EP2575153A2 - Switch pole unit - Google Patents

Switch pole unit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2575153A2
EP2575153A2 EP12184683A EP12184683A EP2575153A2 EP 2575153 A2 EP2575153 A2 EP 2575153A2 EP 12184683 A EP12184683 A EP 12184683A EP 12184683 A EP12184683 A EP 12184683A EP 2575153 A2 EP2575153 A2 EP 2575153A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pole unit
switch pole
movable contact
contact
unit according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12184683A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2575153B1 (en
EP2575153A3 (en
Inventor
Stefan Dipl. Ing. Bünger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fritz Driescher KG Spezialfabrik fur Elektrizitatswerksbedarf & Co KG GmbH
Original Assignee
Fritz Driescher KG Spezialfabrik fur Elektrizitatswerksbedarf & Co KG GmbH
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Application filed by Fritz Driescher KG Spezialfabrik fur Elektrizitatswerksbedarf & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Fritz Driescher KG Spezialfabrik fur Elektrizitatswerksbedarf & Co KG GmbH
Publication of EP2575153A2 publication Critical patent/EP2575153A2/en
Publication of EP2575153A3 publication Critical patent/EP2575153A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2575153B1 publication Critical patent/EP2575153B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/42—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using cam or eccentric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H2033/6667—Details concerning lever type driving rod arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/48—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using lost-motion device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Wegerpolhow, in particular for a vacuum circuit breaker, with a vacuum interrupter chamber (2.1) with at least one fixed contact and at least one movable contact (2.2), in particular a bolt which can be brought via a drive in an on position.
  • Vacuum circuit breakers are electrical switches that are designed for high currents and separate an electrical connection in the appropriate vacuum interrupters.
  • a conventional vacuum switching chamber has a vacuum housing in which two contacts are arranged. One of the contacts is designed as a fixed contact and the other as a movable contact, usually in the form of a conductor pin.
  • In the closed switch state contact the two contacts and thus make an electrical connection. In this state, they are subjected to a continuous contact pressure, which presses the two contacts against each other with a defined force.
  • the moving contact is moved away from the fixed contact at high speed and an isolating distance is established between the two contacts.
  • the design requirements for the circuit breakers increase. Because the higher the voltage to be switched, the higher the required separation distance, the on and off speeds and the height of the contact pressure.
  • Another typical switch pole unit is from the DE 40 06 452 A1 known.
  • the driving forces are transmitted here by a switching rod on a control disk.
  • the control disk is rotatably mounted and has an arcuately curved LanglochausEnglishung.
  • the movable contact has a plunger, which engages in the oblong hole and thereby positively guided.
  • the movable contact which is linearly movable in the vacuum interrupter in the switch pole housing, placed in the "on" position and a Ausschaltfeder biased.
  • the friction losses are comparatively high, which leads to high wear of the mechanical components and to slow switching times.
  • a comparatively large angle of rotation of the control disk for the linear movement of the movable contact required for switching is necessary in the case of the positive guidance provided by the arcuate oblong slot recess, which likewise leads to increased switching times.
  • the present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a Heidelbergerpoltician whose structure meets the requirements of high voltage ranges and at the same time is simple.
  • a linear guide is here understood to mean a machine element from linear technology which permits frictionless translation of the movable contact or an associated drive element which moves linearly in the same direction and at the same time guarantees compliance with the direction of movement - a linear path.
  • the linear guide is preferably designed as a recirculating ball bearing guide.
  • a recirculating ball bearing is characterized by low static and dynamic rolling friction, low wear and good guidance accuracy over the entire service life. moreover
  • the guide can absorb forces in two directions, making it a suitable linear guide for the application.
  • the achieved high guidance accuracy and the low friction values are achieved high speeds and a reduction in the mechanical load of the means that provide the movement of the contact.
  • a slide-mounted linear guide is also usable.
  • the switch pole unit according to the invention has a switch-off spring, which acts directly on the movable contact or an abutment rigidly fastened thereto.
  • the movable contact is in direct connection with the opening spring, which leads to rapid accelerations and off times.
  • a further preferred embodiment is characterized by a contact pressure acting on the movable contact, in particular when it is arranged axially aligned with the movable contact and acts in the axial direction on the movable contact.
  • the pivot point of the connecting rod is to be arranged below the contact pressure device on the longitudinal axis of the movement contact.
  • the position of the connecting rod should have the smallest possible angle of inclination to the movement contact in the switched-on switch state in order to obtain a good balance of power against the high contact pressure forces occurring at the end of the switching process.
  • connection between the connecting rod and a member on the side of the movable contact is preferably designed with a plain bearing or a still frictional rolling or ball bearing in order to further minimize friction losses.
  • the design according to the invention fulfills the requirements of high voltage ranges when using the standard drive. Consequently, can be dispensed with a significant change or the redesign of a drive, creating a significant cost advantage.
  • switch pole contents suitable for voltages of up to 40.5 kV or even higher can be designed.
  • the in the FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrated switch pole unit 1 has a vacuum switching chamber 2.1, which is arranged in a housing 3.
  • a vacuum switching chamber 2.1 which is arranged in a housing 3.
  • a first nut 4 which forms a lower contact surface for a Ausschaltfeder 5.
  • the upper contact surface for the opening spring 5 forms the housing 3, so that the movable contact 2.2 with the opening spring 5 are in direct operative connection with each other.
  • a flexible copper band 6 is connected to the movable contact 2.2, which is held on a cooperating with the nut 4 lower lock nut 7 on the movable contact 2.2.
  • the copper band 6 and the movable contact 2.2 are electrically connected to each other and form the lower terminal point of the switch pole unit 1.
  • the upper, with the fixed contact in the vacuum interrupter chamber connected terminal point of the switch pole unit is not
  • the contact pressure device has a threaded adapter 8, which is firmly connected to the movable contact 2.2.
  • the threaded adapter 8 is provided with an upper contact surface for a contact pressure spring 9, which is also part of the contact pressure device and is supported on its lower side on a piston-like drive element 10.
  • a guide pin 11 At the bottom of the threaded adapter 8, it has a guide pin 11, whose longitudinal axis is aligned with that of the movable contact 2.2.
  • the guide pin 11 is axially guided in a provided in the piston-like drive element 10 bushing 12 and freely movable in the axial direction. Since the drive element forms the lower bearing for the contact pressure spring 9, it is also considered as part of the contact pressure device.
  • the piston-like drive element 10 is guided by a linear guide 12 in the axial direction of the movable contact.
  • the linear guide is preferably designed as a recirculating ball guide.
  • the piston-like drive element is connected via a connecting rod 13 with the crank arm 14 of a crankshaft 15.
  • the connecting rod is connected to the piston-like drive element 10 and the crank arm 14 via sliding or roller bearings.
  • the crankshaft 15 is made of a non-conductive material.
  • FIG. 2 shows the switch pole unit 1 in the on state.
  • a connecting rod with the piston cheek 14 connecting crank pin 16 has almost reached its highest point in this state, so that of the Ausschaltfeder 5 while a moment acts on the crankshaft 16, but the moment is as low as possible.
  • the drive should be locked by a suitable mechanism.
  • the shutdown is carried out by releasing this Ausschaltverrastung (or a sustained drive torque), whereby the entire unit due to the biased Ausschaltfeder 5 back to the initial state, the in FIG. 1 is shown is offset.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment, in which inertia and friction points are further reduced.
  • the Ausschaltverrastung 20 which is usually located in the drive outside the Heidelbergerpoltician, directly integrated in the Heidelbergerpolech 1.
  • the Ausschaltverrastung 20 is realized by a mounted in the housing 3 half-wave. After reaching the on position puts the crank arm 21 with a cam-like part 22 behind the half-wave, which faces the crank arm, and the on state is thus maintained.
  • the half-wave Ausschaltverrastung 20 is released and the mechanism is returned to the initial state due to the force of the opening spring.
  • the drive is designed so that the crankshaft 23 takes the connecting rod 13 only to behind the Ausschaltverrastung 20 and automatically returns from this position back to the starting point.
  • the crankshaft 23 is rotatably mounted in the crank arm 21, wherein on the inner bearing surface of the crank arm 21, a franking 24 is provided, in which a crankshaft 23 provided on the shaft pin 25 engages, so that the free path for rotation of the crankshaft 23rd is limited relative to the crank arm 21.

