EP2576862B1 - Method for cold gas spraying a layer comprising a metallic and a polymeric structural phase - Google Patents

Method for cold gas spraying a layer comprising a metallic and a polymeric structural phase Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2576862B1
EP2576862B1 EP11723024.3A EP11723024A EP2576862B1 EP 2576862 B1 EP2576862 B1 EP 2576862B1 EP 11723024 A EP11723024 A EP 11723024A EP 2576862 B1 EP2576862 B1 EP 2576862B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plastic
particles
layer
coating particles
metallic
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Not-in-force
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EP11723024.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2576862A1 (en
Inventor
Jens Dahl Jensen
Oliver Stier
Raymond Ullrich
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B05D1/12—Applying particulate materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
    • B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0094—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with organic materials as the main non-metallic constituent, e.g. resin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/254—Polymeric or resinous material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cold gas spraying of a layer on a substrate, accelerated in the coating particles with a convergent-divergent nozzle in a cold gas jet and deposited on the substrate.
  • the layer produced on a metallic first structural phase of a metal or a metal alloy and a second structural phase of a plastic.
  • the invention relates to a component which has a layer with a metallic first structural phase of a metal or a metal alloy and a second structural phase of plastic and was preferably produced by cold gas spraying.
  • the method used to make this layer is a cold gas spraying process.
  • particles of a metal forming the matrix of the layer structure and, inter alia, particles of a plastic which are to form a soft phase in the matrix are processed jointly by the cold gas spraying process.
  • the finished layer then exhibits a closed matrix of the metal, in which the individual particles of the soft plastic phase can be recognized.
  • sheathed particles with a core of metal and a sheath of plastic can be processed by cold gas spraying. This creates layers in which both plastic and metal is incorporated.
  • a coating can also be produced by using particle mixtures of metal and plastic, as can be seen from the WO 2009/073196 A1 can be removed.
  • the DE 10 2008 023 569 A1 can be removed, such layers, consisting of a plastic matrix and embedded therein particles of metal, for example, as corrosion protection layers in power plants and in industry usable.
  • the object of the invention is to specify a method for producing a layer having a metallic first structural phase and a second structural phase made of plastic, with which comparatively many different materials can be processed and the degree of filling of plastic in the layer produced is set in a comparatively large range can be.
  • coating particles which consist of a material forming the metallic structural phase and are provided with a sheath made of plastic. Accordingly, therefore, no individual plastic particles are used, but it is the plastic, which is to form the second structural phase, firmly bonded to the metallic particles to be processed.
  • the coating particles according to the invention may themselves consist of a metal alloy, which is then deposited substantially in the composition of the particles in the layer.
  • the coating particles can also be mixed from different metals, wherein an alloying formation then takes place during the layer formation process, a subsequent heat treatment or during use.
  • the coating particles are supplied without an envelope of the nozzle or of a stagnation chamber arranged upstream of same, and at the same time a dispersion of plastic particles (in DE 10 2006 047 101 A1 described), wherein the plastic particles attach to the coating particles before they impinge on the substrate.
  • the liquid that forms the dispersion with the plastic particles evaporates, so that only the plastic particles adhere to the coating particles and thus form their coating.
  • the plastic particles should have smaller dimensions than the coating particles whose part they become by attachment.
  • the plastic particles are nanoparticles. These can be advantageously processed particularly well as a dispersion.
  • dispersions with PTFE nanoparticles in question which are sold for example by Dyneon and are referred to by the trade names PTFE 5032R, PTFE 5035R and PTFE 5050R.
  • thermoplastic fluoropolymer is used as the plastic.
  • PTFE Teflon
  • PFA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PFEP polymethyl methacrylate
  • FTFE FTFE
  • ECTFE ECTFE
  • PVDF thermoplastic fluoropolymer
  • Thermoplastic fluoropolymers advantageously have particularly good sliding properties, non-stick properties or hydrophobic properties and are therefore outstandingly suitable, for example, as dry lubricants.
  • these polymers are also relatively temperature stable, depending on the composition up to 400 ° C. They have a very high chemical resistance.
  • These properties can also be utilized in a composite material, such as the coating according to the invention.
  • nickel-PTFE composite coatings can be made with the microstructure composition given above.
  • the coating particles have a mean particle diameter of at least 5 ⁇ m and at most 10 ⁇ m , preferably at least 7 ⁇ m and at most 8 ⁇ m , measured without the Wrapping, exhibit. It has been found that metallic particles of this size can be easily separated by cold gas spraying. On the other hand, they still have a size that is low enough so that a fine distribution of the second structural phase made of plastic can be produced. Thus, the advantages mentioned above can be used as best as possible.
  • the process product of the method according to the invention is a component in which the second structural phase made of plastic in the layer is formed as a coherent network. This is made possible by the fact that the second structural phase made of plastic is applied as a coating of the coating particles forming the first structural phase of metal. This advantageously allows a very fine distribution of the plastic in the structure of the layer produced.
