EP2585396B1 - Clamping and pulling device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a clamping and pulling device for cyclically pulling the hoisting ropes selectively one of the dreams of a hoistway comprising clamping elements fixed in the longitudinal direction of the hoisting ropes and slidably arranged clamping elements, wherein in each case two opposing, displaceable clamping elements in pairs the hoisting rope comprising a non-positive contact pressure on the hoisting rope cause at least one wedged clamping surface with wedge tip pointing upwards and at least one wedged clamping surface with wedge tip pointing down on each fixed and on each sliding clamping element and a drive for reciprocating the sliding clamping elements.

The pulling of hoisting ropes for the purpose of relieving the ropes with the aid of a clamping and pulling devices is required, for example, when changing the rope, removing and installing conveyors and cable harnesses, as well as during repairs.

A method for the cyclical extraction of a hoisting rope for the purpose of relieving the ropes in a hoistway by means of a clamping and pulling device is in the DE 33 44 231 C2 described. In the method, a clamping device is fixedly arranged in the one run and a clamping and pulling device in the other run. The movably arranged clamping and traction device is, for example, reciprocated with lifting cylinders along the conveying ropes in the strand to pull out the conveying rope. The stationary clamping device and the movable clamping and pulling device can also be arranged one above the other in the same strand.

From the DE 39 36 845 C1 is a clamping and pulling device known, with a pulling the load is possible regardless of the effective direction of the load in the hoisting rope without costly conversion of the device. This generic clamping and traction device is provided with slidably fixed in the longitudinal direction of the hoisting ropes and displaceable by adjusting cylinders, which in pairs cause the hoisting rope comprising a non-positive contact pressure on the hoist rope and between each of which recesses are used to shorten the necessary stroke, further between the opposing movable clamping wedges and the fixed clamping wedges two rolling elements are arranged. The recesses serve as rest positions in which the rolling elements are when the movable clamping wedges of the clamping and pulling device are completely open and therefore hang the hoisting ropes freely. The recesses are required to limit the path of movement of the slidable clamping wedges for a sufficient clamping effect. Without the recesses also an extremely long path of movement would be required to provide a sufficient distance between the clamping members for the immersion of the hoisting ropes.

The wedged clamping surfaces of the movable clamping wedges and the fixed clamping wedges are divided in the longitudinal direction of the hoisting rope alternately in clamping surfaces with downwardly facing and upwardly pointing wedge tips. On the outer sides of the wedged clamping surfaces of the movable clamping wedges, the fixed clamping wedges and the recesses continuous gears are arranged, engage in the gears which are rotatably mounted with respect to the rolling elements. To ensure the engagement of the teeth, the movable clamping wedges are provided with bolts, which are guided in a profile groove.

A major disadvantage of the known clamping and traction device consists in their large height. Another disadvantage is the high space requirement of cooperating on the rolling elements clamping wedges, especially at high loads. All clamping forces between the clamping wedges are absorbed and transmitted by the only two rolling elements, which must have large diameters at high loads in order to be able to absorb the load without damage and permanently. The known clamping and pulling device can therefore not be used in shaft conveyor systems with high cable loads and low cable distances.

If the known clamping and pulling device nevertheless used at low cable distances and high cable loads, the clamping wedges must be made extremely slim. This carries the risk of a failure of individual engaged wedge with the result that the hoist rope loses its grip and can fall into the shaft. This will not only cause significant damage to property, but may also cause personal injury.

Based on this prior art, the invention is based on the object to provide a clamping and pulling device of the type mentioned, which has a lower height and is suitable for use on shaft conveyor systems with high rope loads at low cable distances.

This object is achieved in a clamping and pulling device of the type mentioned above in that the wedged clamping surfaces are arranged with upwardly facing wedge tip and pointing down wedge tip on each clamping element transverse to the longitudinal direction of the hoisting rope side by side.