Landscapes

  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

The pole unit (1) has a vacuum switching chamber (2.1) provided with a fixed contact and a moving contact (2.2) i.e. bolt, that is drivable into a switching on position. A linear guide (12) i.e. ball circulation guide, is arranged at distance from the switching chamber or connected with a linearly movable drive element (10) in same direction to linearly guide the moving contact. A cutoff spring (5) directly acts on the movable contact or on a counter bearing, which is rigidly connected to the movable contact.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schalterpoleinheit, insbesondere für einen Vakuum-Leistungsschalter, mit einer Vakuumschaltkammer (2.1) mit mindestens einem festen Kontakt und mindestens einem beweglichen Kontakt (2.2), insbesondere einem Bolzen, der über einen Antrieb in eine Einschaltposition gebracht werden kann.The invention relates to a Schalterpoleinheit, in particular for a vacuum circuit breaker, with a vacuum interrupter chamber (2.1) with at least one fixed contact and at least one movable contact (2.2), in particular a bolt which can be brought via a drive in an on position.

Vakuum-Leistungsschalter sind elektrische Schalter, die für hohe Ströme ausgelegt sind und eine elektrische Verbindung in den dafür vorgesehenen Vakuumschaltkammern trennen. Eine übliche Vakuumschaltkammer weist ein Vakuumgehäuse auf, in dem zwei Kontakte angeordnet sind. Einer der Kontakte ist als Festkontakt und der andere als beweglicher Kontakt, meist in Form eines Leiterbolzens, ausgebildet. Im geschlossenen Schalterzustand kontaktieren sich die beiden Kontakte und stellen somit eine elektrische Verbindung her. In diesem Zustand sind sie mit einem kontinuierlichen Kontaktdruck beaufschlagt, der die beiden Kontakte mit einer definierten Kraft gegeneinander drückt. Zum Trennen der elektrischen Verbindung wird der Bewegungskontakt mit hoher Geschwindigkeit von dem Festkontakt weg bewegt und eine Trennstrecke zwischen den beiden Kontakten hergestellt. Da der Spannungsbereich, in dem derartige Leistungsschalter eingesetzt werden sollen, immer weiter steigt, nehmen die konstruktiven Anforderungen an die Leistungsschalter zu. Denn je höher die zu schaltende Spannung ist, desto höher ist die geforderte Trennstrecke, die Ein- und Ausschaltgeschwindigkeiten sowie die Höhe des Kontaktdruckes.Vacuum circuit breakers are electrical switches that are designed for high currents and separate an electrical connection in the appropriate vacuum interrupters. A conventional vacuum switching chamber has a vacuum housing in which two contacts are arranged. One of the contacts is designed as a fixed contact and the other as a movable contact, usually in the form of a conductor pin. In the closed switch state contact the two contacts and thus make an electrical connection. In this state, they are subjected to a continuous contact pressure, which presses the two contacts against each other with a defined force. To disconnect the electrical connection, the moving contact is moved away from the fixed contact at high speed and an isolating distance is established between the two contacts. As the voltage range in which such circuit breakers are to be used continues to increase, the design requirements for the circuit breakers increase. Because the higher the voltage to be switched, the higher the required separation distance, the on and off speeds and the height of the contact pressure.

