EP2604917B1 - Lighting with cooling system - Google Patents

Lighting with cooling system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2604917B1
EP2604917B1 EP11193312.3A EP11193312A EP2604917B1 EP 2604917 B1 EP2604917 B1 EP 2604917B1 EP 11193312 A EP11193312 A EP 11193312A EP 2604917 B1 EP2604917 B1 EP 2604917B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lighting
rotor
lighting means
air
drive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11193312.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2604917A1 (en
Inventor
Georg Schmidt
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Eesy ID GmbH
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Eesy ID GmbH
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Priority to EP11193312.3A priority Critical patent/EP2604917B1/en
Publication of EP2604917A1 publication Critical patent/EP2604917A1/en
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Publication of EP2604917B1 publication Critical patent/EP2604917B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/60—Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air
    • F21V29/67—Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air characterised by the arrangement of fans
    • F21V29/677—Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air characterised by the arrangement of fans the fans being used for discharging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
    • F21K9/23—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lighting means, in particular an LED-based lighting means, with a cooling.
  • LED light-emitting diodes
  • LED light-emitting diodes
  • the LEDs With LED-based bulbs, the LEDs (LED: light-emitting diodes) generate a high amount of waste heat, which is generated in a concentrated location. Usually, therefore, large heat sinks are used for cooling.
  • classic light bulbs have higher power losses and thus a lower efficiency than LED bulbs.
  • the power loss In light bulbs, the power loss is usually dissipated in the form of heat radiation.
  • LED bulbs a strong heat is generated, but which can not be radiated and therefore must be dissipated.
  • a problem of cooling are the dimensions of heat sinks, which greatly increase the dimensions of the bulbs and therefore prevent the use of LED bulbs as a retrofit technology. Thus, it is not possible to reuse existing lamp housing by means of retrofit technology improved technically.
  • LED cooling by means of synthetically generated airflow is described as a diaphragm pump which cyclically deflects a membrane, while at the same time the cavity has a small and large opening underneath the membrane and the air is slowly sucked in and jettisoned due to the different diameters
  • the air flows out of the large hole and passes through a surface that is thermally conductively connected to the LEDs, thereby continuously dissipating heat in the form of warm air from a relatively small heat sink become.
  • the cycle frequency of the membrane is about 30 to 200 pulses per second. The cooling is therefore not continuous.
  • the publication JP 2005 093097 A describes a lighting system with a base part, on whose main surface a plurality of heat sinks are mounted in a field-like manner, wherein an LED chip is mounted on each heat sink.
  • the present invention is based on the recognition that the operating principle of the asynchronous machine, i. a rotating around a stator rotor, which is driven by a rotating field and can be configured, for example, as a squirrel cage, can be used for the cooling of lamps.
  • the construction can be modified such that the stator is arranged inside, ie in the luminous body, and the rotor on the outside. Constructing a rotor with air blades, which are arranged so that the air flow generated by them is passed over the light source, so a cooling with high efficiency can be achieved.
  • the stator can also be arranged outside the luminous element.
  • rotor and stator can be adapted to conventional bulbs such that the filament forms the stator and a suitably dimensioned rotor rotates around the acting as a stator filament without significantly exceeding the dimensions of the bulb. Since an asynchronous machine works very quietly, even such a designed cooling of the bulb is almost noiseless. The noise can be further reduced by an irregular arrangement of the air blades. As a result, periodic noise can be avoided.
  • the invention relates to a luminous means, with a luminous element, wherein for cooling the luminous body at least one rotatable around the filament around air blade is provided, wherein the lamp comprises a drive with a rotor for driving the at least one air blade and the rotor as to the filament arranged around outer squirrel cage is formed.
  • the respective air scoop can be formed as a lamella.
  • the at least one air scoop fan-like generates an air flow, which acts on an outer surface of the lamp, whereby the lamp is cooled.
  • a continuous flow of air can be generated because, for example, suction, which occurs in membranes, is excluded.
  • a permanent cooling of the luminous element can be achieved.
  • the at least one air scoop outside the luminous body Due to the arrangement of the at least one air scoop outside the luminous body, it rotates faster with increasing distance from a longitudinal axis of the luminous body. This allows efficient cooling can be achieved.
  • the light source can thus be constructed inexpensively. It can only have a movable component that can be made of only one material, for example, only metal or only conductive plastic.
  • the heat dissipation is very high with small dimensions.
  • the movement of the air scoop is acoustically noticeable only by a noise and not by a periodic sound and is therefore perceived as less disturbing.
  • the light source has only small dimensions and allows use as a retrofit technology and thus access to the retrofit market.
  • the luminous element can be made of glass or plastic and be provided to house light-emitting elements such as LEDs or OLEDs or halogen elements.
  • the waste heat of the light-emitting elements is conducted via thermally conductive materials to the air flow.
  • the illuminant may be another illuminant that generates heat.
  • the luminous element may e.g. Glass or plastic body, which comprises a light-generating element, for example an LED or a halogen element.
  • the air blade is inclined with respect to a longitudinal axis of the luminous element in order to generate an air flow in the direction of the longitudinal axis. As a result, cooling of the filament in the longitudinal direction is achieved. If a plurality of air blades are arranged around the luminous element, these are also inclined in order to create a ventilator-like air flow along the longitudinal axis.
  • the drive can draw its energy from the same source that is used to operate the bulb, such as the power grid or a battery.
  • the rotor can be compact.
  • the air vane preferably rotates continuously, so that there are no periodic noise, as they may occur in the intake and discharge of air in valve diaphragms. There are also no continuously moving membranes necessary that could age prematurely. There is a continuous smooth movement which is designed very quiet. Furthermore, no periodic clicking noises occur, because only an air flow is heard, which conveys the auditory impression of a quasi-noise, but not that of a periodic sound. A non-uniform arrangement of a plurality of air blades around the lamp around also avoids annoying whistling.
  • the drive is designed such that a rotating electric field is generated for driving the rotor.
  • the drive can be arranged, for example, in the interior of the luminous element and the rotor outside the luminous element, for example as an external squirrel cage. In this way, the operating principle of an asynchronous machine for driving the rotor and thus the air scoop can be taken.
  • the drive is electro-magnetic according to this embodiment and thus operates quietly. In particular, there are no disturbing pumping sounds, as they are audible when using valves.
  • the drive comprises a plurality of coils which are sequentially excitable.
  • the drive may comprise a control electronics for sequential excitation of the coils. In this way, a rotating field is generated that can drive the rotor.
  • control electronics for energizing the coils can be accommodated in an optionally existing electronics, so that the light source can be produced inexpensively.
  • the drive is mounted inside the luminous body.
  • the structure can be made compact, since no cable must be led out of the lamp.
  • the size of the luminous means is reduced so that it can be used as a retrofit luminaire in existing housings.
  • the rotor is designed as a cage rotor, which rotates when activating the drive around the luminous body.
  • Squirrel-cage drives used, for example, in asynchronous machines have a long life, are low maintenance, and show no brush wear, as in squirrel-cage rotors. They are briefly overloaded, for example, up to more than twice the nominal torque, show a nearly constant speed, there is no "run-through" at idle, they can be used in potentially explosive atmospheres, since no brushes or slip rings are present, so that brush fire or sparking is avoided. The risk of inflammation of lampshades is avoided.
  • the squirrel cage is preferably de-energized and can also run in liquids, gases or in a vacuum. A start is also possible against high counter moments without aids.
  • the drive with squirrel-cage rotor is very sturdy and has a high speed capability, so it comes with a power converter with a high power output.
  • a squirrel-cage drive shows high field-loss efficiency.
  • the rotor is at least partially formed from an electrically conductive material, wherein the rotor is mounted on a plastic ring or on a ball bearing.
  • the bearing of the rotor on a plastic ring reduces disturbing noises.
  • the luminous means comprises a heat sink which is thermally coupled to the luminous body and the air scoop is designed to direct an air flow through the heat sink in order to cool the heat sink.
  • both the electronics and the LEDs can use the same cooling concept. Sounds are essentially created only by the air flow, not by the cyclic actuation. That is, the noise is rather noisy and not periodic. This is psychoacoustically perceived as less disturbing.
  • the heat sink and the rotor are mounted in successively arranged rings, in particular with the same radii, are mounted around the luminous body.
  • the term "equal” refers to a tolerance range of 0%, 1%, 2%, 5% or 10%.
  • the elements of the lamp such as the LEDs, heat sink, electronics and stator of the fan ring thus form a unit.
  • the fan is no longer a separate component. This reduces the manufacturing cost of the bulb.
  • a plurality of air blades rotatable about the luminous body are provided for cooling the luminous body, which are arranged unevenly around the luminous body.
  • the air blades can also be arranged uniformly around the luminous body.
  • the air vanes have different lengths and / or are arranged aperiodically around the luminous body.
  • the air blades and the rotor are formed in one piece.
  • the air blades and the rotor can be made so easy, for example in an injection molding process.
  • the air blades and the rotor can be manufactured inexpensively from metal or from a conductive plastic.
  • the luminous means comprises a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the filament.
  • the temperature measurement can be used to check whether the light source is working within the permissible temperature range and, if necessary, initiate defensive measures.
  • the luminous means comprises a rotational speed controller which is designed to set a rotational speed of the rotor as a function of the detected temperature.
  • the luminous means comprises an LED arranged in the luminous body or an LED field with at least one LED.
  • the luminous element can also be a halogen luminous body.
  • LED panels are constructed of LEDs that, depending on the data sheet, have a lifespan of up to 100,000 hours, which they can easily exceed if they are not connected incorrectly or unprotected. With rectifiers and current-constant buck converters, LEDs can be kept in optimum operating condition with low loss.
  • the luminous means is a retrofit luminous means.
  • the lamp may have a socket for receiving the filament, wherein the socket can be designed as E14 or E27 thread.
  • the LED-based bulbs 100 can be manufactured in a retrofit housing with classic E14 or E27 thread.
  • the high levels of waste heat generated by the LEDs, which are generated in a concentrated location, are efficiently dissipated to the environment.
  • the luminous means 100 does not need a large heat sink and thus does not exceed the usual dimensions for illuminants, e.g. the incandescent lamp or the saving bulb, thus enabling the retrofit technology.
  • the cooling of the luminous means according to the invention is efficient and very cost-effective.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a luminous means 100 of an embodiment according to the invention in a lateral sectional view.
  • the luminous means 100 comprises a luminous element 102 and an air blade 104 which can be rotated around the luminous element 102 and which is provided for cooling the luminous element 102.
