est maintenue à une seule extrémité 9E, près de l'axe du mobile 1, et est libre à son autre extrémité, à laquelle elle comporte avantageusement une masse additionnelle 9A. On comprend que la lame déformable 9 peut être conçue pour son utilisation dans un domaine de déformation élastique, dans l'optique de reprises de réglage, ou bien dans le domaine de déformation plastique, en cas de réglage unique du mobile. Si l'exemple de la figure illustre une déformation de la lame flexible par une vis, la déformation commandée par le mécanisme d'un écrou, ou d'un autre composant mobile ou déformable, est naturellement concevable.The figure 5 illustrates, in a first variant, a mobile 1 with at least one deformable blade 9, with a component in the axial direction A parallel to the axis D of the mobile. The deformation of each blade 9 is printed by a set screw 7, here shown fixed in a threaded housing 7A of the rail 3. In a variant not shown, such screws can also be carried by the flange 2. Advantageously at least one blade flexible 9 equips each side of the mobile 1. The differential adjustment of inertia is provided both by the displacement of each adjusting screw 7 in its direction A, and by the deformation of the corresponding flexible blade 9. Preferably, as shown in the figure, the flexible blade 9 is held at one end 9E, near the axis of the mobile 1, and is free at its other end, which it advantageously comprises an additional mass 9A. It is understood that the deformable blade 9 can be designed for use in a field of elastic deformation, in the optics of setting resets, or in the field of plastic deformation, in case of unique adjustment of the mobile. If the example of the figure illustrates a deformation of the flexible blade by a screw, the deformation controlled by the mechanism of a nut, or another mobile or deformable component, is naturally conceivable.

Une deuxième variante de ce réglage par flexion met en oeuvre un déplacement de la fixation de la partie flexible, éventuellement pourvue de crans, et avec un appui de la partie flexible contre une came ou une zone fixe.A second variant of this adjustment by bending implements a displacement of the attachment of the flexible part, possibly provided with notches, and with a support of the flexible part against a cam or a fixed zone.

Ainsi la figure 6 illustre une masse 130 orientable angulairement par rapport à une fenêtre 2F que comporte un flasque 2 du mobile 1, et comportant un arc 13 en appui sur un premier bord 2H et sous un second bord 2G de cette fenêtre 2F. La masse 130 est orientable angulairement par rapport au flasque 3, selon un angle au centre a. Cette masse orientable 130 comporte une rondelle d'appui 11 venant en appui sur une portée du mobile 1, notamment une portée de l'arbre 10. Cette rondelle d'appui 11 est solidaire d'un bras 12, de préférence souple, qui est lui-même solidaire de l'arc 13, de préférence de rigidité supérieure en torsion à celle du bras 12. Cet arc 13 est en appui, à une première extrémité 13A sur un premier bord 2H, et à une deuxième extrémité 13B sous un second bord 2G de cette fenêtre 2F. Le pivotement imposé à la masse orientable 13 l'oblige à prendre un vrillage particulier qui permet de modifier l'équilibrage dynamique du mobile 1. Dans une autre variante de réalisation, le bras 12 est rigide, et l'arc 13 déformable. Dans une autre variante encore, ils peuvent être tous deux déformables, toutefois la mesure en est moins aisée, surtout en cas de réglage réverse.So the figure 6 illustrates a mass 130 orientable angularly with respect to a window 2F that includes a flange 2 of the mobile 1, and having an arc 13 bears on a first edge 2H and under a second edge 2G of this window 2F. The mass 130 is angularly adjustable relative to the flange 3, at an angle to the center a. This orientable mass 130 comprises a bearing washer 11 bearing on a bearing surface of the mobile 1, in particular a bearing surface of the shaft 10. This bearing washer 11 is integral with an arm 12, preferably flexible, which is itself integral with the arc 13, preferably greater rigidity in torsion than that of the arm 12. This arc 13 bears, at a first end 13A on a first edge 2H, and at a second end 13B under a second 2G edge of this 2F window. The pivoting imposed on the orientable mass 13 forces it to take a particular twisting which makes it possible to modify the dynamic balancing of the mobile 1. In another variant embodiment, the arm 12 is rigid, and the bow 13 deformable. In yet another variant, they can be both deformable, however the measurement is less easy, especially in case of reverse setting.