  • the first metallic structural phase is formed as a coherent matrix, wherein in each case the matrix of the metallic structural phase and the network of the second structural phase of plastic penetrate one another.
  • the spatial structures are thus interlocked. This has the advantage that at the same time fine distribution of the second structural phase of plastic, a firm cohesion of the first metallic structural phase is ensured.
  • the spatial structure of the structural phases in the layer depends primarily on the parameters of the production of the layer according to the invention. If the layer is produced on the component by cold gas spraying, for example, the kinetic energy with which the coating particles are sprayed can be changed. If this is lower striking, the coating particles do not deform so much when hitting the component, so that the envelope remains largely intact and thus forms a coherent network, which at least largely surrounds the coating particles. The first metallic microstructure phase forming from the coating particles is therefore essentially not coherent.
  • the kinetic energy with which the coating particles are processed can be increased.
  • the plastic of the envelope is more displaced upon impact of the coating particles on the component or partially evaporated due to the strong local increase, so that adjacent metallic coating particles cake together and thereby a total of a coherent matrix is formed.
  • sufficient plastic material of the covering remains, so that this too can form a coherent network.
  • Another way to influence the layer composition and the formation of the structural phases is to modify the thickness of the envelope.
  • the thinner the coating the less plastic is incorporated into the structure of the layer and the sooner forms a coherent matrix of the first metallic structural phase. Conversely, this is prevented when the coating of the coating particles is made thicker.
  • the component produced by the method according to the invention can be advantageously used as a bearing component of a plain bearing.
  • the layer on the component their fully utilize excellent dry lubrication properties.
  • the component is its use as a flow component.
  • the layer of the invention is advantageous because it reduces the tendency to adhere ice or dirt, the surfaces formed are easy to clean, and by lower friction, for example, abrasive particles and the wear is reduced because the surface of the layer according to the invention excellent tribological properties having.
  • the risk of corrosion in environmental influences is reduced because z. B. raindrops and therefore can not train local elements that would favor, for example, a pitting corrosion.
  • As possible flow components are rotor blades of wind turbines and body parts of transport to call.
  • the term "means of transport" is to be understood broadly. It means vehicles, planes, ships and trains alike.
  • the use of the component as a cladding component in particular of buildings, such as a facade element, is advantageous. This makes it easy to produce facades that need to be freed less often or not at all from dirt. Again, a tendency to corrosion of the trim components can be reduced.
  • the cold gas spraying process according to the invention can be carried out with a cold gas spraying nozzle 11 according to FIG. 1 be performed.
  • This has a convergent section 12 and a divergent section 13 and a throat 14.
  • Such a nozzle is called a convergent-divergent nozzle.
  • the convergent portion 12 of the cold spray nozzle 11 is in communication with a stagnation chamber 15 into which different feed pipes open.
  • a particle feed tube 16 for coating particles 17 opens centrally into the stagnation chamber. Furthermore, a ring of suspension feed tubes 18 is arranged in the stagnation chamber, through which a suspension consisting of a suspending agent, for example water, and plastic particles, in Direction of the indicated arrows 19 can be introduced into the stagnation chamber. The dispersion mixes with the coating particles 17, so that the plastic particles 20 can be deposited on the coating particles 17 and thereby form an envelope 21 ( FIG. 3 ).
  • a suspending agent for example water
  • the coating particle 17, as FIG. 2 can be seen, but first wetted by the plastic particles 20 dispersion 22.
  • the dispersion medium evaporates at the latest after the expansion of the cold gas jet in the divergent part 13 of the nozzle 11 quite fast, so that the particles 17 remain with the sheath 21 of the plastic particles 20.
  • the plastic particles 20 have dimensions in the nanometer range, while the metallic portions of the coating particles 17 have an average diameter of approximately 8 ⁇ m.
  • a component 23 according to FIG. 4 consists of a substrate 24 on which a layer 25 is deposited.
  • the layer 25 has a first structural phase of metal 26, which is embedded in a second structural phase 27 made of plastic.
  • Plastic structural phase 27 thus forms a coherent network in layer 25.
  • the layer 25 is constructed slightly differently.
  • the coating particles form a coherent matrix, so that the first metallic structural phase 26 also results in a coherent network. This is penetrated by the network of the second structure phase 27 made of plastic, so that both structural phases are entangled, so to speak, or interwoven with each other in other words.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Kaltgasspritzen einer Schicht auf einem Substrat, bei dem Beschichtungspartikel mit einer konvergent-divergenten Düse in einem Kaltgasstrahl beschleunigt und auf dem Substrat abgeschieden werden. Dabei weist die erzeugte Schicht eine metallische erste Gefügephase aus einem Metall oder einer Metalllegierung auf und eine zweite Gefügephase aus einem Kunststoff.The invention relates to a method for cold gas spraying of a layer on a substrate, accelerated in the coating particles with a convergent-divergent nozzle in a cold gas jet and deposited on the substrate. In this case, the layer produced on a metallic first structural phase of a metal or a metal alloy and a second structural phase of a plastic.

Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Bauteil, das eine Schicht mit einer metallischen ersten Gefügephase aus einem Metall oder einer Metalllegierung und eine zweite Gefügephase aus Kunststoff aufweist und vorzugsweise durch Kaltgasspritzen hergestellt wurde.Furthermore, the invention relates to a component which has a layer with a metallic first structural phase of a metal or a metal alloy and a second structural phase of plastic and was preferably produced by cold gas spraying.

Ein Verfahren sowie ein Bauteil der eingangs angegebenen Art ist beispielsweise aus der US 2007/0042218 A1 bekannt. Das Verfahren, das zur Herstellung dieser Schicht angewendet wird, ist ein Kaltgasspritzverfahren. Hierbei werden Partikel eines die Matrix des Schichtgefüges ausbildenden Metalls sowie u. a. Partikel eines Kunststoffs, welche eine weiche Phase in der Matrix ausbilden soll, gemeinsam durch das Kaltgasspritzverfahren verarbeitet. Die fertige Schicht weist dann eine geschlossene Matrix des Metalls aus, in der sich die einzelnen Partikel der weichen Phase aus Kunststoff erkennen lassen.A method and a component of the type specified, for example, from US 2007/0042218 A1 known. The method used to make this layer is a cold gas spraying process. In this case, particles of a metal forming the matrix of the layer structure and, inter alia, particles of a plastic which are to form a soft phase in the matrix are processed jointly by the cold gas spraying process. The finished layer then exhibits a closed matrix of the metal, in which the individual particles of the soft plastic phase can be recognized.

Gemäß der DE 10 2006 019 900 A1 ist beschrieben, dass gemantelte Partikel mit einem Kern aus Metall und einer Ummantelung aus Kunststoff durch Kaltgasspritzen verarbeitet werden können. Hierbei entstehen Schichten, in die sowohl Kunststoff als auch Metall eingebaut wird. Alternativ kann eine solche Beschichtung auch durch Verwendung von Partikelgemischen aus Metall und Kunststoff erzeugt werden, wie dies sich auch aus der WO 2009/073196 A1 entnehmen lässt.According to the DE 10 2006 019 900 A1 It is described that sheathed particles with a core of metal and a sheath of plastic can be processed by cold gas spraying. This creates layers in which both plastic and metal is incorporated. Alternatively, such a coating can also be produced by using particle mixtures of metal and plastic, as can be seen from the WO 2009/073196 A1 can be removed.

Wie sich beispielsweise der DE 10 2008 023 569 A1 entnehmen lässt, sind derartige Schichten, bestehend aus einer Kunststoffmatrix und darin eingelagerten Partikeln aus Metall, beispielsweise als Korrosionsschutzschichten in Kraftwerken und in der Industrie verwendbar.How, for example, the DE 10 2008 023 569 A1 can be removed, such layers, consisting of a plastic matrix and embedded therein particles of metal, for example, as corrosion protection layers in power plants and in industry usable.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung liegt darin, ein Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer Schicht mit einer metallischen ersten Gefügephase und einer zweiten Gefügephase aus Kunststoff anzugeben, mit der sich vergleichsweise viele unterschiedliche Materialien verarbeiten lassen und der Füllgrad an Kunststoff in der erzeugten Schicht in einem vergleichsweise großen Bereich eingestellt werden kann.The object of the invention is to specify a method for producing a layer having a metallic first structural phase and a second structural phase made of plastic, with which comparatively many different materials can be processed and the degree of filling of plastic in the layer produced is set in a comparatively large range can be.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit dem eingangs genannten Verfahren erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass Beschichtungspartikel verwendet werden, die aus einem die metallische Gefügephase bildenden Werkstoff bestehen und mit einer Umhüllung aus Kunststoff versehen sind. Demgemäß werden also keine einzelnen Kunststoffpartikel verwendet, sondern es wird der Kunststoff, der die zweite Gefügephase bilden soll, fest an die zu verarbeitenden metallischen Partikel gebunden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der Kunststoff, der eine wesentlich geringere Dichte hat als das Metall der Partikel, fest an den metallischen Partikeln anhaftet. Deswegen wird auch der Kunststoff in dem Kaltgasspritzverfahren in gleicher Weise beschleunigt und profitiert von der hohen Einschlaggeschwindigkeit, die die Metallpartikel mit der wesentlich höheren Dichte erreichen. Hierdurch ist vorteilhaft eine unproblematischere Abscheidung von Kunststoff in der zu bildenden Schicht möglich. Dies ist anders, als wenn er wie in der eingangs erwähnten US 2007/0042218 A1 gesondert als Partikel dem Kaltgasstrahl zugeführt wird, und nur bis zu einer gewissen Grenzkonzentration in dem metallischen Gefüge der Schicht untergebracht werden kann. Darüber hinaus fallen die Kunststoffpartikel von der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche ab und werden nicht in diese eingebaut. Die erfindungsgemäß vorliegenden Beschichtungspartikel können dabei selbst aus einer Metalllegierung bestehen, wobei diese dann im Wesentlichen in der Zusammensetzung der Partikel in der Schicht abgeschieden wird. Die Beschichtungspartikel können aber auch aus unterschiedlichen Metallen gemischt werden, wobei eine Legierungsbildung dann während des Schichtbildungsprozesses, einer nachträglichen Wärmebehandlung oder während der Benutzung zustande kommt.This object is achieved with the method mentioned in the present invention in that coating particles are used, which consist of a material forming the metallic structural phase and are provided with a sheath made of plastic. Accordingly, therefore, no individual plastic particles are used, but it is the plastic, which is to form the second structural phase, firmly bonded to the metallic particles to be processed. This has the advantage that the plastic, which has a much lower density than the metal of the particles, firmly attached to the metallic Adhering to particles. Therefore, the plastic in the cold gas spraying is accelerated in the same way and benefits from the high impact speed, which reach the metal particles with the much higher density. As a result, advantageously a more problematic deposition of plastic in the layer to be formed is possible. This is different than if he like in the aforementioned US 2007/0042218 A1 is supplied separately as a particle the cold gas jet, and can be accommodated only up to a certain limit concentration in the metallic structure of the layer. In addition, the plastic particles fall from the surface to be coated and are not installed in this. The coating particles according to the invention may themselves consist of a metal alloy, which is then deposited substantially in the composition of the particles in the layer. However, the coating particles can also be mixed from different metals, wherein an alloying formation then takes place during the layer formation process, a subsequent heat treatment or during use.

