EP2567037A2 - Ensemble d'éléments préfabriqués entrant dans la fabrication d'un bâtiment d'au moins deux niveaux et processus de construction et de montage connexe - Google Patents

Ensemble d'éléments préfabriqués entrant dans la fabrication d'un bâtiment d'au moins deux niveaux et processus de construction et de montage connexe

Info

Publication number
EP2567037A2
EP2567037A2 EP11729683A EP11729683A EP2567037A2 EP 2567037 A2 EP2567037 A2 EP 2567037A2 EP 11729683 A EP11729683 A EP 11729683A EP 11729683 A EP11729683 A EP 11729683A EP 2567037 A2 EP2567037 A2 EP 2567037A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
floor
storey
portions
walls
lateral
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11729683A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Manuele Donnini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DB2 Srl
Original Assignee
DB2 Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DB2 Srl filed Critical DB2 Srl
Publication of EP2567037A2 publication Critical patent/EP2567037A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/344—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts
    • E04B1/3442—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts folding out from a core cell
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/005—Modulation co-ordination

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of prefabricated buildings, in particular for residential use.
  • US385721 1 shows a multilevel prefabricated building wherein the walls and the floors are hinged to one another according to horizontal axes, obtaining somewhat complicated configurations both of hinge mechanisms and in terms of space, said complexity reflecting on the external dimensions of the compacted building prior to installation, external dimensions which are undoubtedly excessively large with respect to requirements both of transportation and of final habitable area of the building.
  • the present invention proposes the creation of a building with at least two storeys for housing wherein the walls and the floors or parts thereof are prefabricated far from the installation site and can be grouped together for transportation in a manner to facilitate transportation and assembly on site.
  • the hollow structure is designed to extemporaneously contain walls and floors of the building or portions thereof to form this compact grouping of prefabricated constructional elements
  • a prefabricated portal structure formed by a central portion of the roof floor of this storey connected permanently to two portions of transverse wall of the same storey; these portal structures are designed to be inserted with the respective central portions of floor resting on top of one another and above the hollow structure to form the compact grouping and then, during installation, to be anchored to one another and to the hollow structure preferably by means of respective portions of transverse walls, and
  • - guide means designed to guide, during assembly on site, the portal structures in the lifting movement on top of the hollow structure
  • the guide means are arranged between the portions of transverse walls of the portal structures and between these and the portions of transverse walls of the hollow structure.
  • the grouping has an elongated extension in a longitudinal direction, in practice given by the longitudinally elongated extension of the hollow structure, which preferably has a substantially rectangular plan view outline; therefore transverse is intended as a direction substantially transverse to the longitudinal direction of extension of the grouping or of the hollow structure; in particular, a part or portion of transverse wall relates to a component of the assembly which when installed forms a wall or portion of wall of the building to be produced and which with respect to the direction of extension of the hollow structure is transverse (preferably orthogonal).
  • the terms "ground storey " and "second storey " also relate to components that will have this function once the assembly has been installed on site to produce a building.
  • the walls and floors can be produced according to different structures, for example be formed by frames that are then filled by masking or covering surfaces, or be formed by monolithic or multilayer panels or the like.
  • the portions of transverse walls, defined hereunder also as first portions of transverse walls, which permanently connect the central portion of the walk floor of the ground storey and the central portion of the floor above that define the hollow structure can advantageously be formed by uprights, columns or pillars or vertical beams between which there can be space and can be filled, if necessary, by one or more masking surfaces; the guides for lifting of the portal structure that defines the second storey can be produced, for example, in these uprights.
  • the inside of the hollow structure is defined by an outline without any vertical connecting elements, that can be transverse or longitudinal, between the parts of the hollow structure or with other parts external to this, space which is occupied by walls or portions of walls of the assembly when assembled in a grouping; in this manner no connecting elements of parts of the structure are present.
  • the inside of the hollow structure is free of (i.e. does not house) portions of floors with the exclusion of the portion of walk floor and roof floor defining the hollow structure itself; preferably the grouping has only three central portions of horizontal floors.
