EP2580010B1 - Compacting device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a tool for compacting the surface of a powder metallurgy produced component, with a die and a punch, wherein in the die a recess is arranged, which extends from a first die opening to a second die opening, and a wall surface for conditioning of Component, and the punch has a punch length and a punch surface, wherein an inner diameter of the recess of the die from the first die opening to the second die opening becomes smaller or an outer diameter of the punch is larger over the punch length, and wherein on the wall surface of the die or on a stamping surface is arranged a compression element, a method for compacting the surface of a powder metallurgy produced component, with a tool having a die and a punch, wherein the component through the die or the punch through a recess of the component is moved while it is compacted surface, and a powder metallurgical, manufactured component with a component body having at least one compacted side surface or at least one recess with at least one compacted wall surface.

Sintered parts, ie workpieces made of pressed and sintered metal powder, have long been an alternative to cast or from the fully machined workpieces. However, due to the manufacturing process, in each case more or less pronounced porosity of the sintered parts has a negative effect on the flexural strength and the wear resistance, which limits, for example, the use of powder-metallurgically produced gears in high-load gearboxes.

In order to reduce the adverse effects of the porosity of sintered parts, it is known to effect surface densification on sintered blanks by re-pressing. A method using a die tool for this purpose is known from US 6,168,754 B1 known. In this method, a sintered blank, that is a pressed powder metal and then sintered part is compacted on its outer surface by this is pressed by a multi-stage die tool. The die tool comprises a plurality of die plates spaced apart from each other and axially spaced with die openings substantially correspond to the shape of the sintered blank, but the inner diameter decreases gradually and is smaller than the outer diameter of the sintered blank. In this pushing from the largest to the smallest die opening the outer periphery of the sintered part is plastically and elastically deformed, whereby the surface is compacted and the sintered part receives its final dimension. The distances between the die plates allow the sintered part to expand by expanding a portion of the elastic deformations after each die plate. As a result of this sequence of die plates and intermediate spaces, the sintered part undergoes intermediate relief after each die plate, as a result of which a compressive residual stress remaining after deformation in the sintered part is built up in stages.

These compressive residual stresses increase the flexural strength in zones subjected to tensile stress and at the same time improve the wear resistance of the thus compacted surface. A disadvantage of the method or die tool described in US-B1, however, is that the die tool has a lower stability and wear resistance due to the interspaces between the individual die plates, whereby the forming forces that can be borne by the die tool are clearly limited and the achievable surface compacting for certain applications is still insufficient.

To avoid this disadvantage is derived from the applicant WO 2008/028207 A2 a method of surface compacting a sintered body is known in which a sintered part is moved in a die tool along an axis in a pressing direction through a plurality of die sections from a first die section at a first die opening into a last die section, wherein a wall surface of each die section forms at least one pressing surface the one contact surface formed by an outer surface of the sintered part is pressed, and one, lying in a cross section with respect to the axis, defined by the pressing surface inner contour corresponds at least approximately to an outer contour defined by the contact surface. During the movement of the sintered part, the surface compression takes place from the first die opening into the last die section by means of die sections which merge into one another continuously and the inner diameters of the die sections measured monotonically decreasing between cooperating pressing surfaces. Far, this WO-A2 describes a tool for carrying out this method.

The present invention is based on the object to provide an improved way to compact the surface of a powder metallurgy produced component.

This object is achieved independently by the aforementioned tool, the aforementioned method for compacting the surface of a powder metallurgy hergestellen component and by the component itself, wherein the compression element of the tool is formed with a thread-like course, in the method, the compression of the surface in a tool according to the invention is carried out, wherein the component is moved with a linear movement along an axis through the die or the punch with a linear movement through the recess in the component to the thread-like arranged compression element (s) of the tool, and the component itself characterized Side surface or a wall surface having a surface topography in waveform.

