Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
  • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
  • B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
  • B32B37/22—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of both discrete and continuous layers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
  • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
  • F05B2230/80—Repairing, retrofitting or upgrading methods
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
  • F05B2230/90—Coating; Surface treatment
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
  • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/18—Longitudinally sectional layer of three or more sections
  • Y10T428/183—Next to unitary sheet of equal or greater extent
  • Y10T428/187—Continuous sectional layer

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a hydraulic machine component, at least one surface of which is covered with a layer of protective coating against erosion.
• the composite material is applied in several successive layers of relatively low thicknesses, for example of the order of 400 micrometers ( ⁇ )
• the risk of sagging would be mitigated but the appearance of orange peel would remain.
• an application of the material in several layers would induce a strong degradation of the adhesion of this material, this adhesion being dependent, inter alia, on the application time between two successive layers of material. This would result in a risk of localized detachment of part of the protective layer.
• the invention intends to remedy more particularly by proposing a new method of manufacturing a hydraulic machine component which is simpler to implement and provides a better surface finish than the known methods.
• the invention relates to a method of protection against erosion of a hydraulic machine component of which at least one left surface is covered with a protective coating layer.
• This method comprises at least steps consisting of:
• the manufacture of the protective coating layer which equips one of the surfaces of a hydraulic machine component takes place in several successive stages, of which step a) can take place several weeks before direct action. on the component.
• This preliminary step can be carried out in a dedicated workshop, under well-adapted conditions, which makes it possible to obtain a completely satisfactory surface state of the outer face of the coating layer intended to interact with the forced flow. crossing the hydraulic machine.
• a "mirror" type surface condition can be obtained because the polymerized synthetic material plate can be prepared flat, which avoids the risk of sagging.
• erosion covers abrasion and wear by cavitation and / or corrosion.
• such a method may incorporate one or more of the following features, taken in any technically permissible combination:
• the plate is made from a pre-polymer base, in particular of the isocyanate type partially copolymerized with at least one polyol and / or an amine, and a hardener, in particular of the isocyanate type.
• the pre-polymer base advantageously comprises at least one fluidizing or dispersing agent and / or a filler.
• the plate is made with a thickness of between 0.5 and 3 mm, preferably between 1 and 2 mm.
• the method comprises a step d), intermediate between steps a) and b), storing the plate for finalizing the polymerization.
• the storage step takes place for several weeks, preferably at least two months.
• the plates are made with a thickness of between 0.5 and 3 mm, preferably between 1 and 2 mm.
• the method comprises a step e), prior to step c), of applying a layer of primer on the surface of the component to be coated with the erosion protection coating layer, whereas, when step c), the plate is put in place by contacting the adhesive layer and the primer layer.
• the primer is applied with a thickness of between 20 and 100 ⁇ , preferably of the order of 50 ⁇ .
• the method comprises a step f) subsequent to steps b) and e) in which the maturing of the adhesive and the primer is expected, before the establishment of the plates in step c).
• the adhesive is applied with a thickness of between 20 and 150 ⁇ , preferably between 50 and 70 ⁇ .
• the adhesive applied in step b) is polyurethane or polyurethane-based, polyester-type or polyester-based, or cyanoacrylate type or cyanoacrylate.
• step a) Several plates are prepared during step a) and, during step c), these adhesive-coated plates are placed edge-to-edge on the surface of the component, possibly covered with the primer layer.
• the invention also relates to a hydraulic machine component at least some of the surfaces intended to be wetted by a forced flow of water through the machine are covered with a layer of protective coating plate (s) prepared by polymerization before their placed on these surfaces, this protective layer being preferably affixed according to a method as mentioned above.
• the plates can have a hardness of 72 shore, with an elastic elongation capacity of about 400% and a breaking stress, according to standard NF T 46-002, of 28 megapascals and a resistance tear, according to the standard
• the invention relates to an installation for converting hydraulic energy into electrical or mechanical energy, or vice versa, this installation comprising a hydraulic machine, a water supply pipe and at least one component of which at least one surface is leached. by a flow of water passing through the installation.
• This installation is characterized in that the component is as mentioned above.
• FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of an installation according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a view on a larger scale corresponding to the portion of the wheel of the installation of FIG. 1 forming detail II in this figure, during a first step of a manufacturing process
• FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2, although on a smaller scale, during a third following step of the process,
• FIG. 4 is a sectional section, on a larger scale, according to plane P4 in FIG. 3,
• FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 during a step of the process subsequent to that of FIG. 3;
• FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a director of the installation of FIG. 1 during a first step of her manufacturing process
• Figure 7 is a perspective view similar to Figure 6 in a subsequent step of its manufacturing process.
• the installation 1 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a Francis turbine 2 whose wheel 3 is fed from a tarpaulin 4 into which a forced pipe 5 opens.