In der DE 299 06 480 U 1 ist ein typischer Aufbau einer Schalterpoleinheit der eingangs genannter Art beschrieben. Die Vakuumschaltkammer ist in einem Polrohr angeordnet. Zum Einschalten wird eine Antriebskraft über einen Gelenkbolzen und einen drehbar gelagerten Schaltübertrager auf einen linear zu bewegenden Kontakt übertragen. Dadurch wird nicht nur eine elektrische Verbindung zwischen den Kontakten in der Vakuumschaltkammer hergestellt, sondern auch eine Ausschaltfeder automatisch vorgespannt. Es kann bei solchen Vakuum-Leistungsschaltern vorkommen, dass die Pole im eingeschalteten Zustand nicht sauber aufeinander sitzen und dadurch frühzeitig verschleißen.In the DE 299 06 480 U 1 a typical structure of a switch pole unit of the type mentioned is described. The vacuum interrupter chamber is arranged in a pole tube. To turn on a driving force is transmitted via a hinge pin and a rotatably mounted switching transformer to a linear contact to be moved. As a result, not only is an electrical connection made between the contacts in the vacuum interrupter chamber, but also a turn-off spring is automatically biased. It may happen in such vacuum circuit breakers that the poles do not sit clean when switched on each other and thereby wear out early.

Eine weitere typische Schalterpoleinheit ist aus der DE 40 06 452 A1 bekannt. Die Antriebskräfte werden hier von einer Schaltstange auf eine Steuerscheibe übertragen. Die Steuerscheibe ist drehbar gelagert und weist eine bogenförmig gekrümmte Langlochausnehmung auf. Der bewegliche Kontakt weist einen Stößel auf, der in die Langlochausnehmung eingreift und hierdurch zwangsgeführt ist. Durch Drehung der Steuerscheibe wird der bewegliche Kontakt, der in der Vakuumschaltröhre im Schalterpolgehäuse linear beweglich ist, in "Ein"-Stellung gebracht und eine Ausschaltfeder vorgespannt. Bei diesem Aufbau sind die Reibungsverluste vergleichsweise hoch, was zu hohem Verschleiß der mechanischen Bauteile und zu langsamen Schaltzeiten führt. Darüber hinaus ist bei der durch die bogenartig gekrümmte Langlochausnehmung vorgesehenen Zwangsführung ein vergleichsweise großer Drehwinkel der Steuerscheibe für die zum Schalten benötigte Linearbewegung des beweglichen Kontaktes nötig, was ebenso zu erhöhten Schaltzeiten führt.Another typical switch pole unit is from the DE 40 06 452 A1 known. The driving forces are transmitted here by a switching rod on a control disk. The control disk is rotatably mounted and has an arcuately curved Langlochausnehmung. The movable contact has a plunger, which engages in the oblong hole and thereby positively guided. By turning the control disc The movable contact, which is linearly movable in the vacuum interrupter in the switch pole housing, placed in the "on" position and a Ausschaltfeder biased. In this construction, the friction losses are comparatively high, which leads to high wear of the mechanical components and to slow switching times. In addition, a comparatively large angle of rotation of the control disk for the linear movement of the movable contact required for switching is necessary in the case of the positive guidance provided by the arcuate oblong slot recess, which likewise leads to increased switching times.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schalterpoleinheit zu schaffen, deren Aufbau den Anforderungen hoher Spannungsbereiche gerecht wird und gleichzeitig einfach ist.The present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a Schalterpoleinheit whose structure meets the requirements of high voltage ranges and at the same time is simple.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.According to the invention, this object is solved by the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Unter einer Linearführung wird hier ein Maschinenelement aus der Lineartechnik verstanden, das eine möglichst reibungsfreie Translation des beweglichen Kontaktes oder eines damit verbundenen, in gleicher Richtung linear bewegten Antriebselements ermöglicht und dabei gleichzeitig die Einhaltung der Bewegungsrichtung - einer linearen Bahn - garantiert.A linear guide is here understood to mean a machine element from linear technology which permits frictionless translation of the movable contact or an associated drive element which moves linearly in the same direction and at the same time guarantees compliance with the direction of movement - a linear path.

