EP2597629B1 - Signal apparatus for emitting an acoustic and/or visual signal - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a signal device for emitting an acoustic and / or visual signal, comprising a one-piece housing basic body and an upper housing part, the upper housing part being connectable to the one-piece housing basic body and a receiving space being formed by the one-piece housing basic body and by the upper housing part , in which at least one electrical assembly for signal generation is accommodated, and wherein at least a first electrical line can be fed into the signal device.

STATE OF THE ART

Signal devices are known for emitting an acoustic and / or visual signal and are often installed as part of security technology in buildings. Signal devices can also be used for manufacturing plants, for machines or for electrical devices, so that the signal devices can be arranged on different receiving bodies. For example, signal devices can be arranged on a wall in a surface mounting or a flush mounting. It is also conceivable for signal devices to be arranged in the housing of an electrical device, and the signal devices can emit acoustic and / or visual signals, for example for signaling an emergency situation, a fault situation or the like.

If the signal device is mounted on a receptacle, the housing base body can first be arranged on the receptacle body, for example the housing base body can be screwed onto the receptacle body. At the same time, an electrical line can be inserted into the receiving space in the signaling device, so that the signaling device is connected, for example, to a building technology or, for example, to another circuit technology. This creates the need to connect the electrical assembly for signal generation to the electrical line. If a fitter has to establish the electrical connection, it can happen that the fitter must hold both the electrical assembly and the electrical line, at the same time using a tool, for example a screwdriver. Although the electrical assembly can be accommodated in the basic housing body, the arrangement of an acoustic signal generator in the upper housing part is necessary, so that the disadvantage of additional cabling also arises, which in turn has disadvantages in handling. If the electrical assembly is completely arranged in the upper part of the housing and the electrical line is inserted into the basic housing body, there is again the disadvantage of poor assembly.

From the US 2008/0084326 A1 a signal device is known. For the electrical connection of an electrical assembly arranged in an upper housing part, spring contacts on a basic housing body and contact surfaces on the electrical assembly are provided.

The US 2008/0157992 A1 discloses a signal device with an upper housing part and a base plate. The signaling device can be arranged on a mounting plate. There are contact pins and terminals for the electrical connection of the signal device.

From the EP 1 953 719 A2 a visual and / or acoustic warning device is known which has a bracket which can be fastened to a wall and has a first electrical plug element. The warning device also has a housing which comprises a second electrical plug element. When the housing is arranged on the bracket, the second plug-in element can be connected to the first plug-in element in order to produce the power supply for the warning device.

When installing signaling devices in a building, for example, it may happen that a large number of signaling devices must be installed. A simple, quick installation of the signal devices on the receiving body and a simple and quick establishment of the electrical connection of the signal device via the electrical line are therefore particularly desirable.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a signal device for emitting an acoustic and / or visual signal which is simple to install and simple to connect electrically.

The invention corresponds to a signal device according to claim 1. Preferred exemplary embodiments are claimed in the subclaims.

The invention includes the technical teaching that a line connection means is provided and arranged in the one-piece housing base body to which the first electrical line can be contacted, the electrical assembly for signal generation being arranged on the upper housing part.

The invention proposes the advantageous possibility of a line connection means which is arranged in the one-piece housing base body, and regardless of the upper housing part and independent of the electrical assembly, the electrical line can be connected to the line connection means. A fitter can first arrange the one-piece housing base body on the receiving body, and the electrical connection can be made without the upper housing part and in particular without the electrical assembly. In this case, only the electrical connection between the electrical line and the line connection means is established. The upper housing part with the electrical assembly for signal generation can then be arranged on the one-piece housing base body. Unless stated otherwise, a housing base body is always understood below to mean a housing base body formed in one piece.