Unlike the prior art, the wedged clamping surfaces are no longer in the longitudinal direction of the hoisting rope one behind the other, but arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the hoisting rope next to each other. The thus formed wedge elements form an opposite "parallel wedge system". The self-locking of the clamping elements is based on the ratio of the wedge angle of the opposing clamping surfaces to the coefficients of friction on the conveying cable and between the cooperating, opposing clamping surfaces.

The reduced height of the clamping and pulling device according to the invention reduces the space required in the scaffold or tower, thereby reducing the cost of the construction of the scaffold or tower or a retrofitted installation is only possible in an existing scaffold or tower.

Another advantage of the clamping elements according to the invention is that the geometry of the clamping surfaces over the prior art can be simple. The clamping surfaces are formed in the simplest case as planes without the need for complex transition areas, as required in the prior art.

In order to increase the clamping safety of the hoisting rope, in an advantageous embodiment of the invention between each wedged clamping surface with upward pointing wedge tip and the opposite wedged clamping surface with downward pointing wedge tip, hereinafter also referred to as clamping surface set, each arranged a plurality of rolling elements. The rolling friction of the rolling elements is generally lower than the direct sliding friction between the wedged clamping surfaces by a power of ten.

The clamping forces required at high loads in the hoisting rope can be taken over in this embodiment of the invention by a plurality of rolling elements between the clamping surfaces of a clamping surface set. As a result, is at high loads, no increase in the diameter of the rolling elements required to accommodate the high loads harmless and durable can. As a result, the clamping and pulling device according to the invention can be used with the use of advantageous rolling friction even at high cable loads and low cable distances.

Structurally advantageous, the plurality of rolling elements between the clamping surfaces of a clamping surface set in a Wälzkörperkäfig be supported, which is attached to the fixed or displaceable clamping elements.

The Wälzkörperkäfig can for example consist of two elongated flat profiles, between which the rolling elements are mounted. The distance between the flat profiles corresponds approximately to the width of the clamping surfaces of the clamping surface set. The complex, required in the prior art arrangement of gears on the rolling elements, which engage in corresponding gears according to the invention completely eliminated. As rolling elements standard components can be used. Since the rolling elements are wearing parts, they can be exchanged and / or maintained particularly easily when combined in a rolling element cage.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, each clamping element on three wedged clamping surfaces, wherein the clamping elements with the help of two of the clamping surfaces the rope load in one direction and by means of one of the clamping surfaces intercept the rope load in the opposite direction. The two clamping surfaces associated rolling elements are due to the smaller width of the two clamping surfaces less long than the wider clamping surface associated rolling elements. As a result, an overload of the clamping elements is avoided. The two co-rotating clamping surfaces that receive the rope load in the first direction are left and right of the arranged opposite counter-clamping surface which receives the rope load in the opposite direction.

In order to effect an effective guidance of the hoisting rope between each two oppositely displaceable clamping elements and non-positive contact pressure to the hoisting rope, it is provided in an advantageous embodiment of the clamping and pulling device that each displaceable clamping element has a flat boundary surface, the flat boundary surfaces of the oppositely displaceable clamping elements are arranged at a distance parallel to each other, starting from the flat boundary surfaces in each displaceable clamping element in each case a running in the longitudinal direction of the hoist rope groove is introduced, which is part-circular in cross-section and extending over the entire length of the flat boundary surface and the grooves in opposite sliding clamping elements together aligned.