The advantage here is that relatively small compression stages are achieved by the thread-like formation of the compression element, whereby a material-friendly deformation is achieved, which is further supported by the impact of the component on the oblique Umformkante the compression element. Nevertheless, the tool itself is still relatively simple. In particular, the die can consist of a single part, as well as the stamp. By the thread-like compression element but also a relaxation of the compacted component areas outside the compression zones is possible, whereby a burr formation on the component due to the compression can be significantly reduced. However, the burr formation can also be reduced by the force component acting in the circumferential direction of the component. Surprisingly, it has been found that the components compacted by the process or tool also exhibit a reduction in noise in the application of the components, presumably due to the particular surface topography created during and through compaction. Another advantage is based on the fact that in the free spaces between the compression areas, ie in the relaxation zones, used forming oil can deposit, whereby the cracking of the lubricating film during the deformation can be better prevented. It can thus reduce the stress on the tool and the oil consumption. As a result, the movement also has a longer service life.

Preferably, a plurality of spiral-shaped compression elements are arranged distributed over the respective surfaces. It is thus not only a better or higher compression of the component achieved, but can thus be achieved in particular that a multi-point support is provided for the component in the tool so that tilting of the component during compression can be better avoided. In particular, it is advantageous if the plurality of compression elements are each offset by an equal angle value to each other, whereby these effects are enhanced.

To further improve the compression, it can be provided that the one or more thread-like compression element (s) has or have a thread pitch that varies over the length of the or the compression element (s). It is thus achieved that areas are created over the length of the compression section of the tool, which have a different compression effect on the component surface, ie areas with greater compression effect and areas that have a greater relaxation effect on the component can be formed.

The one or more compression element (s) may have a chamfer or a rounding, in order to at least largely avoid a higher wear on the tool, or on the other hand to allow a "smoother" transition of the component from the compression areas in the relaxation areas and vice versa, without that by a sheep edged step unintentional material removal takes place on the component or that the edges erupt at the transitions of the tool.

The inner diameter of the recess in the die can decrease linearly or the outside diameter of the punch increases linearly in the pressing direction. It is thus simplifies the production of the tool. In addition, possibly fluctuating raw diameter of sintered components due to production can be better compensated.

In order to better adapt the tool to different sintered alloys, it has been shown in practice that sintered components, depending on the composition, also allow different degrees of deformation in one compacting step, or it is better for the successive compacting steps in the tool to be different Forming degrees is performed - to allow the inner diameter of the recess in the die progressively or degressively decrease or increase the outer diameter of the punch in the pressing direction progressive or degressive.

The end portion of the recess in the die or the punch may be cylindrical, which end portion may also be free of compression elements in order to achieve the straightening of the component.

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

Fig. 1

eine Matrize in Seitenansicht geschnitten Draufsicht;

Fig. 2

die Matrize nach Fig. 1 in Draufsicht;

Fig. 3

einen Stempel in Seitenansicht;

Fig. 4

verschiedene Profilquerschnitte von Verdichtungselementen;

Fig. 5

einen Ausschnitt aus einer Ausführungsvariante der Matrize in Seitenansicht geschnitten;

Fig. 6

einen Ausschnitt aus einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante der Matrize in Seitenansicht geschnitten;

Fig. 7

ein Diagramm des Rautiefenverlaufs eines mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeug verdichteten Sinterbauteils.

Each shows in a schematically simplified representation:

Fig. 1

a die cut into side view top view;

Fig. 2

the matrix after Fig. 1 in plan view;

Fig. 3

a stamp in side view;

Fig. 4

different profile cross sections of compression elements;

Fig. 5

a section of a variant of the die cut in side view;

Fig. 6

a section of a further embodiment of the die cut in side view;

Fig. 7

a diagram of the surface roughness of a compacted with the inventive tool sintered component.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component designations, the disclosures contained in the entire description mutatis mutandis to the same Parts with the same reference numerals or the same component names can be transferred. Also, the position information selected in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to a new position analogous to the new situation. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the illustrated and described different embodiments may represent separate solutions according to the invention.

The Fig. 1 and 2 show a longitudinal section through and a plan view of a die 1 for a tool for surface compaction of a component 2 by moving it along an axis 3 through the die 1. This comprises a Matrizengrundkörper 4, which has a recess 5 extending from a first die opening. 6 extends on a first die surface 7 to a, the first die opening along the axis 3 opposite the second die opening 8 at a second die surface 9 continuously through the die body 4 and whose cross section is adapted to the cross section of the component to be compressed 2. The recess 5 has a wall surface 10 for abutment of a component surface 11 of the component 2. Furthermore, the recess has an inner diameter 12 which, beginning at the first die opening 6, becomes smaller in the direction of the second die opening 8, as a result of which the recess 5 tapers along at least part of a pressing length 13 of the die 1 along the axis 3.