Another advantage is achieved in that at least one contact means is provided between the line connection means and the electrical assembly for signal generation. The contact means comprises a first plug contact partner and a second plug contact partner, and the plug contact partners can be connected to one another by arranging the upper housing part on the basic housing body. The first plug contact partner is arranged on the basic housing body and in particular on the line connection means itself, and the second plug contact partner is arranged on the upper housing part and in particular on the electrical assembly itself. In the case of signal devices in particular, the arrangement of the electrical Assembly in the upper housing part advantageous, since the electrical assembly can comprise a signal-generating means which is arranged in a structural unit with an electronic component in the upper housing part. The signal-generating means, for example a loudspeaker, can be arranged in the upper part of the housing and comprise a sound funnel via which the acoustic signal leaves the signal device. If the upper housing part is removed from the basic housing body, the upper housing part can include the electrical assembly with the electronic component and with the loudspeaker. If the upper housing part is arranged on the basic housing body, the contact means is closed by the plug contact partners on the upper housing part and on the basic housing body. In particular, it is advantageous that work can be carried out on the electrical assembly without the electrical assembly being energized, since the electrical assembly is only accessible if the upper housing part with the electrical assembly is separated from the basic housing body and thus from the line connection means.

The housing base body advantageously has at least two housing openings, the first electrical line being able to be passed through a first housing opening and a second electrical line being able to be passed through a second housing opening. First, the basic housing body can be fastened to the receiving body, for example in a surface mounting or in a flush mounting on a wall. The basic body of the housing is thus already firmly arranged and no longer has to be held by a fitter. The housing openings can be prepared as breakout openings in the basic housing body, which can be broken out of the housing walls manually or with a tool in order to lead the electrical line through the housing openings. It is also conceivable that the housing openings comprise means for sealing the electrical line, for example in the form of rubber crimp seals. The basic housing body can only have a housing opening in order to thereby already introduce an electrical line into the receiving space of the basic housing body. If several signal devices are connected in series, at least one second housing opening can be provided, through which at least one further electrical line can be passed.

It is also advantageous if the line connection means has a contact strip, and in particular the first electrical line and preferably a second electrical line can be electrically contacted on the contact strip. The contact strip can have connection contacts to which the individual lines of the first electrical line and in particular the second electrical line can be arranged, in particular connection contacts for connecting the individual lines of the first electrical line and connection contacts for connecting the individual lines of the second electrical line. For example, the contact strip can comprise screw connection terminals, and screw connection terminals provided adjacent to one another can in each case connect individual lines of the first and second electrical lines to one another. At the same time, the individual lines are electrically contacted with the electrical assembly.

If the signal device is mounted on a receiving body, at least one molding and at least one recess are formed on the housing base body according to the invention, so that when at least two signal devices are mounted adjacent to the receiving body, the molding of a first signal device can be positively inserted into the recess on an adjacent second signal device. For example, the basic housing body can have a recess and a molding on a wall, and if two signaling devices are arranged adjacent to one another, a positive connection between the signaling devices is produced in two positions.

The basic housing body can have a housing base, on which housing walls preferably extend in a substantially rectangular housing shape, so that the basic housing body forms a cube in abstract form. The shape of the housing can have hollow chambers in the corner regions, which extend outwards on the housing walls in the corners. The hollow chambers can be freely accessible from the underside of the basic housing body, as a result of which an advantageous injection mold for producing the basic housing body is formed from a plastic.

Fastening tabs can be arranged on the outside of the basic housing body, which are preferably located in the plane of the housing base between the hollow chambers extend, at least one hole being made in the fastening tabs. The outward shaping of the hollow chambers creates intermediate areas in which the fastening tabs are stretched. The fastening tabs can thus merge in one piece into the basic housing body on three side edges, as a result of which an increased strength of the fastening tabs is formed. Fastening elements can be passed through the holes in the fastening tabs and can be designed, for example, in the form of screws, nails or other bolts. For example, the fastening tabs on the outside can be formed on two opposite housing walls, and the projections and recesses can be arranged on two further opposite housing walls to form the positive connection between two signaling devices.

According to a further development of the signaling device, perforations can be made in the housing base, the perforations optionally being removed to form holes, and the perforations being formed by predetermined breaking points that can be removed without damaging the basic housing body. If holes are created in the housing base by removing the perforations, fastening means can be passed through the holes in order to fasten the signal device on a receiving body.

