EP2580453A2 - Method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method - Google Patents

Method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method

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Publication number
EP2580453A2
EP2580453A2 EP11764671.1A EP11764671A EP2580453A2 EP 2580453 A2 EP2580453 A2 EP 2580453A2 EP 11764671 A EP11764671 A EP 11764671A EP 2580453 A2 EP2580453 A2 EP 2580453A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
engine
combustion engines
fuel
increase
nitrogen oxides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11764671.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marcel SKAROHLÍD
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ceske Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Praze Fakulta Strojni vyzkumne Centrum Spalovacich Motoru A Automobilu Josefa Bozka
Original Assignee
Ceske Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Praze Fakulta Strojni vyzkumne Centrum Spalovacich Motoru A Automobilu Josefa Bozka
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ceske Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Praze Fakulta Strojni vyzkumne Centrum Spalovacich Motoru A Automobilu Josefa Bozka filed Critical Ceske Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Praze Fakulta Strojni vyzkumne Centrum Spalovacich Motoru A Automobilu Josefa Bozka
Publication of EP2580453A2 publication Critical patent/EP2580453A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
    • F02D21/06—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/36—Control for minimising NOx emissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402—Multiple injections
    • F02D41/403—Multiple injections with pilot injections

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and/or to increase performance while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of gas-powered spark-ignition or double-fuel - i.e. gas/liquid - compression ignition engines burning a weak mixture, and a device to perform this 'method.
  • Nitrogen oxides are generated during fuel combustion in the combustion area of the internal combustion engine by means of oxidation of nitrogen from the combusted air.
  • the generation of nitrogen oxides during combustion is governed by the rule that a temperature increase in the combustion area during combustion results in growing production of nitrogen oxides. Reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in internal combustion engines can be achieved by two fundamental method groups and their combinations.
  • the first group of methods includes measures directly influencing the result of the combustion process in the cylinder of the combustion engine. These measures include a change in the advanced spark moment for ignition/injection of fuel, a change in the fuel/combustion air ratio, a change in the engine's compression ratio, the use of controlled recirculation of exhaust gases, a reduction of the supercharge in the suction system of the combustion engine, a reduction of temperature of the mixture using an intercooler for feeding air/fuel and injection of water into the suction pipe or directly into the combustion area.
  • Reduction of pre-ignition/fuel injection time results in a temperature decrease during combustion, i.e. in a decrease of nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • a disadvantage of this solution is that a reduction of pre-ignition time results in an increase in the temperature of exhaust gases, which can be followed by a decline in the engine's overall efficiency. As regards engines with atmospheric feeding, the engine's performance also deteriorates.
  • Reduction of the engine's compression ratio results in a temperature decrease during combustion, i.e. in a decrease of nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • a disadvantage of this solution is that reduction of the engine's compression ratio results in a decrease of performance and overall efficiency of the engine.
  • the sucked-in mixture is mixed with some exhaust gases at a certain ratio.
  • This mixing of the mixture and exhaust gases results in a decrease in temperature during combustion, and the ensuing decline in nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • a disadvantage of this solution is its complexity and price. If the engine is not optimized, the growing share of exhaust gases over the share of the mixture results in lower engine performance, overall engine efficiency and evenness of engine operation, as well as in a growing temperature of the engine's exhaust gases.
  • a reduction in the temperature of the mixture using an intercooler for the feeding air/mixture results in an overall decline in the temperature curve, towards lower values, i.e. also temperatures during combustion, and thus also a decline in nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • a disadvantage of this solution is its complexity and price.
  • the other group of methods includes additional modification of already generated exhaust gases using catalytic converters.
  • an oxidation-reduction catalytic converter When the engine is operated with a stechiometric mixture, an oxidation-reduction catalytic converter is used. This catalytic converter reduces nitrogen oxide emissions using the reduction part of the converter and carbon monoxide emissions as well as unburnt hydrocarbons using the oxidation part of the converter. For these reasons, this type of catalytic converter is sometimes also called "three-way" - as it disposes of three groups of pollutants. When the motor is operated using a weak mixture, a catalytic converter based on the principle of selective catalytic reduction is used. A disadvantage of these solutions is their high price,, very high complexity, a limited life of the converter and a higher defect rate of the engine.
  • a combination of the individual measures can achieve elimination of the decline in the engine's performance and efficiency, with a decreased production of nitrogen oxides.
  • this combination leads to a higher price of all measures, higher complexity, lower reliability and higher defect rate of the engine.
  • the aforementioned method includes measures directly influencing the result of the combustion process in the cylinder of the combustion engine.
  • a device is used wherein carbon dioxide is added to the fuel anywhere in the engine's fuel system and/or is added to the air/fuel mixture anywhere in the engine's suction system and/or is added directly to the cylinder of the combustion engine.
  • the growing share of carbon dioxide added to the fuel and/or the air/fuel mixture results in a temperature decrease during combustion, and thus also in lower nitrogen oxide emissions, as well as in a decline in the engine's performance.
