EP2570738B1 - Bedarfsverwaltung für Warmwasserbereiter - Google Patents

Bedarfsverwaltung für Warmwasserbereiter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2570738B1
EP2570738B1 EP11181825.8A EP11181825A EP2570738B1 EP 2570738 B1 EP2570738 B1 EP 2570738B1 EP 11181825 A EP11181825 A EP 11181825A EP 2570738 B1 EP2570738 B1 EP 2570738B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
energy
tank
water heater
temperature
Prior art date
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Application number
EP11181825.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2570738A3 (de
EP2570738A2 (de
Inventor
Michael Thomas Beyerle
Michael Francis Finch
John Joseph Roetker
Natarajan Venkatakrishnan
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Haier US Appliance Solutions Inc
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Haier US Appliance Solutions Inc
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Priority to EP11181825.8A priority Critical patent/EP2570738B1/de
Publication of EP2570738A2 publication Critical patent/EP2570738A2/de
Publication of EP2570738A3 publication Critical patent/EP2570738A3/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/004—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system with conventional supplementary heat source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F24D19/1048—Counting of energy consumption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/156—Reducing the quantity of energy consumed; Increasing efficiency
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/16—Reducing cost using the price of energy, e.g. choosing or switching between different energy sources
    • F24H15/164—Reducing cost using the price of energy, e.g. choosing or switching between different energy sources where the price of the electric supply changes with time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/174—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
    • F24H15/45—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based remotely accessible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/172—Scheduling based on user demand, e.g. determining starting point of heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/281—Input from user
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/486—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using timers

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to managing water heater systems. More particularly, it relates to managing and controlling water heater systems in a manner responsive to varying energy demand periods.
  • Water heater storage tanks are used for storing and supplying hot water to households.
  • a typical residential water heater holds about fifty gallons (190 liters) of water inside a steel reservoir tank.
  • a thermostat is used to control the temperature of the water inside the tank.
  • Many water heaters permit a consumer to set the thermostat to a temperature between 90 and 150 degrees Fahrenheit (F) (32 to 65 degrees Celsius (C)).
  • F degrees Fahrenheit
  • C degrees Celsius
  • most consumers set the thermostat to heat the reservoir water to a temperature in a range between 120.0 degrees F to 140.0 degrees F (about forty-nine degrees C to sixty degrees C).
  • a water heater typically delivers hot water according to the thermostat temperature setting. As a consumer draws water from the water heater, the water temperature in the water heater usually drops. Any time the thermostat senses that the temperature of the water inside the tank drops too far below thermostat's set point, power is sent to the electric resistance heating element (or a burner in a gas water heater). The electric elements then draw energy to heat the water inside the tank to a preset temperature level.
  • the cost for electrical energy can vary as a function of the time of day, day of the week and season of the year.
  • utility companies often divide their time of use rates into off-peak and on-peak energy demand periods with a significant rate difference between the periods. For example, energy used during off-peak hours may cost the consumer in United States dollars around 5 cents to 6 cents per kilowatt hour (kWh), while on-peak period energy may cost anywhere from 20 cents per kWh to $1.20 or more per kWh.
  • a water heater that heats based on the water demand of a typical household is likely to heat at the same time as when energy demand on a utility company is at its highest.
  • drawing energy to heat a water heater during these on-peak energy periods increases a consumer's monthly energy bill.
  • the disclosure seeks to provide a means to avoid on peak energy use, saving the consumer operating expense, while supplying a continuous supply of domestic hot water utilizing conventional and possibly existing electric water heating systems.
  • One approach to negotiate the utility companies' time of use energy rates would be to use a programmable timer to turn off the entire water heater or the lower element.
  • a clock timer could be used to provide planned heating periods during known off peak periods of the day. While this approach is possible, adapting to period variation in the rate schedule and emergency load shedding request signals from the utility are not accommodated.
  • Set point alteration is another means to reduce heating events during on peak water usage. While this will produce a similar outcome as disengagement of the heating elements, it requires a substantially different control mechanism for regulation and limiting of the tank temperature and cannot be easily retrofit to an existing water heating system.
  • Another approach is simply shutting the entire water heater off during on peak energy periods. This could result in the consumer running out of hot water during peak hours and left to wait until off peak hours to resume heating the entire stored water volume of the tank, meeting demand.