The signaling device can be designed for the combined transmission of acoustic and visual signals, the signaling device also being able to transmit exclusively acoustic or exclusively visual signals. If the signaling device is designed to emit visual or visual and acoustic signals, the signaling device can have a lighting unit which is preferably arranged on the basic housing body and which is, for example, electrically connected to the line connection means. The lighting unit can comprise a lamp which is accommodated under a translucent cover of the lighting unit. The lighting unit can already be pre-assembled electrically connected to the line connection means before a fitter installs the signal device. The signaling device can be particularly advantageously arranged on a vertical receiving body, for example on a wall, in such a way that the lighting unit points upwards, which further improves the visual signaling effect of the lighting unit.

According to a further measure improving the signal device, a guide arrangement can be provided, through which the upper housing part is guided when joining the basic housing body. The guide arrangement can comprise at least one guide spring and at least one guide groove, the guide spring being inserted into the associated guide groove by joining the upper housing part on the basic housing body. For example, four guide springs forming a rectangle can be arranged on the basic housing body, which engage in four guide grooves likewise forming a rectangular shape on the upper housing part when the upper housing part is joined to the basic housing body.

In particular, it is advantageous if the guide arrangement has a plurality of guide springs and a plurality of respectively assigned guide grooves, at least one guide spring having a different geometry being assigned to at least one guide groove having a correspondingly different geometry, so that the upper housing part can only be arranged on the basic housing body if the Guide spring with the different geometry is inserted into the guide groove with the also different geometry. This can prevent a technician from mounting the upper housing part in an unsuitable position on the basic housing body. The guide spring and the associated guide groove, each with a different geometry, act together as centering means, which means that the upper housing part and the basic housing body can only be joined to one another in a predetermined position. In principle, however, the centering means can also have any other suitable shape or design. For example, the centering means can alternatively have a centering lug on one of the two components, housing upper part and housing base body, and a corresponding centering lug receptacle on the other component.

It is also advantageous if the upper housing part can be connected to the basic housing body by means of connecting elements, the connecting elements preferably being able to be inserted into openings which are in particular introduced into hollow chambers. The hollow chambers can be provided, for example, in the corner regions of the housing and extend outwards on the housing walls in the corners. The hollow chambers can be freely accessible from the underside of the basic housing body.

The basic body of the housing can, for example, have a depth of 40 mm to 150 mm, preferably 45 mm to 140 mm and particularly preferably 47 mm to 125 mm. Furthermore, the upper housing part can have a depth of 20 mm to 75 mm, preferably from 30 mm to 60 mm and particularly preferably from 32.5 mm to 56 mm. The upper housing part can protrude into the basic housing body on the basic housing body, so that the entire depth of the signaling device does not necessarily result from the sum of the depths of the basic housing body and the upper housing part. The ratio of the depth of the basic housing body to the upper housing part is from 1.0 to 4.4, preferably from 1.4 to 4.1 and particularly preferably from 1.45 to 3.0.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Figur 1

eine schematische Ansicht eines Signalgerätes;

Figur 2

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Gehäuseoberteils mit einer elektrischen Baugruppe;

Figur 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Gehäusegrundkörpers mit einem Leitungsanschlussmittel;

Figur 4

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Gehäuseoberteils mit Führungsnuten;

Figur 5

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Gehäusegrundkörpers mit Führungsfedern, die mit den Führungsnuten im Gehäuseoberteil eine Führungsanordnung bilden;

Figur 6

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Signalgerätes mit einer Leuchteinheit; und

Figur 7

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Gehäusegrundkörpers mit einer Leuchteinheit.

Further measures improving the invention are described below together with the description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the figures. They show schematically:

Figure 1

a schematic view of a signal device;

Figure 2

a perspective view of an upper housing part with an electrical assembly;

Figure 3

a perspective view of a housing body with a line connection means;

Figure 4

an embodiment of an upper housing part with guide grooves;

Figure 5

an embodiment of a housing base body with guide springs which form a guide arrangement with the guide grooves in the upper housing part;

Figure 6

a perspective view of a signal device with a lighting unit; and

Figure 7

a perspective view of a housing body with a lighting unit.

Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a signal device 100 for emitting an acoustic and / or visual signal. The housing of the signal device is essentially formed by a basic housing body 10 and an upper housing part 11. The upper housing part 11 can be removed from the basic housing body 10, a closed receiving space 12 being formed with the basic housing body 10 and the upper housing part 11. In the receiving space 12, an electrical assembly 13 is shown, which can include electronic components and which are used for acoustic and / or visual signal generation. In particular, the electrical assembly 13 can comprise a tone generator with which acoustic signals can be generated.