  • the air vane 104 is in the Fig. 2 and 3 , which show front and rear sectional views of the luminous means 100, shown once again.
  • the luminous means 100 has a drive 118, which has means for generating a rotary electric field.
  • the means are a plurality of coils 108 and control electronics 110 for sequentially energizing the coils 108 to produce the rotating field.
  • a squirrel cage rotor 106 is mounted on the outside of the luminous means 100 similar to an asynchronous machine.
  • the difference to the classic asynchronous machine is that the stator is arranged inside the lamp 100, i.e., inside the lamp. is located in the lamp 102, and the rotor 106 is disposed outside, not vice versa as usual.
  • the rotor or rotor 106 of the apparatus for generating an air flow which may be a fan for generating a continuous current, for example, sits on the outside of the tube of the luminous means 100 and not inside.
  • the stator and the rotor 106 are therefore interchanged with respect to the structure of the asynchronous machine. There is only one moving part that sits on the outside of the light source 100 and not inside.
  • the drive 118 operates on the principle of the asynchronous machine, ie the drive 118 is effected by a rotating field. Seen electrically, the drive 118 corresponds to a transformer.
  • the stator winding is the primary side and the squirrel cage rotor is the secondary side.
  • the self-adjusting current depends on the speed.
  • the rotor of the drive rotates always slower than the rotating field on the coils 108 of the primary side. As long as the rotor 106 is at the beginning, there is a transformer with secondary side short circuit. This results in high currents and strong magnetic fields. In this starting range, the drive 118 has a poor efficiency and warms up a lot. As the rotor 106 rotates and adapts to the rotating rotating field, the currents become smaller.
  • the high starting currents are reduced by upstream starting resistors.
  • the speed at the operating point will always be a few percent below the associated synchronous speed. This difference is called slip and is load-dependent.
  • the number of slots of stator and rotor 106 is different or the grooves are arranged obliquely to the stator axis, ie to the main radiation direction of the luminous means 100 so as to prevent a resonance of the rotor 106.
  • the rotor 106 is realized as a squirrel-cage rotor with a winding of solid, highly conductive conductor bars (squirrel-cage), which are always short-circuited.
  • the laminated core of the rotor 106 can be provided with either grooves or holes which are then filled with aluminum.
  • the air blades 104 or fan blades are also cast as cooling fins. In operation, relatively high currents flow through the conductor bars and thus generate strong magnetic fields together with the iron sheets. However, the voltages are so low that no special isolation is necessary.
  • a special design of the cage rotor is the resistance rotor, in which the conductor bars of the shorting cage are made of a material with higher resistivity. This achieves higher slip and modified startup behavior.
  • the drive 118 includes control electronics 110.
  • the drive 118 may have a high inrush current. If the inrush current is not known, one can assume about eight times the rated current.
  • the drive 118 employs a star-delta circuit cranking process. As a result, the starting power is reduced to about one third. The starting torque is reduced in the same ratio. With this circuit, the drive 118 is switched by reversing the contactors after the ramp-up time with star-connected winding strands to delta operation.
  • the drive 118 has one or more frequency inverters in order to start up the drive 118 smoothly and adapted to the load with appropriate configuration or programming.
  • the drive 118 includes a squirrel cage.
  • the luminous means 100 comprises an LED array 114 arranged in the luminous element 102.
  • LEDs are components made of semiconductors.
  • the luminous means 100 comprises an LED chip, in which the energy of the electric current is converted into light energy with relatively little heat generation. In this case, a very narrow-band light is emitted.
  • a very narrow-band light is emitted.
  • LEDs with the colors red, yellow, green, orange can be used.
  • to realize white LEDs either the light of different color LEDs is superimposed or part of the light of blue LEDs is transformed into yellow light by means of a fluorescent phosphor which, mixed with the remaining blue component, gives white light.
  • each LED is provided with its own bundling optics, according to another embodiment, an overall appearance for the entire module is used.
  • a short connection between the ballast 110 and the LEDs 114 also has a favorable effect on the EMC behavior.
  • Switching regulators for LEDs are frequently used in ballasts which have a strong harmonic spectrum of the currents and voltages for supplying the LEDs. With a short line, the radiation of the interference spectra can be reduced.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the luminous means 100 in Vorderürtiger sectional view.
  • the heat loss of the LEDs 114 is delivered to the relatively small heat sink 112. This transfers the heat to radially mounted ribs. Through these ribs, an air flow 120 is guided, as in Fig. 1 illustrated in more detail, which is generated by the air blades 104 in the squirrel cage.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the luminous means 100 in rear sectional view.
  • power transistors such as are used in the ballast 110, which can form electronics, are thermally contacted with the same heat sink 112 in order to dissipate the heat. Through the heat sink 112, the plate can be easily contacted with the LED array 114. There are no moving parts between electronics 110 and LEDs 114.
  • the generation of a rotating field by sequential driving of the stator coils 108 takes place very cost-effectively by a capacitor for phase shifting.
  • the generation of the rotating field by sequential control of the stator coils 108 is very cost-effective by a simple integrated circuit.
  • the outer squirrel cage is made entirely of metal, so that it can be produced easily and inexpensively.
  • the outer squirrel cage is mounted on a plastic ring 128, which is a very cost effective solution.
  • a bearing of theticianrithplifigtechnikrs on a ball bearing is not required because no large forces are transmitted. This also reduces potential noises.
  • the heat sink 112 and the rotor 106 are mounted in successively arranged rings with substantially equal radii around the luminous element 102.
  • the diameter of the luminous means 100 does not exceed the diameter of a conventional illuminant with heat sink, but the diameter is even smaller, since due to the cooling by the rotor 106, the heat sink 112 may be smaller, so that reduces its diameter.
  • the diameter 124 of the luminous means 100 which is determined by the outermost parts, ie the rotor 106 and the heat sink 112, is not larger than the diameter of a standard bulb, so that the light emitting means 100 due to its small footprint for the Retrofit use is suitable and can replace conventional light bulbs or LED lighting.
  • the air blades are not arranged periodically.
  • the luminous element 102 has a multiplicity of air blades 104 which can be rotated around the luminous element 102 and which are arranged unevenly around the luminous element 102.
  • the air blades 104 have different lengths and / or are arranged aperiodisch around the filament 102 around.
  • the air blades 104 and the rotor 106 are formed in one piece, for example manufactured as an injection molded part.
  • the rotational speed of the rotor 106 is dynamically adjusted according to the current temperature.
  • the luminous means 100 has a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the luminous element 102, as well as a rotational speed controller which adjusts a rotational speed of the rotor 106 as a function of the detected temperature.
  • the luminous element 102 is enclosed by a socket 116, which has the purpose of holding the luminous element 102.
  • the socket 116 is an E14 socket or an E27 socket.
  • the mechanical support of bulbs such as incandescent or the filament 102 is referred to, which also produces the electrical contact.
  • the socket 116 has a contact 126, which is attached to the underside of the socket 116. Another contact can be realized on the socket itself, for example via a thread.
  • the filament 102 are interchangeable without tools.
  • the luminous means 100 has a socket-free filament with free wire ends. These are either connected directly by soldering or terminals or made pluggable again by an additional element such as fairy lights.
  • an Edison thread is used as the base 116.
  • the dimensions of the Edison thread are standardized according to DIN 40400 and also in IEC 60238: 1998.
  • Common Edison threads according to DIN 40400 are for example E14, common for candle lamps up to 60 watts and for incandescent and energy-saving lamps up to 40 watts for example, 230 V and E27 as the most common version for 230 V incandescent and energy-saving lamps.
  • E14 has an outside diameter of 14 mm, a core hole diameter of 12.5 mm and a pitch of 2.82 mm.
  • E27 has an outer diameter of 27 mm, a core hole diameter of 24.5 mm and a pitch of 3.62 mm.
  • Other alternatives for the socket 116 are the types E5.5, E10, E11, E12, E16, E18, E33 and E40.
  • the luminous means 100 has an electronic ballast 110.
  • the ballast 110 is the device required for current limiting in gas discharge lamps and fluorescent lamps. It can be installed as a separate component in the luminaire or also be integrated in the luminous means 100, such as in the so-called energy-saving lamps. In this case, the lamp 100 can be operated directly on the mains. Ballasts 110 may also include the ignition and starting equipment required in some lamps. In this case, pulses of a few hundred volts to several kV and / or a preheating of the cathode can be effected in fluorescent lamps. Conventional ballasts (KGV) consist of an inductor or inductor, an iron core usually wound with copper wire.
  • VVG low-loss ballasts
  • ballasts for fluorescent tubes and cold cathode tubes are stray field transformers and combine the transformation of the mains voltage into a high voltage, ie a few kilovolts, as well as their current limitation. They often have an adjustment for the current in the form of a mechanically variable magnetic shunt.
  • ECG electronic ballasts
  • the glow cathodes of the fluorescent tube are first preheated for a period of about 0.5-2 seconds and then ignited first.
  • Starting and ignition operations of electronic ballasts are, in contrast to conventional ballasts (CCGs), flicker-free with a conventional starter.
  • the boot process is therefore noticeably faster than with KVG.
  • the luminous means 100 is a compact fluorescent illuminant with an integrated electronic ballast 110 for 230 V AC.
  • This compact fluorescent lamp like incandescent lamps, has an E14 or E27 Edison screw base.
  • bayonet bases i. Socket of type B15d and B22d, common.
  • the socket 116 is a bayonet socket, in particular of the type B15d or B22d.
  • the luminous means 100 has a plug-in socket or a socket.
  • Plug-in sockets for compact fluorescent lamps with starter integrated in the bulb have two pins. Between the two contacts on the socket or on the socket is an elongated, block-shaped block made of plastic, the starter, i. a glow starter with suppression capacitor contains.
  • the luminaire into which this bulb is inserted requires a conventional ballast for operation, including a 50 Hz choke coil.
  • the starter is integrated into the light source and is exchanged with each change.
  • Sockets for compact fluorescent lamps without integrated starter have four pins. This version does not contain a starter, only the phosphor itself. All four heating wire or cathode connections are led out. It is structurally equivalent to large tubular fluorescent lamps.
  • the base is relatively short and therefore compact.
  • the lamps suitable for these lamps can be equipped with either electronic or conventional ballasts.
  • the luminous means 100 has a tube socket.
  • the tube diameter of fluorescent lamps is standardized.
  • T5 tube has a diameter of 5/8 inches, which is about 16 mm.
  • the pin spacings of the pedestals at both ends of the straight types are also standardized.
  • T8 tubes fit into the sockets of older T12 tubes and can replace them.
  • the luminous means 100 has a tube socket.
  • the bayonet base is also referred to as Swansocket or Swan forced. It consists of a smooth metal cylinder with two stripped elevations. To attach, it is first inserted and then fixed by rotation. For this purpose, a bayonet closure may be provided.
  • the luminous means 100 has a pin base or a bipin foot base.
  • Bipin-foot standardization is standard on lamp sockets for halogen lamps and is part of IEC standardization. In smaller versions, where the pins are closer together, one speaks of mini-bipin.
  • the lamp base here has two grooves in which a spring mounted on the front side can engage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Leuchtmittel, insbesondere ein LED-basiertes Leuchtmittel, mit einer Kühlung.The present invention relates to a lighting means, in particular an LED-based lighting means, with a cooling.