Erfindungsgemäß ist außerdem vorgesehen, dass die Beschichtungspartikel ohne eine Umhüllung der Düse oder einer dieser vorgelagerten Stagnationskammer zugeführt werden und gleichzeitig eine Dispersion von Kunststoffpartikeln (in DE 10 2006 047 101 A1 beschrieben) zugeführt wird, wobei sich die Kunststoffpartikel an die Beschichtungspartikel anlagern, bevor diese auf das Substrat auftreffen. Dabei verdampft die Flüssigkeit, die die Dispersion mit den Kunststoffpartikeln bildet, so dass lediglich die Kunststoffpartikel auf den Beschichtungspartikeln haften bleiben und so deren Umhüllung bilden. Hierbei sollten die Kunststoffpartikel geringere Abmessungen aufweisen als die Beschichtungspartikel, deren Teil sie durch Anlagerung werden. Vorzugsweise sind die Kunststoffpartikel Nanopartikel. Diese können als Dispersion vorteilhaft besonders gut verarbeitet werden. Der Vorteil einer Durchführung des Beschichtungsverfahrens mit Kunststoffdispersionen ist, dass eine größere Vielfalt von verschiedenen Werkstoffzusammenstellungen verarbeitet werden kann, ohne dass hierbei eine erhöhte Lagerhaltung an vorgefertigten Partikeln notwendig ist. Als Dispersion für Kunststoffe kommen beispielsweise Dispersionen mit PTFE-Nanopar-tikeln in Frage, die beispielsweise von der Firma Dyneon vertrieben werden und mit den Handelsnamen PTFE 5032R, PTFE 5035R und PTFE 5050R bezeichnet werden.According to the invention, it is additionally provided that the coating particles are supplied without an envelope of the nozzle or of a stagnation chamber arranged upstream of same, and at the same time a dispersion of plastic particles (in DE 10 2006 047 101 A1 described), wherein the plastic particles attach to the coating particles before they impinge on the substrate. In this case, the liquid that forms the dispersion with the plastic particles evaporates, so that only the plastic particles adhere to the coating particles and thus form their coating. Here, the plastic particles should have smaller dimensions than the coating particles whose part they become by attachment. Preferably, the plastic particles are nanoparticles. These can be advantageously processed particularly well as a dispersion. The advantage of carrying out the coating process with plastic dispersions is that a greater variety of different compositions of materials can be processed without requiring increased storage of prefabricated particles. As a dispersion for plastics, for example, dispersions with PTFE nanoparticles in question, which are sold for example by Dyneon and are referred to by the trade names PTFE 5032R, PTFE 5035R and PTFE 5050R.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass als Kunststoff ein thermoplastisches Fluorpolymer zum Einsatz kommt. Insbesondere PTFE (Teflon) und/oder PFA und/oder PFEP und/oder FTFE und/oder ECTFE und/oder PVDF. Thermoplastische Fluorpolymere weisen vorteilhaft besonders gute Gleiteigenschaften, Antihafteigenschaften bzw. Hydrophobieeigenschaften auf und eignen sich daher beispielsweise hervorragend als Trockenschmierstoffe. Zudem sind diese Polymere auch verhältnismäßig temperaturstabil, je nach Zusammensetzung bis zu 400 °C. Sie besitzen eine sehr hohe chemische Beständigkeit. Diese Eigenschaften können auch in einem Kompositmaterial, wie dies die erfindungsgemäße Beschichtung darstellt, genutzt werden. So können beispielsweise Nickel-PTFE-Kompositbeschichtungen mit der oben angegebenen Gefügezusammensetzung hergestellt werden.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a thermoplastic fluoropolymer is used as the plastic. In particular PTFE (Teflon) and / or PFA and / or PFEP and / or FTFE and / or ECTFE and / or PVDF. Thermoplastic fluoropolymers advantageously have particularly good sliding properties, non-stick properties or hydrophobic properties and are therefore outstandingly suitable, for example, as dry lubricants. In addition, these polymers are also relatively temperature stable, depending on the composition up to 400 ° C. They have a very high chemical resistance. These properties can also be utilized in a composite material, such as the coating according to the invention. For example, nickel-PTFE composite coatings can be made with the microstructure composition given above.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Beschichtungspartikel einen mittleren Partikeldurchmesser von mindestens 5 µm und höchstens 10 µm, bevorzugt mindestens 7 µm und höchstens 8 µm, gemessen ohne die Umhüllung, aufweisen. Hierbei hat es sich herausgestellt, dass metallische Partikel dieser Größe sich unproblematisch durch Kaltgasspritzen abscheiden lassen. Auf der anderen Seite besitzen diese noch eine Größe, die gering genug ist, damit sich eine feine Verteilung der zweiten Gefügephase aus Kunststoff herstellen lässt. Damit können die oben angegebenen Vorteile bestmöglich genutzt werden.According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the coating particles have a mean particle diameter of at least 5 μm and at most 10 μm , preferably at least 7 μm and at most 8 μm , measured without the Wrapping, exhibit. It has been found that metallic particles of this size can be easily separated by cold gas spraying. On the other hand, they still have a size that is low enough so that a fine distribution of the second structural phase made of plastic can be produced. Thus, the advantages mentioned above can be used as best as possible.