  • This approach requires consumer behavior change or purchase and installation of a larger storage tank size to bridge the peak hour water usage. This results in an investment requirement from the consumer and presumes the availability of space to install a larger tank. Commonly, space limitation prevents installation of a water heater large enough to meet the storage meets to bridge the peak hours.
  • a non-replenishing tank could be used to maintain heated temperatures during "on peak” hours and be refilled and heated only during off peak hours.
  • this approach requires an open tank or a means to compensate for pressure and volume changes.
  • GB 2468706 is directed to a water heating apparatus including two coupled tanks, each tank having a heating device for heating water therein using a first source of energy. Temperature sensors in the respective tanks provide an indication of the temperature in the tanks and an indicator device generates a third indication of a temperature which can be provided by the first heating device and by the second heating device. In response to the three temperature indications, a system controller enables heating by a selected one of the first and second heating devices and inhibits heating by the other of the first and second heating devices.
  • Copending U.S. Application Serial No. 12/623,753 describes a system which provides a continuous supply of domestic hot water to meet the needs of a consumer, while utilizing off peak hours for heating of the stored water. Such a system also provides a valuable mechanism for a utility to shed load during peak and critical power demand periods.
  • the upper and lower heating elements can be enabled/disabled independently based on the demand response signal level.
  • the heating operation corresponding to the demand response level is consumer selectable for multiple tier signals (which may be greater than four levels). During low energy rate conditions, the lower element is engaged to heat the contents of the full tank for future use during high energy rate periods.
  • the lower element is then disengaged during high energy rate periods according to the programmed schedule, or an external or consumer input, reducing energy consumption during high energy rate periods.
  • a limitation of this system is that the stored energy can only be used for hot water. If the consumer is away, or not using water that stored, energy is essentially wasted.
  • DE 3828396 describes a system having a boiler connected to a flow and return pipe of a heating circuit, a water storage tank which has a lower heat storage zone and an upper domestic water zone.
  • a heat exchanger is provided in the transition region between these zones and is connected to a secondary circuit for the heat transfer medium of the heating circuit.
  • a further heat exchanger is provided in the bottom region of the water storage tank which can be short-circuited as a function of the return temperature of the heating circuit.
  • US 2003/0178408 describes a home water heater system, comprising a water heater having a thermostat connected to a heating element, where the water heater is connected to a cold in pipe and a hot out pipe, a mixer valve coupled between the cold in pipe and the hot out pipe and a controller coupled to the thermostat, where the controller is configured to restrict a supply of energy to the heating element as a function of at least one of a time-varying cost for the energy and a public demand for the energy.
  • the water heating and storage system includes an insulated tank with an upper and lower heating element which may be resistive heating or a heat pump, each with independent temperature regulating and limiting capability and a control device for operating each element independently.
  • the water heater could also be fired by natural gas or propane if in the future the cost of those varied over time.
  • the control is configured to provide heating input during low energy rate or usage conditions to minimize operating cost.
  • the signal for the control indicative of the energy rate or usage condition can be either generated in accordance with a programmed time schedule, or an external input signal from the utility or energy provider indicating a change in energy cost rate or from the consumer/owner.
  • the water heater is provided with a thermostatic control valve to provide consistent output temperatures.
  • a plumbing connection is also provided to allow hot water from the tank to be diverted to a heat exchanger before going through the thermostatic valve. This may be accomplished by removing the water from the hot water tank and sending it to the heat exchanger and returning it to the tank, or providing plumbing connections to remove the water from the tank and storing it in a new tank, and using a mixing valve to fill the new tank to a desired temperature. This allows heat transfer from the tank without mixing the fluids.
  • the water is heated up to the maximum temperature allowed by the tank construction. Typically 170 - 180F for a standard water heater, but the methods for operating at higher temperatures and pressure are well documented in the boiler industry.
  • a thermostatic mixing valve is used at the hot discharge of the storage tank to reduce the temperature of the water delivered to the user, reducing scalding risk and effectively increasing the thermal energy storage capacity of the system.
  • a water heating control and storage system comprises a first insulated tank for holding water to be heated and a second insulated tank for holding water to be heated.
