EP2577002B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur speicherung und abgabe von energie - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur speicherung und abgabe von energie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2577002B1
EP2577002B1 EP11758090.2A EP11758090A EP2577002B1 EP 2577002 B1 EP2577002 B1 EP 2577002B1 EP 11758090 A EP11758090 A EP 11758090A EP 2577002 B1 EP2577002 B1 EP 2577002B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
pressurised
energy
gas
reservoir
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EP11758090.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2577002A2 (de
Inventor
Peter Wolf
Wolfgang Jaske
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • F01K21/04—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/004—Accumulation in the liquid branch of the circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/12—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having two or more accumulators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for storage and release of energy, wherein the energy is stored partly in water, wherein the water is heated. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for storing and releasing energy with a gas pressure accumulator.
  • Energy storage power plants to store excess energy to make it available at peak load times have long been known. These power plants are many different techniques for energy storage, such. As chemical storage, mechanical storage with moving flywheels, pump buzzing or compressed air storage in various designs on.
  • the waste heat of the air compressor unit is stored in a hot water storage to increase the efficiency of the turbine. Hot water is withdrawn from this hot water tank as needed and added to a partial pressure evaporator of the compressed air prior to entering the turbine for power generation.
  • the waste heat of the air compressor unit is used for energy and on the other hand, the turbine power is increased in the combustion of a fuel.
  • the hot water defined in the partial pressure evaporator must be sprayed into the compressed air to maintain the desired mixing ratio, with increasing emptying of the compressed air storage, the pressure conditions change greatly, which in turn makes the operation difficult.
  • AA-CAES Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage
  • the air storage power plants are usually due to the high temperatures to solid storage, which due to the low thermal conductivity of the materials used (mainly concrete and ceramic) have a poor heat transfer performance.
  • the solids used have a significantly lower heat storage capacity than, for example, water or oil.
  • a disadvantage of this type of energy storage and operation is that the stored energy is transmitted exclusively by the medium air with its low energy storage capacity, so that for the storage of energy disproportionately large pressure vessel in the form of z.
  • the invention is based on the object to solve the problems described in the storage and removal of energy in the form of heat and pressurized gas and to provide the energy in the shortest possible time while increasing the efficiency of energy storage in adiabatic systems.
  • the energy is therefore stored primarily not in a gas pressure accumulator, but in a water pressure accumulator, the energy is stored by pressure and heat change.
  • an additional gas pressure accumulator is provided which keeps the water in the water pressure accumulator under a defined pressure, so that even when emptying the water pressure accumulator for energy release defined pressure conditions prevail and the delivery of water or steam can be done under controlled and predetermined conditions.
  • the emptying of the water pressure accumulator must not be a complete emptying, but of course, the circumstances and the requirements also be a partial emptying.
  • the presented invention offers the possibility of stabilizing the supply of energy from naturally highly fluctuating renewable energies such as e.g. Solar or wind energy. Furthermore, by parallel connection of several energy storage systems of the type according to the invention and their separate regulation, the system releases the stored energy over a wide range again and can thus be used up to the base load range.
  • renewable energies such as e.g. Solar or wind energy.
  • the energy is not stored mainly in the gaseous medium and with the aid of the resulting in the compression of the compressed air and stored waste heat, which is used in the decompression to increase the power again .
  • the waste heat produced during the compression of a gas is used as the main energy source and the compressed gas for pressure regulation and pressure bias to store the waste heat energy and to provide it again. This results in some technical and, above all, economic benefits.
  • the technical problem to be solved is that a liquid, which is kept liquid under conditions of high vapor pressure, evaporates in the reservoir as soon as the container is emptied. For evaporation enthalpy is needed and the liquid cools down. This in turn means that no removal under stable static conditions is possible.
  • the invention relates to an energy storage, preferably operated with pressurized, hot water as a storage medium, wherein the physical conditions of the water in the storage container are kept constant when emptying.
  • This is preferably achieved in that a tempered and heated gas or superheated steam is replenished demand-oriented via a valve, so that the water in the memory can not evaporate and thus the water is deprived of energy as enthalpy of vaporization.
  • the pressure-side connection from the gas pressure accumulator to the water pressure accumulator is controlled so that the emptying of the water pressure accumulator takes place at constant pressure and constant temperature in the water pressure accumulator. This is the particularly preferred embodiment.
  • An oxygen-free gas is preferably used in the gas pressure accumulator.
  • This can also be superheated steam in a particularly favorable embodiment.
  • the gas pressure accumulator may be used as a separate unit associated with the water pressure accumulator, it is preferred that the gas pressure accumulator be included in the overall process. This is preferably done in that in the energy storage, a gas compression for storing the gas in the gas pressure accumulator takes place and the heat generated thereby is used to heat the water pressure accumulator.