Das Verfahrensprodukt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist ein Bauteil, bei dem die zweite Gefügephase aus Kunststoff in der Schicht als zusammenhängendes Netzwerk ausgebildet ist. Dies wird dadurch ermöglicht, dass die zweite Gefügephase aus Kunststoff als Umhüllung der die erste Gefügephase aus Metall ausbildenden Beschichtungspartikel aufgebracht ist. Hierdurch ist vorteilhaft eine sehr feine Verteilung des Kunststoffes in dem Gefüge der hergestellten Schicht möglich.The process product of the method according to the invention is a component in which the second structural phase made of plastic in the layer is formed as a coherent network. This is made possible by the fact that the second structural phase made of plastic is applied as a coating of the coating particles forming the first structural phase of metal. This advantageously allows a very fine distribution of the plastic in the structure of the layer produced.

Vorteilhaft ist es im Übrigen, wenn die erste metallische Gefügephase als zusammenhängende Matrix ausgebildet ist, wobei sich in jedem Fall die Matrix der metallischen Gefügephase und das Netzwerk der zweiten Gefügephase aus Kunststoff gegenseitig durchdringen. Die räumlichen Strukturen liegen somit ineinander verschränkt vor. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass bei gleichzeitig feiner Verteilung der zweiten Gefügephase aus Kunststoff ein fester Zusammenhalt der ersten metallischen Gefügephase gewährleistet ist.It is advantageous, moreover, if the first metallic structural phase is formed as a coherent matrix, wherein in each case the matrix of the metallic structural phase and the network of the second structural phase of plastic penetrate one another. The spatial structures are thus interlocked. This has the advantage that at the same time fine distribution of the second structural phase of plastic, a firm cohesion of the first metallic structural phase is ensured.

Welche räumliche Struktur die Gefügephasen in der Schicht aufweisen, hängt in erster Linie von den Parametern der Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Schicht ab. Wird die Schicht auf dem Bauteil durch Kaltgasspritzen hergestellt, kann beispielsweise die kinetische Energie verändert werden, mit der die Beschichtungspartikel verspritzt werden. Wenn diese geringer auffällt, so verformen sich die Beschichtungspartikel beim Auftreffen auf das Bauteil nicht so stark, so dass die Umhüllung weitgehend erhalten bleibt und so ein zusammenhängendes Netzwerk ausbildet, welches die Beschichtungspartikel zumindest noch weitgehend umgibt. Die sich aus den Beschichtungspartikeln bildende erste metallische Gefügephase ist daher im Wesentlichen nicht zusammenhängend.The spatial structure of the structural phases in the layer depends primarily on the parameters of the production of the layer according to the invention. If the layer is produced on the component by cold gas spraying, for example, the kinetic energy with which the coating particles are sprayed can be changed. If this is lower striking, the coating particles do not deform so much when hitting the component, so that the envelope remains largely intact and thus forms a coherent network, which at least largely surrounds the coating particles. The first metallic microstructure phase forming from the coating particles is therefore essentially not coherent.