The component 2 consists of pressed and then sintered metal powder, so it is made by powder metallurgy, the methods and materials for producing such a sintered blank from the prior art are well known and therefore not explained in detail.

The component 2 is designed disc-shaped in the illustrated embodiment and has on the component surface 11 has a diameter 14, which corresponds to the surface densification of a raw diameter 15 and after the surface compression to a smaller end diameter 16.

On the wall surface 10 and projecting over this at least one compression element 17 is arranged. The compression element 17 has a thread-like shape, thus extending from the region of the first die opening 6 to the region of the second die opening 8 in the form of a helical or spiral, therefore, can also be referred to as Umformspirale. It is thus generated with the compression element 17, an oblique Umformkante to compaction. Due to the slope of the compression element 17, so the forming spiral results in a "wandering Umformpunkt" or "a wandering Umformkante" along the component circumference.

By "from the area" and "to the area" is meant that it is possible within the scope of the invention that the compression element 17 need not necessarily be arranged beginning at the first die opening 6, but that an inlet region in the die 1 at the may be formed first die opening in which no compression element 17 is arranged to facilitate the insertion of the component 2 into the die. On the other hand, an end portion 18 of the recess 5 of the die 1 may also be free of the compression element 17 or compression elements 17. For example, this end portion may have an inner cross section that corresponds to the outer contour of the finished compacted component 2, that is, for example, have a cylindrical cross-section, so as to allow the same in a final step of the compression of the surface of the component 2. Of course, however, there is the possibility that the compression element 17 extends on the wall surface 10 starting from the first die surface 7 to the second die surface 9.

The compression element 17 preferably extends continuously without interruption in the recess 5, but it is possible that this compression element 17 is divided into individual, slightly spaced compression member sections.

As Fig. 2 can be seen in dotted and dash-dotted lines, there is the possibility that several compression element 12 are arranged on the wall surface 10, so for example two, preferably three (as shown), or four, five, six, etc. The compression elements 17 are preferably in the form of a multi-start thread, so for example three-thread, arranged, the resulting "Verdichtungsgänge" are each offset by a respective same angular value to each other, resulting from the division of 360 ° by the number of thread-like compression elements 17 , ie for example by 120 ° in the arrangement of three compression elements 17th

Preferably, the or the compression element (s) 17 are worked out of the wall surface 10 of the recess 5, that is integrally formed with the die 1.

The surface compression of the component 2 is carried out by being introduced through the first die opening 6 in the recess 5 and subsequently moved to and through the second die opening 8, wherein the component surface 11 of the component 2 against the or the compression element (s) 17 of Die 1 is pressed. Alternatively, the direction of movement of the component 2 can also be reversed so that therefore the component 2 is not removed from the die 1 via the second die opening 8 but the first die opening 6.

The pressing effect is achieved in that the inner diameter 12, which is defined by the clear width between opposite or cooperating portions of the wall surface 10 of the recess 5, wherein the or the compression element (s) 17 is seen as part of the wall surface 10 and The term inner diameter 12 is not to be understood as limited to circular cross sections, but also as a clear width between interacting press surface parts, which need not necessarily go through the axis 3 of the die 1. Thus, other than circular cross sections of the component 2 can be compressed. Similarly, the diameter 14 on the component 2 is not limited to radial directions. In the region of the introduction of the component 2 into the recess, however, the recess 5 preferably has an inner diameter 14 which is at least not smaller than the raw diameter 15 of the component in order to simplify the insertion of the component 2.

The movement of the sintered part 2 in the die tool 1 preferably takes place in a straight line along the axis 3 in a pressing direction 19 from the first die opening 6 to the second die opening 8, followed by the removal of the component 2 from the die 1, via the second die opening 8 or after Direction of movement reversal against the pressing direction 19 through the first die opening 6, for which purpose an ejector element can be arranged in the second die opening.