  • the water pressure accumulator is emptied by the delivery of steam and thus a turbine is then driven to generate electricity.
  • other power generation machines can be used.
  • the energy not usable in the turbine or another power generation machine is then used in another way, in particular in an evaporation condenser, for the treatment of raw water to desalinated water.
  • an even more extensive use of the stored energy can take place.
  • the energy of the water pressure accumulator is used to reheat the previously discharged steam after passing through the turbine, so that it is used for a second passage through the turbine.
  • the steam discharged from the water pressure accumulator is further heated before passing through the turbine with a superheater.
  • the effectiveness of the process can be further increased.
  • a portion of the compressed gas is stored in the water pressure accumulator, so that the hot water in the water pressure accumulator can not evaporate.
  • the gas in the gas pressure accumulator preferably has at least the same pressure as the water stored in the water pressure accumulator. This can effectively prevent the hot water from evaporating in the water pressure accumulator.
  • the water from the water pressure accumulator is used directly as process steam. Even so, a good use of the energy stored in the water is possible.
  • the task of storing and releasing energy with a gas pressure accumulator is achieved in that the device a water pressure accumulator and a gas pressure accumulator, that the water pressure accumulator is connected to the gas pressure accumulator so that the pressure in the water pressure accumulator is adjustable and can be emptied to release energy of the water pressure accumulator at a correspondingly adjusted pressure.
  • the settings are conveniently carried out so that the physical conditions remain constant. The water pressure accumulator is then completely emptied at constant pressure and without cooling.
  • the pressure is adjustable so that the water pressure accumulator emits water vapor during emptying.
  • the release of water vapor is not absolutely necessary since it is also possible, for example, to work with a downstream overheating, in which steam is then produced.
  • the emptying does not have to be complete, but takes place to the extent that energy, in particular in the form of water vapor, is required.
  • the gas pressure accumulator and the water pressure accumulator with a gas compressor and associated gas pressure lines form a closed gas cycle.
  • the number of gas pressure accumulator and the water pressure accumulator is preferably at least two.
  • the number of gas pressure accumulator and water pressure accumulator can be increased as desired in this closed gas cycle, so for example, to three, four or more water pressure accumulator.
  • each water pressure accumulator is assigned a separate gas pressure accumulator.
  • the water pressure accumulator is connected via a steam line with a power generation unit, in particular a turbine or piston engine, wherein in the steam line preferably a steam control valve is arranged, with which the steam pressure is adjusted for operation of the turbine.
  • the gas compressor, the cooling water pipe, the pressurized water tank, a cooling water pump, a steam line, a turbine, the evaporation condenser, a water pipe, a water tank, a water pipe and a water pump preferably form a closed water cycle.
  • the gas pressure accumulator and the water pressure accumulator are connected to each other via a gas pressure line in which a pressure control valve is arranged, with which the pressure is adjusted, with which the water pressure accumulator is biased during the emptying process.
  • the turbine is followed by an evaporation condenser in which desalinated water is obtained by direct energy transfer from the condensation of water vapor from the turbine to raw water to be evaporated by evaporation and condensation in a condenser.
  • the energy is preferably used by steam generated by the evaporation condenser for recovering desalinated water in an energy recovery cycle consisting of the condenser, the raw water pipes and the raw water circulation pump for preheating the raw water in a raw water reservoir tank.
  • a heat exchanger for cooling the raw water supplied to the condenser is still arranged in the energy recovery circuit.
  • this heat exchanger is adjustable in its performance.
  • the amount of energy needed to produce the biased gas is several orders of magnitude smaller than the enthalpy of vaporization of the water in the water pressure accumulator, so that the energy required to maintain pressure and temperature is very small relative to the stored energy.
  • the gas compressor unit is cooled with water in a refrigeration cycle, wherein the water of the refrigeration circuit absorbs and stores the heat energy accumulated in the gas compression.
  • the water is advantageously and according to the invention at temperatures just below the value for critical water (374.15 ° C, 221.2 bar) heated, with higher or lower temperatures are possible in other modes of operation of the found method.
  • the water of the cooling circuit is collected in pressure vessels, which are acted upon by a part of the compressed gas from the closed gas cycle, wherein the applied pressure of the compressed gas may be higher than the actual pressure of the hot water.
  • compressed gas at least equal but preferably higher pressure is stored in one or more accumulator and surge tanks.
  • the hot water is supplied from the pressure vessels directly or via a heater to achieve the supercritical state of a turbine or other suitable unit as steam or superheated steam and relaxed and can thereby perform work that can be used to generate electricity.
  • Known measures to increase the efficiency of a steam turbine can be used at this point.
