Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
  • D06F58/32—Control of operations performed in domestic laundry dryers 
  • D06F58/34—Control of operations performed in domestic laundry dryers  characterised by the purpose or target of the control
  • D06F58/36—Control of operational steps, e.g. for optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry
  • D06F58/38—Control of operational steps, e.g. for optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry of drying, e.g. to achieve the target humidity
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
  • D06F2103/02—Characteristics of laundry or load
  • D06F2103/08—Humidity
  • D06F2103/10—Humidity expressed as capacitance or resistance
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
  • D06F2103/44—Current or voltage
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
  • D06F34/08—Control circuits or arrangements thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
  • D06F34/14—Arrangements for detecting or measuring specific parameters
  • D06F34/18—Condition of the laundry, e.g. nature or weight

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for operating a clothes drying appliance to dry clothes, wherein moisture content of the clothes or laundry is determined by measuring a current running through the clothes.
• the invention also relates to a clothes drying appliance adapted to perform such method.
• a tumble dryer comprises a rotatable drum to contain clothes. To dry moist clothes, the drum is rotated and heated, e.g. by circulating warm air over the clothes. In many tumble dryers, a desired or target moisture content at the end of a drying process or drying cycle can be selected by a user. To achieve the target moisture content, the tumble dryer monitors the moisture content of the clothes and terminates the drying cycle if the target moisture content has been reached. To monitor the moisture content, some tumble dryers use a current sensor that comprises two electrodes within the drum wherein the electrodes are regularly covered by the clothes. A DC voltage is applied to the electrodes. The value of the resulting current through the clothes is related to the moisture content. The moister the clothes are the greater is the current.
• the tumble dryer can use this current value to estimate the moisture content and to control the drying cycle accordingly.
• the use of a current sensor has the disadvantage that the electrodes are subject to clothes electrolysis that deteriorates the electrode material and accelerates aging of the electrodes. Further, the current sensor exhibits adverse spatial polarization effects. Also, the computational effort is rather high. And generally there is a desire for a more accurate estimation of the moisture content to achieve better and more consistent drying results.
• a clothes drying appliance e.g. clothes dryer or combined washing machine and clothes dryer
• a clothes drying appliance e.g. clothes dryer or combined washing machine and clothes dryer
• the object is achieved according to the features of the independent claims attached. Preferred embodiments can be derived, inter alia, from the dependent claims as well as from the subsequent disclosure. It is also noted that preferred embodiments of the method correspond to preferred embodiments of the clothes drying appliance and vice versa, even if not indicated expressly herein.
• the object is achieved by a method for operating a clothes drying appliance to dry clothes, wherein a moisture content of the clothes (as such or by using a representative quantity) is determined by measuring a current running through the clothes wherein an AC voltage signal is applied to the clothes (instead of the DC voltage signal applied up to now).
• the use of the AC voltage signal greatly reduces electrolysis of the electrodes by the constant changes of direction of the current running between the electrodes and polarization effects for improved durability or life expectancy. Spatial polarization effects are mostly eliminated.
• the use of the AC voltage allows for non-complicated computations, as will be explained further below. And also, an accuracy of the estimated moisture content is greatly improved by up to 40% in comparison to contemporarily implemented estimation methods.
• the current measurement is also a measurement of the clothes' electrical conductance.
• an envelope signal of consecutive samples is generated from the measured current.
• the measured current is in general a (substantially) alternating current.
• the samples may in particular comprise a local peak of the measured current within a certain sample time.
• a local peak may be detected by a peak detector (hardware AM demodulator) or by a peak detection software, or by a demodulation in general terms.
• a local peak represents the occasion in which, for the sample time, humid clothes best cover the electrodes and give a relatively best approximation of the actual moisture content. This effect in particular occurs for tumble dryers because, in a tumble dryer, the clothes are perpetually tumbled and thus fall onto the electrodes and disengage themselves again from the electrodes after a certain progress of revolution of the drum.
• the AC voltage signal (also called the 'carrier' or 'carrier signal') has a frequency between 200 Hz and 2000 Hz. More preferred, the AC voltage signal has a frequency between 300 Hz and 800 Hz. Still more preferred the AC voltage signal has a frequency of about 400 Hz.