  • a first plumbing connection is coupled to the first and the second tank, and configured to enable a first flow of water heated to a storage temperature greater than approximately 150 degrees F from the first tank towards the second tank.
  • a heat exchanger operatively selectively coupled in a parallel in heat exchange relationship with the water in connection to the first and the second insulated tank for transferring heat from a first flow of water that is heated to another medium.
  • the system also comprises an operation control device configured to receive and process a demand response signal and operate the first tank in at least one of a plurality of operating modes, including at least a water heating mode and a heat exchange mode.
  • the water heater system 10 includes a water heater 12, a control panel 14, a mixing valve 16, and a cutoff valve 18.
  • the water heater has a heater and a tank to store heated water.
  • the water heater includes a shell 20, a "cold in” pipe 22, a “hot out” pipe 24, and a cover 26.
  • the casing surrounds a tank 30 that acts as an interior reservoir for water. Insulation is provided around the exterior of the tank to reduce heat transfer.
  • the tank is preferably 80-gallon capacity or more.
  • the cold in pipe delivers water to the water heater at a temperature typically 40 to 80 degrees F (4 to 27 degrees C).
  • the hot out pipe conventionally delivers water away from the water heater at a temperature of about 120 degrees F (about 49 degrees C).
  • the cover and base seals the shell providing an enclosure for the tank, insulation and wiring system.
  • the water heater control and storage system 10 of FIG. 1 further comprises a heat exchanger 70 that is operatively selectively coupled in heat exchange relationship with the water in tank 30.
  • heat exchanger 70 is connected to the water heater 12 via a closed loop 76.
  • the close loop 76 includes the storage tank 30 connected to the heat exchanger 70 with a first plumbing connection 72 and a second plumbing connection 74.
  • the heat exchanger 70 is provided for extracting energy from the water in tank 30.
  • the heat exchanger 70 is configured for efficient heat transfer from a first medium comprising water to another medium, which can be water, another different fluid, air, or metal, for example.
  • the media may be separated by a wall (not shown) or in direct physical contact in some cases.
  • the heat exchanger 70 is used in any setting (e.g., industry, home use, etc.) both for cooling and/or heating.
  • the type and size of the heat exchanger used can be tailored to suit a process depending on the type of fluid, its phase, temperature, density, viscosity, pressures, chemical composition and various other thermodynamic properties.
  • the water heating system 10 heats the water in the storage tank to an above normal temperature, e.g., above a temperature of about 150 degrees F.
  • electric energy provided during the off peak lower rate period is stored in the form of heat energy in water heated above normal storage temperature (e.g., water above 150 degrees F).
  • the water heating system 10 can be operated in an energy saving mode which would include the heat exchange mode to transfer energy in the stored water heated above normal storage temperature to another medium to provide energy for the other device or function served by the heat exchanger at a lower cost, which is provided by the DR signals or TOU rates sent by the utility and received at the system further discussed below.
  • the heat exchanger 70 is configured to function as source of heat for a radiator or a forced air unit, heat in the form of water heated above normal storage temperature is transferred from tank 30 to the air for heating a dwelling or building.
  • the heat is used in HVAC coils for air conditioning.
  • Liquid-to-air or air-to-liquid HVAC coils are of a modified cross flow arrangement.
  • the fluids are water, a water-glycol solution, steam or a refrigerant, for example.
  • the present disclosure is not limited to any one type of medium, nor is the disclosure limited to any one type of heat exchanger for making use of energy stored in the system 10.
  • the heat exchanger 70 is a thermoelectric generator or a turbine, for example, for converting heat stored in the water heated above normal storage temperature to electricity.
  • Thermoelectric generators are devices which convert heat differentials (e.g., heat gradients) directly into electrical energy.
  • a principal of operation is based on the thermoelectric effect, which is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa.
  • a thermoelectric device creates a voltage when there is a different temperature on each side of junction within a close loop, for example. Conversely when a voltage is applied to it, a temperature difference is created (known as the Peltier effect).
  • thermoelectric devices can make good temperature controllers.
  • the first plumbing connection 72 comprises a hot water connection for providing a first flow 78 of water heated above normal storage temperature to to heat exchanger 70 to transfer heat from the water to another medium within the heat exchanger.