  • the inventive method has the advantage that the temperature and the pressure of the hot water (steam), kept constant during the emptying over the entire contents of the water tank and the energy can be provided at the desired temperature and pressure level.
  • compressed gas from the surge tanks in the hot water storage tanks are routed through an adjustable pressure reducing valve set to the desired working pressure.
  • the steam is condensed in a condensation unit arranged behind the turbine or other energy conversion unit, so that a negative pressure is created and the entire working band is used and losses can be minimized.
  • the condensation unit the water and possibly entrained compressed gas is separated and recovered.
  • the condensation unit can, for. B. from one in the patent application 102008045201.7 described evaporative condenser, so that the waste heat, which is obtained on a still well usable temperature level, z. B. can be used to obtain demineralized water.
  • the water cycle which changes over the phase change from liquid to gas and vice versa, thermal and kinetic energy into mechanical, is also closed.
  • This has the advantage that as usual in steam technology unproblematic desalted water can be used.
  • the water is again supplied to one or more free storage tanks, the gas accordingly free pressure vessels, where it can be stored at any pressure depending on the version.
  • the advantage of a pressurized water storage tank is that the energy stored in the water can also be used directly in process steam and heating circuit circuits.
  • Figure I shows one of the invention presented here, according to units and components listed, exemplary arrangement of a combined storage power plant with downstream plant for generation desalinated water. Other waste heat uses than the water treatment such. B. Power - heat - coupling are also possible, but are not shown separately.
  • the single dashed line indicates the flow of energy.
  • the double line which uses a thicker and a thinner line, indicates the gas flow.
  • the triple line with the thicker line in the middle and the two outer thinner lines indicates the flow of steam.
  • the simple solid line indicates the flow of water. This applies to both FIG. 1 as well as for FIG. 2 ,
  • the gas compressor 2 is supplied with usable energy as drive power.
  • the gas compressor 2 is advantageously supplied from an energy source 1 with electrical energy.
  • the energy source 1 can also provide mechanical energy for driving the gas compressor 2.
  • the gas compressor 2 forms with the gas pressure lines 3, 6, 9, the gas pressure accumulator 4 and the water pressure accumulator 8 a gas circulation.
  • the gas compressor 2 is cooled during the gas compression process via the cooling circuit consisting of the cooling water lines 10, 11, the cooling water pump 12 and the water pressure accumulator 8, so that the resulting during the gas compression process in the gas compressor 2 heat energy dissipated and stored in the water pressure accumulator 8 in the form of hot water becomes.
  • the cooling water of the cooling circuit is heated by recording the heat energy of the gas compressor 2 to advantageously about 370 ° C, ie just below the critical value, with other operation of the system other, lower and higher temperatures are possible.
  • the gas of the gas circulation is compressed by the gas compressor 2 at least to the value corresponding to the temperature of the water of about 220 bar, with higher pressures possible and may be more advantageous under certain conditions.
  • a portion of the compressed gas is preferably in the water pressure accumulator 8, so that the water in the water pressure accumulator 8 can not evaporate and is biased.
  • the gas pressure accumulator 4 which is connected via a gas pressure line 6 to the water pressure accumulator 8.
  • a pressure control valve 7 is arranged in the gas pressure line 6 between the gas pressure accumulator 4 and the water pressure accumulator 8.
  • the pressure control valve 7 serves to adjust the gas pressure, with the gas flows from the gas pressure accumulator 4 via the gas pressure line 6 in the water pressure accumulator 8 to keep the pressure in the water pressure accumulator 8 at the desired level during emptying.
  • Other technical solutions for water gas management are also possible.
  • the hot water from the water pressure accumulator 8 is for relaxation and to perform work via a steam line 13 and a superheater 36 of an energy conversion unit, in this example, a turbine 15 is supplied.
  • a steam control valve 14 is provided, through which the steam of the hot water from the water pressure accumulator 8 is set to the desired pressure in front of the turbine 15.
  • Other measures of pressure control are also possible.
  • the turbine 15 drives a power generator 16 to generate electrical energy from the thermal energy and the mechanical energy.
  • the relaxed, cooled steam is fed downstream of the turbine 15 via a steam line 17 according to the invention to an evaporation condenser 18 or another use.
  • the steam is condensed, so that a negative pressure is created, which supports the energy conversion process.
  • the desalinated water of the cooling circuit of the gas compressor 2 is recovered as condensate.
  • the condensate is fed from the evaporation condenser 18 via a water line 19 to a water reservoir 20.
  • the water is preferably kept ready for the cooling circuit of the gas compressor 2 and pumped as needed, so in renewed compression process for energy storage, via a water pipe 21 and a feed pump 22 in the cooling circuit of the gas compressor 2, preferably in the water pressure accumulator 8.