The rectilinear movement in the direction of the axis 3 can also be superimposed by a rotational movement, whereby the component 2 in the die 1 performs a screwing movement. Through this Movement shape can be compressed with the die 1 and components 2 on its surface, the component surface 11 also includes screw surfaces. The movement of the component 2 takes place in this case about a screw axis which coincides with the axis 3 or parallel to this, for example, when the screw surface to be compacted on the component surface 11 is not disposed on the entire circumference of the component 2 and this has no rotationally symmetrical body , In the case of the superimposition of the rectilinear motion, however, attention must be paid to the pitch of the screwing movement, which must be different from the pitch of the thread-like compression element 17 in order to achieve a surface compression, ie to prevent the component 2 from sliding in the compression passage of the compacting element 17 ,

The direction of movement of the component 2 in the die 1 can, as well as the speed of movement to optimize the surface compression have any course and, for example, include a reversal of movement, motion arrest, very slow but also very fast movements. It is possible that the compression is carried out with at least two relative reversals of movement of the component 2 to the die 1, so the component 2 is moved, for example, down through the die 1, in the die 1, the component again a short distance against the original direction of movement is moved back and then moved within the die 1 after a new reversal of motion back in the original direction through the die 1. Of course, this process can be repeated several times or the die 1 can be moved instead of and / or in addition to the component 2. Due to the pressure acting between the compression element 17 and the component surface 11, compressive stresses are generated, the movement of the component 2 also causes the component surface 11 to experience a sliding friction stress in the axial direction with rectilinear motion or both in the axial and tangential direction during a screwing movement. These stresses acting on the component surface 11 in the component 2 cause both an elastic and a plastic deformation of the component 2, wherein the plastic component causes the permanent surface compression. In this surface compaction, the powder metal particles joined together by pressing and subsequent sintering on so-called bridges are strongly pressed against each other and plastically deformed. The existing between the powder metal particles after sintering pore-like cavities are thereby reduced in volume and increases the material density in this area.

The statements regarding the movement sequence also apply to the stamp.

The effect of surface compaction is greatest due to the additional sliding friction stresses directly on the component surface 11 and decreases in the direction of the interior of the component 2. By means of the method, it is typically possible to compact edge layers of components 2 having a thickness of a few hundredths of a millimeter up to several tenths of a millimeter and above. After this surface compaction remain in the component 2 in its boundary layers compressive stresses that cause a beneficial increase in flexural strength and an increase in wear resistance.

Since the component 2 repeatedly strikes regions of the recess 5 along its path through the die in the pressing direction 19 after sliding over the compacting element or elements 17, the one caused by the "threads" of the or the compacting element (s) 17 larger inner diameter 12 - in comparison to the or the compression element (s) 17 - have, the component 2 after partial compression also allows partial relaxation, wherein the material of the component 2 springs back. It is thus a component and tool gentle compression possible, since smaller forming forces are required by the occurring repeated compression and relaxation. In addition, by the thread-like compression element 17 of the step "compacting" is limited to a small surface area or a point deformation, which also the required forming forces can also be reduced. Due to the "displacement" of the or the compression element (s) 17 at the diameter 14 of the component 2 thus at least one area during the entire compression process always in the step "compression" or "relax". It can thus be manufactured components 2, which have at least approximately full density in the region of the component surface 11. In the core of the component 2, i. into the basic structure of the component 2, a sharp, i. jump, transition between the at least approximately fully dense surface area and the basic structure are formed.

The required relative to the process implementation relative movement between the component 2 and the die 1 can be done by movement of the component 2 and / or by movement of the die 1, wherein the component 2 and the die 1 are each connected to a suitable drive or a fixed frame can or the component 2 with the help a punch or an upper punch and a lower punch is moved through the die 1, as is known per se.

As already mentioned, there is the possibility that the compression element 17 is not designed to extend over the entire inner circumference of the recess 5, but that a predeterminable portion of the wall surface 10 of the recess 5 in the direction of the axis 3 is free of compression elements 17. It is thus possible to produce components 2, after the movement of the component 2 during compression preferably takes place in the direction of the axis, which are surface-compacted only in a partial region. But it is also possible to produce components 2, which have a different degree of surface compaction in different areas by the compression element 17 is formed over a portion of the press length 13 of the die 1 extending continuously over the circumference of the recess 5 or only in a partial region of the circumference of the recess 5 over the press length 13 at least one further thread-like compression element 17 is arranged. In addition, there is the possibility that 17 have a different overall length at several compression elements.

