EP2593613A2 - Système constructif - Google Patents
Système constructifInfo
- Publication number
- EP2593613A2 EP2593613A2 EP11732437.6A EP11732437A EP2593613A2 EP 2593613 A2 EP2593613 A2 EP 2593613A2 EP 11732437 A EP11732437 A EP 11732437A EP 2593613 A2 EP2593613 A2 EP 2593613A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- framework
- elements
- frame
- bracing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of building and construction.
- the invention relates to a building system of ecological buildings and high energy performance, for example individual houses of wood.
- the Grenelle de l'Environstitution has played a leading role in changing the construction models in an effort to save energy.
- each frame element is drawn using a software that controls a cutting machine elements.
- Framing elements are cut and assembled in the workshop according to plans provided by the design office to form walls / panels which are then insulated and barded. The finished walls / panels are then transported to the site where they are mounted together by means of lifting equipment.
- An advantage of this construction technique is that it allows the assembly workshop prefabricated elements sheltered from the weather and requires little labor on the site. In addition, the construction time is reduced compared to the conventional construction method mentioned above.
- a self-supporting three-dimensional structure is described in the patent application FR 2 906 278 in the name of the Applicant.
- This structure consists of perpendicular horizontal and vertical walls, each wall consisting of spaced parallel elements which intersect with the parallel elements of the other walls. The intersections of these walls are sufficient for maintain them while allowing their relative movements allowing the realization of transformable volumes.
- this structure is more suited to the design of non-isolated buildings, such as garden sheds, or for summer occupation.
- the invention particularly aims to overcome these disadvantages of the prior art.
- an object of the invention is to provide a construction system allowing, from elements of small section, a simple, robust and fast assembly of an isolated building structure, on any type of terrain.
- Another object of the invention is to implement a building structure that requires little or no external and internal finishes, and therefore reduces labor and production costs.
- Yet another object of the invention is to implement walls, floors and roofs to form a building structure adapted to different climates (weather resistant and especially waterproof) and which has improved thermal and phonic properties .
- such a system comprises:
- a supporting framework including uprights and cross members, an inner casing frame and an outer casing frame, each casing frame consisting of at least two semi-walls formed from elements parallel to each other and spaced so as to be intercrossed and connected with parallel elements of at least one other half-wall of the same framework, said external framework being assembled around said inner framework, at least some parallel elements of at least one semi-wall of said inner frame and at least some parallel elements of at least one semi-wall of said outer frame intersecting and being connected with at least some uprights and / or sleepers of the supporting frame.
- the invention is based on a completely new and inventive approach to a construction system of a building that consists of erecting a regular and closely spaced frame, of intertwined structural elements to form a structure carrier and the walls of a building.
- These structural elements may be chevrons.
- a first framework called the supporting framework
- a second framework referred to as an internal framework
- a third framework called external framework
- the second and third frames form envelope frames which each consist of several half-walls.
- the walls of the building (walls, ceiling, floor) therefore consist of an inner semi-wall and an outer semi-wall.
- the structural elements of the internal framework intersect with other structural elements of the internal framework and with the structural elements of the supporting framework.
- the structural elements of the external framework intersect with other structural elements of the external framework and with the structural elements of the supporting framework. In fact, by attaching to the supporting frame, the inner and outer frames are interconnected.
- interlocking means in the context of the invention that the parallel elements of an envelope frame interlock or entangle with other elements of the same framework and the supporting framework (or even the other framework of envelope).
- said uprights or posts and said sleepers or beams of the supporting framework consist of rafters, of wood for example, associated with at least one bracing plate, plywood for example.
- the constructive system of a structure of the invention does not require a particular connection system between the walls and the roof, between the walls and the floor, or between the walls between them. Indeed, the numerous contacts generated by the respect of the weft, the intercrossing of the elements of a semi-wall with the elements of another semi-wall, or with those of the supporting structure ensure a rigidity and a stability of the erected structure.