Preferably, the grooves in the oppositely displaceable clamping elements positively receive in each case a cylindrical guide part of a two-part guide element for the conveying cable, wherein each guide part is pivotable about a vertical axis parallel to Nutverlauf in the groove. In each guide part, a Seilbettungsnut is introduced to the hoisting rope, which can be brought flush to the conveyor rope to the plant. To accommodate the hoisting rope, the cylindrical guide members of the guide member are opened by rotation about their vertical axes to move the clamping and traction device in the direction of the hoisting rope transverse to its longitudinal extent, each hoisting rope passing laterally between the flat boundary surfaces of opposing sliding clamping elements. In this lateral immersion of the conveyor cables between the boundary surfaces close the cylindrical guide parts inevitably and get to the Seilbettungsnut flush to the plant. After a slight vertical displacement of the displaceable clamping elements, the required initial clamping is brought about. The rope load acting in the same direction continues to move the displaceable clamping element until a self-locking jamming occurs when the conveying rope is compressed. Since the displaceable clamping elements come with a slight vertical movement in the cable direction directly to the hoisting rope to the system, which are required in the already known clamping and pulling device recesses in the wedged clamping surfaces are not needed.

Due to the merely positive reception of the two-part guide element in the grooves of the displaceable clamping elements, the guide element can be easily replaced. This allows for an embodiment of the guide element as a wearing part. Furthermore, the guide element can be adapted by introducing different sized Seilbettungsnuten to different diameters of the hoisting ropes. Finally, a rope-friendly jamming of the hoisting ropes can be effected by the choice of material of the guide parts. In particular, bearing metal comes into consideration. This is an alloy of lead, tin, antimony and copper, which is particularly advantageous for plain bearings. Due to the relatively low hardness and compressive strength of the bearing metals is preferably only the Seilbettungsnut of bearing metal.

In order to prevent the cylindrical guide members from sliding out of the grooves of the clamping elements with open clamping elements of the clamping and pulling device, a collar is arranged in an advantageous embodiment of the invention on each guide part at least on its top surface. Preferably, there is also at the base of each guide part a covenant. The federal government at the Deck surface is on top of the sliding clamping elements. In order to prevent sliding out of the guide members from the respective groove transversely to the longitudinal direction of the hoisting rope and to ensure an always same pivotal movement of only positively received by the grooves guide parts is provided in an advantageous embodiment of the invention that the federal government funds for guiding the pivoting movement of the Has guide part in the respective groove. As a guide means, for example, a arranged on the top of the federal government pen into consideration, which engages in a pivoting movement predetermining guide slot.

In order to guide the movement of the displaceable clamping parts, each displaceable clamping part is guided by means of at least one bolt in a profile groove in the frame of the clamping and pulling device. The frame of the clamping and pulling device preferably comprises a removable front plate and a rear frame-like plate, wherein the profile groove is preferably introduced into the removable front panel. Between the plates, the fixed and movable wedge elements are arranged. The profile groove is preferably formed such that the clamping elements always have their greatest distance from one another in the vertical middle position along their displacement path in the direction of the conveying cable. From the vertical middle position, the movable clamping elements can be moved by means of the drive in the direction of the hoisting rope both upwards and downwards.

Figur 1

eine isometrische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Klemm- und Zugvorrichtung,

Figur 2

eine Vorderansicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Klemm- und Zugvorrichtung für drei Förderseile mit abgenommenen Frontblechen,

Figur 3

eine Aufsicht auf die Klemm- und Zugvorrichtung nach Figur 2 jedoch mit montierten Frontblechen,

Figur 4

eine isometrische Darstellung eines Führungsteils eines zweiteiligen Führungselementes der erfindungsgemäßen Klemm- und Zugvorrichtung,

Figur 5

eine teilweise Seitenansicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Klemm- und Zugvorrichtung entsprechend Figur 2 mit den Schnittlinien A-A und B-B,

Figur 6

eine Darstellung entlang der Schnittlinie A-A nach Figur 5 in einer ersten Betriebsposition des Führungselementes,

Figur 7

eine Darstellung entlang der Schnittlinie A-A nach Figur 5 in einer zweiten Betriebsposition des Führungselementes,

Figur 8

eine Darstellung entlang der Schnittlinie B-B nach Figur 5 in der ersten Betriebsposition des Führungselementes,

Figur 9

eine Darstellung entlang der Schnittlinie B-B nach Figur 5 in der zweiten Betriebsposition des Führungselementes,