A housing opening 19 is introduced into the housing base body 10 and is located in a side wall of the housing base body 10. A first electrical line 14, which comprises individual lines 24, is passed through the housing opening 19, and the individual lines 24 are connected to a contact strip 22 of a line connection means 15. The line connection means 15 is located in the basic housing body 10 of the signal device 100.

A contact means 16 is arranged between the electrical assembly 13, which is accommodated in the upper housing part 11, and the line connection means 15, which is accommodated in the basic housing body 10. The contact means 16 is designed as a contact plug and has a first plug contact partner 17 and a second plug contact partner 18. For example, the first plug contact partner 17 is connected to or arranged on the line connection means 15 and the second plug contact partner 18 is connected to the electrical assembly 13 or arranged on it. If the upper housing part 11 with the electrical assembly 13 is separated from the basic housing body 10, the first plug contact partner 17 is also separated from the second plug contact partner 18.

When mounting the signal device 100, the housing base body 10 can first be fastened on a receiving body. The electrical line 14 can then be passed through the housing opening 19 and the individual lines 24 can be connected to the contact strip 22 of the line connection means 15. Excellent accessibility of the contact strip 22 is made possible, which can include screws, for example, in order to clamp the individual lines 24. Once the individual lines 24 have been attached to the contact strip 22, the upper housing part 11 can be placed on the basic housing body 10, the plug contact partners 17 and 18 being connected to one another at the same time. The advantageous division of the electrical assembly 13 in the upper housing part 11 and the line connection means 15 in the basic housing body 10 creates a particularly simple way of mounting the signal device 100.

The depth of the basic housing body 10 is indicated by T _G and the depth of the upper housing part 11 is indicated by To. The housing of the signal device 100 has, for example, a cube shape, the cube not having to have the same edge lengths.

In Figure 2 the upper housing part 11 is shown in perspective, and the electrical assembly 13 is attached to the inside of the upper housing part 11. The electrical assembly 13 is designed, for example, as an electronic circuit board and has, for example, an adjusting means 38 with which the acoustic signal tone can be adjusted. If the housing upper part 11 is removed from the housing base body 10 as shown, the setting means 38 is freely accessible to an operator. Furthermore, a plug contact partner 18 is arranged on the electrical assembly 13, and if the upper housing part 11 is arranged on the basic housing body 10, the contact means 16 can be formed with the plug contact partner 18.

Figure 3 shows the housing base body 10 in a perspective view. The line connection means 15 is arranged in the basic housing body 10. A plug contact partner 17 is shown on the line connection means 15. If the upper housing part 11 is placed on the basic housing body 10, the plug contact partner 18 can be connected to the plug contact partner 17. For this purpose, the position of the two plug contact partners 17 and 18 is such that one Placing the upper housing part 11 on the basic housing body 10 of the plug contact partner 17 is inserted exactly into the plug contact partner 18.

The housing base body 10 has housing openings 19 and 20, and the electrical line 14 is passed through the housing opening 19, and the electrical line 21 is guided through the housing opening 20. By way of example, two electrical lines 14 and 21 are led into the housing base body 10, the electrical line 21 being able to lead to a further signal device 100, for example.

The individual lines 24 of the electrical line 14 and the individual lines 25 of the electrical line 21 are arranged on a contact strip 22 which has connection contacts 23. In this case, two adjacent connection contacts 23 can be wired in the same way and electrically connected to one another, so that the individual lines 24 are also electrically contacted with the individual lines 25. The electrical line 14 can thus be switched through to the electrical line 21, for example if a plurality of signaling devices 100 are arranged in succession and electrically connected in parallel.

The housing base body 10 has a housing base 28, in which perforations 33 are made. The perforations 33 can be broken through, for example in order to lead fastening means such as screws, etc. through the holes formed in the perforations 33, and to fasten the signal device 100 to a receiving body.