• the frequencies or frequency ranges thus specified are high enough to prevent polarization effects and electrolysis to occur at the contact points to the clothes, which could distort the proper measurement and which need to be accounted for in any DC measurement as known from prior art.
• the frequencies or frequency ranges thus specified are low enough to avoid occurrence of effects from AC resistances or reactances like inductive and capacitive resistances that might occur in AC circuits.
• the AC voltage signal may preferredly have a frequency of not more than about 450 Hz to 500 Hz; this upper limit is low enough to neglect a capacitance of the clothes. More preferred the AC voltage signal has a frequency of at least about 350 Hz, more preferably of at least about 400 Hz, even more preferably of about 400 Hz. This frequency or frequency range is high enough to prevent electrolysis. The AC voltage signal may have a frequency of not more than about 450 Hz to 500 Hz; this upper limit is low enough to neglect a capacitance of the clothes.
• any appropriate choice of the frequency of the AC voltage signal may avoid any harmonics of a line frequency presented by a supply network that delivers power to the appliance. Accordingly, exact choices of frequencies like 350 Hz, 400 Hz, and 450 Hz, for the case of a 50 Hz supply network or frequencies like 360 Hz, 420 Hz, and 480 Hz, for the case of a 60 Hz supply network may not be favored.
• the AC voltage signal is DC filtered (a possible DC portion is eliminated) to enhance accuracy of the measurement.
• an envelope signal of consecutive samples is generated from the measured current.
• the samples may in particular comprise a local peak of the measured current within a certain sample time.
• a local peak may be detected by a peak detector (hardware AM demodulator) or by a peak detection software, or by a demodulation in general terms.
• a local peak represents the occasion in which, for the sample time, humid clothes best cover the electrodes and give a relatively best approximation of the actual moisture content. This effect in particular occurs for tumble dryers because, in a tumble dryer, the clothes are perpetually tumbled and thus fall onto the electrodes and disengage themselves again from the electrodes after a certain progress of revolution of the drum.
• the samples may preferably be sampled within a predetermined sample time to achieve a well-defined time relation.
• the sample time may in particular be determined such that the known Nyquist criterion is satisfied.
• the sample time may be two times shorter (or even less) than the time between clothes hitting the electrodes.
• the sample frequency may particularly be two times or more the expected frequency of the laundry or clothes hitting the electrodes. This limits a systematic error margin.
• n is a positive number, e.g. 64, 128 or 256.
• This embodiment uses the effect that, in a tumble dryer, because of the perpetual tumbling, the electrodes are sometimes only partly or lightly covered (which results in a low current not representing the true moisture content of the clothes) and sometime well covered (representing the true moisture content of the clothes well).
• the extraction of the maximum value achieves that only a best approximation of the real moisture content of the clothes from the group of n samples is used for further computation. This enhances accuracy and gives a particularly robust measurement.
• a series of maximum values is generated during a drying cycle.
• an even more accurate computation of the moisture content is possible by using compositions of two or more maximum values.
• curve fits can be used.
• the series may in particular come from continuous extraction of maximum values from a consecutive series of n consecutive samples.
• the series of the maximum values is passed through a logarithmic filter to give a series of filtered values.
• the filtered value is a particular useful and accurate representative of a moisture content of the clothes.
• the logarithmic filter converts a basically logarithmic relation between the moisture content and the time into a linear relationship. The linear relationship or straight line is easier to use for determining the occurrence of a certain incident, e.g. determining when the target moisture content has been reached.
• the integer m may be called a series index or series number and preferably has a defined relation to the time t at which the maximum value has been sampled. Relation (1 ) has been found to give a particularly good compromise between easy computation and good accuracy.
• f(x) is a function that transforms a filtered value y (y(m) or y(t)) into a value of the moisture content G and that may be determined e.g. by experiments.
• the function f may be stored e.g. by means of a characteristic line and/or in a look-up table.
• the object is also achieved by a clothes drying appliance, wherein the clothes drying appliance is adapted to perform the method as described above.