Figur 10

eine schematische Darstellung entlang der Schnittlinien C-C und E-E nach Figur 9 ohne Darstellung der Wälzkörper,

Figur 11

eine schematische Darstellung entlang der Schnittlinie D-D nach Figur 9 ohne Darstellung der Wälzkörper,

Figur 12

eine schematische Teildarstellung der Klemm- und Zugvorrichtung in Seitenansicht zur Veranschaulichung der Lastabtragung in einer ersten Richtung ohne Darstellung der Wälzkörper,

Figur 13

eine schematische Teildarstellung der Klemm- und Zugvorrichtung zur Veranschaulichung der Lastabtragung in zu Figur 12 entgegengesetzter Richtung ohne Darstellung der Wälzkörper sowie

Figur 14

eine teilweise Vorderansicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Klemm- und Zugvorrichtung zur Veranschaulichung des Verlaufs der Führungsnuten zur Führung der verschiebbaren Klemmelemente.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the figures. Show it:

FIG. 1

an isometric view of a clamping and pulling device according to the invention,

FIG. 2

a front view of a clamping and pulling device according to the invention for three hoisting ropes with front panels removed,

FIG. 3

a view of the clamping and pulling device according to FIG. 2 however with mounted front panels,

FIG. 4

an isometric view of a guide part of a two-part guide element of the clamping and pulling device according to the invention,

FIG. 5

a partial side view of a clamping and pulling device according to the invention accordingly FIG. 2 with the section lines AA and BB,

FIG. 6

a representation along the section line AA after FIG. 5 in a first operating position of the guide element,

FIG. 7

a representation along the section line AA after FIG. 5 in a second operating position of the guide element,

FIG. 8

a representation along the section line BB after FIG. 5 in the first operating position of the guide element,

FIG. 9

a representation along the section line BB after FIG. 5 in the second operating position of the guide element,

FIG. 10

a schematic representation along the lines CC and EE after FIG. 9 without representation of the rolling elements,

FIG. 11

a schematic representation along the section line DD to FIG. 9 without representation of the rolling elements,

FIG. 12

a schematic partial view of the clamping and pulling device in side view to illustrate the load transfer in a first direction without representation of the rolling elements,

FIG. 13

a schematic partial view of the clamping and pulling device to illustrate the load transfer in too FIG. 12 opposite direction without representation of the rolling elements as well

FIG. 14

a partial front view of a clamping and pulling device according to the invention for illustrating the course of the guide grooves for guiding the displaceable clamping elements.

In the FIG. 1 illustrated clamping and pulling device (1) for a vertically running, in FIG. 1 not shown rope (2) one of the dreams of a hoistway comprises in the longitudinal direction (3) of the hoisting rope two fixed clamping elements (4) and two displaceable clamping elements (5), which with acting on the upper end faces of the displaceable clamping elements (5) drives (26) are connected to reciprocate (see. FIG. 2 ). As drive (26), for example, comes in FIG. 2 shown hydraulic cylinder used. However, other linear drives or lever systems which bring about the reciprocating movement of the displaceable clamping elements (5) in the longitudinal direction (3) of the conveying cable (2) are also possible.

The two displaceable clamping elements (5) comprise in pairs the conveying cable (2) and bring about by pressing the clamping elements (5) pressing against the hoisting rope (2). At the clamping elements (4, 5) are clamping surfaces (6) with upward pointing wedge tip and clamping surfaces (7) with downward pointing wedge tip. The wedge tip of the clamping surfaces results from an imaginary vertical plane, which includes the wedge angle (α) with the wedged clamping surface (6, 7). The wedge angle (α) coincide with all clamping elements.

In the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment are each two clamping surfaces (6) facing up wedge tip on the fixed clamping elements (4) two clamping surfaces (7) facing down with wedge tips, which are arranged on the displaceable clamping element (5). The central clamping surface (7) with the wedge tip pointing downwards of each fixed clamping element (4) lies in each case opposite a clamping surface (6) with an upwardly pointing wedge tip on the two displaceable clamping elements (5).

