EP2605229A1 - Système d'alarme d'incendie et méthode pour l'utilisation d'un système d'alarme d'incendie - Google Patents

Système d'alarme d'incendie et méthode pour l'utilisation d'un système d'alarme d'incendie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2605229A1
EP2605229A1 EP11193454.3A EP11193454A EP2605229A1 EP 2605229 A1 EP2605229 A1 EP 2605229A1 EP 11193454 A EP11193454 A EP 11193454A EP 2605229 A1 EP2605229 A1 EP 2605229A1
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Prior art keywords
transmission
radio
fire alarm
unit
variation
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EP11193454.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2605229B1 (fr
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Matthias Dietsch
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/009—Signalling of the alarm condition to a substation whose identity is signalled to a central station, e.g. relaying alarm signals in order to extend communication range

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire alarm system according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for operating a fire alarm system according to the preamble of independent claim 10.
  • fire alarm systems are known to the general technological background, comprising a plurality of locally distributed fire alarm units.
  • These fire alarm units each have sensor means which can detect fire development locally and thus as early as possible, further alarm means (such as optical and / or audible alarms), which, associated with a respective fire alarm unit warn people in the vicinity of a danger . Since it is necessary in a sensitive context of a fire alarm, even to a potential fire adjacent or adjacent premises early to alarm (and possibly trigger more extensive, systemic messages), known fire alarm units are networked together for data communication and allow such alarm messages among themselves and can be forwarded to a higher-level central unit.
  • known systems are typically provided with a central unit which, in addition to communicative coordination tasks, can also make a configuration for individual fire alarm units (as subscribers in such a system), furthermore typically there are so-called repeaters, namely units which, although with their own Fire detection can be provided, the main purpose, however, is the bridging a radio link between two fire alarm units whose range would not otherwise range for direct communication.
  • Wired systems have the disadvantage of being expensive to install and configure and inflexible in terms of possible extensions, retrofits or maintenance and replacement. For example, when installing between the respective fire alarm units as participants physical lines are laid, which often requires complex installation and construction measures.
  • radio-based systems assumed to be known have the disadvantage that (as a result of the system) the fire alarm units share the same transmission medium, namely at least one radio channel provided for the data exchange.
  • the fire alarm units more precisely: this assigned transmission means for transmitting radio messages
  • the resulting radio data collision impedes an effective propagation of the alarm message:
  • the time and spatially overlapping news disturbs each other.
  • Additional disadvantages of wireless radio-based alarm systems are the occurrence of possible external interference, namely interference by non-system associated participants (so-called third-party radio, such as in a respective frequency or signal band radiating radio signals).
  • radio-based systems to be presupposed have the disadvantage that a technical failure of a system user, for example due to a power supply problem, is not detected in non-alarm times often or not in time, with the result that this unit concerned then not only in case of fire can not perform detection and subsequent alerting, but also is not suitable for receiving and / or forwarding any radio signals of neighboring units.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to improve a generic fire alarm system with regard to the transmission reliability of the radio message between at least two of the radio subscriber units, in particular operational safety of the system by accelerated resolution of collisions in the transmission of the radio message in successive
  • the radio subscriber units of the invention (which are typically provided as fire alarm units with associated, otherwise known sensors, in particular smoke, temperature and / or gas sensors) equipped with transmission means for transmitting radio messages, whereby the basic functionality of a wireless network is realized.
  • the (radio) transmission means mean both transmit and receive functionality, so that bidirectional radio messages can be transmitted.
  • the transmission means are assigned logic means which are provided to determine the specific transmission parameters of a radio message, in particular a specific transmission time of a radio message (preferably within the framework of a synchronous time frame) for a respective radio message of the radio subscriber units.
  • These logic means comprise a variation unit according to the invention, which advantageously has a device-specific variation parameter according to the invention, ie for a respective radio subscriber unit this variation parameter, typically implemented as coding, differs from the parameter of another radio subscriber unit.