Furthermore, there are fastening tabs 31 on the outside of the housing base body 10, which extend between hollow chambers 30, which are arranged on the outside of the housing base body 10 in the corner regions. As a result, the fastening tabs 31 have increased strength. Holes 32 are made in the fastening tabs 31, through which fastening elements can likewise be passed. The housing base body 10 is made in one piece from a plastic injection-molded component, and four housing walls 29 are formed on the housing base 28, through which the housing base body 10 is given an approximately rectangular shape.

The fastening tabs 31 are arranged in an opposing arrangement on the bottom on two housing walls 29, and the housing openings 19 and 20 are introduced on two further housing walls 29 extending transversely to these. The housing openings 19 and 20 can also be prepared as perforations and only have to be removed if electrical lines 14 and 21 actually have to be inserted into the housing base body 10. Formations 26 and recesses 27 are also located on the housing walls 29, in which the housing openings 19 and 20 are introduced, and if a plurality of signal devices 100 are arranged adjacent to one another, then projections 26 of a first signal device can engage in the recesses 27 of a further signal device 100.

The Figures 4 and 5 show the upper housing part 11 and the housing base body 10 in a perspective view. Guide grooves 36 are arranged on the upper housing part 11 and extend along a mounting direction when the upper housing part 11 is assembled with the basic housing body 10. On the basic housing body 10, corresponding guide springs 35 are arranged with the guide grooves 36, which engage when the upper housing part 11 is joined with the basic housing body 10 in the guide grooves 36. It is shown that a guide groove 36 'has a different geometry, which must correspond to a different geometry of a guide spring 35', so that the upper housing part 11 can be mounted on the basic housing body 10. This ensures that the upper housing part 11 is mounted in a correct position with the basic housing body 10, for example if the plug contact partner 17 on the basic housing body 10 has to be joined with the plug contact partner 18 on the upper housing part 11, for example for electrical contacting of the electrical assembly 13 with a line connection means 15 to create.

The Figures 6 and 7 show a signal device 100 with a sound signal generator 39, which is arranged on the front side of the upper housing part 11 and comprises a sound funnel, and furthermore the signal device 100 comprises a lighting unit 34, which is arranged on a housing wall 29 of the basic housing body 10. The lighting unit 34 has a transparent cover which extends with a base area approximately over the entire outer surface of the housing wall 29. This creates a large surface area of the Cover of the light unit reached to allow good heat dissipation. The signaling device 100 is shown in a preferred position, in which the lighting unit 34 points upward, as a result of which the signaling effect of the lighting unit 34 is improved. The sound signal generator 39 has a sound funnel which opens on the inside into the signal-generating means, which can be arranged on the electrical assembly 13. Figure 7 shows a perspective view of the housing base body 10 with the line connection means 15. Electrical connections can be formed between the lighting unit 34 and the line connection means 15. If the signal device 100 is provided for assembly, the electrical connections may already be present.

The embodiment of the invention is not limited to the preferred exemplary embodiment specified above. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable which make use of the solution shown, even in the case of fundamentally different types, as long as they come within the scope of the claims.

Reference symbol list

100

Signal device

10th

Basic body

11

Upper part of the housing

12

Recording room

13

electrical assembly

14

electrical line

15

Line connection means

16

Contact means

17th

first plug contact partner

18th

second plug contact partner

19th

Breakthrough

20th

Breakthrough

21st

electrical line

22

Contact bar

23

Connection contact

24th

Single line

25th

Single line

26

Molding

27th

Recess

28

Case back

29

Housing wall

30th

Hollow chamber

31

Mounting bracket

32

hole

33

Perforation

34

Light unit

35

Guide spring

35 '

Guide spring

36

Guide groove

36 '

Guide groove

37

opening

38

Adjusting means

39

Beeper

T _G

Depth of the main body of the housing

T _O

Depth of the upper housing part

Claims (13)