• the turbine 2 also comprises a shaft 6 on which the wheel 3 is mounted. and which rotates with it about a vertical axis X 6 , this axis also being a longitudinal axis of the shaft 6.
• the shaft 6 is rotationally integral with another shaft 7 forming a drive member of a alternator 8.
• the installation 1 converts hydraulic energy into electrical energy.
• the alternator 8 can be replaced by a mechanical device, in which case the installation 1 converts the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.
• a series of front-guides 9 and guides 1 1 whose function is to guide a flow E coming from the pipe 5 and the tarpaulin 4 and intended to pass through the wheel 3, towards a suction duct 12.
• the wheel 3 comprises vanes 31 which extend between a ceiling 32 and a belt 33.
• Each vane 31 extends between a leading edge 312 and a trailing edge 314 with two lateral surfaces which extend between the edge attack and the trailing edge.
• One of these surfaces is visible, with reference 316, in FIGS. 2 to 5.
• the surface 316 and the opposite surface, which extends on the other side of the vane 31 relative to that shown in Figures 2 to 5, are leached by the flow E when the installation 1 operates.
• the flow E flows along the surfaces 316 and equivalents with a speed greater than or equal to 20 meters per second (m / s).
• a layer 50 of erosion protection coating is affixed to these surfaces, 316 and the like.
• the primary used on this occasion is a mixture of isocyanate and polyol.
• the layer 100 of primer is applied to the gun with a thickness of between 20 and 100 ⁇ , preferably of the order of 50 ⁇ .
• the manufacture of sheets of polymerized synthetic material is provided in advance, in sufficient numbers and with sufficient unit areas to cover all of the side surfaces 316 and equivalent of the blades 31.
• Four of these plates are shown in FIG. 4 with the reference 300 coated with 200, before being placed on the surface 316 of the blade 31, coated with the layer 100.
• Each plate 300 is prefabricated by polymerizing a prepolymer base, which may be of isocyanate type partially copolymerized with at least one polyol and / or an amine, with an isocyanate type hardener.
• a prepolymer base which may be of isocyanate type partially copolymerized with at least one polyol and / or an amine, with an isocyanate type hardener.
• one or more fluidizing and / or dispersing agents are integrated in the pre-polymer base, as well as one or more fillers, for example a ceramic filler, of the titanium nitride, nanopowder or other type.
• One or more catalysts may also be used in the manufacture of the plates 300.
• the material constituting the plates 300 is of polyurethane type.
• the plates 300 can be prepared several weeks before being placed on the side surfaces 316 of the blades 31.
• the plates 300 are made with a thickness e 3 oo of between 0.5 and 3 mm. Quite satisfactory results are anticipated with plates having a thickness of between 1 and 2 mm.
• the constituent materials of the plates 300 namely the base and the hardener, are mixed in a weight ratio of about 2/3 for the base and 1/3 for the hardener. They are then poured into a mold placed flat. A polymerization reaction is then obtained which leads to the production of the plates 300.
• the plates are then left to rest for several weeks, preferably for at least two months, in order to obtain a complete setting in the thickness of the plates. and the end of the polymerization reaction.
• the preparation step and the storage step of the plates 300 take place flat, in a protected environment, so that the face 302 of each plate 300 which is intended to be oriented towards the flow E once the plate 300 mounted on the wheel 3 may have a well-controlled surface state, in particular of smooth type or "mirror".
• each of these plates can be handled by hand, without risk of being polluted or to see its mechanical properties and its surface condition damaged by surrounding dust.
• the plates 300 At the end of their preparation and their complete setting, the plates 300 have a shore hardness of 72 Shore, with an elastic elongation capacity of about 400%.
• each plate 300 may have a length of the order of 2 meters (m) and a width of the order of 500 mm.
• each plate 300 intended to be turned towards the surface 316 is spray-coated with a layer 200 of adhesive material.
• This adhesive material is advantageously a polyurethane. However, it may be another material such as polyester, cyanoacrylate or a material based on polyurethane, polyester or cyanoacrylate.
• cyanoacrylate is used in its usual sense and refers to methyl 2-cyanoacrylate.
• the layer 200 of adhesive is applied with a thickness e 2 oo of between 20 and 150 ⁇ , preferably between 50 and 70 ⁇ . In FIG. 4, the thickness e 2 oo is exaggerated to facilitate the identification of the layer of adhesive 200.
• the adhesive layer 200 is also applied to some or all of the edges or slices 306 of the plates 300.
• each plate 300 coated with the adhesive layer 200 is put in place. on the surface 316 or equivalent of a blade 31 coated with the layer 100. Then pushing the face 304 of each layer towards the surface 316, which brings into contact the layers 100 and 200.