Notwithstanding the prior art, the wedged clamping surfaces (6, 7) on all clamping elements (4, 5) transversely (3a) to the longitudinal direction (3) of the hoisting rope side by side in the housing of the clamping and pulling device (1). The housing includes several in FIG. 1 shown front panels (8) and an in FIG. 1 not shown frame-like rear plate (9) (see. FIG. 3 ).

Between each wedged clamping surface (6) with wedge tip pointing upwards and its opposite wedged clamping surface (7) with wedge tip pointing downwards, a plurality of rolling elements (10) are respectively arranged, which are mounted in a rolling element cage (11). The Wälzkörperkäfige (11) are formed of two elongated plate-shaped profiles (12), between which the rolling elements (10) extend. The Wälzkörperkäfige (11) are on cuboid blocks (13 a, b) releasably supported by a bolt (14) which engages arranged in the ends of the profiles slots. The elongated holes allow a relative movement of the Wälzkörperkäfige against the clamping surfaces (6,7) during rolling of the rolling elements. Due to the detachable arrangement, the rolling elements are quickly replaced as wear parts. The wider blocks (13 a) are arranged on the upper end face of the fixed clamping elements (4), while the narrower blocks (13 b) are arranged on the upper end face of the displaceable clamping elements (5).

The two displaceable clamping elements (5) each have a flat boundary surface (15 a, b), which are arranged at a distance parallel to each other. Starting from the flat boundary surface (15 a, b) is in each of the two displaceable clamping elements (5) in the longitudinal direction (3) of the hoisting rope (2) extending, semi-circular in cross-section groove (16) is introduced over the entire length of the slidable clamping element (5). Next is in particular from the FIGS. 8, 9 recognizable that the grooves (16) are aligned with each other to accommodate a two-part guide element (17) for the hoisting rope (2).

To explain the structure and the operation of the guide element (17) is on the representation in the FIGS. 4 to 9 pointed. The guide element (17) comprises two cylindrical guide parts (18 a, b), wherein in each guide part (18 a, b) a Seilbettungsnut (19) is introduced. The guide parts (18 a, b) are within the grooves (16) in the displaceable clamping elements (5) about an axis parallel to the course of the groove (16) pivotally, as can be seen in particular from FIGS. 6 to 9 results. From the sectional views in the FIGS. 8 and 9 can be seen how the cylindrical guide parts (18 a, b) form fit be absorbed by the grooves (16). The outer sheath (28) of the guide parts (18 a, b) has in cross section a matching diameter as the semi-circular in cross-section groove (16), so that the grooves (16) form a circular guide for the cylindrical guide parts (18 a, b) ,

At the cylindrical guide parts (18 a, b) is arranged on both the base and the top surface serving as a stop ring-shaped collar (20), the sliding with open clamping elements (5) sliding of the guide parts (18 a, b) in cable direction ( 3) prevented. Each collar (20) additionally has a pin (22) which engages in a guide slot (21), which guides the pivoting movement of the guide parts (18 a, b) about its pivot axis and prevents the guide parts from being opened when the clamping elements (5) are open. transversely (3a) to the longitudinal direction (3) of the conveying cable (2) from the groove (16) can slide out.

The leadership of the displaceable clamping elements (5) in the housing of the clamping and pulling device (1) by means of the FIGS. 1 and 14 recognizable, extending transversely through the displaceable clamping elements (5) extending bolts (23), each engaging in a guide groove (24) in the front plate (8), whose course from the top of the front panel (8) in FIG. 14 is recognizable. In the vertical middle position, the displaceable clamping elements (5), due to the largest distance there between the opposite guide grooves (24), the greatest distance from each other.