  • Pressure within the system 10 is substantially constant. Therefore, the system 10 includes a pump 80 to selectively create the first flow 78 into the heat exchanger 70 and a second flow 82 that returns water back to the tank 30.
  • pump 80 When the system is operating in the normal water heating mode, pump 80 is not energized and the water is simply maintained at the prevailing set point temperature.
  • the set point temperature may be set for the heat storage mode during which the water is heated to the higher than normal temperature set point, preferably a temperature set point greater than 150 degrees F.
  • the water heater set point When operating in the energy saving mode, such as during a peak or high rate utility state, the water heater set point may be adjusted to heat the water to a more typical or normal temperature on the order of 120 degrees F.
  • the system may also operate in the heat exchange mode by energizing pump 80 to circulate hot water from the tank through the heat exchanger 70.
  • cooler water in the second flow 82 returns to the bottom of the tank in order to keep the water temperature stratified with the hot water at the top and cooler water at the bottom of the tank 30.
  • the first flow 78 of water comprises water of a higher temperature than the second flow 82 of water returning to the tank 30.
  • connections 71 and 73 may be conducting air to be heated for a forced air heating system, in which case, air is heated by the water heated above normal storage temperature and used as hot air to heat the system.
  • a low pressure loop 110 is provided with a pressure sensor 120 for determining a change in pressure in the case of any leakage occurring.
  • the loop 110 comprises the heat exchanger 70 and the pump 80, as discussed supra.
  • the loop 110 is a closed loop that could comprise a glycol fluid or other fluid that is not harmful if leaked out.
  • the fluid is in heat exchange relationship with the water in the tank and with heat exchanger 70.
  • Hot water e.g., water heated above normal storage temperature
  • An air chamber or plenum 87 encloses heat exchanger 70. Air enters the plenum through filter 85 and flows over the heat exchanger absorbing heat from the fluid flowing in loop. The heated air exits at 81 into the environment being heated.
  • Hot water service is typically provided at 120 degrees F, therefore the thermostatic mixing valve setting is about 120 degrees F.
  • Typical element settings are in a range from 120 degrees F to 140 degrees F for a conventional water heater.
  • the energy storage capacity of a water heater can be maximized by elevating the element setting to a maximum level greater than the normal setting, and preferably greater than about 150 degrees F for heating water in the tank in a heat storing mode of operation.
  • a thermostat 36 can provide sole control over the flow of energy to the heating elements to maintain a predetermined substantially stable temperature in the tank. If the thermostat provides the only control over the flow of energy to the water heater, then the water heater may operate during on-peak energy periods.
  • the water heater system includes the demand response control panel which is configured to disable or prevent or otherwise control energization of the water heater elements in response to the rate or energy usage condition information.
  • the water heater system further includes mixing valve 16 connected to a cold in pipe 22 and the hot out pipe 24.
  • the temperature of the water in the cold in pipe is about 40 degrees F to 80 degrees F (about four degrees C to twenty-seven degrees C).
  • the mixing valve 16 On receiving cold water from the cold in pipe and hot water from the hot out pipe 24, the mixing valve 16 is configured to combine the two different temperature waters into mixed water having a temperature selected by the user by adjusting the temperature set point for the mixing valve. For example, the user typically selects a set point in the 110 - 120 degrees F range and in response water from the mixing valve outputs into a service pipe 60 at approximately the set point temperature.
  • the cutoff valve 18 is provided as a safety backup to the mixing valve.
  • the cutoff valve is a thermostat-controlled safety device that automatically closes if the water in the service pipe 60 reaches a predetermined high temperature, such as about 160.0 degrees F (about seventy-one degrees C.).
  • a consumer inputs the preferred response to the tiered signal levels from the energy provider and/or the programmed daily off-peak/on-peak demand periods scheduled into a timer.
  • the signal line also delivers this information into the control panel from, for example, utility companies.
  • the control panel 14 includes a demand response (DR) control 48 which in turn is connected to a transceiver, which is connected directly or indirectly to a source of utility rate information such as for example, a "smart" utility meter 42.
  • DR demand response
  • a power connection is provided to the water heater system.
  • the water tank, as well as the control panel is provided power from this connection.