  • this now permits this Variation parameter, in response to detecting a collision (ie, about a predetermined interference by an adjacent radio subscriber unit, also by an external interferer) by a collision detection unit trigger a re-transmission of the radio message, but in their transmission parameters, in particular their relative transmission time position (in the context of the synchronous Systems), influenced and determined by the variation parameter or a currently used in coding.
  • a collision ie, about a predetermined interference by an adjacent radio subscriber unit, also by an external interferer
  • a collision detection unit trigger a re-transmission of the radio message, but in their transmission parameters, in particular their relative transmission time position (in the context of the synchronous Systems), influenced and determined by the variation parameter or a currently used in coding.
  • these codes are configured differently between the radio subscriber units of the fire alarm system according to the invention, this forcibly determines different transmission parameters, in particular a different retransmission time, so that when there is a relevant coding at a relevant transmission or repetition time (Repeat cycle), a proper and trouble-free transmission, at least with respect to participants in the system, can be ensured. It then follows in turn that the object according to the invention, namely a maximum time for a collision-free transmission of a radio message can be ensured despite possible collisions during transmission operation of a plurality of participating radio subscriber units.
  • the transmission frequency, the transmission power and / or the modulation type of the radio message are also suitable as transmission parameters to be varied.
  • a temporal variation of a (subsequent) transmission time for a radio message takes place, for example in response to a detected collision, as a function of the variation parameter, and since the variation parameters differ between participating radio subscriber units, a different (and hence collision-free ) re-transmission time reached.
  • the default time is that (relative) time within a synchronous time frame, to which typically a first transmission of a radio message by one of the radio subscriber units, and it is according to the invention favorable further education, this relative time then in a collision case according to the invention by the data obtained from the variation parameters default data to a specific participant change.
  • the device-specific variation parameter according to the invention is coding, for example as binary coding, which is taken into account for determining a sequence of successive retransmission attempts in accordance with the associated bit pattern.
  • coding for example as binary coding
  • a predefined collision sequence control is possible in a particularly simple and elegant manner, which can achieve the inventive goal of a maximum time for secure collision-free transmission mode. It is then advantageous to design the number of individual bits of the bit pattern necessary for this as a function of a relevant number of subscribers in the fire alarm system.
  • the variation parameters of respective (adjacent) fire detection units are set or selected so that those fire alarm units, which are in close proximity to each other (which also typically then approximately simultaneously generate an alarm signal and trigger a corresponding radio message) are so different from each other, that at the earliest possible time in the sequence of repetitions or repetitions of the radio message transmission in response to a collision Difference in coding occurs.
  • the variation parameter of this bit pattern would preferably be set up or selected for mutually adjacent radio subscriber units in such a way that these patterns are already used in the initially or early considered bits (for influencing the Transmission time).
  • the device-specific variation parameters would then be device-individualizing identifiers whose coding or pattern is used to specify the variation in subsequent transmission times in the event of a collision in the manner according to the invention.
  • the collision detection units each comprise a detection unit for the number of failed transmission attempts (such as in the form of a counter).
  • the number of failed transmission attempts detected by this detection unit can be taken into account by the associated variation unit for determining the variation of the transmission parameter. In particular, this can be used to determine the part of the device-specific variation parameter which is relevant for the variation during a plurality of transmission attempts.
  • Fig. 1 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a system according to the invention, a fire alarm system with a first, a second and a third fire alarm unit 100, 200 and 300, respectively via fire detection detection means 102, 202 and 302, in particular comprising smoke, temperature and / or gas sensors, which are signal-connected to logic means 104, 204 and 304, respectively.
  • the logic means 104, 204 and 304 are in turn each with alarm reporting means 106, 206 and 306, such as formed by a siren and / or an alarm light, and with (data) transmission means 108, 208 and 308 for data transmission, in particular for transmission of alarm and / or status messages as radio messages, via a transmission medium 90, here formed by a radio transceiver for wireless data transmission, connected.
  • alarm reporting means 106, 206 and 306 such as formed by a siren and / or an alarm light
  • (data) transmission means 108, 208 and 308 for data transmission, in particular for transmission of alarm and / or status messages as radio messages, via a transmission medium 90, here formed by a radio transceiver for wireless data transmission, connected.