Um die erste metallische Gefügephase als zusammenhängende Matrix herzustellen, kann die kinetische Energie erhöht werden, mit der die Beschichtungspartikel verarbeitet werden. Hierdurch wird der Kunststoff der Umhüllung beim Auftreffen der Beschichtungspartikel auf das Bauteil stärker verdrängt bzw. aufgrund der starken lokalen Erhöhung auch teilweise verdampft, so dass benachbarte metallische Beschichtungspartikel zusammenbacken und hierdurch insgesamt eine zusammenhängende Matrix ausgebildet wird. Allerdings bleibt beispielsweise außerhalb der Auftreffzone der Partikel noch genügend Kunststoffmaterial der Umhüllung übrig, so dass auch dieses ein zusammenhängendes Netzwerk ausbilden kann.In order to produce the first metallic structural phase as a coherent matrix, the kinetic energy with which the coating particles are processed can be increased. As a result, the plastic of the envelope is more displaced upon impact of the coating particles on the component or partially evaporated due to the strong local increase, so that adjacent metallic coating particles cake together and thereby a total of a coherent matrix is formed. However, for example, outside of the impact zone of the particles, sufficient plastic material of the covering remains, so that this too can form a coherent network.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit, die Schichtzusammensetzung und die Ausbildung der Gefügephasen zu beeinflussen, liegt darin, die Dicke der Umhüllung zu modifizieren. Je dünner die Umhüllung ist, desto weniger Kunststoff ist in das Gefüge der Schicht eingebaut und desto eher bildet sich auch eine zusammenhängende Matrix der ersten metallischen Gefügephase aus. Andersherum wird dies verhindert, wenn die Umhüllung der Beschichtungspartikel mit einer größeren Dicke ausgeführt wird.Another way to influence the layer composition and the formation of the structural phases, is to modify the thickness of the envelope. The thinner the coating, the less plastic is incorporated into the structure of the layer and the sooner forms a coherent matrix of the first metallic structural phase. Conversely, this is prevented when the coating of the coating particles is made thicker.

Das nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellte Bauteil kann vorteilhaft als Lagerbauteil einer Gleitlagerung verwendet werden. Hierbei kann die Schicht auf dem Bauteil ihre hervorragenden Trockenschmiereigenschaften voll zum Einsatz bringen.The component produced by the method according to the invention can be advantageously used as a bearing component of a plain bearing. Here, the layer on the component their fully utilize excellent dry lubrication properties.

Eine andere Verwendung des Bauteils ist die Verwendung als Strömungsbauteil. Damit sind Bauteile gemeint, die insbesondere von einem flüssigen oder gasförmigen Medium umströmt werden. Hierbei ist die erfindungsgemäße Schicht von Vorteil, da diese die Neigung zur Anhaftung von Eis oder Schmutz verringert, die gebildeten Oberflächen leicht zu reinigen sind, und durch geringere Reibung beispielsweise abrasiver Partikel auch der Verschleiß vermindert wird, da die Oberfläche der erfindungsgemäßen Schicht hervorragende tribologische Eigenschaften aufweist. Zuletzt verringert sich auch die Korrosionsgefahr bei Umwelteinflüssen, weil z. B. Regentropfen abperlen und sich daher keine Lokalelemente ausbilden können, die beispielsweise eine Lochfraßkorrosion begünstigen würden. Als mögliche Strömungsbauteile sind Rotorblätter von Windkraftanlagen sowie Karosserieteile von Verkehrsmitteln zu nennen. Der Ausdruck "Verkehrsmittel" ist dabei breit zu verstehen. Es sind Fahrzeuge, Flugzeuge, Schiffe und auch Züge hiermit gleichermaßen gemeint.Another use of the component is its use as a flow component. This means components that are in particular flowed around by a liquid or gaseous medium. Here, the layer of the invention is advantageous because it reduces the tendency to adhere ice or dirt, the surfaces formed are easy to clean, and by lower friction, for example, abrasive particles and the wear is reduced because the surface of the layer according to the invention excellent tribological properties having. Finally, the risk of corrosion in environmental influences is reduced because z. B. raindrops and therefore can not train local elements that would favor, for example, a pitting corrosion. As possible flow components are rotor blades of wind turbines and body parts of transport to call. The term "means of transport" is to be understood broadly. It means vehicles, planes, ships and trains alike.

Auch die Verwendung des Bauteils als Verkleidungsbauteil insbesondere von Bauwerken, wie zum Beispiel als Fassadenelement, ist vorteilhaft. Hierdurch lassen sich leicht zu reinigende Fassaden erzeugen, die seltener oder gar nicht von Schmutz befreit werden müssen. Auch hier kann eine Korrosionsneigung der Verkleidungsbauteile verringert werden.The use of the component as a cladding component in particular of buildings, such as a facade element, is advantageous. This makes it easy to produce facades that need to be freed less often or not at all from dirt. Again, a tendency to corrosion of the trim components can be reduced.