Mit der Verwendung einer in einem Abstand zur Vakuumschaltkammer angeordneten Linearführung wird gegenüber den eingangs beschriebenen, vorbekannten Schalterpoleinheiten zweierlei erreicht. Zum einen ist der bewegliche Kontakt bzw. ein damit verbundenes, in gleicher Richtung linear bewegtes Antriebselement zwangsgeführt, so dass Antriebskräfte, die nicht genau axial übertragen werden, nicht zu einer Querauslenkung des beweglichen Kontaktes oder des damit verbundenen Antriebselementes führen. Hierdurch wird ein planparalleles Anlegen der Kontakte in der Vakuumkammer im Einschaltzustand sichergestellt, was insbesondere bei einer Schalterpoleinheit gemäß der DE 299 06 480 U1 nicht gewährleistet ist, da dort der bewegliche Kontakt keinen linearen Bewegungsablauf besitzt, sondern die Achse des beweglichen Kontaktes aufgrund der Drehbewegung des Schaltübertragers in seiner Einschaltbewegung leicht kippt. Zum anderen ist es aufgrund der linearen Führung möglich, eine Vielzahl von verschiedenen Getrieben zum Antrieb des beweglichen Kontaktes einzusetzen, so dass insbesondere die aufwändige Kraftübertragung der aus der DE 40 06 452 A1 bekannten Schalterpoleinheit vermieden und durch eine einfachere, leichtgängigere Antriebskonstruktion ersetzt werden kann.With the use of a arranged at a distance from the vacuum interrupter linear guide is achieved over the previously described, known Schalterpoleinheiten two. On the one hand, the movable contact or an associated, in the same direction linearly moved drive element is forcibly guided, so that drive forces that are not transmitted exactly axially, do not lead to a Querauslenkung the movable contact or the associated drive element. As a result, a plane-parallel application of the contacts in the vacuum chamber is ensured in the on state, which in particular in a Schalterpoleinheit according to the DE 299 06 480 U1 is not guaranteed, since there the movable contact has no linear movement, but slightly tilts the axis of the movable contact due to the rotational movement of the Schaltübertragers in its switch-on. On the other hand, it is possible due to the linear guide to use a variety of different transmissions for driving the movable contact, so that in particular the complex power transmission of the DE 40 06 452 A1 known Schalterpoleinheit avoided and can be replaced by a simpler, smoother drive design.

Die Linearführung ist vorzugsweise als Kugelumlaufführung ausgestaltet. Eine Kugelumlaufführung zeichnet sich durch geringe statische und dynamische Rollreibung, geringen Verschleiß und eine gute Führungsgenauigkeit über die gesamte Lebensdauer aus. Zudem kann die Führung Kräfte in zwei Richtungen aufnehmen, was sie zu einer geeigneten Linearführung für den Anwendungsfall werden lässt. Durch die erzielte hohe Führungsgenauigkeit und die niedrigen Reibwerte werden hohe Geschwindigkeiten und eine Reduzierung der mechanischen Belastung der Mittel, die für die Bewegung des Kontaktes sorgen, erreicht. Naturgemäß ist aber auch eine gleitgelagerte Linearführung verwendbar.The linear guide is preferably designed as a recirculating ball bearing guide. A recirculating ball bearing is characterized by low static and dynamic rolling friction, low wear and good guidance accuracy over the entire service life. moreover For example, the guide can absorb forces in two directions, making it a suitable linear guide for the application. The achieved high guidance accuracy and the low friction values are achieved high speeds and a reduction in the mechanical load of the means that provide the movement of the contact. Naturally, however, a slide-mounted linear guide is also usable.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die erfindungsgemäße Schalterpoleinheit eine Ausschaltfeder auf, die unmittelbar auf den beweglichen Kontakt oder ein daran starr befestigtes Gegenlager wirkt. Somit steht der bewegliche Kontakt in direkter Verbindung mit der Ausschaltfeder, was zu schnellen Beschleunigungen und Ausschaltzeiten führt.In a preferred embodiment, the switch pole unit according to the invention has a switch-off spring, which acts directly on the movable contact or an abutment rigidly fastened thereto. Thus, the movable contact is in direct connection with the opening spring, which leads to rapid accelerations and off times.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist gekennzeichnet durch eine auf den beweglichen Kontakt wirkende Kontaktdruckeinrichtung, insbesondere dann, wenn sie axial fluchtend zum beweglichen Kontakt angeordnet ist und in axialer Richtung auf den beweglichen Kontakt wirkt.A further preferred embodiment is characterized by a contact pressure acting on the movable contact, in particular when it is arranged axially aligned with the movable contact and acts in the axial direction on the movable contact.

Die Verwendung einer Linearführung ermöglicht die Verwendung eines Kurbelwellenantriebs mit einem Pleuel, mit der ein vom Antrieb übertragenes Drehmoment in eine auf den Bewegungskontakt axial wirkende Kraft umgesetzt wird, ohne dass die Bewegung des Pleuels quer zur Längsachse des beweglichen Kontaktes eine ungenaue Kontaktierung der Kontakte in der Vakuumschaltkammer zur Folge hat. Gleichzeitig ist eine derartige Übertragung von Antriebskräften konstruktiv sehr einfach und reibungsverlustarm.The use of a linear guide allows the use of a crankshaft drive with a connecting rod, with a torque transmitted from the drive is converted into a force acting on the moving contact force without the movement of the connecting rod transverse to the longitudinal axis of the movable contact inaccurate contacting of the contacts in the Vacuum switching chamber has the consequence. At the same time, such a transmission of drive forces is structurally very simple and low in friction.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der Drehpunkt des Pleuels unterhalb der Kontaktdruckeinrichtung auf der Längsachse des Bewegungskontaktes anzuordnen. Die Lage des Pleuels sollte im eingeschalteten Schalterzustand einen möglichst geringen Neigungswinkel zum Bewegungskontakt haben, um ein gutes Kräfteverhältnis gegen die am Ende des Schaltvorganges auftretenden hohen Kontaktdruckkräfte zu erhalten.Advantageously, the pivot point of the connecting rod is to be arranged below the contact pressure device on the longitudinal axis of the movement contact. The position of the connecting rod should have the smallest possible angle of inclination to the movement contact in the switched-on switch state in order to obtain a good balance of power against the high contact pressure forces occurring at the end of the switching process.