Bei LED-basierten Leuchtmitteln erzeugen die LEDs (LED: Licht emittierende Dioden) eine hohe Abwärme, die an einem konzentrierten Ort entsteht. Üblicherweise werden zur Kühlung daher große Kühlkörper verwendet. Klassische Glühbirnen haben jedoch höhere Verlustleistungen und damit einen schlechteren Wirkungsgrad als LED Lampen. Bei Glühbirnen wird die Verlustleistung üblicherweise in Form von Wärmestrahlung abgeführt. Bei LED-Leuchtmitteln wird eine starke Wärme erzeugt, die aber nicht abgestrahlt werden kann und daher abgeführt werden muss.With LED-based bulbs, the LEDs (LED: light-emitting diodes) generate a high amount of waste heat, which is generated in a concentrated location. Usually, therefore, large heat sinks are used for cooling. However, classic light bulbs have higher power losses and thus a lower efficiency than LED bulbs. In light bulbs, the power loss is usually dissipated in the form of heat radiation. In LED bulbs, a strong heat is generated, but which can not be radiated and therefore must be dissipated.

Ein Problem der Kühlung sind die Abmessungen von Kühlkörpern, welche die Abmessungen der Leuchtmittel stark vergrößern und daher den Einsatz von LED-Leuchtmitteln als Retrofit-Technologie verhindern. Damit ist es nicht möglich, bisherige Lampengehäuse mittels Retrofit-Technologie technisch verbessert wiederzuverwenden.A problem of cooling are the dimensions of heat sinks, which greatly increase the dimensions of the bulbs and therefore prevent the use of LED bulbs as a retrofit technology. Thus, it is not possible to reuse existing lamp housing by means of retrofit technology improved technically.

In der Druckschrift " RYAN AHEARN, Active cooling can boost lumen output in LED lighting, thermal ACTIVE COOLING, LEDs Magazine, PennWell Corporation, June 2011 " ist eine LED-Kühlung mittels synthetisch erzeugtem Luftstrom beschrieben. Hierbei wird ähnlich einer Membranpumpe eine Membran zyklisch ausgelenkt. Gleichzeitig verfügt die Kavität unter der Membran über eine kleine und eine große Öffnung. Die Luft wird langsam eingesaugt und ruckartig ausgestoßen. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Durchmesser der Öffnungen und dem damit unterschiedlichen Strömungswiderstand strömt die Luft vorzugsweise aus dem großen Loch heraus. Diese strömende Luft wird über eine Fläche geleitet, die thermisch leitend mit den LEDs verbunden ist. Damit kann kontinuierlich Wärme in Form von warmer Luft von einem verhältnismäßig kleinen Kühlkörper abgeführt werden.In the publication " RYAN AHEARN, Active cooling can boost lumen output in LED lighting, Thermal ACTIVE COOLING, LEDs Magazine, PennWell Corporation, June 2011 "LED cooling by means of synthetically generated airflow is described as a diaphragm pump which cyclically deflects a membrane, while at the same time the cavity has a small and large opening underneath the membrane and the air is slowly sucked in and jettisoned due to the different diameters Preferably, the air flows out of the large hole and passes through a surface that is thermally conductively connected to the LEDs, thereby continuously dissipating heat in the form of warm air from a relatively small heat sink become.

Die Zyklusfrequenz der Membran beträgt ca. 30 bis 200 Pulse pro Sekunde. Die Kühlung ist daher nicht kontinuierlich.The cycle frequency of the membrane is about 30 to 200 pulses per second. The cooling is therefore not continuous.

Aufgrund des Membranprinzips können jedoch zudem keine großen Luftmengen bewegt werden. Auch wird beim langsamen Ansaugen immer unerwünscht auch warme Luft wieder angesaugt. Für das Ansaugen wird auch mehr Zeit als für das Ausstoßen benötigt, was ebenfalls nachteilig ist. Die Menge an Wärme, die pro Zeiteinheit abgeführt werden kann, ist daher beschränkt. Auch sitzt die Membran zwischen den LEDs und dem Vorschaltmodul, was die Integration und Fertigbarkeit behindern kann. Zudem entstehen durch die zyklische Aktuation der Membran auditiv wahrnehmbare Störgeräusche im Bereich von 30 bis 200 Hz, die problematisch für die Akzeptanz durch die Konsumenten sein können. Solche Störgeräusche sind z.B. bekannt von den Vorschaltgeräten der Leuchtstoffröhren. Diese brummen oft mit 100 Hz, d.h. der zweifachen Netzfrequenz von 50 Hz.Due to the membrane principle, however, no large amounts of air can be moved. Also, warm air is always sucked in the slow intake again undesirable. For the suction is also more time than needed for the ejection, which is also disadvantageous. The amount of heat that can be dissipated per unit time is therefore limited. Also, the membrane sits between the LEDs and the ballast module, which can hinder integration and manufacturability. In addition, caused by the cyclical Actuation of the diaphragm audible perceptible noise in the range of 30 to 200 Hz, which can be problematic for consumer acceptance. Such noise is known, for example from the ballasts of the fluorescent tubes. These often hum with 100 Hz, ie the double mains frequency of 50 Hz.

Die Druckschrift JP 2005 093097 A beschreibt ein Leuchtsystem mit einem Basisteil, auf dessen Hauptoberfläche eine Mehrzahl von Kühlkörpern feldartig angebracht sind, wobei auf jedem Kühlkörper ein LED-Chip angebracht ist.The publication JP 2005 093097 A describes a lighting system with a base part, on whose main surface a plurality of heat sinks are mounted in a field-like manner, wherein an LED chip is mounted on each heat sink.

Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein effizientes Konzept zur Kühlung von Leuchtmitteln zu schaffen.It is the object of the present invention to provide an efficient concept for cooling bulbs.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is solved by the features of the independent claim. Advantageous forms of further education are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die vorliegende Erfindung basiert auf der Erkenntnis, dass das Wirkprinzip der Asynchronmaschine, d.h. ein um einen Stator umlaufenden Rotor, der durch ein Drehfeld angetrieben wird und beispielsweise als Käfigläufer ausgestaltet sein kann, für die Kühlung von Leuchtmitteln Anwendung finden kann. Dazu kann die Konstruktion derart abgewandelt werden, dass der Stator innen, also im Leuchtkörper, und der Rotor außen angeordnet ist. Konstruiert man einen Rotor mit Luftschaufeln, die derart angeordnet sind, dass der durch sie erzeugte Luftstrom über das Leuchtmittel geführt wird, so kann eine Kühlung mit hohem Wirkungsgrad erreicht werden. Der Stator kann aber auch außerhalb des Leuchtkörpers angeordnet sein.The present invention is based on the recognition that the operating principle of the asynchronous machine, i. a rotating around a stator rotor, which is driven by a rotating field and can be configured, for example, as a squirrel cage, can be used for the cooling of lamps. For this purpose, the construction can be modified such that the stator is arranged inside, ie in the luminous body, and the rotor on the outside. Constructing a rotor with air blades, which are arranged so that the air flow generated by them is passed over the light source, so a cooling with high efficiency can be achieved. The stator can also be arranged outside the luminous element.

Die Konstruktion von Läufer und Stator kann an übliche Leuchtmittel derart angepasst werden, dass der Leuchtkörper den Stator bildet und ein geeignet dimensionierter Rotor um den als Stator wirkenden Leuchtkörper umläuft, ohne die Dimensionen des Leuchtmittels signifikant zu überschreiten. Da eine Asynchronmaschine sehr geräuscharm arbeitet, ist auch eine derart konstruierte Kühlung des Leuchtmittels nahezu geräuschlos. Die Geräuschentwicklung kann weiter durch eine unregelmäßige Anordnung der Luftschaufeln reduziert werden. Hierdurch werden periodische Störgeräusche vermieden.The construction of rotor and stator can be adapted to conventional bulbs such that the filament forms the stator and a suitably dimensioned rotor rotates around the acting as a stator filament without significantly exceeding the dimensions of the bulb. Since an asynchronous machine works very quietly, even such a designed cooling of the bulb is almost noiseless. The noise can be further reduced by an irregular arrangement of the air blades. As a result, periodic noise can be avoided.

Gemäß einem Aspekt betrifft die Erfindung ein Leuchtmittel, mit einem Leuchtkörper, wobei zur Kühlung des Leuchtkörpers zumindest eine um den Leuchtkörper herum rotierbare Luftschaufel vorgesehen ist, bei dem das Leuchtmittel einen Antrieb mit einem Rotor zum Antreiben der zumindest einen Luftschaufel umfasst und der Rotor als um den Leuchtkörper herum angeordneter Außenkäfigläufer ausgebildet ist. Die jeweilige Luftschaufel kann als eine Lamelle gebildet sein.According to one aspect, the invention relates to a luminous means, with a luminous element, wherein for cooling the luminous body at least one rotatable around the filament around air blade is provided, wherein the lamp comprises a drive with a rotor for driving the at least one air blade and the rotor as to the filament arranged around outer squirrel cage is formed. The respective air scoop can be formed as a lamella.

Die zumindest eine Luftschaufel erzeugt ventilatorartig einen Luftstrom, welcher eine Außenoberfläche des Leuchtmittels beaufschlagt, wodurch das Leuchtmittel gekühlt wird. Dadurch kann ein kontinuierlicher Luftstrom erzeugt werden, weil beispielsweise ein Ansaugen, das bei Membranen vorkommt, ausgeschlossen ist. Dadurch kann eine permanente Kühlung des Leuchtkörpers erreicht werden.The at least one air scoop fan-like generates an air flow, which acts on an outer surface of the lamp, whereby the lamp is cooled. As a result, a continuous flow of air can be generated because, for example, suction, which occurs in membranes, is excluded. As a result, a permanent cooling of the luminous element can be achieved.

Aufgrund der Anordnung der zumindest einen Luftschaufel außerhalb des Leuchtkörpers rotiert diese schneller mit zunehmendem Abstand von einer Längsachse des Leuchtkörpers. Dadurch kann eine effiziente Kühlung erreicht werden.Due to the arrangement of the at least one air scoop outside the luminous body, it rotates faster with increasing distance from a longitudinal axis of the luminous body. This allows efficient cooling can be achieved.

Das Leuchtmittel lässt sich damit kostengünstig aufbauen. Es kann nur ein bewegliches Bauteil aufweisen, das aus nur einem Werkstoff gefertigt werden kann, beispielsweise nur aus Metall oder nur aus leitendem Kunststoff. Die Wärmeabfuhr ist bei geringen Abmessungen sehr hoch. Die Bewegung der Luftschaufel macht sich akustisch nur durch ein Rauschen und nicht durch einen periodischen Ton bemerkbar und wird daher als weniger störend empfunden. Das Leuchtmittel weist nur geringe Abmessungen auf und ermöglicht den Einsatz als Retrofit-Technologie und damit den Zugang zum Retrofit Markt.The light source can thus be constructed inexpensively. It can only have a movable component that can be made of only one material, for example, only metal or only conductive plastic. The heat dissipation is very high with small dimensions. The movement of the air scoop is acoustically noticeable only by a noise and not by a periodic sound and is therefore perceived as less disturbing. The light source has only small dimensions and allows use as a retrofit technology and thus access to the retrofit market.

Der Leuchtkörper kann aus Glas- oder Kunststoff aufgebaut und vorgesehen sein, Lichtemittierende Elemente wie etwa LEDs oder OLEDs oder Halogenelemente zu behausen. Die Abwärme der Licht-emittierenden Elemente wird über thermisch leitfähige Werkstoffe zum Luftstrom geführt. Das Leuchtmittel kann jedoch ein anderes Leuchtmittel sein, dass Wärme erzeugt.The luminous element can be made of glass or plastic and be provided to house light-emitting elements such as LEDs or OLEDs or halogen elements. The waste heat of the light-emitting elements is conducted via thermally conductive materials to the air flow. However, the illuminant may be another illuminant that generates heat.