- the constructive system of the invention consists of elements or structural parts which are intended to be connected and assembled so as to form a three-dimensional self-supporting structure, and therefore do not require the implementation of a traditional primary structure structure (including elements of large section, including posts and beams) and complex connectors (only the screws are necessary to bind the elements of the structure of the invention), even if n It is not excluded that such elements are used in a complementary way.
- these elements are intended to form the supporting frame and the internal and external frames of a building, the space between the inner and outer frames may constitute a formwork.
- the frame is such that the spacing between the elements is equal to the section of the elements (in the case where the elements are of square section), or to one of the dimensions of the section of the elements (in the case where the elements are of rectangular section).
- the system of the invention is intended for the construction of variable surface buildings, removable and for various uses. It should be noted that, in a variant, only certain walls of a building can be built according to the principle of the invention, the others being constituted according to a traditional constructive mode.
- the system of the invention also allows the assembly of transportable modules that can be assembled together on the site.
- These prefabricated structural elements are for example in the form of blades or rafters of wood (or reconstituted wood), glulam, or metal profiles, of substantially rectangular section (or square, or other) which play a structural role and a role of interior and exterior finishing.
- Such a self-supporting structure does not require foundations and can be erected on any type of terrain (steep slope, above the water by means of piles as illustrated in FIG. 17), the structure being able to be detached from the ground or not or anchored in the ground.
- a primary or load-bearing structure consisting of an assembly of "composite” beams and columns comprising rafters and plates, made of plywood for example, thus forming the equivalent of beams and U-shaped posts, and
- a secondary structure or formwork (or inner and outer casing frames) forming the walls, the roof and the floor / ground.
- these structural elements constitute an envelope, the connections between the walls between them, with the roof and the floor having sufficient rigidity due to the many crossings and contacts between the structural elements. More specifically, these structural elements associated with bracing panels allow the construction:
- An insulator can be blown between the inner and outer face of the formwork.
- the constituent elements of the envelope structure play a role of interior and exterior facing. Such a solution requires little or no finishing, and therefore reduces the costs of implementation.
- At least one of said half walls of said inner frame further comprises at least one bracing panel.
- bracing panel is, for example, derived from wood (particle board, plywood) and can play a role of vapor barrier.
- a bracing panel may be made of glass, or polycarbonate, or other, and will then have a more limited bracing role.
- At least one of said half-walls of said outer frame further comprises at least one bracing and / or sealing panel, which may in some cases be translucent and then made of glass, or polycarbonate, or other material able to let in light.
- rain guards can be added between the rafters and the bracing panels on which the rafters are fixed.
- an insulator is inserted into said formwork.
- the thermal insulation is inserted between the bracing panels on which
- the insulation will be constituted by a bulk material, which may in some cases be blown into the formwork, the use of bulk material being particularly advantageous since it avoids any cutting operation for a adaptation to the dimensions of the formwork naturally delimited between the envelopes.
- Such a bulk material may be cellulose wadding, glass wool, sheep wool, wood chips, or more specifically cork.
- a self-supporting structure will include a bracing panel supporting rafters parallel to each other and forming an internal face of a floor, the interstices between said rafters being then filled so as to ensure continuity of the surface of said floor and preferably by means of a material with high thermal inertia for storing heat and restoring it.
- the elements forming the uprights, crosspieces, walls and semi-walls are made of wood.
- wood as a building material has many advantages. It is a lightweight material and easy to carry. Its production is compatible with ecological standards, and responds to environmental concerns which now also occupy an important place in the choice of manufacturers.
- FIGS. 16 illustrate the various steps of construction of a structure which has deliberately been chosen of simple form and small dimensions to facilitate the understanding of the invention.
- Figures 1 to 4 illustrate the manufacturing steps of the carrier frame and Figures 5 to 16 the steps of manufacturing the envelope frames;
- Figure 17 shows in perspective the structure of the invention according to a particular embodiment;
- FIGS 18 and 19 show in perspective the structure of the invention according to another particular embodiment
- Fig. 20 is a sectional view of the ground level structure and a wall
- Figure 21 is a sectional view of the structure at the junction of two walls
- Figure 22 is a sectional view of the structure at the level of the roof and a wall.