Die Verbindung zwischen dem Pleuel und einem Element auf der Seite des beweglichen Kontaktes ist vorzugsweise mit einem Gleitlager oder einer noch reibungsärmeren Wälz- bzw. Kugellagerung ausgestaltet, um Reibungsverluste weiter zu minimieren.The connection between the connecting rod and a member on the side of the movable contact is preferably designed with a plain bearing or a still frictional rolling or ball bearing in order to further minimize friction losses.

Antriebe für erfindungsgemäße Schalterpoleinheiten, wie auch in der DE 299 06 480 U 1 beschrieben, sind derart aufgebaut, dass die Antriebskraft nach der Einschaltung wegfällt. Der Einschaltzustand wird dann üblicherweise durch eine Ausschaltverrastung im Antrieb außerhalb der Schalterpoleinheit aufrechterhalten, da die Ausschaltfeder, die bei der Einschaltung automatisch mit vorgespannt wird, die Mechanik in den Ausgangszustand zurückversetzen will. Bei der Ausschaltung müssen demzufolge alle Antriebsmittel, die sich vom Pleuel der Schalterpoleinheit bis zur Ausschaltverrastung des Antriebes befinden, mitbewegt werden.Drives for switch pole units according to the invention, as well as in the DE 299 06 480 U 1 are described, are constructed such that the driving force is eliminated after switching on. The switch-on state is then usually maintained by a Ausschaltverrastung in the drive outside of the switch pole unit, since the opening spring, which is automatically biased at power on, wants to put the mechanism back to the initial state. When switching off, therefore, all drive means, which are located from the connecting rod of the switch pole unit to the Ausschaltverrastung the drive must be moved.

Demgegenüber besteht eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung darin, die Ausschaltverrastung in die Schalterpoleinheit zu integrieren, indem sie insbesondere so ausgebildet ist, dass sie auf eine den Pleuel mit der Kurbelwelle verbindende Kurbel oder Kurbelwange wirken kann. Hierdurch werden die Anzahl der beim Ausschalten zu bewegenden Teile und damit die zu überwindende Massenträgheit ebenso wie Reibungsverluste deutlich reduziert. Im Ergebnis kann dadurch nicht nur die Ausschaltzeit verkürzt werden, sondern auch die für das Ausschalten notwendige Ausschaltfederkraft, wodurch es möglich wird, die Ausschaltfeder kleiner zu dimensionieren.In contrast, there is a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is to integrate the Ausschaltverrastung in the Schalterpoleinheit, in particular by being designed so that it can act on a connecting rod to the crankshaft crank or crank arm. As a result, the number of parts to be moved when switching off and thus the mass inertia to be overcome as well as friction losses are significantly reduced. As a result, not only the turn-off time can be shortened, but also the turn-off spring force necessary for turn-off, making it possible to make the turn-off spring smaller.

Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Aufbau werden die Anforderungen hoher Spannungsbereiche bei Verwendung des Standardantriebes erfüllt. Demzufolge kann auf eine erhebliche Veränderung oder auf die Neukonstruktion eines Antriebes verzichtet werden, wodurch ein erheblicher Kostenvorteil entsteht.The design according to the invention fulfills the requirements of high voltage ranges when using the standard drive. Consequently, can be dispensed with a significant change or the redesign of a drive, creating a significant cost advantage.

Mit den beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen können Schalterpoleinhalten konstruiert werden, die für Spannungen von bis zu 40,5 kV oder sogar darüber geeignet sind.With the described inventive measures, switch pole contents suitable for voltages of up to 40.5 kV or even higher can be designed.

Nachstehend wird die Erfindung anhand von Figuren, die bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele einer erfindungsgemäßen Schalterpoleinheit zeigen, näher erläutert. Es zeigen

Fig. 1:
eine Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Schalterpoleinheit in ausgeschaltetem Zustand;
Fig. 2:
eine Ansicht der in Figur 1 dargestellten Schalterpoleinheit in eingeschaltetem Zustand; und
Fig. 3:
eine Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Schalterpoleinheit mit integrierter Ausschaltverrastung in eingeschaltetem Zustand.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to figures, which show preferred embodiments of a switch pole unit according to the invention. Show it
Fig. 1:
a view of a switch pole unit according to the invention in the off state;
Fig. 2:
a view of in FIG. 1 shown switch pole unit in the on state; and
3:
a view of a switch pole unit according to the invention with integrated Ausschaltverrastung in the on state.