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Gleiche oder sich entsprechende Zeichnungselemente sind jeweils mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen und werden nur insoweit mehrfach erläutert, wie sich Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Figuren ergeben. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sowie eine hierzu geeignete, modifizierte Kaltgasspritzdüse mit Stagnationskammer,
Figur 2 und 3
Ausführungsbeispiele von Beschichtungspartikeln, wie sie in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Einsatz kommen können, als Querschnitte und
Figur 4 und 5
Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Bauteils mit der erfindungsgemäßen Schicht als Teilschnitte.
Further details of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing. Identical or corresponding drawing elements are each provided with the same reference numerals and will only be explained several times as far as There are differences between the individual figures. Show it:
FIG. 1
An embodiment of the method according to the invention and a suitable for this purpose, modified cold gas spraying nozzle with stagnation chamber,
FIGS. 2 and 3
Embodiments of coating particles, as they can be used in the inventive method, as cross sections and
FIGS. 4 and 5
Exemplary embodiments of the component produced according to the invention with the layer according to the invention as partial sections.

Das erfindungsgemäße Kaltgasspritzverfahren kann mit einer Kaltgasspritzdüse 11 gemäß Figur 1 durchgeführt werden. Diese weist einen konvergenten Abschnitt 12 und einen divergenten Abschnitt 13 und eine Kehle 14 auf. Eine solche Düse wird als konvergent-divergente Düse bezeichnet. Der konvergente Anteil 12 der Kaltspritzdüse 11 steht in Verbindung mit einer Stagnationskammer 15, in die verschiedene Zuführungsrohre münden.The cold gas spraying process according to the invention can be carried out with a cold gas spraying nozzle 11 according to FIG. 1 be performed. This has a convergent section 12 and a divergent section 13 and a throat 14. Such a nozzle is called a convergent-divergent nozzle. The convergent portion 12 of the cold spray nozzle 11 is in communication with a stagnation chamber 15 into which different feed pipes open.

Ein Partikelzuführrohr 16 für Beschichtungspartikel 17 mündet zentral in die Stagnationskammer. Weiterhin ist ein Kranz von Suspensionszuführrohren 18 in der Stagnationskammer angeordnet, durch die eine Suspension, bestehend aus einem Suspensionsmittel, beispielsweise Wasser, und Kunststoffpartikeln, in Richtung der angedeuteten Pfeile 19 in die Stagnationskammer eingeführt werden kann. Die Dispersion vermischt sich mit den Beschichtungspartikeln 17, so dass die Kunststoffpartikel 20 auf den Beschichtungspartikeln 17 angelagert werden können und dadurch eine Umhüllung 21 bilden (Figur 3).A particle feed tube 16 for coating particles 17 opens centrally into the stagnation chamber. Furthermore, a ring of suspension feed tubes 18 is arranged in the stagnation chamber, through which a suspension consisting of a suspending agent, for example water, and plastic particles, in Direction of the indicated arrows 19 can be introduced into the stagnation chamber. The dispersion mixes with the coating particles 17, so that the plastic particles 20 can be deposited on the coating particles 17 and thereby form an envelope 21 ( FIG. 3 ).

Vorher wird das Beschichtungspartikel 17, wie Figur 2 zu entnehmen ist, jedoch zunächst von der die Kunststoffpartikel 20 Dispersion 22 benetzt. Das Dispersionsmittel verdampft jedoch spätestens nach der Entspannung des Kaltgasstrahls im divergenten Teil 13 der Düse 11 recht schnell, so dass die Partikel 17 mit der Umhüllung 21 aus den Kunststoffpartikeln 20 übrig bleiben. Die Kunststoffpartikel 20 weisen Abmessungen im Nanometerbereich auf, während die metallischen Anteile der Beschichtungspartikel 17 einen mittleren Durchmesser von ungefähr 8 µm aufweisen.Before, the coating particle 17, as FIG. 2 can be seen, but first wetted by the plastic particles 20 dispersion 22. However, the dispersion medium evaporates at the latest after the expansion of the cold gas jet in the divergent part 13 of the nozzle 11 quite fast, so that the particles 17 remain with the sheath 21 of the plastic particles 20. The plastic particles 20 have dimensions in the nanometer range, while the metallic portions of the coating particles 17 have an average diameter of approximately 8 μm.

Ein Bauteil 23 gemäß Figur 4 besteht aus einem Substrat 24, auf dem eine Schicht 25 abgeschieden ist. Die Schicht 25 weist eine erste Gefügephase aus Metall 26 auf, die in eine zweite Gefügephase 27 aus Kunststoff eingebettet ist. Die Gefügephase 27 aus Kunststoff bildet somit ein zusammenhängendes Netzwerk in der Schicht 25.A component 23 according to FIG. 4 consists of a substrate 24 on which a layer 25 is deposited. The layer 25 has a first structural phase of metal 26, which is embedded in a second structural phase 27 made of plastic. Plastic structural phase 27 thus forms a coherent network in layer 25.