FIGS. 7 and 9 show the position that occupy the guide parts (18 a, b) in the middle position before the clamping and pulling device (1) is pushed into the plane of the hoisting ropes (2). In this opened position of the displaceable clamping elements (5) and the guide parts (18a, b), the clamping and pulling device (1) in the direction of Trums on the conveyor cables (2) pushed until they are between the open guide members (18 a, b) of the guide element (17). The direction of movement transverse to the conveyor cables (2) is in the FIGS. 7 and 9 indicated by the arrow (25).

Upon immersion of the hoisting rope (2) between the guide parts (18 a, b), the hoisting rope (2) comes into contact with a Seilbettungsnut (19) and rotates the guide parts (18 a, b) about its vertical axis, so that they in the in the FIGS. 6 or 8 shown, enter closed position. After this closing of the guide parts (18a, b), the conveying cable (2) is already in the Seilbettungsnut (19) of the guide element (17) to a small tolerances with respect to the rope diameter. Deviating from the prior art, only an extremely small stroke of the drive (26) is required to effect the required non-positive pressing of the Seilbettungsnut (19) on the hoisting rope (2) by means of the displaceable clamping elements (5).

In FIG. 2 is a complete clamping and pulling device (1) for receiving three hoisting ropes (2) in front view with removed front panel (8) shown. The hydraulic cylinders designed as drives (26) for reciprocating the displaceable clamping elements (5) in the longitudinal direction (3) are clearly visible in this illustration.

FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the clamping and pulling device (1) after FIG. 2 with open guide parts (18 a, b) of the guide elements (17). In the supervision after FIG. 3 are the front panels (8) mounted. The front plates (8) are screwed by means of screw (27) on the rear, frame-like plate (9) of the clamping and pulling device (1) passing through the fixed clamping elements (4) and also attach them to the rear plate 9.

FIG. 10 shows the sections along the lines CC and EE FIG. 9 to illustrate the course of the clamping surfaces (6) with upwardly pointing wedge tip on the fixed clamping elements (4) and the clamping surfaces (7) with downwardly pointing wedge tips on the movable clamping elements (5), while FIG. 11 the course of the clamping surfaces (7) with pointing down wedge tip on the fixed clamping elements (4) and the clamping surfaces (6) with upwardly pointing wedge tip on the sliding clamping elements (5). Furthermore, the wedge angle (α) between the clamping surface (6, 7) and an imaginary vertical plane (29) extending through the clamping element (4 or 5) is shown. The wedged clamping surfaces (6, 7) together with the imaginary vertical plane form a downwardly pointing wedge tip (30) on each displaceable clamping element (5) and an upwardly pointing wedge tip (31) on each fixed clamping element (4). In the sectional view DD after FIG. 11 the direction of the wedge tips (30, 31) between the clamping elements (4, 5) is reversed.

FIG. 12 illustrates the load bearing through in FIG. 10 illustrated clamping surfaces (6, 7) by a in the direction of the hoisting rope (2) downwardly acting load, wherein the clamping surfaces (7) downwardly tapering outer clamping wedges of the displaceable clamping element (5) form. In FIG. 12 The first by means of the drives (26) biased movable clamping elements (5) are already in a self-locking position in which the hoisting rope (2) by the high clamping force between the guide members (18 a, b) of the guide element (17) is compressed.