  • the system is designed such that upon detection of a fire by the detection means 102, 202 or 302, the associated logic means 104, 204 and 304, respectively, triggers an alarm case in which the alarm reporting unit 106, 206 or 306 in the vicinity of respective fire detection unit persons, in particular visually and / or acoustically, be warned of a fire hazard.
  • the logic means 104, 204 and 304 propagate the alarm message via the data transmission means 108, 208 and 308, respectively, to further fire alarm units.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows the first fire alarm unit 100, wherein a possible embodiment of the data transmission means 108 and the logic unit 104 is shown in detail.
  • the structure of the second and third fire detection units 200 and 300 may be equivalent to this structure.
  • the data transmission means 108 comprise a transmission unit 120 with a transmission buffer, which is designed to transmit the messages buffered in the transmission buffer onto the transmission medium 90.
  • the individual transmission parameters, such as transmission time, frequency, transmission power and / or modulation type, of the transmission unit 120 can be varied by a variation unit 142, which is part of the logic means.
  • the data transmission means 108 comprise a receiving unit 130 with a receiving buffer, which is designed to receive messages from the transmission medium 90 and to store them in the receiving buffer.
  • the logic means 104 further comprise a collision detection unit 140, which detects a faulty transmission of status and / or alarm messages and optionally informing the variation unit 142 with a corresponding signal.
  • the variation unit 142 determines, based on a device-specific variation parameter 144, the variation of the transmission parameters for the next transmission by the transmission unit 120, wherein the device-specific variation parameter 144 is deterministic for the variation of at least one transmission parameter.
  • the device-specific variation parameter 144 is preferably a device identifier which is stored in a non-volatile memory of the fire alarm unit 100.
  • Fig. 3 the signal sequence of a simple conflict-free alarm case is shown in a signal / time diagram.
  • the detection means 102 detect the first fire detection unit 100, a fire that may have been triggered by a fire, for example.
  • the detection means 102 now inform the logic means 104 about the development of the fire, in which the detection means 102, controlled by the event, generate a corresponding signal in step S10.
  • the logic means 104 can periodically interrogate the detection means 102 to detect an alarm case and check the measured values thus obtained for tolerance compliance.
  • the logic means 104 now process the alarm signal in S11 and then trigger the alarm notification means 106 in step S12, so that people in the vicinity of the fire detection unit 100 are warned. Furthermore, in step S13, the logic means 104 causes the alarm to be forwarded via the data transmission means 108.
  • the data transmission means 108 now send the alarm signal to the fire detection units located in range in step S14, whereby in this example only the fire alarm unit 200 is within radio range of the fire alarm unit 100 due to the external conditions (such as signal interfering transmitter or too great distance).
  • Step S15 After the transmission of the alarm signal in step S15, this is received by the second fire alarm unit 200 through its data transmission means 208 and in Step S20 forwarded to the logic means 204.
  • Step S21 After the transmission of the alarm signal in step S21, this is received by the second fire alarm unit 200 through its data transmission means 208 and in Step S20 forwarded to the logic means 204.
  • Step S21 These process the alarm signal in step S21 and trigger the alarm notification means 206 in step S22 so that even persons in the vicinity of the fire detection unit 200 are informed about the possible danger.
  • the logic means 204 in this embodiment send a corresponding signal to the data transmission means 208 so that they send the alarm signal again in step S24.
  • This retransmission is an optional feature which advantageously achieves fire detection units within reach of the fire detection unit 200 but has not received the original alarm signal emitted by the fire detection unit 100 because it is out of range of the fire detection unit 100 (or its transmission means 108) are located.
  • the fire detection unit 300 is within the transmission range of the fire detection unit 200, but not within range of the fire detection unit 100. Since both the fire detection unit 100 and the fire detection unit 300 are within radio range of the fire detection unit 200, both receive the alarm signal emitted from the fire detection unit 200 into the fire alarm unit 200 Steps S 25 (fire detection unit 300) and S 26 (fire detection unit 100).