  • the control panel serves to enable control of power to the water heater and pump 80 to operate the system in the normal mode and the energy saving mode, including the heat exchange mode, based on a communication signal to an interfaced port.
  • the demand response control 48 communicates via a signal line 50 from an energy provider, via a transceiver or hard line connection.
  • the signal line communicates status information such as the response level regarding off-peak and on-peak information from energy generating facilities.
  • the demand response control can be configured to receive and process a signal indicative of a current state of a utility or energy provider.
  • the utility state has an associated energy cost.
  • the demand response control is configured to override the normal operating mode of the water heater based on the operating state of the utility to reduce energy consumption during peak usage states thereby lowering the energy cost for the user.
  • a manual override for a user can be provided to override the demand response signal if desired.
  • the control may be configured to operate the water heater system in an energy savings mode when the utility is operating in a peak state.
  • the user may select a target or threshold energy cost. If a current energy cost indicated by the utility state signal, exceeds the user selected cost, the water heater system is operated in an energy saving mode. If the utility is operating in an off-peak mode, or current energy cost is less than the user selected cost, the operation control device operates the water heater system in a normal operating mode.
  • the water heater When operating in the normal operating mode, the water heater is enabled operate in a heat storing mode to heat the water to a higher than normal temperature, e.g., a predetermined temperature in excess of 150 degrees F, taking advantage of low cost energy being provided by heating the water above normal storage temperature in the tank. This energy is then used during operation in the heat exchange mode for reducing energy cost during peak times when energy cost is higher.
  • a higher than normal temperature e.g., a predetermined temperature in excess of 150 degrees F
  • the DR control acts as a radio receiver or has a remote transceiver, which could receive a multiple tiered response level signal, directly or indirectly from the utility for example.
  • a multi leveled response is operable for triggering an "on peak" response.
  • the control has a cost control that processes at least one signal having an associated energy cost.
  • the control enables operation of the heat exchanger 70 in the heat exchange mode when the energy cost associated with the signal is high.
  • the heat exchanger 70 operates to save cost when costs are high.
  • the tank operates in a heat storing mode to heat water above normal storage temperature for storing.
  • the water heater system 310 includes a first water heater 302, a second water heater 304, an operation control 314, a mixing valve 316, and a heat exchanger 370.
  • the first water heater 302 has a "cold in” pipe 322, a "hot out” pipe 324, and a cover 326.
  • the casing surrounds a tank 330 that acts as an interior reservoir for water. Insulation is provided around the exterior of the tank to reduce heat transfer.
  • the cold in pipe 322 delivers water to the first water heater 302 at a temperature typically in the range of 40 to 80 degrees F (4 to 27 degrees C).
  • the hot out pipe conventionally in a water heating mode delivers water away from the water heater at a temperature of about 120 degrees F (about 49 degrees C).
  • the "hot out" pipe 324 delivers water heated above normal storage temperature at a temperature above about 150 degrees F to the second water tank 304.
  • the mixing valve 316 intercepts the water heated above normal storage temperature flow and mixes cooler water directed to it from the heat exchanger 370 via a second plumbing connection 374. Consequently, water entering the second water heater 304 is cooler at a more standard temperature of about 120 degrees F.
  • the water heater control and storage system 310 of FIG. 3 further comprises a first plumbing connection 372 connecting the heat exchanger 370 to the "hot out" pipe 324. Water heated above normal storage temperature is supplied to the heat exchanger 370 via the first plumbing connection 372.
  • the first water heater 302 in conjunction with the second water heater 304 increases the water storage capacity of the system.
  • the second water heater 304 is maintained at a standard water temperature, while the first water heater 302 maintains the water stored at a heat storing mode level for providing energy with the heat exchanger 370.
  • the water in the first tank 302 is heated when energy is provided at a relatively reduced cost with respect to different cost levels.
  • the operation control 314 is configured as a demand response control that acts as a radio receiver or has a remote transceiver, which could receive a multiple tiered response level signal, for example. As discussed above, a multi leveled response is operable for triggering an "on peak" response.
  • the control 314 operates the heat exchanger 370 in the heat exchange mode to transfer the energy stored in the hot water to another medium to supplement the energy needed by another device when the energy cost associated with the signal is relatively high.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate examples of a utility's time of use rates for a summer season and winter season, respectively.