Die in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte Schalterpoleinheit 1 weist eine Vakuumschaltkammer 2.1 auf, die in einem Gehäuse 3 angeordnet ist. Unten ragt aus der Vakuumschaltkammer 2.1 ein als Bolzen ausgebildeter beweglicher Kontakt 2.2 heraus, an dessem unteren Ende ein Gewindeabschnitt vorgesehen ist. Auf dem Gewindeabschnitt sitzt eine erste Mutter 4, die eine untere Anlagefläche für eine Ausschaltfeder 5 bildet. Die obere Anlagefläche für die Ausschaltfeder 5 bildet das Gehäuse 3, so dass der bewegliche Kontakt 2.2 mit der Ausschaltfeder 5 in unmittelbarer Wirkverbindung zueinander stehen. Unterhalb der Mutter 4 ist ein flexibles Kupferband 6 mit dem beweglichen Kontakt 2.2 verbunden, das über eine mit der Mutter 4 zusammenwirkende untere Kontermutter 7 am beweglichen Kontakt 2.2 gehalten wird. Somit sind das Kupferband 6 und der bewegliche Kontakt 2.2 elektrisch miteinander verbunden und bilden den unteren Anschlusspunkt der Schalterpoleinheit 1. Der obere, mit dem festen Kontakt in der Vakuumschaltkammer verbundene Anschlusspunkt der Schalterpoleinheit ist aus Gründen der Vereinfachung nicht dargestellt.The in the FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrated switch pole unit 1 has a vacuum switching chamber 2.1, which is arranged in a housing 3. Below protrudes from the vacuum interrupter 2.1 designed as a bolt movable contact 2.2, at whose lower end a threaded portion is provided. On the threaded portion sits a first nut 4, which forms a lower contact surface for a Ausschaltfeder 5. The upper contact surface for the opening spring 5 forms the housing 3, so that the movable contact 2.2 with the opening spring 5 are in direct operative connection with each other. Below the nut 4, a flexible copper band 6 is connected to the movable contact 2.2, which is held on a cooperating with the nut 4 lower lock nut 7 on the movable contact 2.2. Thus, the copper band 6 and the movable contact 2.2 are electrically connected to each other and form the lower terminal point of the switch pole unit 1. The upper, with the fixed contact in the vacuum interrupter chamber connected terminal point of the switch pole unit is not shown for the sake of simplicity.

Unterhalb des unteren Anschlusspunktes befindet sich eine Kontaktdruckeinrichtung. Die Kontaktdruckeinrichtung weist einen Gewindeadapter 8 auf, der fest mit dem beweglichen Kontakt 2.2 verbunden ist. Der Gewindeadapter 8 ist mit einer oberen Anlagefläche für eine Kontaktdruckfeder 9 versehen, die ebenso Bestandteil der Kontaktdruckeinrichtung ist und sich an ihrer unteren Seite an einem kolbenartigen Antriebselement 10 abstützt. An der Unterseite des Gewindeadapters 8 weist er einen Führungsstift 11 auf, dessen Längsachse mit der des beweglichen Kontaktes 2.2 fluchtet. Der Führungsstift 11 ist in einer im kolbenartigen Antriebselement 10 vorgesehenen Buchse 12 axial geführt und in axialer Richtung frei beweglich. Da das Antriebselement das untere Lager für die Kontaktdruckfeder 9 bildet, wird es ebenso als Bestandteil der Kontaktdruckeinrichtung angesehen.Below the lower connection point is a contact pressure device. The contact pressure device has a threaded adapter 8, which is firmly connected to the movable contact 2.2. The threaded adapter 8 is provided with an upper contact surface for a contact pressure spring 9, which is also part of the contact pressure device and is supported on its lower side on a piston-like drive element 10. At the bottom of the threaded adapter 8, it has a guide pin 11, whose longitudinal axis is aligned with that of the movable contact 2.2. The guide pin 11 is axially guided in a provided in the piston-like drive element 10 bushing 12 and freely movable in the axial direction. Since the drive element forms the lower bearing for the contact pressure spring 9, it is also considered as part of the contact pressure device.

Das kolbenartige Antriebselement 10 wird von einer Linearführung 12 in axialer Richtung des beweglichen Kontaktes geführt. Die Linearführung ist vorzugsweise als Kugelumlaufführung ausgebildet.The piston-like drive element 10 is guided by a linear guide 12 in the axial direction of the movable contact. The linear guide is preferably designed as a recirculating ball guide.

Das kolbenartige Antriebselement ist über einen Pleuel 13 mit der Kurbelwange 14 einer Kurbelwelle 15 verbunden. Der Pleuel ist mit dem kolbenartigen Antriebselement 10 und der Kurbelwange 14 über Gleit- oder Wälzlager verbunden. Durch Anpassen der Kurbelwange an den Kurbelwellenquerschnitt bzw. durch Auswahl einer für einen bestimmten Wellenquerschnitt geeignete Kurbelwange ist die Schalterpoleinheit mit einer Vielzahl von Wellenantrieben verwendbar.The piston-like drive element is connected via a connecting rod 13 with the crank arm 14 of a crankshaft 15. The connecting rod is connected to the piston-like drive element 10 and the crank arm 14 via sliding or roller bearings. By adapting the crank web to the crankshaft cross section or by selecting a crankshaft suitable for a particular shaft cross section, the switch pole unit can be used with a plurality of shaft drives.