Pour éviter d'introduire un balourd, il est possible d'utiliser des composants rapportés avec position fixe en projection dans le plan médian P, et mobiles selon une direction axiale A parallèle à l'axe D du mobile 1. C'est le cas notamment des réalisations des figures 7 et 8, où la projection sur le plan P du centre d'inertie de chaque composant de réglage ou vis 14 reste immobile lorsqu'on déplace ce composant de réglage.To avoid introducing unbalance, it is possible to use reported components with fixed position in projection in the median plane P, and movable in an axial direction A parallel to the axis D of the mobile 1. This is the case particular achievements of Figures 7 and 8 , where the projection on the plane P of the center of inertia of each adjusting component or screw 14 remains stationary when moving the adjustment component.

Dans un agencement particulier, les composants de réglage sont installés en symétrie deux à deux par rapport à l'axe D du mobile 1. Ainsi, des réglages symétriques des composants d'une telle paire n'altèrent pas l'équilibrage statique du mobile.In a particular arrangement, the adjustment components are installed in symmetry two by two with respect to the axis D of the mobile 1. Thus, symmetrical adjustments of the components of such a pair do not alter the static balancing of the mobile.

Si nécessaire, chaque composant de réglage est déplaçable indépendamment des autres.If necessary, each adjustment component is movable independently of the others.

Les figures 9 et 10 illustrent deux cas d'application.The figures 9 and 10 illustrate two cases of application.

Dans un premier cas, le centre d'inertie du composant de réglage est situé sur l'axe de rotation de ce composant, et/ou ce composant est en translation selon un axe. Si le centre d'inertie se déplace le long de l'axe par exemple lors d'un vissage, et si la projection sur le plan médian P du centre d'inertie du composant se déplace également, alors on doit effectuer le déplacement symétrique de l'objet d'en face. Sinon, chaque composant de réglage est déplaçable indépendamment.In a first case, the center of inertia of the adjustment component is located on the axis of rotation of this component, and / or this component is in translation along an axis. If the center of inertia moves along the axis for example during a screwing, and if the projection on the median plane P of the center of inertia of the component also moves, then one must carry out the symmetrical displacement of the object opposite. Otherwise, each adjustment component is movable independently.

La figure 9 illustre cette configuration, avec un mobile 1 comportant des vis de réglage 16 montées dans des logements 17 dans le flasque 2, montées de préférence dans le plan médian P du flasque 2 selon des directions radiales R par rapport à l'axe D de mobile. Ces vis de réglage 12 comportent des têtes qui ne sont pas de révolution, mais qui sont symétriques par rapport à l'axe de vissage R, et dont la position angulaire des ailes 16A et 16B permet de modifier l'équilibrage dynamique. Dans la réalisation préférée de la figure 9 pour cette configuration, la tête de vis prend la forme d'un barreau. La projection de ce barreau sur un plan tangent au flasque 2 se fait selon un angle β assimilable à un angle d'hélice. Ainsi, les ailes 16A, 16B sont, soit toutes les deux dans un même plan P dans une seule position angulaire où β=0, soit de part et d'autre de ce plan P pour les autres valeurs de l'angle β.The figure 9 illustrates this configuration, with a mobile 1 having adjusting screws 16 mounted in housings 17 in the flange 2, preferably mounted in the median plane P of the flange 2 in radial directions R with respect to the axis D of mobile. These adjusting screws 12 comprise heads which are not of revolution, but which are symmetrical with respect to the screw axis R, and whose angular position of the wings 16A and 16B makes it possible to modify the dynamic balancing. In the preferred embodiment of the figure 9 for this configuration, the screw head takes the form of a bar. The projection of this bar on a plane tangent to the flange 2 is at an angle β comparable to a helix angle. Thus, the wings 16A, 16B are either both in the same plane P in a single angular position where β = 0 or on either side of this plane P for the other values of the angle β.