  • the peaks mostly follow residential heating and cooling load and appliance (including water heating) consumer usage patterns. For example, rates peak between 1:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. in the summer and between 6:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. in the winter. Of particular importance is a winter peak of 6-9pm.
  • rates peak between 1:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. in the summer and between 6:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. in the winter. Of particular importance is a winter peak of 6-9pm.
  • These are examples of a specific utility, and they can vary significantly. Especially in the southeastern United States, on winter mornings there is high electrical demand from hot water for bathing, cooking, and heating the home, which can lead to peak rates in the early AM, or even two peak rate periods a day.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Claims (1)

  1. Wassererwärmungssteuer- und -speichersystem, umfassend:
    einen ersten Wassererwärmer (302), der einen ersten isolierten Tank (330) umfasst und konfiguriert ist, um Wasser in dem isolierten Tank (330) auf eine erhöhte Speichertemperatur von mehr als etwa 66 °C (150 Grad F) während eines Wassererwärmungsmodus zu erwärmen;
    einen zweiten Wassererwärmer (304) zum Speichern von Wasser;
    einen Wärmetauscher (370), der mit einem Heißabflussrohr (324) des ersten Wassererwärmers(302) gekoppelt ist, wobei der Wärmetauscher (370) Energie von dem in dem ersten isolierten Tank (330) auf die erhöhte Speichertemperatur erwärmten Wasser während eines Wärmeaustauschmodus erhält,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wassererwärmungssteuer- und -speichersystem ein Mischventil (316) umfasst, das mit dem Heißabflussrohr (324) zur Aufnahme des auf die erhöhte Speichertemperatur erwärmten Wassers und mit dem Wärmetauscher (370) zur Aufnahme eines Stroms von kühlerem Wasser aus dem Wärmetauscher (370) gekoppelt ist, wobei das Mischventil (316) so konfiguriert ist, dass es einen gemischten Wasserstrom in den zweiten Wassererwärmer (304) leitet; und
    eine Betriebssteuervorrichtung (314), die so konfiguriert ist, dass sie (i) ein Anforderungsantwortsignal empfängt und verarbeitet und das System in mindestens einem von mehreren Betriebsmodi, einschließlich mindestens dem Wassererwärmungsmodus und dem Wärmeaustauschmodus, betreibt, und (ii) das System selektiv in dem Wärmeaustauschmodus und dem Wassererwärmungsmodus betreibt, und eine Steuervorrichtung (314) umfasst, um mindestens ein Signal zu verarbeiten, das einen Energienutzungszustand aus einer Vielzahl an Energienutzungszuständen eines Energieversorgers anzeigt einschließlich mindestens eines Spitzenzustands und eines Außerspitzenzustands; wobei die Betriebssteuervorrichtung (314) im Wärmeaustauschmodus arbeitet, wenn der Energienutzungszustand und die damit verbundenen Kosten der Spitzenzustand ist.
EP11181825.8A 2011-09-19 2011-09-19 Bedarfsverwaltung für Warmwasserbereiter Active EP2570738B1 (de)

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DE1215330B (de) * 1961-02-25 1966-04-28 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zum Kuehlen und Heizen von mit einer Warmfluessigkeitsheizung ausgestatteten Raeumen
CH566526A5 (de) * 1974-01-14 1975-09-15 Forster Hermann Ag
AT390833B (de) * 1987-09-10 1990-07-10 Atzenhofer Werner Vorrichtung zum erwaermen des waermetraegers eines heizkreislaufes und von brauchwasser
GB9222417D0 (en) * 1992-10-26 1992-12-09 Montarco Construction Inc A hot water tank energy controller
US6861621B2 (en) * 2002-03-22 2005-03-01 Whirlpool Corporation Demand side management of water heater systems
WO2007098526A1 (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-09-07 Rheem Australia Pty Limited A controllable water heater
US20100179705A1 (en) * 2009-01-14 2010-07-15 Sequentric Energy Systems, Llc Methods, circuits, water heaters, and computer program products for remote management of separate heating elements in storage water heaters
GB2468706A (en) * 2009-03-19 2010-09-22 Richard Arthur Brown Water heating apparatus comprising a first tank coupled to a second tank

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