Die Kurbelwelle 15 besteht aus einem nicht leitenden Material.The crankshaft 15 is made of a non-conductive material.

Zum Einschalten des Schalters wird die Welle in der Abbildung entgegen dem Urzeigersinn gedreht, so dass das kolbenartige Antriebselement 10 angehoben wird. Dadurch werden sowohl die Kontaktdruckfeder 9 als auch die Ausschaltfeder 5 vorgespannt, wobei die Kontaktdruckfeder 9 den beweglichen Kontakt 2.2 in axialer Richtung nach oben drückt.To turn on the switch, the shaft is rotated counterclockwise in the figure, so that the piston-like drive element 10 is raised. Characterized both the contact pressure spring 9 and the Ausschaltfeder 5 are biased, wherein the contact pressure spring 9 presses the movable contact 2.2 in the axial direction upwards.

Die Figur 2 zeigt die Schalterpoleinheit 1 in eingeschaltetem Zustand. Ein den Pleuel mit der Kolbenwange 14 verbindender Hubzapfen 16 hat in diesem Zustand fast seinen höchsten Punkt erreicht, so dass von der Ausschaltfeder 5 zwar noch ein Moment auf die Kurbelwelle 16 wirkt, das Moment aber möglichst gering ist. In dieser Position sollte der Antrieb durch eine geeignete Mechanik verrastet werden. Die Ausschaltung erfolgt durch Freigabe dieser Ausschaltverrastung (oder eines aufrechterhaltenen Antriebsmoments), wodurch die gesamte Einheit aufgrund der vorgespannten Ausschaltfeder 5 wieder in den Ausgangszustand, der in Figur 1 dargestellt ist, versetzt wird.The FIG. 2 shows the switch pole unit 1 in the on state. A connecting rod with the piston cheek 14 connecting crank pin 16 has almost reached its highest point in this state, so that of the Ausschaltfeder 5 while a moment acts on the crankshaft 16, but the moment is as low as possible. In this position, the drive should be locked by a suitable mechanism. The shutdown is carried out by releasing this Ausschaltverrastung (or a sustained drive torque), whereby the entire unit due to the biased Ausschaltfeder 5 back to the initial state, the in FIG. 1 is shown is offset.

Figur 3 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsmöglichkeit, bei der Massenträgheit und Reibungspunkte weiter reduziert sind. Gegenüber dem mit Bezug auf die Figuren 1 und 2 beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Ausschaltverrastung 20, die sich üblicherweise im Antrieb außerhalb der Schalterpoleinheit befindet, direkt in der Schalterpoleinheit 1 integriert. Realisiert wird die Ausschaltverrastung 20 durch eine im Gehäuse 3 gelagerte Halbwelle. Nach dem Erreichen der Einschaltposition legt sich die Kurbelwange 21 mit einem nockenartigen Teil 22 hinter die Halbwelle, die der Kurbelwange zugewandt ist, und der Einschaltzustand wird somit aufrechtgehalten. Durch Drehung der Halbwelle wird die Ausschaltverrastung 20 freigegeben und die Mechanik wird aufgrund der Kraft der Ausschaltfeder wieder in den Ausgangszustand versetzt. FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment, in which inertia and friction points are further reduced. Opposite that with respect to the FIGS. 1 and 2 described embodiment, the Ausschaltverrastung 20, which is usually located in the drive outside the Schalterpoleinheit, directly integrated in the Schalterpoleinheit 1. The Ausschaltverrastung 20 is realized by a mounted in the housing 3 half-wave. After reaching the on position puts the crank arm 21 with a cam-like part 22 behind the half-wave, which faces the crank arm, and the on state is thus maintained. By turning the half-wave Ausschaltverrastung 20 is released and the mechanism is returned to the initial state due to the force of the opening spring.

Der Antrieb ist so konzipiert, dass die Kurbelwelle 23 den Pleuel 13 nur bis hinter die Ausschaltverrastung 20 mitnimmt und ab dieser Stellung automatisch wieder zum Ausgangspunkt zurückkehrt. Für diese Funktion ist die Kurbelwelle 23 in der Kurbelwange 21 drehbar gelagert, wobei an der inneren Lagerfläche der Kurbelwange 21 eine Freimachung 24 vorgesehen ist, in die ein an der Kurbelwelle 23 vorgesehener Wellenzapfen 25 eingreift, so dass der freie Weg zur Drehung der Kurbelwelle 23 relativ zur Kurbelwange 21 beschränkt ist.The drive is designed so that the crankshaft 23 takes the connecting rod 13 only to behind the Ausschaltverrastung 20 and automatically returns from this position back to the starting point. For this function, the crankshaft 23 is rotatably mounted in the crank arm 21, wherein on the inner bearing surface of the crank arm 21, a franking 24 is provided, in which a crankshaft 23 provided on the shaft pin 25 engages, so that the free path for rotation of the crankshaft 23rd is limited relative to the crank arm 21.