• an AC voltage generator generating an AC voltage
• at least one electrode being connected to at least one output port of the AC voltage generator, the at least one electrode being coverable by the clothes
• a control circuit functionally connected to the at least one electrode for determining a representative or representative quantity of a moisture content of the clothes from a measured AC current between the electrodes.
• a DC voltage cut-off means is connected between the AC voltage generator and the at least one electrode. This eliminates a possible DC portion of the carrier signal and enhances an accuracy of the humidity determination.
• a current probe is connected between the at least one electrode and the control circuit.
• a peak detector is connected between the at least one electrode and the control circuit.
• the peak detector which may be implemented in hardware or software can determine the maximum values of the AC current
• the electrodes may be inserted or arranged in a bearing-shield of the dryer, in particular a lowest section of the bearing shield.
• the electrodes may be coated by a non-metallic material, e.g. a plastic.
• the electrodes may be moulded into the bearing shield, e.g. overmoulded by the bearings shield's plastic material.
• Fig.1 shows a block diagram of a possible implementation of a moisture content detection of a clothes drying appliance
• Fig.2 shows process steps to determine a moisture content of clothes to be dried in a clothes drying appliance
• Fig.3 shows a diagram depicting one possible result from the process of fig.2;
• Fig.4 shows a sectional side view of a clothes drying appliance in form of a tumble dryer.
• Fig.1 sketches a possible implementation of a moisture content detection of a clothes drying appliance represented by a tumble dryer 1.
• Fig.2 shows process steps to detect a moisture content of clothes to be dried in a clothes drying appliance.
• the tumble dryer 1 comprises a control circuit in form of a controller 2, e.g. a micro- controller, for controlling operation of the tumble dryer 1 , in particular a drying cycle.
• the controller 2 inter alia controls operation of an AC voltage generator 3.
• the voltage generator 3 generates an AC voltage signal (step S1 ) of a frequency of about 400 Hz. This frequency has the advantage that it is high enough to prevent electrolysis but is low enough to neglect a capacitance of clothes 6.
• the AC voltage is about 5 Volts which corresponds to an operation voltage V pp of the controller 2 and is thus particularly easy to generate.
• the AC voltage generator 3 On its output side the AC voltage generator 3 is coupled to a DC cut-off means 4 (or DC filter).
• a DC cut-off means 4 or DC filter.
• the AC voltage signal from the AC voltage generator 3 is DC filtered (step S2) to remove any DC portion that could deteriorate the accuracy.
• the AC voltage signal may, in particular be a square (or quasi-sine) wave which is particularly suitable for creating a temporarily constant voltage level for easier analysis or interpretation.
• a square (or quasi-sine) wave which is particularly suitable for creating a temporarily constant voltage level for easier analysis or interpretation.
• other waveforms may be used.
• the output side of the DC cut-off means 4 is coupled to two electrodes 5 that are part of a current probe and that are located on a lower apex of a bearing shield of the tumble dryer 1.
• the coupling can be implemented by both electrodes 5 being connected to the DC cut- off means 4 by lines or by only one of the electrodes connected to the DC cut-off means 4 by a line and the other electrode 5 being electrically coupled to the DC cut-off means 4 by indirect means, e.g. by being connected to a common voltage level, e.g. ground.
• a DC-filtered AC voltage signal is applied to the clothes 6 by the electrodes 5 (step S3).
• the electrodes 5 are regularly covered by different clothes 6 (laundry) tumbled within a rotatable drum of the tumble dryer 1 . If the clothes 6 cover the electrodes 5, a current flows through the clothes 6 between the electrodes 5 thanks to the water (moisture) contained in the clothes 6. The moister the clothes 6 are the higher is the current. In other words, the carrier signal's AC current is heavily modulated by the laundry's conductance: when the laundry has temporarily good contact with the electrodes 5, the current is high. This current is detected or sensed by the current probe.
• the two electrodes 5 are functionally coupled to a current-to-voltage (CV) converter 7 for easier computation.
• the current probe may be omitted, and the electrodes 5 may directly be connected to the CV converter 7.