  • the cooling and condensation of the vapor in the evaporation condenser 18 is achieved by evaporation of raw water on the evaporator side of the evaporation condenser 18 and the associated energy transfer.
  • raw water can z. B. seawater can be used, so that the evaporation condenser 18 using the waste heat from the power generation in the turbine 15 allows the treatment of seawater to service water.
  • the raw water is in the example described arrangement in Figure I held in a raw water reservoir 23 and fed via a raw water line 25 by raw water pump 24 to the evaporation condenser 18.
  • the water vapor produced by evaporation is supplied via a steam line 26 to a condenser 27, where the energy contained in the water vapor to another energy recovery cycle, consisting of the raw water pipes 28, 29, the raw water circulation pump 30 and the heat exchanger 31 as a cooler, is transmitted.
  • the raw water is preheated in the raw water reservoir 23, so that the energy loss is minimal.
  • FIG. II shows a simpler form of energy recovery and transfer to the raw water.
  • the raw water is fed directly to the condenser 27 as a cooling medium and is thus preheated for the evaporation process in the evaporation condenser 18.
  • the achievable energy recovery rate is lower than in the Figure I outlined.
  • the condensate obtained in the condenser 27 is fed via a service water pipe 32 to a service water collecting tank 33.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP11758090.2A 2010-05-31 2011-05-31 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur speicherung und abgabe von energie Active EP2577002B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201010022088 DE102010022088A1 (de) 2010-05-31 2010-05-31 Grundlastfähiges Energiespeicherkraftwerk mit Brauchwasseraufbereitung
PCT/DE2011/001177 WO2012048670A2 (de) 2010-05-31 2011-05-31 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur speicherung und abgabe von energie

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2577002A2 EP2577002A2 (de) 2013-04-10
EP2577002B1 true EP2577002B1 (de) 2016-10-19

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EP11758090.2A Active EP2577002B1 (de) 2010-05-31 2011-05-31 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur speicherung und abgabe von energie

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP2577002B1 (pl)
DE (1) DE102010022088A1 (pl)
PL (1) PL2577002T3 (pl)
WO (1) WO2012048670A2 (pl)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2859196B1 (de) * 2012-06-11 2018-05-16 Arano-Trade Ltd. Energietransformations-system

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3939356A (en) * 1974-07-24 1976-02-17 General Public Utilities Corporation Hydro-air storage electrical generation system
DE2536447B2 (de) * 1974-09-16 1977-09-01 Gebruder Sulzer AG, Winterthur (Schweiz) Anlage zur speicherung von energie eines elektrischen versorgungsnetzes mittels druckluft und zur wiederverwertung derselben
CH593423A5 (pl) 1976-03-15 1977-11-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
DE2649136A1 (de) * 1976-10-28 1978-05-11 Wolf Klemm Antrieb, der mit in stroemungsmitteln gespeicherter energie betrieben wird
CH640601A5 (de) * 1979-09-07 1984-01-13 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gleichdruckluftspeicheranlage mit wasservorlage fuer gasturbinenkraftwerke.
DE3002892A1 (de) * 1979-12-05 1981-06-11 BBC AG Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden, Aargau Gleichdruckluftspeicheranlage mit wasservorlage fuer gasturbinenkraftwerke
CH659855A5 (de) * 1981-11-16 1987-02-27 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Luftspeicher-kraftwerk.
DE4427987A1 (de) 1994-08-08 1996-02-15 Abb Management Ag Luftspeicherturbine
DE19909611C1 (de) * 1999-03-05 2000-04-06 Gerhard Stock Gasausdehnungselement für eine Anordnung zum Umwandeln von thermischer in motorische Energie, insbesondere für einen Warmwassermotor
DE102006022783A1 (de) 2006-05-16 2007-05-03 Ed. Züblin Ag Wärmespeicher für adiabatische Druckluftspeicherung zum Zwecke der Energiespeicherung
KR100792790B1 (ko) * 2006-08-21 2008-01-10 한국기계연구원 압축공기저장발전시스템 및 이를 이용한 발전방법
ITBZ20070049A1 (it) * 2007-11-23 2009-05-24 Walu Tec Di Christoph Schwienb Apparecchiatura per il recupero di energia da macchine motorici
DE102008047557A1 (de) 2008-05-30 2009-12-03 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) Vorrichtung und Anlage zum Speichern von thermischer Energie
DE102009036550A1 (de) 2008-11-01 2010-05-06 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) Vorrichtung und Anlage zum Zwischenspeichern thermischer Energie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012048670A3 (de) 2014-06-12
PL2577002T3 (pl) 2017-03-31
EP2577002A2 (de) 2013-04-10
DE102010022088A1 (de) 2011-12-01
WO2012048670A2 (de) 2012-04-19

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