  • the transmission means 108 of the first fire alarm unit 100 forward the alarm signal to the logic means 104 of the first fire alarm unit 100 upon receipt.
  • Logic means 104 recognize (eg, based on an alarm ID) that the alarm signal in fire alarm unit 100 has already been processed (since it is self-originating) and the corresponding alarm has already been triggered.
  • the alarm signal is now interpreted as an acknowledgment of receipt for the previously sent alarm, so that the logic means 104 of the fire detection unit 100 in step S 41 recognize the alarm reporting process as successful and cause no further processing.
  • the transmission means 308 of the third fire alarm unit 300 (which have received the alarm signal emitted by the second fire alarm unit 200 at approximately the same time as the transmission means 108 of the first fire alarm unit 100) relay the alarm signal in step S30 to the logic means 304 of the third fire alarm unit 300, which controls this processed in step S 31. Since the fire alarm unit 300 has not yet processed this alarm signal, trigger the logic means 304 in step S 32, the alarm message means 306 and cause in step S 33, a resending of the alarm signal by the transmission means 308th
  • the data transmission means 208 of the second fire alarm unit 200 (re) the alarm signal and forward it in step S 50 to their logic means 204, which process this in step S 51 as an acknowledgment and therefore do not trigger any further follow-up action.
  • a message to be transmitted reaches the transmitting unit 120.
  • messages are sent in predetermined transmission frames (also referred to below as "transmission windows"), these transmission frames being synchronized for all fire alarm units of the fire alarm system.
  • transmission windows also referred to below as "transmission windows”
  • the data transmission means 108 implement an (optional) so-called “Listen Before Talk (LBT)" method, in which the radio channel to be used is first intercepted in step X2 by the receiving unit 130 before being sent by the transmitting unit 120 becomes. If the channel is busy, it returns to step X1 and awaits the beginning of the next time window or transmission frame. However, if the channel is free, the message is sent in step X4.
  • LBT Listen Before Talk
  • the acknowledgment means (called "ACK") is expected by the logic means 104, the receipt of which is checked in step X5. If an acknowledgment of receipt is received according to step X6, the fire alarm unit 100 will assume that the message is successful has been sent, delete the message from its send buffer and will complete the process successfully. If no acknowledgment of receipt is received, the collision unit 140 must assume that the transmission was not received despite sending the message, which suggests a collision with another radio subscriber. The collision unit 140 informs the variation unit 142 about this collision case, which then sets transmission parameters for further (re-) transmission in steps X7 to X10.
  • step X7 the variation unit 142 reads out the next information field of the device-specific variation parameter 144, which information field may be, for example, the next bit of a binary coded device ID.
  • step X8 it is determined on the basis of predetermined rules how the information field should influence these settings.
  • the information field "only" is used to decide whether a variation occurs (step X9) or whether the previous transmission parameters are retained (step X10). For example, if a time variation is triggered by the varying means, a "1" in the next bit of the device ID may set an early send on the next (retransmission) by decreasing the above-described send delay time after the start time of a send window. To resend the message, return to step X1.
  • the variation unit 142 for determining the variation of the transmission parameters also incorporates further parameters such as transmission time or number of retransmissions.
  • the variation unit may in particular be provided with means for the synchronized selection of a radio transmission channel from a plurality of Radio transmission channels interact. In this way, it is possible, for example, in a simple manner to realize a channel rotation synchronized under the radio subscriber units, which counteracts permanent interference of a radio channel.
  • Fig. 5a shows an exemplary assignment of priority identifiers to fire alarm units 100 and 200 in a further embodiment.
  • the fire alarm unit 100 is assigned the priority 6, which corresponds to a binary bit code of 110
  • the fire alarm unit 200 is assigned the priority 7, which corresponds to a bit code of 111.
  • the fire alarm units 100 and 200 repeat in this embodiment, in contrast to the embodiment of Fig. 1 to 3 received alarm messages not.
  • Fig. 5b shows in a tree view the time variation of an exemplary time variation method in which, according to the next to-read bit of the priority identifier (in this example, starting from the most significant bit, English "most significant bit” or "MSB") a variation of the transmission time is set in the next transmission attempt.