Der Leuchtkörper kann z.B. Glass- oder Kunststoffkörper sein, welcher ein Licht erzeugendes Element, beispielsweise eine LED oder ein Halogenelement, umfasst.The luminous element may e.g. Glass or plastic body, which comprises a light-generating element, for example an LED or a halogen element.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist die Luftschaufel bezüglich einer Längsachse des Leuchtkörpers schräg gestellt ist, um einen Luftstrom in Richtung der Längsachse zu erzeugen. Dadurch wird eine Kühlung des Leuchtkörpers in Längsrichtung erreicht. Sind mehrere Luftschaufel um den Leuchtkörper herum angeordnet, so sind diese ebenfalls schräggestellt, um ventilatorartig einen Luftstrom entlang der Längsachse zu erzeugen.According to one embodiment, the air blade is inclined with respect to a longitudinal axis of the luminous element in order to generate an air flow in the direction of the longitudinal axis. As a result, cooling of the filament in the longitudinal direction is achieved. If a plurality of air blades are arranged around the luminous element, these are also inclined in order to create a ventilator-like air flow along the longitudinal axis.

Der Antrieb kann seine Energie aus der gleichen Quelle beziehen, die zum Betreiben des Leuchtmittels genutzt wird, beispielsweise dem Stromnetz oder einer Batterie.The drive can draw its energy from the same source that is used to operate the bulb, such as the power grid or a battery.

Der Rotor kann kompakt aufgebaut sein. Die Luftschaufel dreht sich bevorzugt kontinuierlich, so dass es zu keinen periodischen Störgeräuschen kommt, wie sie beim Ansaugen und Ausstoßen von Luft bei Ventilmembranen auftreten können. Es sind ferner keine kontinuierlich zu bewegenden Membranen notwendig, die vorzeitig altem könnten. Es erfolgt eine kontinuierliche gleichmäßige Bewegung die sehr geräuscharm gestaltet ist. Ferner treten keine periodischen Knackgeräusche auf, denn es ist nur eine Luftströmung zu hören, die den Höreindruck eines Quasi-Rauschens vermittelt, jedoch nicht den eines periodischen Tons. Eine ungleichmäßige Anordnung einer Mehrzahl von Luftschaufeln um den Leuchtkörper herum vermeidet zudem störende Pfeifgeräusche.The rotor can be compact. The air vane preferably rotates continuously, so that there are no periodic noise, as they may occur in the intake and discharge of air in valve diaphragms. There are also no continuously moving membranes necessary that could age prematurely. There is a continuous smooth movement which is designed very quiet. Furthermore, no periodic clicking noises occur, because only an air flow is heard, which conveys the auditory impression of a quasi-noise, but not that of a periodic sound. A non-uniform arrangement of a plurality of air blades around the lamp around also avoids annoying whistling.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist der Antrieb so ausgebildet, dass ein elektrisches Drehfeld zum Antreiben des Rotors erzeugt wird. Somit können der Antrieb beispielsweise im Inneren des Leuchtkörpers und der Rotor außerhalb des Leuchtkörpers, beispielsweise als Außenkäfigläufer, angeordnet werden. Auf diese Weise kann das Wirkprinzip einer Asynchronmaschine zum Antreiben des Rotors und damit der Luftschaufel übernommen werden.According to one embodiment, the drive is designed such that a rotating electric field is generated for driving the rotor. Thus, the drive can be arranged, for example, in the interior of the luminous element and the rotor outside the luminous element, for example as an external squirrel cage. In this way, the operating principle of an asynchronous machine for driving the rotor and thus the air scoop can be taken.

Der Antrieb ist gemäß dieser Ausführungsform elektro-magnetisch und arbeitet dadurch geräuscharm. Es entstehen insbesondere keine störenden Pumpgeräusche, wie sie beim Einsatz von Ventilen hörbar sind.The drive is electro-magnetic according to this embodiment and thus operates quietly. In particular, there are no disturbing pumping sounds, as they are audible when using valves.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst der Antrieb eine Mehrzahl von Spulen, welche sequenziell erregbar sind. Hierzu kann der Antrieb eine Steuerungselektronik zur sequentiellen Erregung der Spulen umfassen. Auf diese Weise wird ein umlaufendes Feld erzeugt, dass den Rotor antreiben kann.According to one embodiment, the drive comprises a plurality of coils which are sequentially excitable. For this purpose, the drive may comprise a control electronics for sequential excitation of the coils. In this way, a rotating field is generated that can drive the rotor.

Die Steuerungselektronik zur Erregung der Spulen kann in einer gegebenenfalls bereits vorhandenen Elektronik untergebracht werden, so dass das Leuchtmittel kostengünstig herstellbar ist.The control electronics for energizing the coils can be accommodated in an optionally existing electronics, so that the light source can be produced inexpensively.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist der Antrieb innerhalb des Leuchtkörpers angebracht.According to one embodiment, the drive is mounted inside the luminous body.

Damit kann der Aufbau kompakt ausgeführt sein, da keine Kabel aus dem Leuchtkörper herausgeführt werden müssen. Die Größe des Leuchtmittels reduziert sich dadurch, so dass es als Retrofit-Leuchtmittel in existierenden Gehäusen verwendbar ist.Thus, the structure can be made compact, since no cable must be led out of the lamp. As a result, the size of the luminous means is reduced so that it can be used as a retrofit luminaire in existing housings.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist der Rotor als Käfigläufer ausgebildet, der sich beim Aktivieren des Antriebs um den Leuchtkörper herum dreht.According to one embodiment, the rotor is designed as a cage rotor, which rotates when activating the drive around the luminous body.

Antriebe mit Käfigläufern, die beispielsweise beim Einsatz in Asynchronmaschinen verwendet werden, haben eine lange Lebensdauer, sind wartungsarm, und zeigen keinen Bürstenverschleiß wie beim Kurzschlussläufer. Sie sind kurzzeitig stark überlastbar, beispielsweise bis über das zweifache Nennmoment hinaus, zeigen eine nahezu konstante Drehzahl, es kommt zu keinem "Durchgehen" im Leerlauf, sie sind einsetzbar in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen, da keine Bürsten oder Schleifringe vorhanden sind, so dass Bürstenfeuer oder Funkenbildung vermieden wird. Das Risiko einer Entzündung von Lampenschirmen wird vermieden.Squirrel-cage drives used, for example, in asynchronous machines, have a long life, are low maintenance, and show no brush wear, as in squirrel-cage rotors. They are briefly overloaded, for example, up to more than twice the nominal torque, show a nearly constant speed, there is no "run-through" at idle, they can be used in potentially explosive atmospheres, since no brushes or slip rings are present, so that brush fire or sparking is avoided. The risk of inflammation of lampshades is avoided.

Ferner ist ein selbstständiger Anlauf möglich und die Herstellungskosten sind vergleichsweise gering. Der Käfigläufer ist bevorzugt spannungslos und kann auch in Flüssigkeiten, Gasen oder im Vakuum laufen. Ein Anlauf ist auch gegen hohe Gegenmomente ohne Hilfsmittel möglich. Der Antrieb mit Käfigläufer ist sehr robust ausgeführt und weist eine hohe Drehzahltauglichkeit auf, daher kommt es bei einem Betrieb mit einem Spannungsumformer zu hoher Leistungsausbeute. Außerdem zeigt ein Antrieb mit Käfigläufer einen hohen Wirkungsgrad im Feldschwachbereich.Furthermore, an independent start-up is possible and the production costs are comparatively low. The squirrel cage is preferably de-energized and can also run in liquids, gases or in a vacuum. A start is also possible against high counter moments without aids. The drive with squirrel-cage rotor is very sturdy and has a high speed capability, so it comes with a power converter with a high power output. In addition, a squirrel-cage drive shows high field-loss efficiency.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist der Rotor zumindest teilweise aus einem elektrisch leitenden Material gebildet, wobei der Rotor auf einem Kunststoffring oder auf einem Kugellager gelagert ist.According to one embodiment, the rotor is at least partially formed from an electrically conductive material, wherein the rotor is mounted on a plastic ring or on a ball bearing.

Die Lagerung des Rotors auf einem Kunststoffring reduziert störende Geräusche.The bearing of the rotor on a plastic ring reduces disturbing noises.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst das Leuchtmittel einen thermisch mit dem Leuchtkörper gekoppelten Kühlkörper und die Luftschaufel ist dazu ausgelegt, einen Luftstrom durch den Kühlkörper zu leiten, um den Kühlkörper zu kühlen.According to one embodiment, the luminous means comprises a heat sink which is thermally coupled to the luminous body and the air scoop is designed to direct an air flow through the heat sink in order to cool the heat sink.

Damit können sowohl die Elektronik als auch die LEDs dasselbe Entwärmungskonzept nutzen. Geräusche entstehen im Wesentlichen nur durch den Luftstrom, nicht durch die zyklische Aktuierung. Das heißt, das Geräusch ist eher rauschartig und nicht periodisch. Dies wird psychoakustisch als weniger störend wahrgenommen.Thus both the electronics and the LEDs can use the same cooling concept. Sounds are essentially created only by the air flow, not by the cyclic actuation. That is, the noise is rather noisy and not periodic. This is psychoacoustically perceived as less disturbing.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform sind der Kühlkörper und der Rotor in hintereinander angeordneten Ringen angebracht, insbesondere mit gleichen Radien, um den Leuchtkörper herum angebracht sind. Der Begriff "gleich" bezieht sich auf einen Toleranzbereich von 0%, 1%, 2%, 5% oder 10%.According to one embodiment, the heat sink and the rotor are mounted in successively arranged rings, in particular with the same radii, are mounted around the luminous body. The term "equal" refers to a tolerance range of 0%, 1%, 2%, 5% or 10%.

Beim Zusammenbau des Leuchtmittels können die Elemente des Leuchtmittels wie die LEDs, Kühlkörper, Elektronik und Stator des Lüfterrings somit eine Einheit bilden. Der Lüfter ist nicht mehr eine separate Komponente. Dies verringert die Herstellungskosten des Leuchtmittels.When assembling the lamp, the elements of the lamp such as the LEDs, heat sink, electronics and stator of the fan ring thus form a unit. The fan is no longer a separate component. This reduces the manufacturing cost of the bulb.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist zur Kühlung des Leuchtkörpers eine Vielzahl von um den Leuchtkörper herum rotierbaren Luftschaufeln vorgesehen, die ungleichmäßig um den Leuchtkörper herum angeordnet sind. Die Luftschaufeln können jedoch auch gleichmäßig um den Leuchtkörper herum angeordnet sein.According to one embodiment, a plurality of air blades rotatable about the luminous body are provided for cooling the luminous body, which are arranged unevenly around the luminous body. However, the air blades can also be arranged uniformly around the luminous body.

Bei einer Vielzahl von Luftschaufeln verstärkt sich der Kühleffekt und der Wirkungsgrad erhöht sich. Außerdem entsteht bei ungleichmäßiger Anordnung um den Leuchtkörper herum kein periodischer Ton, der als besonders störend empfunden wird. Die Kühlung wird dadurch besonders leise.With a large number of air blades, the cooling effect increases and the efficiency increases. In addition, arises in uneven arrangement around the filament around no periodic tone, which is perceived as particularly disturbing. The cooling is therefore particularly quiet.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform weisen die Luftschaufeln unterschiedliche Längen auf und/oder sind aperiodisch um den Leuchtkörper herum angeordnet.According to one embodiment, the air vanes have different lengths and / or are arranged aperiodically around the luminous body.