Bei dem Bauteil 23 gemäß Figur 5 ist die Schicht 25 etwas anders aufgebaut. Hier bilden die Beschichtungspartikel eine zusammenhängende Matrix aus, so dass auch die erste metallische Gefügephase 26 ein zusammenhängendes Netzwerk ergibt. Dieses ist durch das Netzwerk der zweiten Gefügephase 27 aus Kunststoff durchdrungen, so dass beide Gefügephasen sozusagen verschränkt oder mit anderen Worten miteinander verwoben sind.In the component 23 according to FIG. 5 the layer 25 is constructed slightly differently. Here, the coating particles form a coherent matrix, so that the first metallic structural phase 26 also results in a coherent network. This is penetrated by the network of the second structure phase 27 made of plastic, so that both structural phases are entangled, so to speak, or interwoven with each other in other words.

Claims (7)

  1. Process for cold spraying a layer (25) on a substrate (24), in which process coating particles (17) are accelerated with a convergent-divergent nozzle (11) in a cold gas jet and deposited on the substrate, wherein the produced layer (24) has a metallic first microstructure phase (26) and a second microstructure phase (27) made of a plastic, wherein use is made of coating particles (17) which consist of a material forming the metallic microstructure phase and are provided with an encapsulation (21) made of the plastic,
    characterized
    in that the coating particles (17) are fed without an encapsulation to the nozzle (11) or to a stagnation chamber (15) arranged upstream thereof, and at the same time a dispersion of plastic particles (20) is supplied, wherein the plastic particles (20) have smaller dimensions than the coating particles (17) and accumulate on the coating particles before the latter come into contact with the substrate.
  2. Process according to Claim 1,
    characterized
    in that the plastic used is a thermoplastic fluoropolymer.
  3. Process according to either of the preceding claims,
    characterized
    in that the coating particles (17) have a mean particle diameter of at least 5 µm and at most 10 µm.
  4. Process according to either of Claims 1 and 2,
    characterized
    in that the coating particles (17) have a mean particle diameter of at least 7 µm and at most 8 µm, measured without the encapsulation.
  5. Use of a substrate produced according to one of Claims 1 to 4 as a bearing component of a plain bearing.
  6. Use of a substrate produced according to one of Claims 1 to 4 as a flow component, in particular as a rotor blade of wind power plants or as a body part of means of transportation.
  7. Use of a substrate produced according to one of Claims 1 to 4 as a cladding component, in particular of structures.
EP11723024.3A 2010-05-31 2011-05-20 Method for cold gas spraying a layer comprising a metallic and a polymeric structural phase Not-in-force EP2576862B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102010022593A DE102010022593A1 (en) 2010-05-31 2010-05-31 Process for the cold gas spraying of a layer with a metallic structural phase and a plastic structural phase, component with such a layer and uses of this component
PCT/EP2011/058286 WO2011151205A1 (en) 2010-05-31 2011-05-20 Method for cold gas spraying of a layer having a metal microstructure phase and a microstructure phase made of plastic, component having such a layer, and use of said component

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EP2576862A1 EP2576862A1 (en) 2013-04-10
EP2576862B1 true EP2576862B1 (en) 2017-11-15

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EP (1) EP2576862B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102918181B (en)
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WO (1) WO2011151205A1 (en)

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DE102010022593A1 (en) 2010-05-31 2011-12-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process for the cold gas spraying of a layer with a metallic structural phase and a plastic structural phase, component with such a layer and uses of this component
CN103080377B (en) * 2010-07-15 2016-03-02 联邦科学与工业研究组织 Surface treatment
DE102011052118A1 (en) * 2011-07-25 2013-01-31 Eckart Gmbh Method for applying a coating to a substrate, coating and use of particles
CN102814270B (en) * 2012-08-22 2014-07-09 天津东汽风电叶片工程有限公司 One-time integral paint spraying method for paint coating of wind power blade and paint spraying special tool
EP2781616A1 (en) * 2013-03-19 2014-09-24 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Method for coating a component of a turbomachine and coated component for a turbomachine
CN106413913A (en) * 2014-04-15 2017-02-15 联邦科学与工业研究组织 Process for producing a preform using cold spray
WO2018130615A1 (en) 2017-01-13 2018-07-19 Universitat De Barcelona Process for obtaining a dense hydrophobic icephobic wear-resistant coating by means of cold gas spray technique
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CN111390162B (en) * 2020-05-07 2022-01-11 上海凯林新技术实业公司 Preparation and application method of aluminum-coated polytetrafluoroethylene powder

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WO2011151205A1 (en) 2011-12-08
US9610605B2 (en) 2017-04-04
DE102010022593A1 (en) 2011-12-01
CN102918181B (en) 2015-05-27
EP2576862A1 (en) 2013-04-10
CN102918181A (en) 2013-02-06

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