  • the uppermost node represents the starting point and shows the variation of the transmission time from the default time (hereinafter also referred to as "standard end time”) determined by a known transmission window start point and a fixed standard end delay time, which in this case is 0, ie, the message will try to send to the default time or standard end time.
  • the first bit to be read (the leftmost bit or the MSB) is a 1, resulting in a variation of a time unit T ("-1" in the node ) for the next (the second) transmission attempt. If a collision is also detected for the second transmission attempt, the second one will increase according to the second transmission attempt reading bit (the second from left) again selects the left branch, resulting in a time variation of -2 time units T from the standard time for the third transmission attempt.
  • the right branch is now selected, since the third bit to be read (the leftmost bit or the least significant bit, or "LSB") is a 0, which is why for the fourth Transmission attempt continues a time variation of -2 time units T is given to the default time or standard end time.
  • the time variation is selected for the first to third transmission attempt identical to unit 100, since the two lowest bits match.
  • the left branch will be chosen since the third bit to be read is a 1. thus, for unit 200 for the fourth transmission attempt, a time variation of -3 time units T from the default time is chosen.
  • FIG. 5c A conflict between the fire alarm units 100 and 200 with the in Fig. 5a Priority tags shown are in Fig. 5c shown on a timeline.
  • the transmission windows start at the times F1 to F4.
  • the standard end delay time in this example is 4 time units T.
  • the two fire alarm units 100 and 200 want to transmit F1 in the same time window, they first send without variation to the standard end time or default time and thus collide. Both will attempt to retransmit the messages in the next time window F2 and (as described above) will both detect a time variation of -1 time units T. Since the variation is the same, they will also collide in this time window F2 and (as described above) both determine a time variation of -2 T for the third transmission attempt in the time window and therefore also collide again. However, for the fourth transmission attempt, the two fire detection units will detect a different time variation, so the fire detection unit 100 will maintain a time variation of -2T, but the fire detection unit 200 will select a time variation of -3T and thus send before the fire detection unit 100.
  • the fire detection unit 200 will recognize that the fire detection unit 100 is already transmitting and thus at the (actual transmission time) do not try again to send their message.
  • the message of the fire alarm unit 200 can thus be transmitted in the window F4 without collision.
  • the fire alarm unit 100 will also be able to successfully send its message.
  • Fig. 6a shows the topology of a second exemplary fire detection system with subscriber unit in the form of four fire alarm units 100, 200, 300 and 400 and a central unit 600 (here and hereinafter also referred to as "S 0 ", "S 42 “, “S 85 “, “S 127 “or” Z ").
  • the fire alarm units behave as in the previous embodiment, but they have different priority identifiers with eight binary digits, so the decision tree 5b must be continued analogously for the conflict (a 1 in the next priority bit means reduction of time variation by one unit time).
  • Subscriber units 100, 200, 300, 400, and 600 are within radio range of each other, i. they can receive and send radio signals from each of the other subscriber units 100, 200, 300, 400 and 600, respectively, to these radio signals.
  • the central unit is in this example a pure receiving unit, i. she does not send.
  • the fire alarm units 100, 200, 300 and 400 are the in Fig. 6b assigned priority IDs.
  • the fire alarm unit 200 is assigned the priority flag 42 (decimal) or 0010 1010 (binary).
  • TX here denotes a transmission attempt of the associated unit, wherein the superscript number represents the time variation in time units T at the beginning of the window (the standard variation is 8 time units T).
  • RX indicates the successful reception of an alarm signal by the central unit.
  • LBT stands for "Listen Before Talk” and indicates that a message should actually be sent in the window, but a transmission attempt was not made by the associated unit, because a transmission attempt by another unit was already detected before transmission, with a such list before-talk case of the respective Fire alarm unit is not evaluated as a collision case (that is also not advanced in the decision tree).