  • This decline in performance is eliminated by enriching the mixture and/or by increasing the engine's compression rate and/or by increasing the feeding pressure in the engine's suction system and/or, in case of engines with atmospheric feeding, by increasing the pre-ignition/fuel injection, but this increases temperature during combustion, and thus also nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • the reduced performance is eliminated, unlike in engines with atmospheric feeding, by reducing the pre- ignition/fuel injection, which need not increase nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • the essence of this technical solution is that the increase of nitrogen oxides caused by enriching the mixture and/or by increasing the engine's compression rate and/or by increasing the feeding pressure in the engine's suction system and/or, in case of engines with atmospheric feeding, by increasing the pre-ignition/fuel injection is lower than the decline in nitrogen oxide emissions caused by increasing the share of carbon dioxide in the fuel or air/fuel mixture.
  • Enrichment of the mixture and/or by increasing the engine's compression rate and/or by increasing the feeding pressure in the engine's suction system and/or, in case of engines with atmospheric feeding, by increasing the pre- ignition/fuel injection results in increased engine performance, temperature during combustion, and thus also nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • the increased performance is caused, unlike in engines with atmospheric feeding, by reducing the pre-ignition/fuel injection, which need not increase nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • the increase in nitrogen oxides is eliminated by adding carbon dioxide in the fuel or air/fuel mixture.
  • the essence of this technical solution is that the increase of engine performance caused by enriching the mixture and/or by increasing the engine's compression rate and/or by increasing, the feeding pressure in the engine's suction system and/or, in case of engines with atmospheric feeding, by increasing the pre- ignition/fuel injection is higher than the decline in engine performance caused by increasing the share of carbon dioxide in the fuel or air/fuel mixture.
  • the reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions from internal combustion engines based on this technical solution meets the requirement on maintaining the engine performance at the same level and the engine operation uniform.
  • the increase in engine performance based on this technical solution meets the requirement on maintaining a constant level of nitrogen oxide emissions from internal combustion engines.
  • This technical solution meets , the requirement on maintaining the overall efficiency of the engine.
  • This optimized share is a quantity of carbon dioxide of 1 to 90% by mass in the mixture of fuel and carbon dioxide in the combustion area.
  • An environmental advantage of this technical solution is that it uses existing carbon dioxide, which is by itself considered a pollutant, i.e. a greenhouse gas, produced by internal combustion engines as a means to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of the engine.
  • the total production of carbon dioxide is not significantly increased due to the deployment of this technical solution and, if the engine' s overall efficiency is increased, the production is even lower.
  • Figure 1 shows a connection diagram with carbon dioxide supply to the engine's fuel system.
  • Figure 2 shows another connection diagram with carbon dioxide supply to the engine' s fuel system.
  • Figure 3 shows yet another connection diagram with carbon dioxide supply to the engine's fuel system.
  • Figure 4 shows a connection diagram with carbon dioxide supply directly to the cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
  • Figure 5 shows another connection diagram with carbon dioxide supply directly to the cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
  • Figure 6 shows a connection diagram with carbon dioxide supply to the engine' s fuel system and fuel supply directly to the cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the technical solution of a device designed to perform this method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method.
  • Pipe 5 for carbon dioxide supply is attached to pipe 3 for gaseous fuel supply. Carbon dioxide flow rate is controlled using valve 6.
  • the mixture of gaseous fuel and carbon dioxide flows through supply pipe 7 to suction system 1 of internal combustion engine 2.
  • the flow rate of the mixture of gaseous fuel and carbon dioxide to the engine's suction system is controlled using another valve 8.
  • Suction system 1 is connected to the combustion engine's cylinder 2.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show an embodiment of the technical solution of a device designed to perform this method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method.
  • Pipe 3 for gaseous fuel supply is attached to suction system 1 of internal combustion engine 2. The flow rate of the gaseous fuel to suction system 1 is controlled using governor valve 4.
  • Another pipe 5 for carbon dioxide supply is attached to suction system
  • Suction system 1 is connected to the combustion engine's cylinder 2.
  • Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the technical, solution of a device designed to perform this method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method.
  • Pipe 3 for gaseous fuel supply is attached to suction system 1 of internal combustion engine
  • the flow rate of the gaseous fuel to suction system 1 is controlled using governor valve 4.
  • Another pipe 5 for carbon dioxide supply is attached to the combustion engine's cylinder 2.
  • the flow rate of carbon dioxide to the engine's cylinder 2 is controlled using valve 6.
  • Suction system 1 is connected to the combustion engine's cylinder 2.
  • Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the technical solution of a device designed to perform this method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method.
  • Suction system 1 is connected to the combustion engine's cylinder 2.
  • Pipe 3 for gaseous fuel supply is attached to the combustion engine's cylinder 2.
  • the flow rate of gaseous fuel to the engine's cylinder 2 is controlled using governor valve 4.
  • Another pipe 5 for carbon dioxide supply ' is attached to the combustion engine's cylinder 2.
  • the flow rate of carbon dioxide to the engine's cylinder 2 is controlled using valve 6.
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the technical solution of a device designed, to perform this method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method.
  • Another pipe 5 for carbon dioxide supply is attached to suction system 1 of internal combustion engine 2. The flow rate of carbon dioxide to suction system 1 is controlled using valve 6.
  • Pipe 3 ' for gaseous fuel supply is attached to the combustion engine's cylinder 2. The flow rate of gaseous fuel to the engine's cylinder 2 is controlled using governor valve 4.
  • Suction system 1 is connected to the combustion engine's cylinder 2.
  • the method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method based on this technical solution can be used in particular in gas-powered spark-ignition or double-fuel - i.e. gas/liquid - compression ignition engines burning a weak mixture, with an available additional source of carbon dioxide.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