A compacting member 17 may have a pitch selected from a range of 0.5 mm to 150 mm, more preferably selected from a range of 5 mm to 100 mm, or selected from a range of 20 mm to 50 mm. In this case, it is also possible that, in the arrangement of a plurality of compression elements 17, at least two have a different pitch angle to one another over at least a partial area of the entire length of a compression element 17. In addition, a compression element 17 may be formed over its entire length with at least two different pitch angles, so for example, the pitch angle be greater in the region of the first die opening 6, as in the region of the second die opening 8, so so in other words the "threads" or compression passes over the length of the compression element 17 closer together. Such a design of a compression element 17 can also be used in the arrangement of a plurality of compression elements 17.

The compression element (s) 17 may be in the form of a "left-hand thread" or a "right-hand thread".

Fig. 3 shows a punch 20 for compressing the surface of a recess in a component 2 (not shown), for example a gear. For this purpose, the punch 20 on an outer die surface 21 on this projecting at least one of the above-described thread-like compression elements 17, with respect to the comments on the or the compression element (s) 17 to avoid repetition of the above statements to refer.

In order to allow a stepwise compaction of the surface, an outer diameter 22 over a punch length 23, ie a length of the dipping into the recess of the component during the implementation of the compaction dome, larger, as Fig. 3 can be seen. An end portion 24 of this mandrel can be carried out again without compression elements 17 in order to achieve the straightening of the surface-compressed component 2. For this purpose, this end section preferably has a cross-section which corresponds to the cross-section of the finished compacted component 2, that is to say has a cylindrical shape, for example.

Both in the die 1 and the punch 20, there is the possibility that one end portion in terms of its clearance and the outer diameter 22 is larger or smaller than the corresponding dimension in the finished component 2, by the proportion of elastic (return ) suspension of the component 2 after the compression step. It is thus on the die 1 and the punch 20 allows a support function during the (return) springs.

Within the scope of the invention, it is also possible for the die 1 according to the invention to be used in combination with the stamp 20 according to the invention for the surface densification of a component 2 in order to achieve compacting of both the inner component surface and the outer component surface 11 in one work step.

The compression element (s) 17 may or may not be as shown in FIG Fig. 4 illustrated by examples, different profile cross sections 25 to 33 have, for example, a pointed profile, such as a sharp profile cross-section 25, a rounded profile cross-section 26, a conical over-turned profile cross-section 27, a saw profile, such as a pole side flat profile section 28 or equatorseitig flat profile cross-section 29, a flat profile, such as a conically flattened profile section 30 or a rounded profile section 31, one, in particular from these profile cross sections 25 to 31, combined Profile cross section 32 or a round profile cross section 33. The or the compression element (s) 17 may or may also be provided with the chamfer.

Furthermore, an edge facing the component 2 when it is moved against the compression element 17 can enclose a different angle with the wall surface 10 than an edge 35 facing away from the component in the direction of movement. For example, the facing flank 34 can be made steeper than the opposite edge Flank 35, in order to simplify the "driving over" of the compression element 17 with the component 2 and thus to allow a more gentle tool compression.

However, it can also be provided that the profile cross-section of the compression element 17 changes over its entire length, e.g. in the area of the first die opening 6 steeper, i. With a small angle of inclination of the flanks 33, 34 inclined to the wall surface 10, profile cross-sections are formed, ie in areas with even small surface densification of the component 2, and in the region of the second die opening 8 flatter profile cross sections, i. with a larger inclination angle of the flanks 33, 34 inclined to the wall surface 10.

A transition region 36 between the wall surface 10 of the recess 5 of the die 1 or the stamp surface 21 of the punch 20 and the or the compression element (s) 17 may be rounded, as shown in FIGS FIGS. 5 and 6 it can be seen, the sections of embodiments of the die 1 in cross section.