Dans un deuxième cas, le centre d'inertie du composant de réglages est situé hors de l'axe de rotation du composant. Il est alors systématiquement nécessaire d'effectuer une rotation symétrique du composant opposé de la paire.In a second case, the center of inertia of the adjustment component is located outside the axis of rotation of the component. It is then systematically necessary to perform a symmetrical rotation of the opposite component of the pair.

C'est le cas de la figure 10, où le mobile 1 comporte des vis de réglage asymétriques 18 dont la tête est asymétrique par rapport à l'axe de vissage, et comporte une aile 18B avec un moment d'inertie supérieur à celui de l'autre aile 18A par rapport à l'axe de vissage radial R. De la même façon que dans le cas précédent, la tête de vis prend la forme d'un barreau. La projection de ce barreau sur un plan tangent au flasque 2 se fait selon un angle γ assimilable à un angle d'hélice, et on voit sur la figure que les composants sont orientés deux à deux en symétrie par rapport à leur axe radial R respectif.This is the case of figure 10 , where the mobile 1 comprises asymmetric adjustment screws 18 whose head is asymmetrical with respect to the screw axis, and comprises a wing 18B with a moment of inertia greater than that of the other wing 18A with respect to the radial screwing pin R. In the same way as in the previous case, the screw head takes the form of a bar. The projection of this bar on a plane tangent to the flange 2 is at an angle γ comparable to a helix angle, and we see in the figure that the components are oriented in pairs symmetrically with respect to their respective radial axis R .

L'invention concerne encore un mobile 1 pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps, comportant au moins un flasque 2 relié, soit directement, soit par au moins un bras, à un arbre 10 de mobile aligné sur un axe de mobile D. Ce flasque 2 est préférentiellement sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe de mobile D. Ce mobile 1 est agencé pour osciller autour d'un axe d'oscillation aligné sur cet axe de mobile D.The invention also relates to a mobile 1 for a scientific instrument or timepiece, comprising at least one flange 2 connected, either directly or by at least one arm, to a mobile shaft 10 aligned on a mobile axis D. This flange 2 is preferably substantially perpendicular to the mobile axis D. This mobile 1 is arranged to oscillate about an axis of oscillation aligned on this mobile axis D.

Selon l'invention, ce mobile 1 comporte, de fabrication, un premier axe principal d'inertie longitudinal voisin de cet axe de mobile D ou confondu avec lui, et deux autres axes principaux d'inertie définissant ensemble un plan médian P. Dans une réalisation particulière, ce plan médian P est situé dans l'épaisseur du flasque 2.According to the invention, this mobile 1 comprises, of manufacture, a first main axis of longitudinal inertia adjacent to this axis of mobile D or coincident with it, and two other main axes of inertia together defining a median plane P. In a particular embodiment, this median plane P is located in the thickness of the flange 2.

Et ce flasque 2 comporte une pluralité de logements recevant chacun une masse mobile réglable en position dans le logement concerné, ou bien uniquement selon une direction A parallèle à l'axe de mobile, ou bien uniquement dans un plan perpendiculaire à une radiale R issue de l'axe de mobile D.And this flange 2 comprises a plurality of housings each receiving a movable mass adjustable in position in the housing concerned, or only in a direction A parallel to the axis of mobile, or only in a plane perpendicular to a radial R from the mobile axis D.

Dans une réalisation particulière voisine de l'invention, chaque tel logement ou/et chaque telle masse mobile correspondante comporte des moyens d'arrêt pour autoriser le maintien de cette masse mobile dans plusieurs positions discrètes où son centre de gravité est distant de ce plan médian P.In a particular embodiment close to the invention, each such housing or / and each such corresponding mobile mass includes stop means for allowing the maintenance of this mobile mass in several discrete positions where its center of gravity is distant from this median plane. P.