A method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine. Carbon dioxide is added to the fuel and/or air/fuel mixture at a rate of 1 to 90% by mass in the fuel/carbon dioxide mixture in the combustion area and, depending on its quantity, the air/fuel ratio and/or the pre-ignition fuel injection and/or the engine's compression rate and/or the feeding pressure in the engine's suction system is adjusted. The invention also relates to a device to perform this method, wherein the fuel system of the engine (2) and/or the suction system (1) of the engine (2) and/or the cylinder of the internal combustion engine (2) is complemented with carbon dioxide supply.

Description

Method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method.
Technical field
The invention relates to a method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and/or to increase performance while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of gas-powered spark-ignition or double-fuel - i.e. gas/liquid - compression ignition engines burning a weak mixture, and a device to perform this 'method.
State of the art
An increase in the performance of internal combustion engines is accompanied with an increase in the emissions of nitrogen oxides. Nitrogen oxides are generated during fuel combustion in the combustion area of the internal combustion engine by means of oxidation of nitrogen from the combusted air. The generation of nitrogen oxides during combustion is governed by the rule that a temperature increase in the combustion area during combustion results in growing production of nitrogen oxides. Reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in internal combustion engines can be achieved by two fundamental method groups and their combinations.
The first group of methods includes measures directly influencing the result of the combustion process in the cylinder of the combustion engine. These measures include a change in the advanced spark moment for ignition/injection of fuel, a change in the fuel/combustion air ratio, a change in the engine's compression ratio, the use of controlled recirculation of exhaust gases, a reduction of the supercharge in the suction system of the combustion engine, a reduction of temperature of the mixture using an intercooler for feeding air/fuel and injection of water into the suction pipe or directly into the combustion area.
Reduction of pre-ignition/fuel injection time results in a temperature decrease during combustion, i.e. in a decrease of nitrogen oxide emissions. A disadvantage of this solution is that a reduction of pre-ignition time results in an increase in the temperature of exhaust gases, which can be followed by a decline in the engine's overall efficiency. As regards engines with atmospheric feeding, the engine's performance also deteriorates.
To account for different values of air/fuel ratio, we distinguish rich mixtures - where the quantity of air is lower than the theoretical air consumption - and weak - where the quantity of air is greater than the theoretical air consumption. The temperature in the area of combustion of a weak mixture with a declining air-fuel ratio, i.e. mixture depletion, decreases during combustion, i.e. nitrogen oxide emissions decline. A disadvantage of this solution is that mixture depletion results in lower engine performance, overall engine efficiency and evenness of engine operation, as well as in a growing temperature of the engine's exhaust gas.
Reduction of the engine's compression ratio results in a temperature decrease during combustion, i.e. in a decrease of nitrogen oxide emissions. A disadvantage of this solution is that reduction of the engine's compression ratio results in a decrease of performance and overall efficiency of the engine.
In case of controlled re-circulation of exhaust gases, the sucked-in mixture is mixed with some exhaust gases at a certain ratio. This mixing of the mixture and exhaust gases results in a decrease in temperature during combustion, and the ensuing decline in nitrogen oxide emissions. A disadvantage of this solution is its complexity and price. If the engine is not optimized, the growing share of exhaust gases over the share of the mixture results in lower engine performance, overall engine efficiency and evenness of engine operation, as well as in a growing temperature of the engine's exhaust gases.
Reduction of the feeding pressure in the suction system of the internal . combustion engine results in a temperature decrease during, combustion, i.e. in a decrease of nitrogen oxide emissions. A disadvantage of this solution is that reduction of the feeding pressure results in a decrease of the engine's performance.
A reduction in the temperature of the mixture using an intercooler for the feeding air/mixture results in an overall decline in the temperature curve, towards lower values, i.e. also temperatures during combustion, and thus also a decline in nitrogen oxide emissions. A disadvantage of this solution is its complexity and price.
Taking into account the evaporation heat for change of the state of water to vapour, water injection in the suction pipe or directly in the combustion area results in a decline in temperature, including temperature during combustion, and thus also a decline in nitrogen oxide emissions. A disadvantage of this solution is its high price, demanding manufacture, complexity and a higher defect rate of the engine.