Dies ist besonders vorteilhaft für die Geräuschwahrnehmung, da sich bei aperiodischer Anordnung kein sinusartiger Ton einstellt, der besonders störend wahrnehmbar ist, sondern gegebenenfalls nur ein schlecht wahrnehmbares diffuses Rauschen.This is particularly advantageous for the perception of noise, since no a sinusoidal tone sets in aperiodischer arrangement, which is particularly disturbing perceptible, but possibly only a poorly perceptible diffuse noise.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform sind die Luftschaufeln und der Rotor aus einem Stück gebildet.According to one embodiment, the air blades and the rotor are formed in one piece.

Die Luftschaufeln und der Rotor können so einfach gefertigt werden, beispielsweise in einem Spritzgussverfahren. Die Luftschaufeln und der Rotor können aus Metall oder aus einem leitenden Kunststoff kostengünstig hergestellt werden.The air blades and the rotor can be made so easy, for example in an injection molding process. The air blades and the rotor can be manufactured inexpensively from metal or from a conductive plastic.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst das Leuchtmittel einen Temperatursensor zur Erfassung einer Temperatur des Leuchtkörpers.According to one embodiment, the luminous means comprises a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the filament.

Mit der Temperaturmessung kann geprüft werden, ob das Leuchtmittel im zulässigen Temperaturbereich arbeitet und notfalls Abwehrmaßnahmen eingeleitet werden.The temperature measurement can be used to check whether the light source is working within the permissible temperature range and, if necessary, initiate defensive measures.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst das Leuchtmittel eine Drehzahlsteuerung, die ausgelegt ist, eine Drehzahl des Rotors abhängig von der erfassten Temperatur einzustellen.According to one embodiment, the luminous means comprises a rotational speed controller which is designed to set a rotational speed of the rotor as a function of the detected temperature.

Damit kann die Kühlung dann sehr energiearm, da angepasst an die Temperatur, arbeiten.This allows the cooling then very low energy, since adapted to the temperature, work.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst das Leuchtmittel eine in dem Leuchtkörper angeordnete LED beziehungsweise ein LED-Feld mit zumindest einer LED. Der Leuchtkörper kann jedoch auch ein Halogenleuchtkörper sein.According to one embodiment, the luminous means comprises an LED arranged in the luminous body or an LED field with at least one LED. However, the luminous element can also be a halogen luminous body.

LED-Felder sind aus LEDs aufgebaut, die je nach Datenblatt eine Lebensdauer von bis zu 100.000 Stunden haben, die sie problemlos überschreiten können, wenn sie nicht falsch oder ungeschützt beschaltet werden. Mit Gleichrichtern und stromkonstanten Abwärtswandlern können LEDs verlustarm im optimalen Betriebszustand gehalten werden.LED panels are constructed of LEDs that, depending on the data sheet, have a lifespan of up to 100,000 hours, which they can easily exceed if they are not connected incorrectly or unprotected. With rectifiers and current-constant buck converters, LEDs can be kept in optimum operating condition with low loss.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist das Leuchtmittel ein Retrofit-Leuchtmittel. Das Leuchtmittel kann eine Fassung zur Aufnahme des Leuchtkörpers aufweisen, wobei die Fassung als E14 oder E27 Gewinde ausgeführt sein kann.According to one embodiment, the luminous means is a retrofit luminous means. The lamp may have a socket for receiving the filament, wherein the socket can be designed as E14 or E27 thread.

Das LED-basierte Leuchtmittel 100 kann in einem Retrofit Gehäuse mit klassischem E14 oder E27 Gewinde hergestellt werden. Die von den LEDs erzeugte hohe Abwärme, die an einem konzentrierten Ort entsteht, wird effizient an die Umgebung abgegeben. Das Leuchtmittel 100 braucht keinen großen Kühlkörper und überschreitet damit nicht die bisher üblichen Abmessungen für Leuchtmittel, z.B. der Glühlampe oder der Sparbirne, und ermöglicht damit die Retrofit-Technologie. Die Kühlung des erfindungsgemäßen Leuchtmittels ist effizient und sehr kostengünstig.The LED-based bulbs 100 can be manufactured in a retrofit housing with classic E14 or E27 thread. The high levels of waste heat generated by the LEDs, which are generated in a concentrated location, are efficiently dissipated to the environment. The luminous means 100 does not need a large heat sink and thus does not exceed the usual dimensions for illuminants, e.g. the incandescent lamp or the saving bulb, thus enabling the retrofit technology. The cooling of the luminous means according to the invention is efficient and very cost-effective.

Weitere Ausführungsbeispiele werden Bezug nehmend auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Leuchtmittels gemäß einer Ausführungsform in seitlicher Schnittansicht;
  • Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung des in Fig. 1 dargestellten Leuchtmittels in vorderwärtiger Schnittansicht; und
  • Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung des in Fig. 1 dargestellten Leuchtmittels in rückwärtiger Schnittansicht.
Further embodiments will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a lighting means according to an embodiment in side sectional view;
  • Fig. 2 a schematic representation of the in Fig. 1 illustrated illuminant in Vorderwärtiger sectional view; and
  • Fig. 3 a schematic representation of the in Fig. 1 illustrated illuminant in rear sectional view.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Leuchtmittels 100 einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform in seitlicher Schnittansicht. Das Leuchtmittel 100 umfasst einen Leuchtkörper 102 und eine um den Leuchtkörper 102 herum rotierbare Luftschaufel 104, die zur Kühlung des Leuchtkörpers 102 vorgesehen ist. Die Luftschaufel 104 ist in den Fig. 2 und 3, welche vorderwärtige und rückwärtige Schnittansichten des Leuchtmittels 100 zeigen, noch einmal dargestellt. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a luminous means 100 of an embodiment according to the invention in a lateral sectional view. The luminous means 100 comprises a luminous element 102 and an air blade 104 which can be rotated around the luminous element 102 and which is provided for cooling the luminous element 102. The air vane 104 is in the Fig. 2 and 3 , which show front and rear sectional views of the luminous means 100, shown once again.

Erfindungsgemäß weist das Leuchtmittel 100 einen Antrieb 118 auf, der Mittel zum Erzeugen eines elektrischen Drehfeldes aufweist. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform handelt es sich bei den Mitteln um eine Mehrzahl von Spulen 108 und eine Steuerungselektronik 110 zur sequentiellen Erregung der Spulen 108, um das Drehfeld zu erzeugen.According to the invention, the luminous means 100 has a drive 118, which has means for generating a rotary electric field. In one embodiment, the means are a plurality of coils 108 and control electronics 110 for sequentially energizing the coils 108 to produce the rotating field.

Erfindungsgemäß ist an der Außenseite des Leuchtmittels 100 ein Käfigläufer als Rotor 106 ähnlich wie bei einer Asynchronmaschine angebracht. Der Unterschied zur klassischen Asynchronmaschine ist der, dass der Stator bei dem Leuchtmittel 100 innen angeordnet ist, d.h. sich in dem Leuchtkörper 102 befindet, und der Rotor 106 außen angeordnet ist, nicht wie sonst üblich umgekehrt. Durch zyklische Ansteuerung der Statorspulen 108 wird ein Drehfeld erzeugt, was den Außenkäfigläufer in Bewegung versetzt. Der Läufer bzw. Rotor 106 der Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Luftstroms, welche ein Lüfter zur Erzeugung eines beispielsweise kontinuierlichen Stroms sein kann, sitzt außen am Tubus des Leuchtmittels 100 und nicht innen. Der Stator und der Rotor 106 sind daher gegenüber dem Aufbau der Asynchronmaschine vertauscht. Es gibt nur ein bewegliches Teil, das außen am Leuchtmittel 100 sitzt und nicht innen.According to the invention, a squirrel cage rotor 106 is mounted on the outside of the luminous means 100 similar to an asynchronous machine. The difference to the classic asynchronous machine is that the stator is arranged inside the lamp 100, i.e., inside the lamp. is located in the lamp 102, and the rotor 106 is disposed outside, not vice versa as usual. By cyclically driving the stator coils 108, a rotating field is generated, which sets the outer squirrel cage in motion. The rotor or rotor 106 of the apparatus for generating an air flow, which may be a fan for generating a continuous current, for example, sits on the outside of the tube of the luminous means 100 and not inside. The stator and the rotor 106 are therefore interchanged with respect to the structure of the asynchronous machine. There is only one moving part that sits on the outside of the light source 100 and not inside.