  • the space inside the hollow structure is a space defined at least between the walk floor and the ceiling which, in the preferred embodiments, is of greater dimensions with respect to the walk floor.
  • the portions of transverse walls that permanently connect walk floor and roof floor of the hollow structure can be of lesser width with respect to the width of the hollow structure and the space that remains between transverse portion of permanent connection and the longitudinal sides of the walk floor or roof floor of the hollow structure is part of the space inside the same hollow structure.
  • the assembly comprises:
  • first lower lateral portions i.e. lateral with respect to the direction of longitudinal extension of the walk floor
  • the first lateral portions of floor are innermost in the grouping with respect to said second and third lateral portions of floors, while the third lateral portions of floor are outermost in the grouping with respect to the other lateral portions of floors.
  • the prefabricated hollow structure contains, when the assembly is in the grouping for transportation and installation, walls and floors or portions thereof.
  • the hollow structure is delimited vertically between the first central portion of the walk floor of the ground storey and the second central portion of the roof floor of the ground storey (ceiling of the hollow structure), while it is delimited laterally (i.e. in transverse direction) by the two second lateral portions of the walk floor of the second storey; in this configuration, this hollow structure preferably contains the first lateral portions of the walk floor of the ground storey hinged to the first central portion of the same walk floor.
  • the grouping comprises inside said hollow structure the portions of transverse end wall relating to the lateral portions of the wlak floor of the ground storey.
  • the term "end” is referred to those walls or portions of walls that form the external perimeter of the building (i.e. that internally or externally form the perimetral walls of the building; therefore these portions of wall can be of the frame type to be filled, panels ready for use as walls, etc.).
  • these transverse end walls or portions thereof also defined as first portions of transverse lateral walls, are arranged to continue the transverse end facade of the ground storey, together with the transverse central portions of walls for permanent connection between the two floors of the hollow structure.
  • a first transverse lateral end wall relating to a first lateral portion of the walk floor of the ground floor is arranged vertically, preferably resting on the central portion of the walk floor of the ground floor and oriented with the flat extension thereof in longitudinal direction; preferably it is positioned in proximity of the side of the first central portion of the walk floor of the ground floor.
  • this first transverse lateral end wall i.e. relating to a lateral portion of the walk floor of the ground storey, besides being inside the hollow structure, also has a height substantially the same as or slightly below the height of the space inside the hollow structure, i.e. the distance between the first central portion of the walk floor of the ground storey and the second central portion forming the roof floor of the ground storey.
  • this first transverse lateral end wall helps to support, with the upper part thereof, the roof floor of the ground storey (i.e. the walk floor of the second storey) which due to deformation under load has a deflection that brings it into contact (indirect in the case of intermediate elements such as gaskets or the like) with the first transverse lateral wall underneath; this provides adequate structural strength both of the assembly in the form of grouping, and of the assembly when assembled to form a building.
  • At least one transverse lateral end wall or portion thereof relating to the lateral portion of the walk floor of the hollow structure always maintains a vertical position during all the installation steps of the building. This makes it possible, for example, always to make use of the height of this transverse lateral end wall or portion thereof to support the loads coming from the floor or portions of floors above, in all the installation steps. Moreover, it also allows, for example, extremely simplified movement.
  • this transverse lateral end wall or portion thereof i.e. relating to the lateral portion of the walk floor of the hollow structure, can rotate, i.e. is provided with means that allow a rotation thereof about a vertical axis preferably intersecting or tangent to the walk floor. This allows considerable simplification of the installation steps of the building.
  • this transverse lateral end wall or portion thereof is hinged to a support, such as the central portion of the walk floor or roof floor of the ground storey or to an upright forming the transverse central wall for permanent connection between the floors of the hollow structure, this hinging preferably takes place according to a vertical axis intersecting the central portion of the walk floor of the ground storey, with the end part of this transverse lateral end wall or portion thereof being arranged in proximity of the hinge axis; this end part therefore rests on the central portion of the walk floor, contributing to the stiffening of the structure as a whole (in fact, when in the installation position, the transverse lateral end wall or portion thereof rests both on the central portion of the walk floor of the ground storey and on the related lateral portion of walk floor of the ground storey, with adequate distribution of loads).