The other group of methods includes additional modification of already generated exhaust gases using catalytic converters.
When the engine is operated with a stechiometric mixture, an oxidation-reduction catalytic converter is used. This catalytic converter reduces nitrogen oxide emissions using the reduction part of the converter and carbon monoxide emissions as well as unburnt hydrocarbons using the oxidation part of the converter. For these reasons, this type of catalytic converter is sometimes also called "three-way" - as it disposes of three groups of pollutants. When the motor is operated using a weak mixture, a catalytic converter based on the principle of selective catalytic reduction is used. A disadvantage of these solutions is their high price,, very high complexity, a limited life of the converter and a higher defect rate of the engine.
A combination of the individual measures can achieve elimination of the decline in the engine's performance and efficiency, with a decreased production of nitrogen oxides. However, this combination leads to a higher price of all measures, higher complexity, lower reliability and higher defect rate of the engine.
Essence of the technical solution
The deficiencies above can be to a large extent eliminated by a method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of the engine based on this technical solution. Its essence is that carbon dioxide is added to the fuel and/or air/fuel mixture at a rate of 1 to 90% by mass in the fuel/carbon dioxide mixture in the combustion area and, depending on its quantity, the air/fuel ratio and/or the pre-ignition fuel injection and/or the engine's compression rate and/or the feeding pressure in the engine's suction system is adjusted.
The aforementioned method includes measures directly influencing the result of the combustion process in the cylinder of the combustion engine.
To perform this method, a device is used wherein carbon dioxide is added to the fuel anywhere in the engine's fuel system and/or is added to the air/fuel mixture anywhere in the engine's suction system and/or is added directly to the cylinder of the combustion engine.
Thanks to the zero heating power and the high specific heat capacity of carbon dioxide, the growing share of carbon dioxide added to the fuel and/or the air/fuel mixture results in a temperature decrease during combustion, and thus also in lower nitrogen oxide emissions, as well as in a decline in the engine's performance. This decline in performance is eliminated by enriching the mixture and/or by increasing the engine's compression rate and/or by increasing the feeding pressure in the engine's suction system and/or, in case of engines with atmospheric feeding, by increasing the pre-ignition/fuel injection, but this increases temperature during combustion, and thus also nitrogen oxide emissions. In forced-induction engines, the reduced performance is eliminated, unlike in engines with atmospheric feeding, by reducing the pre- ignition/fuel injection, which need not increase nitrogen oxide emissions. The essence of this technical solution is that the increase of nitrogen oxides caused by enriching the mixture and/or by increasing the engine's compression rate and/or by increasing the feeding pressure in the engine's suction system and/or, in case of engines with atmospheric feeding, by increasing the pre-ignition/fuel injection is lower than the decline in nitrogen oxide emissions caused by increasing the share of carbon dioxide in the fuel or air/fuel mixture.
Enrichment of the mixture and/or by increasing the engine's compression rate and/or by increasing the feeding pressure in the engine's suction system and/or, in case of engines with atmospheric feeding, by increasing the pre- ignition/fuel injection results in increased engine performance, temperature during combustion, and thus also nitrogen oxide emissions. In forced-induction engines, the increased performance is caused, unlike in engines with atmospheric feeding, by reducing the pre-ignition/fuel injection, which need not increase nitrogen oxide emissions. The increase in nitrogen oxides is eliminated by adding carbon dioxide in the fuel or air/fuel mixture. The essence of this technical solution is that the increase of engine performance caused by enriching the mixture and/or by increasing the engine's compression rate and/or by increasing, the feeding pressure in the engine's suction system and/or, in case of engines with atmospheric feeding, by increasing the pre- ignition/fuel injection is higher than the decline in engine performance caused by increasing the share of carbon dioxide in the fuel or air/fuel mixture. The reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions from internal combustion engines based on this technical solution meets the requirement on maintaining the engine performance at the same level and the engine operation uniform. The increase in engine performance based on this technical solution meets the requirement on maintaining a constant level of nitrogen oxide emissions from internal combustion engines. For an optimized ratio of carbon dioxide and air/fuel mixture, this technical solution meets , the requirement on maintaining the overall efficiency of the engine. This optimized share is a quantity of carbon dioxide of 1 to 90% by mass in the mixture of fuel and carbon dioxide in the combustion area.