In the simplest case, the cross-section of the recess 5 tapers conically from the first die opening 6 in the direction of the second die opening 8. However, it is also possible that, as is apparent from FIGS FIGS. 5 and 6 it can be seen, the wall surface 10 of the recess 5 of the die 1 are formed between the protrusions formed by a compression element 17 with a convex or concave curvature, with mixed forms with convex curved portions and concave curved portions in a recess 5 are possible. In addition, besides the conical taper, it is also possible for the inner diameter 12 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) of the recess decreases progressively or degressively or with a combination thereof. Of course, the remarks in this paragraph also apply to the punch 20, ie the punch surface 21.

As already mentioned above, the use of the die 1 and / or the punch 20 for surface compacting produces a component 1 whose outer component surface 11 and / or inner surface of a recess at least partially exhibits a wave shape. Fig. 7 1 shows an example of a course of the roughness depth on a finished compacted component 2 (FIG. Fig. 1 ). The roughness depth in μm and on the abscissa the component height (in pressing direction 19, as in FIG Fig. 1 shown) in microns.

The embodiments show possible embodiments of the die 1, the punch 20 and the component 2, it being noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but rather also various combinations of the individual embodiments are possible with each other and this Variability due to the teaching of technical action by objective invention in the skill of those working in this technical field is the expert.

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that in order to better understand the structure of the die 1, the punch 20 and the component 2, these or their components have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

die

2

component

3

axis

4

basic die

5

recess

6

die opening

7

die surface

8th

die opening

9

die surface

10

wall surface

11

component surface

12

Inner diameter

13

Press length

14

diameter

15

raw diameter

16

final diameter

17

compression element

18

end

19

pressing direction

20

stamp

21

stamp surface

22

outer diameter

23

punch length

24

end

25

Profile cross section

26

Profile cross section

27

Profile cross section

28

Profile cross section

29

Profile cross section

30

Profile cross section

31

Profile cross section

32

Profile cross section

33

Profile cross section

34

flank

35

flank

36

Transition area

Claims (9)

1. A tool for compacting the surface of a powder-metallurigcally produced component (2), comprising a mold (1) and a stamp (20), wherein in the mold (1) a recess (5) is arranged which extends from a first mold opening (6) to a second mold opening (8), and which has a wall surface (10) for supporting the component (2), and the stamp (20) has a stamp length (23) and a stamp surface (21), wherein an inner diameter (12) of the recess (5) of the mold (1) becomes smaller from the first mold opening (6) towards the second mold opening (8) or an external diameter (22) of the stamp (20) becomes greater over the stamp length (23), and wherein on the wall surface (10) of the mold (1) or on the stamp surface (21), at least one compaction element (17) is arranged, characterized in that the compaction element (17) is configured to have a thread-like progression as a forming spiral with an oblique forming edge for compaction.
2. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of thread-like compaction elements (17) are arranged in the form of a multi-start thread.
3. The tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the plurality of compaction elements (17) of the multi-start thread are in each case offset to one another by an equal angular value.
4. The tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the thread-like compaction element or elements (17) comprises or comprises a thread pitch which changes over the length of the compaction element or elements (17).
5. The tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the compaction element or elements (17) has or have a beveled edge or a rounded edge.
6. The tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inner diameter (12) of the recess (5) in the mold (1) decreases linearly or the external diameter (22) of the stamp (20) increases linearly in the pressing direction (19).
7. The tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inner diameter (12) of the recess (5) in the mold (1) decreases progressively or degressively or the external diameter (22) of the stamp (20) increases progressively or degressively in the pressing direction (19).
8. The tool according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that an end section (18 or 24) of the recess (5) in the mold (1) or the stamp (20) is configured to be cylindrical.
9. A method for compacting the surface of a powder-metallurigcally produced component (2), comprising a tool which has a mold (1) and a stamp (20), wherein the component (2) is moved through the mold (1) or the stamp (20) is moved through a recess of the component (2), and in this way, the component (2) is compacted on the surface, characterized in that the compaction of the surface is performed in a tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the component (2) is moved in a linear movement along an axis (3) through the mold (1) or the stamp (20) is moved in a linear movement through the recess in the component (2) past the compaction element or elements (17), which is or are arranged in a thread-like manner, of the tool in the form of a forming spiral with an oblique forming edge for compaction.

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