- FIGS 16 and 17 illustrate an example of a building made according to the construction method of the invention.
- the building is, in these examples, wood frame and residential use. It is substantially parallelepipedal in shape and comprises six faces. This building is intended to be placed on studs or fixed to the ground by appropriate means. It is easily understood that one side of this building serves as a floor or floor (S), another side serves as a ceiling or roof (P) and two other faces (Ml, M2) serve as walls with or without openings.
- the faces M3 and M4 may be closed by windows for example.
- Figures 1 to 4 illustrate the manufacturing steps of the carrier frame and Figures 5 to 16 the steps of manufacturing the envelope frames.
- the parallel elements forming the half-walls of the casing frames are wooden rafters, that is to say elements of small section (5 cm for example), whose section square is identical to the wooden rafters of the supporting structure.
- the frame 100 comprises on a first side a first set of uprights 101 and on a second side a second set of uprights 102 parallel to the uprights 101, the uprights of each set being substantially equidistant and parallel to each other and of length equal.
- These two sets of uprights are connected by two sets of crosspieces 103, 104 perpendicular to the uprights.
- the crosspieces of each set 103, 104 are substantially equidistant and parallel to each other, and of equal length.
- the amounts are connected to the sleepers by screwing or any other appropriate means.
- a set of square-shaped openings is provided at the intersection of the uprights 102 and crosspieces 103 in particular. As will be seen later, these openings allow the passage of chevrons perpendicularly to the plane of the frame 100 in particular.
- the frames 200 and 300 are assembled on the same principle.
- the length of the uprights 202, 203 is smaller than that of the upright 201 so that the uprights 202, 203 do not protrude from the upper transom 204 once the uprights assembled to the struts 204, 205.
- the frames 100, 200, 300 consist of studs and transoms assembled cross.
- the frames 100, 200, 300 are interconnected by several sets of longitudinal longitudinal structural chevrons or crosspieces 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 arranged perpendicular to the planes of the frames 100, 200, 300.
- Both structural chevrons 10 are inserted into the openings formed at the intersection of the uprights 102 and crosspieces 103 of the frame 100 and in identical openings in the frames 200 and 300.
- a clearance of the order of a few millimeters can be provided in a to allow the passage of the longitudinal chevrons in the openings of the frames and to take into account the swelling of the wood.
- the longitudinal chevrons are fixed to the frames by screwing, for example.
- the set of structural chevrons 40 consists of chevrons mounted in two perpendicular planes.
- a carrier structure also called a “supporting framework”, “structural trellis” or “skeleton" of a three-dimensional, parallelepiped-shaped building, which is rigid and self-supporting, and which comprises numerous contacts and intersections, is formed.
- This supporting structure is advantageous in that it does not require the implementation of structural elements of large section, such as planks, bastings.
- Figure 4 can proceed to the establishment of external and internal frames, or frames of envelope, the building by attachment to the supporting structure, according to Figures 5 to 16. More specifically, and according to the principle of the invention, forming a first internal envelope frame and a second outer envelope frame (around the first inner envelope frame) so as to form a formwork on at least one faces of the building.
- the inner and outer frames are spaced 15 or 40 cm, so as to form a formwork for an insulator whose thickness is chosen according to the thermal objectives.
- parallel chevrons Si are fixed on the bracing panel 72 in the same direction as the parallel chevrons S E (in a variant not shown, they may be perpendicular to the parallel chevrons S E ).
- These rafters Si form the internal face of the floor / floor S. It is conceivable to fill the spaces / interstices between these rafters Si so as to ensure continuity of the surface of the ground S.
- the material that fills these spaces / interstices is, for example, a material with high thermal inertia for storing the heat and to restore it.
- parallel and equidistant vertical flanges Mli are arranged between the composite beams 10 and 60 so as to form the inner semi-wall of the wall M1. It will be noted that the lower end of the rafters Mli is housed in the interstices formed between the chevrons Si. According to the same principle, illustrated in particular in FIG. 10, parallel and equidistant vertical chevrons M2i are arranged between the composite beams 30 and 40 so as to form the inner wall of the wall M2, and parallel and equidistant horizontal chevrons Pi are arranged between the composite beams 10 and 30 so as to form the inner wall of the ceiling P.