Dans un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, chaque tel logement ou/et chaque telle masse mobile comporte des moyens de rappel élastique pour le maintien en position de cette masse mobile dans ce logement.In a particular embodiment of the invention, each such housing or / and each such moving mass comprises resilient return means for holding in position this mobile mass in this housing.

Une réalisation voisine de l'invention concerne encore un mobile équipé 40 pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps comportant au moins un tel mobile 1, et comporte encore au moins un moyen d'entraînement, ou/et un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion élastique, ou/et un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion magnétique, ou/et un moyen de rappel ou de répulsion électrostatique, attaché à cet au moins un mobile.A neighboring embodiment of the invention also relates to a mobile 40 equipped for scientific instrument or timepiece comprising at least one such mobile 1, and further comprises at least one drive means, or / and a means of return or elastic repulsion , or / and a means of return or magnetic repulsion, and / or a means of return or electrostatic repulsion, attached to this at least one mobile.

Une réalisation voisine de l'invention concerne encore un mécanisme 50 pour instrument scientifique ou garde-temps comportant un tel mobile équipé 40 ou/et un tel mobile 1.A neighboring embodiment of the invention also relates to a mechanism 50 for a scientific instrument or timepiece comprising such a mobile equipped 40 or / and such a mobile 1.

Une réalisation voisine de l'invention concerne encore un instrument scientifique 60 comportant un tel mécanisme 50 ou/et un tel mobile équipé 40 ou/et un tel mobile 1.A neighboring embodiment of the invention also relates to a scientific instrument 60 comprising such a mechanism 50 or / and such a mobile equipped 40 or / and such a mobile 1.

L'invention permet une réduction sensible des efforts sur les pivots, une lubrification facilitée, et une augmentation de la durée de vie des mécanismes, et tout particulièrement de la durée de vie utile, c'est-à-dire la période pendant laquelle le mécanisme fournit une réponse reproductible à une sollicitation identique en provenance d'une source d'énergie, ou d'un signal, ou d'un autre mécanisme ou capteur, ou similaire. L'invention permet d'améliorer la stabilité de la marche d'un mobile ainsi équilibré dynamiquement.The invention allows a significant reduction of the forces on the pivots, a facilitated lubrication, and an increase in the lifetime of the mechanisms, and especially the useful life, that is to say the period during which the mechanism provides a reproducible response to an identical bias from a power source, or signal, or other mechanism or sensor, or the like. The invention makes it possible to improve the stability of the movement of a mobile thus dynamically balanced.

Claims (7)