Der Antrieb 118 arbeitet nach dem Prinzip der Asynchronmaschine, d.h. der Antrieb 118 erfolgt durch ein Drehfeld. Elektrisch gesehen entspricht der Antrieb 118 einem Transformator. Die Ständerwicklung ist dabei die Primärseite und der Kurzschlussläufer (Käfigläufer) die Sekundärseite. Der sich einstellende Strom hängt von der Drehzahl ab. Der Läufer des Antriebs dreht sich immer langsamer als das Drehfeld an den Spulen 108 der Primärseite. Solange der Rotor 106 steht, also am Anfang, ist ein Transformator mit sekundärseitigem Kurzschluss gegeben. Hierdurch entstehen hohe Ströme und starke Magnetfelder. In diesem Anfahrbereich hat der Antrieb 118 einen schlechten Wirkungsgrad und erwärmt sich stark. Sobald sich der Rotor 106 dreht und sich dem umlaufenden Drehfeld anpasst, werden die Ströme kleiner. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform werden die hohen Anfahrströme durch vorgeschaltete Anlasswiderstände gemindert. Die Drehzahl am Betriebspunkt wird sich immer um einige Prozente unterhalb der zugehörigen Synchrondrehzahl einstellen. Diese Differenz wird als Schlupf bezeichnet und ist belastungsabhängig. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist die Nutenzahl von Stator und Rotor 106 unterschiedlich oder sind die Nuten schräg zur Statorachse, d.h. zur Hauptstrahlrichtung des Leuchtmittels 100 angeordnet, um so eine Resonanz des Rotors 106 zu verhindern.The drive 118 operates on the principle of the asynchronous machine, ie the drive 118 is effected by a rotating field. Seen electrically, the drive 118 corresponds to a transformer. The stator winding is the primary side and the squirrel cage rotor is the secondary side. The self-adjusting current depends on the speed. The rotor of the drive rotates always slower than the rotating field on the coils 108 of the primary side. As long as the rotor 106 is at the beginning, there is a transformer with secondary side short circuit. This results in high currents and strong magnetic fields. In this starting range, the drive 118 has a poor efficiency and warms up a lot. As the rotor 106 rotates and adapts to the rotating rotating field, the currents become smaller. According to one embodiment, the high starting currents are reduced by upstream starting resistors. The speed at the operating point will always be a few percent below the associated synchronous speed. This difference is called slip and is load-dependent. According to one embodiment, the number of slots of stator and rotor 106 is different or the grooves are arranged obliquely to the stator axis, ie to the main radiation direction of the luminous means 100 so as to prevent a resonance of the rotor 106.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist der Rotor 106 als Kurzschlussläufer mit einer Wicklung aus massiven, gut leitfähigen Leiterstäben (Käfigläufer), die immer kurzgeschlossen sind, realisiert. In der Massenfertigung kann das Blechpaket des Rotors 106 entweder mit Nuten oder mit Löchern versehen werden, die danach mit Aluminium ausgegossen werden. Damit werden gleichzeitig die Luftschaufeln 104 bzw. Lüfter-Flügel als Kühllamellen mitgegossen. Im Betrieb fließen durch die Leiterstäbe vergleichsweise hohe Ströme und erzeugen so zusammen mit den Eisenblechen starke Magnetfelder. Die Spannungen sind jedoch so gering, dass keine besondere Isolation notwendig ist. Eine Sonderbauform des Käfigläufers ist der Widerstandsläufer, in welchen die Leiterstäbe des Kurzschlusskäfigs aus einem Material mit höheren spezifischen Widerstand hergestellt sind. Dadurch wird ein höherer Schlupf und modifiziertes Anlaufverhalten erzielt.According to one embodiment, the rotor 106 is realized as a squirrel-cage rotor with a winding of solid, highly conductive conductor bars (squirrel-cage), which are always short-circuited. In mass production, the laminated core of the rotor 106 can be provided with either grooves or holes which are then filled with aluminum. At the same time, the air blades 104 or fan blades are also cast as cooling fins. In operation, relatively high currents flow through the conductor bars and thus generate strong magnetic fields together with the iron sheets. However, the voltages are so low that no special isolation is necessary. A special design of the cage rotor is the resistance rotor, in which the conductor bars of the shorting cage are made of a material with higher resistivity. This achieves higher slip and modified startup behavior.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst der Antrieb 118 eine Steuerungselektronik 110. Der Antrieb 118 kann einen hohen Einschaltstrom aufweisen. Ist der Einschaltstrom nicht bekannt, kann man von etwa dem achtfachen Nennstrom ausgehen. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform verwendet der Antrieb 118 ein Anlassverfahren mittels einer Stern-DreieckSchaltung. Hierdurch wird die Anlaufleistung auf etwa ein Drittel herabgesetzt. Das Anlaufmoment wird im gleichen Verhältnis reduziert. Mit dieser Schaltung wird der Antrieb 118 durch Umsteuerung der Schütze nach der Hochlaufzeit mit in Stern geschalteten Wicklungssträngen auf Dreieckbetrieb umgeschaltet. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform weist der Antrieb 118 einen oder mehrere Frequenzumrichter auf, um bei entsprechender Konfigurierung beziehungsweise Programmierung den Antrieb 118 sanft und lastangepasst hochzufahren. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst der Antrieb 118 einen Käfigläufer. Dabei wirkt sich beim Anlaufen der Skineffekt günstig aus. Bei hohem Schlupf steigt die Elektronenkonzentration am Rand der Kurzschlussstäbe, wodurch der Widerstand steigt. Sinkt die Frequenz wieder, sinkt auch der Widerstand. Durch verschiedene Kurzschlussstabprofile wird erreicht, dass die Kennlinie sich dynamisch mit der Drehzahl ändert. Der Antrieb 118 kann daher sehr geräuscharm und leistungseffizient betrieben werden.In one embodiment, the drive 118 includes control electronics 110. The drive 118 may have a high inrush current. If the inrush current is not known, one can assume about eight times the rated current. In one embodiment, the drive 118 employs a star-delta circuit cranking process. As a result, the starting power is reduced to about one third. The starting torque is reduced in the same ratio. With this circuit, the drive 118 is switched by reversing the contactors after the ramp-up time with star-connected winding strands to delta operation. According to one embodiment, the drive 118 has one or more frequency inverters in order to start up the drive 118 smoothly and adapted to the load with appropriate configuration or programming. In one embodiment, the drive 118 includes a squirrel cage. This has a favorable effect when starting the skin effect. At high slip, the electron concentration increases at the edge of the shorting bars, increasing the resistance. If the frequency drops again, the resistance also decreases. Various short-circuit bar profiles ensure that the characteristic is dynamic with the speed changes. The drive 118 can therefore be operated very quiet and power efficient.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst das Leuchtmittel 100 ein in dem Leuchtkörper 102 angeordnetes LED-Feld 114. LEDs sind Bauelemente aus Halbleitern. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst das Leuchtmittel 100 einen LED-Chip, in dem die Energie des elektrischen Stroms bei relativ geringer Wärmeentwicklung in Lichtenergie umgewandelt wird. Dabei wird ein sehr schmalbandiges Licht ausgesendet. Hierzu können einfarbige LEDs mit den Farben rot, gelb, grün, orange eingesetzt werden. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird zur Realisierung weißer LED entweder das Licht verschiedener Farb-LEDs überlagert oder ein Teil des Lichts blauer LEDs mittels eines fluoreszierenden Leuchtstoffs in gelbes Licht transformiert, das gemischt mit dem verbleibenden Blauanteil weißes Licht ergibt.According to one embodiment, the luminous means 100 comprises an LED array 114 arranged in the luminous element 102. LEDs are components made of semiconductors. According to one embodiment, the luminous means 100 comprises an LED chip, in which the energy of the electric current is converted into light energy with relatively little heat generation. In this case, a very narrow-band light is emitted. For this single color LEDs with the colors red, yellow, green, orange can be used. According to one embodiment, to realize white LEDs either the light of different color LEDs is superimposed or part of the light of blue LEDs is transformed into yellow light by means of a fluorescent phosphor which, mixed with the remaining blue component, gives white light.

Da die einzelnen LEDs im Vergleich zu Glüh- oder Xenon-Gasentladungslampen einen geringen Lichtstrom aufweisen, werden gemäß einer Ausführungsform mehrere LEDs flächig gebündelt in sogenannten LED-Modulen bzw. LED-Feldern 114 zusammengeschaltet. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird dabei jede LED mit einer eigenen Bündelungsoptik versehen, gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird eine Gesamtoptik für das gesamte Modul verwendet.Since the individual LEDs in comparison to incandescent or xenon gas discharge lamps have a low luminous flux, according to an embodiment, a plurality of LEDs are bundled together in a so-called LED modules or LED fields 114 interconnected. According to one embodiment, each LED is provided with its own bundling optics, according to another embodiment, an overall appearance for the entire module is used.

Zwischen dem LED-Feld 114 bzw. den LEDs 114 und der Elektronik bzw. dem Elektronik-Vorschaltgerät 110 sind keine beweglichen Teile angebracht. Das einzige, was sich an dem Leuchtmittel 100 bewegt, ist der Außenkäfigläufer. Alle anderen Teile sind statisch. Die geringe Distanz zwischen den LEDs 114 und der Elektronik 110 verringert die Verluste bei der Zuführung der Leistung von der Elektronik 110 zu den LEDs 114. Typischerweise haben LEDs 114 sehr geringe Spannungen, so dass sich hohe Ströme ergeben. Die Länge der Leitungen, die hohe Ströme führen, verringert sich somit. Damit werden Verluste und Gewicht reduziert. Die LEDs 114 wie auch Bauelemente der Elektronik des Vorschaltgerätes 110 können den gleichen Kühlkörper 112 thermisch kontaktieren. Es sind keine separaten Entwärmungskonzepte notwendig.Between the LED panel 114 and the LEDs 114 and the electronics or the electronic ballast 110, no moving parts are attached. The only thing moving on the light source 100 is the outer squirrel cage. All other parts are static. The small distance between the LEDs 114 and the electronics 110 reduces the losses in delivering the power from the electronics 110 to the LEDs 114. Typically, LEDs 114 have very low voltages, resulting in high currents. The length of the lines that carry high currents is thus reduced. This reduces losses and weight. The LEDs 114 as well as components of the electronics of the ballast 110 can thermally contact the same heat sink 112. There are no separate Entwärmungskonzepte necessary.

Eine kurze Verbindung zwischen dem Vorschaltgerät 110 und den LEDs 114 wirkt sich auch günstig auf das EMV Verhalten aus. Häufig werden in Vorschaltgeräten für LEDs Schaltregler eingesetzt, welche ein starkes Oberwellenspektrum der Ströme und Spannungen zur Versorgung der LEDs aufweisen. Mit einer kurzen Leitung kann die Abstrahlung der Störspektren reduziert werden.A short connection between the ballast 110 and the LEDs 114 also has a favorable effect on the EMC behavior. Switching regulators for LEDs are frequently used in ballasts which have a strong harmonic spectrum of the currents and voltages for supplying the LEDs. With a short line, the radiation of the interference spectra can be reduced.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung des Leuchtmittels 100 in vorderwärtiger Schnittansicht. Die Verlustwärme der LEDs 114 wird an den verhältnismäßig kleinen Kühlkörper 112 abgegeben. Dieser leitet die Wärme an radial angebrachte Rippen. Durch diese Rippen wird ein Luftstrom 120 geführt, wie in Fig. 1 detaillierter illustriert, der durch die Luftschaufeln 104 im Käfigläufer erzeugt wird. Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the luminous means 100 in Vorderwärtiger sectional view. The heat loss of the LEDs 114 is delivered to the relatively small heat sink 112. This transfers the heat to radially mounted ribs. Through these ribs, an air flow 120 is guided, as in Fig. 1 illustrated in more detail, which is generated by the air blades 104 in the squirrel cage.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung des Leuchtmittels 100 in rückwärtiger Schnittansicht. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform werden Leistungstransistoren, wie sie im Vorschaltgerät 110, das eine Elektronik bilden kann, zum Einsatz kommen, thermisch mit dem gleichen Kühlkörper 112 kontaktiert, um die Wärme abzuführen. Durch den Kühlkörper 112 hindurch kann die Platte mit dem LED-Feld 114 einfach kontaktiert werden. Es befinden sich keine beweglichen Teile zwischen Elektronik 110 und LEDs 114. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform erfolgt die Erzeugung eines Drehfeldes durch sequentielle Ansteuerung der Statorspulen 108 sehr kostengünstig durch einen Kondensator zur Phasenverschiebung. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform erfolgt die Erzeugung des Drehfeldes durch sequentielle Ansteuerung der Statorspulen 108 sehr kostengünstig durch einen einfachen integrierten Schaltkreis. Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the luminous means 100 in rear sectional view. According to one embodiment, power transistors, such as are used in the ballast 110, which can form electronics, are thermally contacted with the same heat sink 112 in order to dissipate the heat. Through the heat sink 112, the plate can be easily contacted with the LED array 114. There are no moving parts between electronics 110 and LEDs 114. According to one embodiment, the generation of a rotating field by sequential driving of the stator coils 108 takes place very cost-effectively by a capacitor for phase shifting. According to one embodiment, the generation of the rotating field by sequential control of the stator coils 108 is very cost-effective by a simple integrated circuit.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist der Außenkäfigläufer ganz aus Metall gefertigt, so dass er einfach und kostengünstig herstellbar ist. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist der Außenkäfigläufer auf einem Kunstststoffring 128 gelagert, was eine sehr kostengünstige Lösung darstellt. Eine Lagerung des Außenkäfigläufers auf einem Kugellager ist nicht erforderlich, da keine großen Kräfte zu übertragen sind. Dies mindert auch potenzielle Geräusche.According to one embodiment, the outer squirrel cage is made entirely of metal, so that it can be produced easily and inexpensively. According to one embodiment, the outer squirrel cage is mounted on a plastic ring 128, which is a very cost effective solution. A bearing of the Außenkäfigläufers on a ball bearing is not required because no large forces are transmitted. This also reduces potential noises.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform sind der Kühlkörper 112 und der Rotor 106 in hintereinander angeordneten Ringen mit im Wesentlichen gleichen Radien um den Leuchtkörper 102 herum angebracht. Dadurch überschreitet der Durchmesser des Leuchtmittels 100 nicht den Durchmesser eines herkömmlichen Leuchtmittels mit Kühlkörper, sondern der Durchmesser ist sogar geringer, da aufgrund der Kühlung durch den Rotor 106 der Kühlkörper 112 kleiner sein kann, so dass sich sein Durchmesser verringert. Der Durchmesser 124 des Leuchtmittels 100, der durch die am weitesten außen gelagerten Teile bestimmt wird, d.h. den Rotor 106 und den Kühlkörper 112, ist nicht größer als der Durchmesser einer Standard-Glühbirne, so dass das Leuchtmittel 100 sich aufgrund seines geringen Raumbedarfs für den Retrofit-Einsatz eignet und herkömmliche Glühbirnen oder LED-Leuchmitteln ersetzen kann.According to one embodiment, the heat sink 112 and the rotor 106 are mounted in successively arranged rings with substantially equal radii around the luminous element 102. As a result, the diameter of the luminous means 100 does not exceed the diameter of a conventional illuminant with heat sink, but the diameter is even smaller, since due to the cooling by the rotor 106, the heat sink 112 may be smaller, so that reduces its diameter. The diameter 124 of the luminous means 100, which is determined by the outermost parts, ie the rotor 106 and the heat sink 112, is not larger than the diameter of a standard bulb, so that the light emitting means 100 due to its small footprint for the Retrofit use is suitable and can replace conventional light bulbs or LED lighting.