- plywood bracing panels 80, 90 are attached to the rafters M2i and Pi on the outside of the building.
- Plywood bracing and sealing panels 82 are secured between the posts 101, 201, 301 away from the boards 80 so as to form a form in which an insulator 81 can be inserted by blowing or filling (Figure 12).
- M2 E rafters forming the outer wall of the wall M2 ( Figure 13) and which are perpendicular to M2i rafters.
- parallel and equidistant vertical chevrons M1 E are arranged between the composite beams 10 and 60 so as to form the outer wall of the wall M1.
- the panels 90 are covered with an insulation 91, for example cellulose wadding, on which plywood bracing and sealing panels are available. 92.
- P E chevrons which form the outer wall of the ceiling P are then fixed on the panels 92, perpendicular to the chevrons Pi.
- the external frame consisting of rafters and bracing plates, is an external facing and that the plates of bracing associated or not with a rain screen provide a role of bulwark against bad weather.
- the mounting of the frames is particularly advantageous in that it does not require complex cutting.
- the two frames are assembled by contact and fixing (screwing for example) of rafters, and require no corner piece.
- the edges are formed naturally by the intersection of chevrons of two faces. The cost of mounting the building is therefore reduced.
- the construction method according to the invention has the advantage of allowing the prefabrication in the workshop of rafters and panels, frames, even whole modules, while offering the possibility of making a house or any type of custom building.
- insulating panels can be provided in the formwork, or glass wool or straw bales (the rigidity of such straw bales would allow the whole thing to be contravened, thus avoiding the use of bracing panels).
- Figure 20 is a sectional view of the intersection of the floor S and a wall M2 of a building manufactured according to the construction principle described above.
- the outer half-wall M2 E of the wall M2 consists of vertical structural cladding rafters fixed on at least one bracing and sealing panel 82.
- the inner half-wall M2 1 of the wall M2 consists of fixed horizontal structural chevrons. on at least one windshield end panel 80.
- These inner and outer semi-walls form a formwork sandwiching an insulating 81 blown, the assembly forming the wall of the wall M2.
- the ground S is formed of two semi-walls, the outer semi-wall S E (or under face) comprising parallel structural chevrons fixed on at least one bracing and sealing panel 70, the inner semi-wall Si (or parquet) comprising parallel structural chevrons fixed on at least one end bracing panel 72. These inner and outer semi-walls form a formwork which sandwiches an insulated 71 insufflated, the assembly forming the wall of the ground S.
- Figure 21 is a sectional view of the intersection of two walls M1, M3 of a building manufactured according to the construction principle described above.
- the wall M3 comprises an outer half-wall M3 E consisting of horizontal structural herringbone cladding fixed on at least one bracing and sealing panel 3, the inner half-wall M3i comprising vertical interior finishing structural hinges fixed on at least a thin bracing panel 4.
- the wall Ml comprises an outer half-wall M 1 E made up of vertical structural cladding rafters fixed on at least one bracing and sealing panel 5, the inner half-wall Mli comprising horizontal structural framing hinges fixed on the inside. minus one end panel of bracing 6.
- an insulator 7, 8 respectively is blown between the outer and inner semi-walls.
- Figure 22 is a sectional view of the intersection of a wall M2 and the roof P of a building manufactured according to the construction principle described above.
- the wall M2 comprises an outer half-wall M2 E consisting of horizontal structural herringbone cladding fixed on at least one bracing and sealing panel 82, the inner half-wall M2i comprising vertical interior finishing structural hinges fixed on at least a thin bracing panel 80.
- the roof P comprises an outer half-wall P E consisting of horizontal structural herringbone cladding fixed on a steel tank 92 for sealing the roof P, the inner half-wall Pi comprising horizontal structural chevrons for finishing the plank fixed on at least one bracing panel 90.