• one or more of the plates 300 can be cut to follow the edge 322 of junction between the blade 31 and the ceiling 32 or the edge 332 of junction between the blade 31 and the belt 33.
• the layer 200 of adhesive is applied with a thickness e 2 oo of between 20 and 150 ⁇ , preferably between 50 and 70 ⁇ .
• the choice of materials constituting the layers of primer 100 and adhesive 200 ensures that the layer 200 adheres firmly to the layer 100, which ensures the holding in position of each plate 300 on the blade 31.
• the arrows Fi show the positioning movement of the plates 300 on the surface 316, whereas the dotted lines L 300 delimit the position provided for the different plates 300.
• the use of these dotted lines is optional. They facilitate the installation of the plates 300 serving as a reference to the operator.
• Their geometry is adapted to that of the surface 316 by marouflage or any other suitable technique.
• the viscosity of the layers 100 and 200 is sufficient to prevent sliding of the plates 300 vis-à-vis -vis dawn 31 once the plates 300 lined with the adhesive layer 200 placed on the layer 100.
• the plates 300 in place simply wait between 48 and 96 hours (h) before putting the wheel 3 in use.
• a director 1 1 may also be equipped with a layer 50 of erosion protection coating formed of plates 400 of polymerized synthetic material.
• the outer surface 1 16 of the director 1 1 is previously coated with a primer layer 100, before the plates 400 previously coated with a layer of adhesive 200, on a face 404 intended to be turned towards the director, do not are affixed to the layer 100, after ripening of these layers.
• the plates 400 extend over the surface 102 of the director 10 so as to cover its leading edge 1 12. It is also noted in this figure that the plates 400 do not completely cover the surface 1 16. It is however possible to provide a complete recovery of this surface by plates 400.
• the layer 200 is represented during application, which reveals the face 404 of one of the plates 400.
• the adhesive layer 200 can also be applied to certain plate edges 406. 400, in particular the upper edge of the lower plate 400 and / or the lower edge of the upper plate 400.
• the plates 400 together form the protective layer 50 of the surface 1 16 against erosion.
• the plates 400 are manufactured in the same way as the plates 300 and have substantially the same properties.
• the plates 300 and 400 are sufficiently flexible to adapt to the left geometry of the surfaces 1 16 and 316 which are left, in particular not developable.
• the installation 1 may be protected by a layer of protective coating plates implemented according to the invention.
• the surfaces of the ceiling 32 and the belt 33 which are oriented towards the blades 31 may be equipped with plates similar to the plates 300.
• the front-guides 9 may also be equipped with plates of the type of the plates 400 shown in FIG. 7.
• the invention is particularly advantageous in the case of the rehabilitation of an existing installation 1. Indeed, insofar as the geometry of the wheel 3, fore-guidelines 9 or guidelines 10 is known before intervention on site, plates 300, 400 and equivalent can be prepared in a suitable number, in the two months preceding stopping the installation. When shutting down the installation, the entire wheel 3 can be blasted and the layers of primer 100 and adhesive 200 can be applied before rapid placement of the plates 300 and / or 400 on the surfaces to be protected against erosion. Since the intervention on the wheel 3 is relatively fast, there is no risk of oxidation of the metal and sandblasting or grinding can take place over a large area.
• the plates 300 or 400 have undergone a storage step of several weeks, they can be described as "inert” in that the polymerization reaction is complete, so that they are not likely to be damaged by damage. the dust when they are placed on the wheel 3 or the guides 1 1 and during the drying of the adhesive layer 200 before the plant is filled with water 1.
• primer layer 100 is not mandatory and it is conceivable to apply the adhesive layer 200 directly to the surface 1 16, 316 or equivalent of a component 3 , 1 1 or other.
• the plates 300 and 400 are shown with straight-field edges. Alternatively, these edges can be beveled. In this case, the edge of one plate may cover the edge of another adjacent plate. The adhesive layer then extends between these two edges.
• the invention applies to any hydraulic machine component, whether this component is mobile or fixed.
• the invention can be used in a turbine of any known type, such as Francis, Kaplan, bulb, etc., in a pump or in a pump-turbine.
• the plant converts mechanical or electrical energy into hydraulic energy.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
• Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2010
  • 2010-06-24 FR FR1055051A patent/FR2961820B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-06-21 US US13/806,714 patent/US20130139494A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-06-21 CA CA2802659A patent/CA2802659C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-06-21 EP EP11736424.0A patent/EP2585709A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-06-21 CN CN2011800383060A patent/CN103201505A/zh active Pending
  • 2011-06-21 PE PE2012002478A patent/PE20131149A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2011-06-21 WO PCT/FR2011/051428 patent/WO2011161374A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2011-06-24 AR ARP110102215A patent/AR081662A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2012
  • 2012-12-20 CL CL2012003608A patent/CL2012003608A1/es unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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