This technical solution has a simple design, easy and cheap to produce, does not increase the engine's complexity, does not reduce its reliability, does not increase its defect rate and poses no challenges in terms of operating costs. An environmental advantage of this technical solution is that it uses existing carbon dioxide, which is by itself considered a pollutant, i.e. a greenhouse gas, produced by internal combustion engines as a means to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of the engine. The total production of carbon dioxide is not significantly increased due to the deployment of this technical solution and, if the engine' s overall efficiency is increased, the production is even lower. List of drawings
The . invention will be described on embodiments of the technical solution based on the attached drawings. Figure 1 shows a connection diagram with carbon dioxide supply to the engine's fuel system. Figure 2 shows another connection diagram with carbon dioxide supply to the engine' s fuel system. Figure 3 shows yet another connection diagram with carbon dioxide supply to the engine's fuel system. Figure 4 shows a connection diagram with carbon dioxide supply directly to the cylinder of the internal combustion engine. Figure 5 shows another connection diagram with carbon dioxide supply directly to the cylinder of the internal combustion engine. Figure 6 shows a connection diagram with carbon dioxide supply to the engine' s fuel system and fuel supply directly to the cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
Embodiments of the technical solution
Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the technical solution of a device designed to perform this method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method. Pipe 5 for carbon dioxide supply is attached to pipe 3 for gaseous fuel supply. Carbon dioxide flow rate is controlled using valve 6. The mixture of gaseous fuel and carbon dioxide flows through supply pipe 7 to suction system 1 of internal combustion engine 2. The flow rate of the mixture of gaseous fuel and carbon dioxide to the engine's suction system is controlled using another valve 8. Suction system 1 is connected to the combustion engine's cylinder 2. Figures 2 and 3 show an embodiment of the technical solution of a device designed to perform this method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method. Pipe 3 for gaseous fuel supply is attached to suction system 1 of internal combustion engine 2. The flow rate of the gaseous fuel to suction system 1 is controlled using governor valve 4. Another pipe 5 for carbon dioxide supply is attached to suction system
1. The flow rate of carbon dioxide to suction system 1 is controlled using valve 6. Suction system 1 is connected to the combustion engine's cylinder 2.
Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the technical, solution of a device designed to perform this method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method. Pipe 3 for gaseous fuel supply is attached to suction system 1 of internal combustion engine
2. The flow rate of the gaseous fuel to suction system 1 is controlled using governor valve 4. Another pipe 5 for carbon dioxide supply is attached to the combustion engine's cylinder 2. The flow rate of carbon dioxide to the engine's cylinder 2 is controlled using valve 6. Suction system 1 is connected to the combustion engine's cylinder 2.
Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the technical solution of a device designed to perform this method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method. Suction system 1 is connected to the combustion engine's cylinder 2. Pipe 3 for gaseous fuel supply is attached to the combustion engine's cylinder 2. The flow rate of gaseous fuel to the engine's cylinder 2 is controlled using governor valve 4. Another pipe 5 for carbon dioxide supply' is attached to the combustion engine's cylinder 2. The flow rate of carbon dioxide to the engine's cylinder 2 is controlled using valve 6.
Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the technical solution of a device designed, to perform this method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method. Another pipe 5 for carbon dioxide supply is attached to suction system 1 of internal combustion engine 2. The flow rate of carbon dioxide to suction system 1 is controlled using valve 6. Pipe 3' for gaseous fuel supply is attached to the combustion engine's cylinder 2. The flow rate of gaseous fuel to the engine's cylinder 2 is controlled using governor valve 4. Suction system 1 is connected to the combustion engine's cylinder 2.
Industrial use
The method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method based on this technical solution can be used in particular in gas-powered spark-ignition or double-fuel - i.e. gas/liquid - compression ignition engines burning a weak mixture, with an available additional source of carbon dioxide.