1. Signalling device (100) for emitting an acoustic and / or visual signal, having a one-piece base housing body (10) and an upper housing part (11), wherein the upper housing part (11) can be connected to the one-piece base housing body (10) and wherein by the one-piece base housing body (10) and the upper housing part (11) a receiving space (12) is formed in which at least one electrical component assembly (13) for generating signals is accommodated, and wherein at least a first electrical line (14) can be inserted into the signalling device, wherein a line connection means (15) is provided and is arranged in the one-piece base housing body (10) to which the first electrical line (14) can be contacted, wherein the electrical assembly (13) for generating signals is arranged on the upper housing part (11), wherein at least one contacting means (16) is provided between the line connection means (15) and the electrical component assembly (13) for generating signals, wherein the contacting means (16) comprises a first plug-in contact partner (17) and a second plug-in contact partner (18) which can be connected to one another by arranging the upper housing part (11) on the base housing body (10), wherein the first plug-in contact partner (17) is arranged on the base housing body (10) and wherein the second plug-in contact partner (18) is arranged on the upper housing part (11), characterized in that the base housing body (10) is designed for mounting on an accommodating body, wherein at least one moulding (26) and at least one recess (27) are formed on the base housing body (10), so that in case of an adjacent mounting of at least two signalling devices on the accommodating body, the moulding (26) of a first signalling device can be inserted in a form-fitting manner into the recess (27) on an adjacent second signalling device.
2. Signalling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first plug-in contact partner (17) is arranged at the line connection means (15) and in that the second plug-in contact partner (18) is arranged at the electrical component assembly (13).
3. Signalling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the base housing body (10) has at least two housing cutouts (19, 20), wherein the first electrical line (14) can be guided through a first housing cutout (19) and a second electrical line (21) can be guided through a second housing cutout (20).
4. Signalling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the line connection means (15) has a contact strip (22), and in particular the first electrical line (14) and preferably a second electrical line (21) can be electrically contacted on the contact strip (22).
5. Signalling device according to claim 4, characterized in that the contact strip (22) has connecting contacts (23), to which individual lines (24, 25) of the first electrical line (14) and in particular the second electrical line (21) can be arranged, wherein in particular connecting contacts (23) for connecting the individual lines (24) of the first electrical line (14) and connecting contacts (23) for connecting the individual lines (25) of the second electrical line (21) are wired identically.
6. Signalling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base housing body (10) has a housing bottom (28) on which housing walls (29) extend preferably in an essentially rectangular housing form, wherein, in the corner areas, the housing form has hollow chambers (30) which extend outwardly on the housing walls (29).
7. Signalling device according to claim 6, characterized in that fastening links (31) are arranged on the outside on the base housing body (10), which preferably extend in the plane of the housing bottom (28) between the hollow chambers (30), wherein at least one hole (32) is placed into the fastening links (31).
8. Signalling device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that perforations (33) are introduced in the housing bottom (28), wherein the perforations are designed for the optional removal for forming holes, in order to fasten the signalling device to the accommodating body by fastening means, which fastening means can be guided through the holes.
9. Signalling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the signalling device is designed for the combined emitting of acoustic and visual signals, wherein the signalling device has a lighting unit (34) which is preferably arranged on the base housing body (10) and which is in particular electrically connected to the line connection means (15).
10. Signalling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a guide arrangement is provided between the base housing body (10) and the upper housing part (11), by means of which the upper housing part (11) is guided at the base housing body (10) during the joining.
11. Signalling device according to claim 10, characterized in that the guide arrangement comprises at least one guide spring (35) and at least one guide groove (36), wherein the guide spring (35) is inserted into the assigned guide groove (36) by joining the upper housing part (11) to the base housing body (10).
12. Signalling device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the guide arrangement has a plurality of guide springs (35) and a plurality of respectively assigned guide grooves (36), wherein at least one guide spring (35') with a different geometry is assigned to at least one guide groove (36') with a correspondingly different geometry, so that the upper housing part (11) can only be arranged on the base housing body (10) if the guide spring (35') with the different geometry is inserted into the guide groove (36') with the different geometry.
13. Signalling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base housing body (10) has a depth (T_G) and wherein the upper housing part (11) has a depth (T_O), wherein in particular the upper housing part (11), when assembled on the base housing body (10), protrudes into the base housing body (10), in particular wherein the ratio of the depth (T_G) of the base housing body (10) to the depth (T_o) of the upper housing part (11) has a value of 1.0 to 4.4, preferably of 1.4 to 4.1 and particularly preferably from 1.45 to 3.0.

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