FIG. 13 illustrates the load bearing through the in FIG. 11 represented clamping surfaces (6, 7) by a in the direction of the hoisting rope (2) upwardly acting load, each clamping surface (6) has an upwardly tapering inner Clamping wedge of the displaceable clamping element (5) forms. In FIG. 13 The first by means of the drives (26) biased movable clamping elements (5) are already in a self-locking position in which the hoisting rope (2) by the high clamping force between the guide members (18 a, b) of the guide element (17) is compressed. <B> LIST OF REFERENCES </ b> No. description No. description 1 Clamping and pulling device 27 screw 2 hauling cable 28 outer sheath 3 longitudinal direction 29 vertical plane 3 a transverse to the longitudinal direction 4 fixed clamping elements 30 Wedge tip (below) 5 displaceable clamping elements 31 Wedge tip (top) 6 Clamping surfaces with wedge tip pointing upwards α wedge angle 7 Clamping surfaces with wedge tip pointing downwards 8th front panel 9 rear plate 10 rolling elements 11 Roller body cage 12 profiles 13 a, b blocks 14 Bolt (rolling element cage) 15 a, b plane boundary surface 16 groove 17 guide element 18 a, b guide parts 19 Seilbettungsnut 20 Federation 21 guide 22 pen 23 Bolt (clamping part) 24 guide 25 Arrow (insertion direction) 26 drive

Claims (10)

1. Clamping and pulling device for the cycled extraction of the hoisting cables of optionally one of the strands of a shaft hoisting system, comprising

   - fixed clamping elements in the longitudinal direction of the hoisting cables and movably arranged clamping elements, wherein two respective opposite movable clamping elements, which surround the hoisting cable in pairs, effect non-positive pressing on the hoisting cable,

   - at least one wedge-shaped clamping surface having an upwardly pointing wedge tip and at least one wedge-shaped clamping surface having a downwardly pointing wedge tip on each fixed and on each movable clamping element,

   - a drive for moving the movable clamping elements back and forth

   characterised in that

   - the wedge-shaped clamping surfaces (6, 7) having an upwardly pointing wedge tip and having a downwardly pointing wedge tip are arranged adjacent to each other on each clamping element (4, 5) transversely (3a) to the longitudinal direction (3) of each hoisting cable (2).
2. The clamping and pulling device according to claim 1, characterised in that respectively a plurality of roller bodies (10) are disposed between each wedge-shaped clamping surface (6) having an upwardly pointing wedge tip and the wedge-shaped clamping surface (7) opposite thereto of opposite clamping elements (4, 5).
3. The clamping and pulling device according to claim 2, characterised in that the roller bodies (10) are held in a roller body cage (11).
4. The clamping and pulling device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that each clamping element (4, 5) has three wedge-shaped clamping surfaces (6, 7), wherein the clamping elements (4, 5) capture the cable load in one direction with the aid of two of the clamping surfaces (6, 7) and capture the cable load in the opposite direction by means of one of the clamping surfaces (6, 7).
5. The clamping and pulling device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that

   - each movable clamping element (5) has a flat boundary surface (15a, b),

   - the flat boundary surfaces (15a, b) of opposite movable clamping elements are disposed at a distance parallel to one another,

   - starting from the flat boundary surfaces (15a, b) respectively one groove (16) running in the longitudinal direction of the hoisting cable (2) is incorporated in each movable clamping element (5), which groove is partially circular in cross-section and extends over the entire length of the flat boundary surface (15a, b) and

   - the grooves (16) are aligned with one another in opposite movable clamping elements (5).
6. The clamping and pulling device according to claim 5, characterised in that the grooves (16) in the opposite movable clamping elements (5) positively receive respectively one cylindrical guide part (18a, b) of a two-part guide element (17) for the hoisting cable, wherein each guide part (18a, b) is pivotable about an axis parallel to the groove profile in the groove (16).
7. The clamping and pulling device according to claim 6, characterised in that a cable bedding groove (19) is incorporated in each guide part (18a, b), which can be brought to abut flush against the hoisting cable (2).
8. The clamping and pulling device according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that a collar (20) is disposed on each guide part (18a, b) at least on its top surface.
9. The clamping and pulling device according to claim 8, characterised in that the collar (20) has means for guiding (22) the pivoting movement of the guide part (18a, b) in the respective groove (16).
10. The clamping and pulling device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that each movable clamping part (5) is guided by means of at least one pin (23) in a guide groove (24), which is disposed on the frame (8, 9) of the clamping and pulling device (1).

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