Claims

P A T E N T C L A I M S
A method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while .keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, wherein carbon dioxide is added to the fuel and/or air/fuel mixture at a rate of 1 to 90% by mass in the fuel/carbon dioxide mixture in the combustion area and, depending on its quantity, the air/fuel ratio and/or the pre-ignition fuel injection and/or the engine's compression rate and/or the feeding pressure in the engine's suction system is adjusted.
A device to perform the method as in Claim 1, wherein the fuel system of the engine (2) and/or the suction system (1) of the engine (2) and/or the cylinder of the internal combustion engine (2) is complemented with carbon dioxide supply.
EP11764671.1A 2010-06-09 2011-05-18 Method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method Withdrawn EP2580453A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2010-457A CZ307252B6 (en) 2010-06-09 2010-06-09 A method of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from petrol engines by combusting a homogeneous mixture and/or increasing the performance of such engines while maintaining the nitrogen oxide emissions from these engines and/or increasing the overall efficiency of such engines, and a device for implementing this method
PCT/CZ2011/000056 WO2011153970A2 (en) 2010-06-09 2011-05-18 Method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2580453A2 true EP2580453A2 (en) 2013-04-17

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EP11764671.1A Withdrawn EP2580453A2 (en) 2010-06-09 2011-05-18 Method to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines and/or to increase the performance of combustion engines while keeping the emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion engines at the same level and/or to increase the overall performance of an engine, and a device to perform this method

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CZ305218B6 (en) * 2012-11-14 2015-06-17 České vysoké učení technické v Praze, Fakulta strojní, Centrum kompetence automobilového průmyslu Josefa Božka Engine fuel system and/or engine admission system and/or internal combustion engine cylinder
CZ308433B6 (en) * 2018-12-21 2020-08-19 České vysoké učení technické v Praze Method of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from internal combustion engines and the equipment for this
CZ308432B6 (en) * 2018-12-21 2020-08-19 České vysoké učení technické v Praze A method of increasing the overall efficiency of an engine while maintaining nitrogen oxide emissions from internal combustion engines and the apparatus for this
CN117307343B (en) * 2023-11-30 2024-04-16 潍柴动力股份有限公司 Engine emission correction method and device

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CZ307252B6 (en) 2018-05-02
CZ2010457A3 (en) 2011-12-21
WO2011153970A2 (en) 2011-12-15
WO2011153970A3 (en) 2012-02-02

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