Claims (10)

Schalterpoleinheit, insbesondere für einen Vakuum-Leistungsschalter, mit einer Vakuumschaltkammer (2.1) mit mindestens einem festen Kontakt und mindestens einem beweglichen Kontakt (2.2), insbesondere einem Bolzen, der über einen Antrieb in eine Einschaltposition gebracht werden kann, gekennzeichnet durch eine in einem Abstand zur Vakuumschaltkammer (2.1) angeordnete Linearführung (12) zur linearen Führung des beweglichen Kontaktes (2.2) oder eines damit verbundenen, in gleicher Richtung linear bewegten Antriebselements (10).Switch pole unit, in particular for a vacuum circuit breaker, with a vacuum interrupter chamber (2.1) with at least one fixed contact and at least one movable contact (2.2), in particular a bolt, which can be brought via a drive in an on position, characterized by a at a distance to the vacuum interrupter chamber (2.1) arranged linear guide (12) for linear guidance of the movable contact (2.2) or an associated, in the same direction linearly moving drive element (10). Schalterpoleinheit nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Linearführung (12) eine Kugelumlaufführung ist.Switch pole unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the linear guide (12) is a recirculating ball guide. Schalterpoleinheit nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet durch eine Ausschaltfeder (5), die unmittelbar auf den beweglichen Kontakt (2.2) oder ein daran starr befestigtes Gegenlager wirkt.Switch pole unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a switch-off spring (5) which acts directly on the movable contact (2.2) or an abutment rigidly fixed thereto. Schalterpoleinheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, gekennzeichnet durch eine auf den beweglichen Kontakt (2.2) wirkende Kontaktdruckeinrichtung (8).Switch pole unit according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized by a contact pressure device (8) acting on the movable contact (2.2). Schalterpoleinheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Antrieb eine Kurbelwelle (15, 23) und einen Pleuel (13) aufweist, mit der ein vom Antrieb übertragenes Drehmoment in eine auf den beweglichen Kontakt (2.2) axial wirkende Kraft umgesetzt wird.Switch pole unit according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the drive has a crankshaft (15, 23) and a connecting rod (13), with which a torque transmitted by the drive in an on the movable contact (2.2) axially acting force becomes. Schalterpoleinheit nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Drehpunkt des Pleuels (3) unterhalb der Kontaktdruckeinrichtung (8) auf der Längsachse des beweglichen Kontaktes (2.2) angeordnet ist und in Einschaltstellung einen möglichst geringen Neigungswinkel zum beweglichen Kontakt (2.2) hat.Switch pole unit according to claim 5, characterized in that the pivot point of the connecting rod (3) below the contact pressure device (8) on the longitudinal axis of the movable contact (2.2) is arranged and in closed position the smallest possible angle of inclination to the movable contact (2.2). Schalterpoleinheit nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Pleuel (13) über eine Gleitlagerung mit einem kontaktseitigen Element verbunden ist.Switch pole unit according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the connecting rod (13) is connected via a slide bearing with a contact-side element. Schalterpoleinheit nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Pleuel (13) durch eine Kugellagerung mit einem kontaktseitigen Element verbunden ist.Switch pole unit according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the connecting rod (13) is connected by a ball bearing with a contact-side element. Schalterpoleinheit nach Anspruch 5 oder einem der darauf rückbezogenen Ansprüche 6 bis 8, gekennzeichnet durch eine Ausschaltverrastung (20), die auf eine den Pleuel (13) mit der Kurbelwelle (23) verbindende Kurbel oder Kurbelwange (21) wirken kann, um im Einschaltzustand ein direktes Wiederausschalten aufgrund der vorgespannten Ausschaltfeder (5) zu verhindern.Switch pole unit according to claim 5 or one of the dependent claims 6 to 8, characterized by a Ausschaltverrastung (20), which can act on the connecting rod (13) with the crankshaft (23) connecting the crank or crank arm (21) to on in the on state direct disengagement due to the biased opening spring (5) to prevent. Schalterpoleinheit nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kurbelwelle (23) in der Kurbelwange (21) drehbar gelagert ist, dass in einer inneren Lagerfläche der Kurbelwange (21) eine Freimachung (24) vorgesehen ist, und dass die Kurbelwelle (23) einen Wellenzapfen (25) aufweist, der in die Freimachung (24) eingreift und den freien Weg zur Drehung der Kurbelwelle (23) relativ zur Kurbelwange (21) beschränkt.Switch pole unit according to claim 9, characterized in that the crankshaft (23) in the crank arm (21) is rotatably mounted, that in an inner bearing surface of the crank arm (21) a franking (24) is provided, and that the crankshaft (23) has a Shaft (25) which engages in the clearance (24) and the free path for rotation of the crankshaft (23) relative to the crank arm (21) limited.
EP12184683.6A 2011-09-30 2012-09-17 Switch pole unit Not-in-force EP2575153B1 (en)

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DE202011106188U DE202011106188U1 (en) 2011-09-30 2011-09-30 Schalterpoleinheit

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WO2016000907A1 (en) * 2014-06-30 2016-01-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Avoiding incorrect orientations of a drive rod of a power switch
WO2018027545A1 (en) * 2016-08-09 2018-02-15 尚艳燕 Electric balance vehicle and pedal assembly thereof

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FR3030103A1 (en) * 2014-12-11 2016-06-17 Alstom Technology Ltd CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH GUIDING MEANS FOR LIMITING INTERNAL FRICTION

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WO2018027545A1 (en) * 2016-08-09 2018-02-15 尚艳燕 Electric balance vehicle and pedal assembly thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2575153B1 (en) 2017-07-19
DK2575153T3 (en) 2017-10-30
EP2575153A3 (en) 2015-03-04
DE202011106188U1 (en) 2013-01-09

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