• the CV converter 7 is coupled to a peak detector 8.
• the peak detector 8 may be implemented in hardware (e.g. in a respective integrated circuit) or in software (e.g. within the controller 2).
• the peak detector 8 detects a peak of the current (esp. of the absolute value of the current) over a predetermined period of time, the sample time, for consecutive sample times (step S4).
• the peak or sample represents the occasion in which humid clothes best cover the electrodes over the sample time. They give a relatively best approximation of the real moisture content within the sample time.
• the peak detector 8 detects a string or chain of (local, over the sample time) peaks or samples. This string of peaks forms a respective envelope signal (step S5).
• the envelope signal is a representative of the spatially temporary conductance of the clothes 6.
• the envelope is or the samples or peaks are sampled frequently enough to satisfy the known Nyquist criterion.
• the sample time is so short that the Nyquist criterion is satisfied.
• the sample frequency may be two times or more than the expected frequency of the laundry or clothes 6 hitting the electrodes 5. This limits a sample error margin.
• the peak detector 8 is connected to the controller 2 (e.g. via an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) which may be part of the controller 2) which computes the string of samples. It is a first computational step (step S6) to determine, from the envelope signal, a maximum value of n consecutive samples or peaks with n being a positive number. The determination or extraction of the maximum value achieves that only a best approximation of the real moisture content of the clothes from a group of n peaks is used for further computation for enhanced accuracy.
• ADC analog-to-digital converter
• a series of maximum values is generated (step S7) that is passed through a logarithmic filter to give a series of filtered values (step S8).
• the logarithmic filter converts a basically logarithmic relation between the moisture content and the time into a linear relationship.
• the linear relationship or straight line is easier to use for determining the occurrence of a certain incident, e.g. determining when a predetermined target moisture content has been reached.
• other filters may also be used.
• This relation has been found to give a particularly good compromise between easy computation and good accuracy.
• the filtered values y(m) may be directly used as representative values of the moisture content of the clothes 6 to control a drying cycle of the tumble dryer 1.
• the filtered values y(m) may also be translated into (physical) values of the moisture content G of the clothes 6, e.g. by using a experimentally of computationally predetermined characteristic curve or relation.
• the filtered values y(m) may be compared to a target value yend for reaching a target moisture content Gend at the end of a drying cycle, and the drying cycle may be stopped if this target value yend is reached or exceeded.
• Fig.3 shows a diagram depicting one possible string of filtered values y(m) over time t.
• the values y(m) substantially form a straight line or curve C1 that is pointed downward.
• Fig.4 shows the tumble dryer 1 in a sectional side view.
• the tumble dryer 1 comprises an outer housing 9 in which a drum 10 is rotatably mounted.
• the drum 10 can be rotated by means of a motor 1 1 which is connected to the rear of the drum 10 via a shaft 12.
• the front of the drum 10 comprises an opening 13, a rim of which is rotatably inserted into a bearing shield 14.
• the bearing shield 14 is also connected to the housing 9 at an opening 15 of the housing 9.
• the openings 13 and 15 (that form a loading opening to load and retrieve clothes 6 into and from, respectively, the drum 10) can be closed by a door 16.
• the electrodes 5 are inserted or arranged in the bearing shield 14, here at a lowest section of the bearing shield 14.
• the electrodes 5 are coated by a non-metallic material, e.g. a plastic.
• the electrodes are in particular moulded into the bearing shield 14, e.g. overmoulded by the bearings shield's plastic material.
• the invention is not limited to the preferred embodiment as described above.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Control Of Washing Machine And Dryer (AREA)
• Detail Structures Of Washing Machines And Dryers (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
• Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-07-13 EP EP10169428A patent/EP2407590A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2011
  • 2011-06-30 EP EP11728277.2A patent/EP2593601B1/de active Active
  • 2011-06-30 PL PL11728277T patent/PL2593601T3/pl unknown
  • 2011-06-30 CN CN201180034288.9A patent/CN103080411B/zh active Active
  • 2011-06-30 WO PCT/EP2011/060977 patent/WO2012007283A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2011-06-30 EA EA201291425A patent/EA023295B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation

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