  1. Method of improving the pivoting of a mobile (1) or of an equipped mobile (40) for a scientific instrument or timekeeper, including at least one arbor (10) arranged to pivot or oscillate about an oscillation axis aligned on an axis (D) of a mobile formed by the axis of said arbor (10), wherein:
    - static balancing of said mobile is performed to bring the centre of gravity thereof onto said mobile axis (D);
    - a desired value is determined for the resulting unbalance moment of said mobile about said mobile axis (D), corresponding to a predetermined desired divergence between a first principal longitudinal axis of inertia of said mobile, and said mobile axis (D);
    - said mobile is set in rotation at a predetermined speed about said mobile axis (D), and the resulting unbalance moment thereof is measured with regard to said mobile axis (D).
    - an adjustment is made to the value of the resulting unbalance moment of said mobile about said mobile axis (D) within a given determined tolerance with regard to said desired value, said adjustment is carried out by the asymmetrical addition and/or movement and/or removal of material in relation to a plane that is either perpendicular to said axis (D) of said mobile (1) or equipped mobile (40), or defined by the two other principal axes of inertia of said mobile (1) or equipped mobile (40), and characterized in that said addition and/or movement and/or removal of material is carried out on said arbor (10) of said mobile (1).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said static balancing is performed prior to said adjustment of the value of the dynamic balancing moment.
  3. Method according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that said static balancing is performed simultaneously with said adjustment of the value of the dynamic balancing moment.
  4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said desired value of the resulting unbalance moment of said mobile or equipped mobile about said mobile axis (D) is set at zero, so as to make said first principal longitudinal axis of inertia of said mobile or said equipped mobile coincident with said mobile axis (D).
  5. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said predetermined speed of rotation is set at a maximum angular speed calculated for said mobile or equipped mobile, considered during the pivoting or oscillation thereof in service, in combination with at least one specific drive means and/or specific elastic means of return or repulsion and/or magnetic means of return or repulsion and/or electrostatic means of return or repulsion.
  6. Method according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that, when the resulting unbalance moment of said mobile or equipped mobile is measured in relation to said mobile axis, the unbalance is noted in an angular position in relation to an angular guide-mark included on said mobile (1) or equipped mobile (40).
  7. Method according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that, prior to said static balancing and said dynamic balancing, there is created a flange (2), included on said mobile (1) or equipped mobile (40), with a resulting unbalance moment of a predetermined value.
EP11195125.7A 2011-12-22 2011-12-22 Method for improving the pivoting of a mobile device Active EP2607970B1 (en)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11195125.7A EP2607970B1 (en) 2011-12-22 2011-12-22 Method for improving the pivoting of a mobile device
US14/366,913 US9645551B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-11-30 Method of improving the pivoting of a wheel set
JP2014547823A JP5820543B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-11-30 How to improve wheelset turning
PCT/EP2012/074143 WO2013092172A1 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-11-30 Method for improving the pivotal movement of a mobile body
RU2014130095/12A RU2573811C1 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-11-30 Perfected revolution of set of wheels
JP2014547822A JP5820542B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-11-30 How to improve wheelset turning
PCT/EP2012/074144 WO2013092173A1 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-11-30 Method for improving the pivotal movement of a mobile body
US14/367,768 US9310774B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-11-30 Method of improving the pivoting of a wheel set
EP12791818.3A EP2795408B1 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-11-30 Method for improving the pivoting of a mobile device
EP17192127.3A EP3376306A1 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-11-30 Mobile for time-keeping or scientific instrument
RU2014130091/28A RU2573701C1 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-11-30 Perfected revolution of set of wheels
EP12791819.1A EP2795409B1 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-11-30 Method for improving the pivoting of a mobile device
CN201280063718.4A CN104169814B (en) 2011-12-22 2012-11-30 The method for improving the pivot of wheel set
CN201280063595.4A CN104011609B (en) 2011-12-22 2012-11-30 The method for improving the pivot of wheel set
HK15104981.6A HK1204497A1 (en) 2011-12-22 2015-05-26 Method for improving the pivotal movement of a mobile body

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11195125.7A EP2607970B1 (en) 2011-12-22 2011-12-22 Method for improving the pivoting of a mobile device

Publications (2)

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EP2607970A1 EP2607970A1 (en) 2013-06-26
EP2607970B1 true EP2607970B1 (en) 2018-02-07

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105974776A (en) * 2016-07-04 2016-09-28 上海靖和实业有限公司 Double exposed pendulum movement swing stopping device

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US2239668A (en) * 1938-07-29 1941-04-29 Firm Manufacture Des Montres R Balance wheel for watch movements
US2958997A (en) * 1954-10-11 1960-11-08 Jahn Paul Compensatable balance wheel
CH390165A (en) * 1962-08-20 1965-07-30 Zenger Roger Method for balancing a clockwork balance, device for implementing this method and balance balanced by this method
US4626147A (en) * 1984-10-03 1986-12-02 Whirlpool Corporation Method of and apparatus for balancing a rotary body
US5111713A (en) * 1989-12-18 1992-05-12 International Business Machines Corporation Dynamically balanced rotary unit
FR2713771B1 (en) * 1993-12-08 1996-03-01 Electricite De France Method, device and application for dynamic balancing of a rotating rotating part.
JP5352467B2 (en) * 2006-12-06 2013-11-27 レゴ−フィックス アーゲー Method and apparatus for balancing tool joints
EP2677369B1 (en) * 2010-06-11 2015-01-14 Montres Breguet SA High frequency balance wheel for timepiece

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Title
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