Die Anzahl der für die Kühlung zu fertigenden Teile ist gering. Es sind keine kontinuierlich zu bewegenden Membranen vorhanden, die vorzeitig altern könnten. Es erfolgt eine kontinuierliche gleichmäßige Bewegung die sehr geräuscharm gestaltet ist. Es treten keine periodischen Knackgeräusche auf. Es ist nur eine Luftströmung zu hören, die den Höreindruck eines Quasi-Rauschens vermittelt, jedoch nicht den eines periodischen Tons. Eine nicht gleichmäßige Anordnung des Profils führt zu Rauschen und vermeidet Pfeifgeräusche. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform sind die Luftschaufeln nicht periodisch angeordnet. Dazu weist der Leuchtkörper 102 eine Vielzahl von um den Leuchtkörper 102 herum rotierbare Luftschaufeln 104 auf, die ungleichmäßig um den Leuchtkörper 102 herum angeordnet sind. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform haben die Luftschaufeln 104 unterschiedliche Längen und/oder sind aperiodisch um den Leuchtkörper 102 herum angeordnet.The number of parts to be cooled for cooling is low. There are no continuously moving membranes that could age prematurely. There is a continuous smooth movement which is designed very quiet. There are no periodic pops. There is only one air flow to hear that conveys the sound impression of a quasi-noise, but not that of a periodic sound. A non-uniform arrangement of the profile leads to noise and avoids whistling noises. According to one embodiment, the air blades are not arranged periodically. For this purpose, the luminous element 102 has a multiplicity of air blades 104 which can be rotated around the luminous element 102 and which are arranged unevenly around the luminous element 102. According to one embodiment, the air blades 104 have different lengths and / or are arranged aperiodisch around the filament 102 around.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform sind die Luftschaufeln 104 und der Rotor 106 aus einem Stück ausgebildet, beispielsweise als ein Spritzgussteil gefertigt.According to one embodiment, the air blades 104 and the rotor 106 are formed in one piece, for example manufactured as an injection molded part.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird die Drehzahl des Rotors 106 der aktuellen Temperatur entsprechend dynamisch angepasst. Dazu weist das Leuchtmittel 100 einen Temperatursensor zur Erfassung der Temperatur des Leuchtkörpers 102 auf sowie eine Drehzahlsteuerung, die eine Drehzahl des Rotors 106 abhängig von der erfassten Temperatur einstellt.According to one embodiment, the rotational speed of the rotor 106 is dynamically adjusted according to the current temperature. For this purpose, the luminous means 100 has a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the luminous element 102, as well as a rotational speed controller which adjusts a rotational speed of the rotor 106 as a function of the detected temperature.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist der Leuchtkörper 102 von einer Fassung 116 eingefasst, die den Zweck hat, den Leuchtkörper 102 zu halten.According to one embodiment, the luminous element 102 is enclosed by a socket 116, which has the purpose of holding the luminous element 102.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist die Fassung 116 eine E14-Fassung oder eine E27-Fassung. Als Fassung 116 oder Lampenfassung bzw. Lampensockel wird die mechanische Halterung von Leuchtmitteln wie Glühlampen bzw. dem Leuchtkörper 102 bezeichnet, die auch den elektrischen Kontakt herstellt. Dazu verfügt die Fassung 116 über einen Kontakt 126, der an der Unterseite der Fassung 116 angebracht ist. Ein weiterer Kontakt kann über die Fassung selbst, beispielsweise über ein Gewinde, realisiert werden. Damit sind die Leuchtkörper 102 ohne Werkzeug austauschbar. Gemäß einer alternativen Ausführungsform weist das Leuchtmittel 100 einen sockellosen Leuchtkörper mit freien Drahtenden auf. Diese werden entweder direkt durch Löten oder Klemmen angeschlossen oder auch durch ein Zusatzelement wie beispielsweise bei Lichterketten wieder steckbar gestaltet.In one embodiment, the socket 116 is an E14 socket or an E27 socket. As a socket 116 or lamp socket or lamp base, the mechanical support of bulbs such as incandescent or the filament 102 is referred to, which also produces the electrical contact. For this purpose, the socket 116 has a contact 126, which is attached to the underside of the socket 116. Another contact can be realized on the socket itself, for example via a thread. Thus, the filament 102 are interchangeable without tools. According to an alternative embodiment, the luminous means 100 has a socket-free filament with free wire ends. These are either connected directly by soldering or terminals or made pluggable again by an additional element such as fairy lights.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird als Sockel bzw. Fassung 116 ein Edisongewinde verwendet. Die Abmessungen des Edisongewindes sind nach DIN 40400 und auch in der IEC 60238:1998 genormt. Übliche Edisongewinde nach DIN 40400 sind beispielsweise E14, gebräuchlich für Kerzenlampen bis 60 Watt und für Glüh- und Energiesparleuchtmittel bis 40 Watt bei beispielsweise 230 V und E27 als gebräuchlichste Fassung für 230 V Glüh-und Energiesparleuchtmittel. E14 hat einen Außendurchmesser von 14 mm, einen Kernlochdurchmesser von 12,5 mm und eine Steigung von 2,82 mm. E27 hat einen Außendurchmesser von 27 mm, einen Kernlochdurchmesser von 24,5 mm und eine Steigung von 3,62 mm. Weitere Alternativen für die Fassung 116 sind die Typen E5,5, E10, E11, E12, E16, E18, E33 und E40.According to one embodiment, an Edison thread is used as the base 116. The dimensions of the Edison thread are standardized according to DIN 40400 and also in IEC 60238: 1998. Common Edison threads according to DIN 40400 are for example E14, common for candle lamps up to 60 watts and for incandescent and energy-saving lamps up to 40 watts for example, 230 V and E27 as the most common version for 230 V incandescent and energy-saving lamps. E14 has an outside diameter of 14 mm, a core hole diameter of 12.5 mm and a pitch of 2.82 mm. E27 has an outer diameter of 27 mm, a core hole diameter of 24.5 mm and a pitch of 3.62 mm. Other alternatives for the socket 116 are the types E5.5, E10, E11, E12, E16, E18, E33 and E40.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform weist das Leuchtmittel 100 ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät 110 auf. Das Vorschaltgerät 110 ist die zur Strombegrenzung bei Gasentladungslampen und Leuchtstofflampen erforderliche Vorrichtung. Es kann als separates Bauelement in der Leuchte eingebaut sein oder auch im Leuchtmittel 100, wie etwa bei den sogenannten Energiesparlampen integriert sein. In diesem Fall kann das Leuchtmittel 100 unmittelbar am Stromnetz betrieben werden. Vorschaltgeräte 110 können auch die bei manchen Lampen erforderliche Zünd- und Starteinrichtung umfassen. Dabei können Impulse von einigen hundert Volt bis mehrere kV und/oder eine Vorheizung der Kathoden bei Leuchtstofflampen bewirkt werden. Konventionelle Vorschaltgeräte (KGV) bestehen aus einer Induktivität oder Drossel, einem meist mit Kupferdraht bewickelten Eisenkern. Bedingt durch den ohmschen Widerstand des Kupfers, die sogenannten Kupferverluste, und die Ummagnetisierungs- und Wirbelstromverluste im Kern kommt es zu Wärmeentwicklung und Leistungsverlusten von etwa 10-20 % der Lampenleistung. Die so genannten verlustarmen Vorschaltgeräte (VVG) sind eine Weiterentwicklung der KVG. Die VVG zeichnen sich durch eine geringere Verlustleistung aus. Sie weisen jedoch zum Teil größere Abmessungen als die KVGs auf und sind aufgrund des Einsatzes von größeren Eisenpaketen und besseren Legierungen in der Herstellung materialaufwendiger. Die Verluste werden durch einen größeren Wicklungsquerschnitt und hochwertigere Kernwerkstoffe bzw. durch geringere magnetische Flussdichten verringert. Konventionelle Vorschaltgeräte für Leuchtröhren und Kaltkathodenröhren sind Streufeldtransformatoren und vereinen die Transformation der Netzspannung in eine hohe Spannung, d.h. einige Kilovolt, sowie deren Strombegrenzung. Sie besitzen oft eine Einstellmöglichkeit für den Strom in Form eines mechanisch veränderbaren magnetischen Nebenschlusses. Neben KVG gibt es auch elektronische Vorschaltgeräte (EVG). Man unterscheidet Kaltstart-EVG und Warmstart-EVG. Bei Warmstart gibt es noch einseitige und beidseitige Warmstarts. Kaltstart-EVG zünden die Leuchtstoffröhre sofort nach dem Einschalten mit einer hohen Spannung. Sie beanspruchen die Kathoden beim Start stark, daher reduziert sich die Lebensdauer derartiger Leuchmittel. Bei Warmstart-EVG dagegen werden zuerst für einen Zeitraum von etwa 0,5-2 Sekunden die Glühkathoden der Leuchtstoffröhre vorgeheizt und dann erst gezündet. Die Start- und Zündvorgänge von EVG erfolgen im Gegensatz zu konventionellen Vorschaltgeräten (KVG) mit konventionellem Starter flackerfrei. Der Startvorgang ist dadurch meist merklich schneller als bei KVG.According to one embodiment, the luminous means 100 has an electronic ballast 110. The ballast 110 is the device required for current limiting in gas discharge lamps and fluorescent lamps. It can be installed as a separate component in the luminaire or also be integrated in the luminous means 100, such as in the so-called energy-saving lamps. In this case, the lamp 100 can be operated directly on the mains. Ballasts 110 may also include the ignition and starting equipment required in some lamps. In this case, pulses of a few hundred volts to several kV and / or a preheating of the cathode can be effected in fluorescent lamps. Conventional ballasts (KGV) consist of an inductor or inductor, an iron core usually wound with copper wire. Due to the ohmic resistance of the copper, the so-called copper losses, and the Ummagnetisierungs- and eddy current losses in the core, it comes to heat generation and power losses of about 10-20% of the lamp power. The so-called low-loss ballasts (VVG) are a further development of the KVG. The VVG are characterized by a lower power loss. However, they sometimes have larger dimensions than the CCGs and are more costly due to the use of larger iron packages and better alloys in the production material. The losses are reduced by a larger winding cross-section and higher quality core materials or by lower magnetic flux densities. Conventional ballasts for fluorescent tubes and cold cathode tubes are stray field transformers and combine the transformation of the mains voltage into a high voltage, ie a few kilovolts, as well as their current limitation. They often have an adjustment for the current in the form of a mechanically variable magnetic shunt. In addition to KVG there are also electronic ballasts (ECG). A distinction is made between cold-start ECGs and warm-start ECGs. With warm start, there are still one-sided and two-sided warm starts. Cold start electronic ballasts ignite the fluorescent tube immediately after switching on with a high voltage. They claim The cathodes at startup strong, therefore, reduces the life of such luminous means. In the case of a warm start ECG, on the other hand, the glow cathodes of the fluorescent tube are first preheated for a period of about 0.5-2 seconds and then ignited first. Starting and ignition operations of electronic ballasts are, in contrast to conventional ballasts (CCGs), flicker-free with a conventional starter. The boot process is therefore noticeably faster than with KVG.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist das Leuchtmittel 100 ein Kompaktleuchtstoffleuchtmittel mit einem integriertem elektronischem Vorschaltgerät 110 für 230 V Wechselspannung. Dieses Kompaktleuchtstoffleuchtmittel weist wie Glühlampen einen Edison-Schraubsockel des Typs E14 oder E27 auf. Im Ausland, so in Großbritannien und Irland, den USA, teilweise auch in Frankreich, sind auch Bajonettsockel, d.h. Socket des Typs B15d und B22d, gebräuchlich. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist die Fassung 116 ein Bajonettsockel, insbesondere des Typs B15d oder B22d.According to one embodiment, the luminous means 100 is a compact fluorescent illuminant with an integrated electronic ballast 110 for 230 V AC. This compact fluorescent lamp, like incandescent lamps, has an E14 or E27 Edison screw base. In foreign countries, such as the United Kingdom and Ireland, the United States, and partly also in France, bayonet bases, i. Socket of type B15d and B22d, common. According to one embodiment, the socket 116 is a bayonet socket, in particular of the type B15d or B22d.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform weist das Leuchtmittel 100 einen Stecksockel bzw. eine Steckfassung auf. Stecksockel für Kompaktleuchtstofflampen mit in das Leuchtmittel integriertem Starter verfügen über zwei Stifte. Zwischen den beiden Kontakten am Sockel bzw. an der Fassung befindet sich ein länglicher, quaderförmiger Block aus Kunststoff, der den Starter, d.h. einen Glimmzünder mit Entstörkondensator, enthält. Die Leuchte, in die dieses Leuchtmittel eingesteckt wird, benötigt für den Betrieb ein konventionelles Vorschaltgerät, umfassend eine 50-Hz-Drosselspule. Der Starter ist in das Leuchtmittel integriert und wird bei jedem Wechsel mit ausgetauscht. Stecksockel für Kompaktleuchtstofflampen ohne in das Leuchtmittel integriertem Starter verfügen über vier Stifte. Diese Version enthält keinen Starter, sondern nur das Leuchtstoffleuchtmittel selbst. Alle vier Heizdraht- beziehungsweise Kathodenanschlüsse sind herausgeführt. Sie ist schaltungstechnisch äquivalent zu großen röhrenförmigen Leuchtstofflampen. Der Sockel ist relativ kurz und daher kompakt. Die für diese Lampen geeigneten Leuchten können entweder mit elektronischen oder mit konventionellen Vorschaltgeräten ausgestattet sein.According to one embodiment, the luminous means 100 has a plug-in socket or a socket. Plug-in sockets for compact fluorescent lamps with starter integrated in the bulb have two pins. Between the two contacts on the socket or on the socket is an elongated, block-shaped block made of plastic, the starter, i. a glow starter with suppression capacitor contains. The luminaire into which this bulb is inserted requires a conventional ballast for operation, including a 50 Hz choke coil. The starter is integrated into the light source and is exchanged with each change. Sockets for compact fluorescent lamps without integrated starter have four pins. This version does not contain a starter, only the phosphor itself. All four heating wire or cathode connections are led out. It is structurally equivalent to large tubular fluorescent lamps. The base is relatively short and therefore compact. The lamps suitable for these lamps can be equipped with either electronic or conventional ballasts.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform weist das Leuchtmittel 100 einen Röhrensockel auf. Der Röhrendurchmesser von Leuchtstofflampen ist standardisiert. Die Zahl nach dem Buchstaben "T" (T: Tube) steht dabei für Achtel Zoll, also 1/8 von 25,4 mm = 3,175 mm. Eine T5-Röhre hat beispielsweise einen Durchmesser von 5/8 Zoll, das entspricht etwa 16 mm. Die Stiftabstände der Sockel an beiden Enden der geraden Bauformen sind ebenfalls genormt. Für unterschiedliche Röhrendurchmesser kommen hierbei zum Teil identische Sockel mit beispielsweise gleichem Stiftabstand zum Einsatz. Durch diese Maßnahme passen T8-Röhren in die Fassungen der älteren T12-Röhren und können diese ersetzen.According to one embodiment, the luminous means 100 has a tube socket. The tube diameter of fluorescent lamps is standardized. The number after the letter "T" (T: Tube) stands for eighths of an inch, ie 1/8 of 25.4 mm = 3.175 mm. For example, a T5 tube has a diameter of 5/8 inches, which is about 16 mm. The pin spacings of the pedestals at both ends of the straight types are also standardized. For different tube diameters come here partly identical Base with, for example, the same pin distance to use. As a result of this measure, T8 tubes fit into the sockets of older T12 tubes and can replace them.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform weist das Leuchtmittel 100 einen Röhrensockel auf. Der Bajonettsockel wird auch als Swansockel bzw. Swanfassung bezeichnet. Er besteht aus einem glatten Metallzylinder mit zwei abisolierten Erhebungen. Zum Befestigen wird er zunächst eingeschoben und dann durch eine Drehung fixiert. Hierzu kann ein Bajonettverschluss vorgesehen sein.According to one embodiment, the luminous means 100 has a tube socket. The bayonet base is also referred to as Swansocket or Swanfassung. It consists of a smooth metal cylinder with two stripped elevations. To attach, it is first inserted and then fixed by rotation. For this purpose, a bayonet closure may be provided.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform weist das Leuchtmittel 100 einen Stiftsockel bzw. einen Bipin-Fußsockel auf. Die Bipin-Fuß-Normierung ist Standard bei Lampensockeln für Halogenlampen und gehört zur IEC-Normierung. Bei kleineren Ausführungen, bei denen die Stifte dichter zusammenstehen, spricht man auch von Mini-Bipin. Der Lampensockel hat hierbei zwei Nuten, in die eine fassungsseitig eingebaute Feder einrasten kann.According to one embodiment, the luminous means 100 has a pin base or a bipin foot base. Bipin-foot standardization is standard on lamp sockets for halogen lamps and is part of IEC standardization. In smaller versions, where the pins are closer together, one speaks of mini-bipin. The lamp base here has two grooves in which a spring mounted on the front side can engage.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100100
LeuchtmittelLamp
102102
Leuchtkörperilluminant
104104
Luftschaufel(n)An airfoil (s)
106106
Rotorrotor
108108
Spule(n)Do the washing up)
110110
Steuerungselektronik bzw. VorschaltgerätControl electronics or ballast
112112
Kühlkörperheatsink
114114
LED-FeldLED field
116116
Fassungversion
118118
Antriebdrive
120120
Luftstromairflow
122122
Lampenschirmlampshade
124124
Durchmesser des LeuchtmittelsDiameter of the bulb
126126
KontaktContact
128128
KunststoffringPlastic ring