- An insulator 81, 91 is blown between the half walls of the wall M2 and the roof P respectively.
- a plywood board 21 on which structural rafters 20 are fixed form a composite beam.
- the dashed circle designates the intersection of the wall M2 and the roof P which naturally generates numerous contacts and, consequently, numerous fixing possibilities and high rigidity.
- the length of the rafters P 3 ⁇ 4 M1 E, M2 E , S E is chosen to form a solar breeze (or awnings) or piles.
- the rafters of the composite beams of the structure illustrated in FIG. 17 are elongated with respect to the rafters of the composite beams of the structure illustrated in FIG. 16.
- the length of the rafters can be chosen solely for aesthetic reasons.
- the principle of construction of the invention also allows the construction of a construction on several levels (multistage in other words). In this case, the upper horizontal wall P is an intermediate floor.
- the rafters of the various frames may have other profile shapes than a square profile, including rectangular profiles or non-parallelepiped profiles, of various sizes.
- the inner and outer shells may be formed by thicker bracing panels, thereby reducing the number of hinges required.
- the wall P (ceiling) is formed of an inner half-wall Pi consisting of at least one panel 93 fixed to the rafters of the structure carrier (the thickness of the panel 93 being greater than that of the panel 90), an outer half-wall consisting of at least one panel 94 attached to the rafters of the carrier structure and some rafters P E.
- the inner frame of the wall M2 consists of a horizontal intermediate chevron 83 and a panel 85 fixed to the rafters of the supporting structure, the external framework of the wall M2 consisting of a horizontal chevron 84 and a panel 86.
- the inner frame of the wall Ml consists of a horizontal chevron 61, a panel 62 attached to the rafters of the supporting structure and parallel vertical chevrons Mli.
- the wall S (ground) consists of an inner semi-wall Si formed of rafters and a bracing plate.
- the construction system of the invention is particularly suitable for the construction of houses, collective dwellings, extensions, offices, verandas, industrial premises and public facilities for example.
- the panels and bracing plates may be in a material other than plywood (particle board, metal plates for example) and that the rafters may be in a material other than wood (for example glulam, reconstituted wood or metal).
- the carrier frame may be a conventional frame type post / beam for example, or consist of an assembly of bastings and laminated beams glued for example.
- the section of the parallel elements forming the half-walls of the casing frames and the section of the rafters of the supporting frame may be different.
- non-parallelepipedic buildings which may for example have a pitched roof or non-rectangular floor surfaces, for example partially triangular or pentagonal, hexagonal or octagonal.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1055803A FR2962743B1 (fr) | 2010-07-16 | 2010-07-16 | Systeme constructif |
PCT/EP2011/061866 WO2012007468A2 (fr) | 2010-07-16 | 2011-07-12 | Système constructif |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2593613A2 true EP2593613A2 (fr) | 2013-05-22 |
EP2593613B1 EP2593613B1 (fr) | 2014-04-09 |
Family
ID=43807118
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11732437.6A Not-in-force EP2593613B1 (fr) | 2010-07-16 | 2011-07-12 | Système de construction d'un bâtiment |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2593613B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2962743B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2012007468A2 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1190145B1 (fr) * | 1999-06-08 | 2007-02-14 | Finn Borg | Construction d'une structure |
FR2906278B3 (fr) * | 2006-09-27 | 2009-06-05 | Gilles Andre Guerry | Structure de parois dont les intersections constituent a elles seules des liaisons mecaniques permetttant la realisation de volumes modulables, autoportants et economiques |
-
2010
- 2010-07-16 FR FR1055803A patent/FR2962743B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-07-12 WO PCT/EP2011/061866 patent/WO2012007468A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2011-07-12 EP EP11732437.6A patent/EP2593613B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2012007468A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2012007468A2 (fr) | 2012-01-19 |
FR2962743B1 (fr) | 2012-09-28 |
FR2962743A1 (fr) | 2012-01-20 |
EP2593613B1 (fr) | 2014-04-09 |
WO2012007468A3 (fr) | 2012-04-19 |
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