  • the alarm messages collide in the transmission window F1, which is why the fire alarm units for a decision tree analogous to Fig. 5b determine the time variation at the default time for the next send attempt in window F2. Since in all fire alarm units the highest priority bit (which is evaluated first or for the first transmission attempt) is a 0, they will according to the decision tree determine and use no variation from the default time.
  • the fire alarm units 100 and 200 have a 0 in the next priority bit to be read (the second from the left), so that they will not set any variation from the default time (8 T after the window start time) for the next transmission attempt.
  • the fire alarm units 300 and 400 each have a 1 in the next priority bit, so that they will set a time variation of -1 T at the default time (ie a total of 7 T after the window start time) for the next transmission attempt.
  • the fire alarm units 300 and 400 will attempt to send with a delay of 7T to the window start point, which will lead to a collision between them.
  • the fire alarm units 100 and 200 will recognize these transmission attempts at their transmission time (8T after window start point) and will not transmit themselves ("LBT" principle).
  • the fire alarm unit 300 Due to the collision between the fire alarm units 300 and 400, they will continue to adjust the time variation after the decision tree for their next attempt to send.
  • the fire alarm unit 300 has a 0 in the next priority bit to be read (the third from the left) and will thus remain at a time variation of -1T at the default time.
  • the fire alarm unit 400 has a 1 in the next priority bit and will thus set the time variation to -2T at the default time. Since the fire detection units 100 and 200 have not sent a signal, no collision has occurred for them, so they do not change their time variation.
  • the fire detection unit 400 will transmit with a delay of 6T to the window start point (or -2T at the default time).
  • the other fire alarm units will register the transmission and thus not send, so that the alarm message of the fire alarm unit 400 in window F4 can be successfully received by the central unit 600 (indicated by "RX").
  • the fire alarm units 100, 200 and 300 will now try to send again with their already determined time variations.
  • the fire alarm unit 300 here has a delay of 7T to the window start point and will thus send before the fire alarm units 100 and 200 (which have set a delay of 8T at the window time), so that they will detect the transmission attempt of the fire alarm unit 300 by the LBT principle and will not disturb this accordingly.
  • the fire alarm unit 300 will be able to successfully issue its alarm message to the central unit 600 (which is marked "RX" in the diagram).
  • the fire detection units 100 and 200 will continue to send with a delay of 8T at the default time and now collide, since they can not be protected by the simultaneous transmission by the LBT principle.
  • the fire alarm unit 200 will set a time variation of -1T at the default time for itself based on its next priority bit, whereas the fire detection unit 100 will remain at the standard end time based on its next priority bit, so that overall the fire detection unit 200 successfully transmits its alarm message in the transmission window F7.
  • the fire detection unit 100 transmits its alarm message unrivaled to the central processing unit 600.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
EP11193454.3A 2011-12-14 2011-12-14 Système d'alarme d'incendie et méthode pour l'utilisation d'un système d'alarme d'incendie Not-in-force EP2605229B1 (fr)

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EP11193454.3A EP2605229B1 (fr) 2011-12-14 2011-12-14 Système d'alarme d'incendie et méthode pour l'utilisation d'un système d'alarme d'incendie

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EP11193454.3A EP2605229B1 (fr) 2011-12-14 2011-12-14 Système d'alarme d'incendie et méthode pour l'utilisation d'un système d'alarme d'incendie

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EP2605229A1 true EP2605229A1 (fr) 2013-06-19
EP2605229B1 EP2605229B1 (fr) 2017-05-03

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2607914A (en) * 2021-06-15 2022-12-21 Pyronix Ltd Alarm system

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4335815A1 (de) * 1993-10-20 1995-04-27 Hirschmann Richard Gmbh Co Funkalarmanlage
US6624750B1 (en) * 1998-10-06 2003-09-23 Interlogix, Inc. Wireless home fire and security alarm system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4335815A1 (de) * 1993-10-20 1995-04-27 Hirschmann Richard Gmbh Co Funkalarmanlage
US6624750B1 (en) * 1998-10-06 2003-09-23 Interlogix, Inc. Wireless home fire and security alarm system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2607914A (en) * 2021-06-15 2022-12-21 Pyronix Ltd Alarm system

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