Claims (15)

  1. Lighting means (100) having a lighting body (102), wherein at least one air blade (104) which can rotate around the lighting body (102) is provided for cooling the lighting body (102), wherein the lighting means (100) comprises a drive (118) having a rotor (106) for driving the at least one air blade (104), characterized in that the rotor (106) is configured as an external cage rotor which is arranged around the lighting body (102).
  2. Lighting means (100) according to Claim 1, wherein the air blade (104) is inclined with respect to a longitudinal axis of the lighting body in order to generate an air stream in the direction of the longitudinal axis.
  3. Lighting means (100) according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the drive (118) is configured to generate a rotating electrical field in order to drive the rotor.
  4. Lighting means (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the drive (118) has a plurality of coils (108) which can be sequentially excited.
  5. Lighting means (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the drive (118) is fitted within the lighting body (102).
  6. Lighting means (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the rotor (106) is formed from an electrically conductive material and is mounted on a plastic ring (128) or on a ball bearing.
  7. Lighting means (100) according to one of the preceding claims, having a heat sink (112) which is thermally coupled to the lighting body (102), wherein the air blade (104) is designed to conduct an air stream (120) through the heat sink (112), in order to cool the lighting body (102).
  8. Lighting means (100) according to Claim 7, wherein the heat sink (112) and the rotor (106) are fitted in rings, which are arranged one behind the other and in particular have the same ring radii, around the lighting body (102).
  9. Lighting means (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which a large number of air blades (104), which can rotate around the lighting body (102) and which are arranged uniformly or non-uniformly around the lighting body (102), are provided in order to cool the lighting body (102).
  10. Lighting means (100) according to Claim 9, in which the air blades (104) have different lengths and/or are arranged around the lighting body (102) in an aperiodic manner.
  11. Lighting means (100) according to Claim 9 or Claim 10, in which the air blades (104) and the rotor (106) are integrally formed.
  12. Lighting means (100) according to one of the preceding claims, having a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the lighting body (102).
  13. Lighting means (100) according to Claim 12, having a rotation-speed control means which is designed to adjust a rotation speed of the rotor (106) depending on the detected temperature.
  14. Lighting means (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lighting body (102) comprises an LED field (114) having at least one LED or one halogen lighting element.
  15. Lighting means (100) according to one of the preceding claims, which is a retrofitted lighting means.
EP11193312.3A 2011-12-13 2011-12-13 Lighting with cooling system Not-in-force EP2604917B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11193312.3A EP2604917B1 (en) 2011-12-13 2011-12-13 Lighting with cooling system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11193312.3A EP2604917B1 (en) 2011-12-13 2011-12-13 Lighting with cooling system

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EP2604917A1 EP2604917A1 (en) 2013-06-19
EP2604917B1 true EP2604917B1 (en) 2015-05-27

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CN104097846B (en) * 2014-07-03 2016-04-27 浙江长兴家宝电子有限公司 A kind of LED transfer rack

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JP4236544B2 (en) * 2003-09-12 2009-03-11 三洋電機株式会社 Lighting device
US8070324B2 (en) * 2008-07-30 2011-12-06 Mp Design Inc. Thermal control system for a light-emitting diode fixture
TWM372923U (en) * 2009-08-14 2010-01-21 Risun Expanse Corp Lamp structure
KR101414642B1 (en) * 2009-11-20 2014-07-03 엘지전자 주식회사 Heat-dissipating apparatus

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