  • the transverse lateral end walls or portions thereof relating to the second storey are also hinged to a support integral or made integral with the second storey, according to a vertical axis.
  • the transverse lateral end walls or portions thereof relating to the second storey are hinged according to a vertical axis (when in the grouping position) to one side of a longitudinal end (i.e. outer) wall of the second storey.
  • translation means are associated with a longitudinal end wall or portion thereof of the ground storey or of an upper storey, these means being designed to allow guided translation, parallel to itself, from a position of minimum dimensions in the grouping close to or inside the hollow structure, to an installation position to produce the longitudinal end wall of the building; it is evident that in the grouping this longitudinal end wall or portion thereof is arranged longitudinally. In this manner, the installation step is extremely simplified.
  • the assembly comprises a hollow structure and a single portal structure, to thereby define a building with only two storeys, a ground storey and a second storey; preferably, to form a building with several storeys, it is possible to arrange, for example, two assemblies, or two groupings, one on top of the other and "open them" (i.e. perform installation), preferably first installing the assembly underneath and then the one above.
  • the central portion of roof floor forming the portal structure is substantially abutting against and/or supported by the upper central portion of the hollow structure below.
  • supported it is intended that the uppermost upper portion discharges, directly or indirectly through the interposing of intermediate elements such as a supporting pad, mat, etc., at least part of its weight onto the lower central portion of the hollow structure below; it is understood that there may therefore be a space between the two surfaces, for example with a height between 0 and 40 cm.
  • the assembly when configured as grouping, it has an arrangement of the portions of walls and of the floors substantially symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal vertical plane passing along the longitudinal centerline of said hollow structure. Therefore, there will be opposed pairs of lateral portions of floors hinged to the respective central portions of the floors and pairs of transverse or longitudinal walls or portions thereof associated with respective lateral portions of floors.
  • covering panels of the portions of transverse end walls for connection of the central portions of floors may be arranged inside the hollow structure; preferably these panels (or walls) can be arranged vertically and/or horizontally with transverse orientation and preferably straddle the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the grouping.
  • walls or portions of walls and portions of floors can be anchored extemporaneously to one another to allow common movement thereof during the installation step (for example transverse lateral walls anchored to longitudinal walls and/or to portions of floors)
  • the assembly of prefabricated elements to form a prefabricated building with at least two storeys comprises:
  • a hollow prefabricated structure formed by portions of the walk floors of the ground storey and of the storey above permanently connected to one another by means of portions of transverse walls of the ground storey, the hollow structure being designed to extemporaneously contain walls and floors of the building or portions thereof to form a grouping of prefabricated constructional elements designed for transportation to the installation site, and
  • a prefabricated portal structure formed by a central portion of the roof floor of this storey connected permanently to two portions of transverse walls of the same storey, said portal structures being designed to be inserted with the respective portions of floor resting on top of one another above said hollow structure to form said compact grouping and then, during installation, to be anchored to one another and to the hollow structure by means of the respective portions of transverse walls.
  • the assembly of prefabricated elements can comprise guide means to guide the portal structures in the movement to lift them on top of the hollow structure.
  • at least some of said portions of the walk floor and roof floor can be hinged to lateral portions of the respective walk floors, to facilitate installation thereof.
  • the invention relates to said grouping of the components of the assembly, grouping that can be defined as in one or more of the configurations described above.
  • the hollow structure contains walls and floors of the building or portions thereof and the portal structures are placed on top of said hollow structure with the respective portions of roof floor resting on top of one another on the upper face of the hollow structure and the portions of transverse walls placed adjacent to one another and to the portions of transverse walls of the ground storey.
  • the longitudinal walls of the ground storey are firstly placed adjacent to one another centrally and subsequently, in this order, first the transverse walls of the upper storey and covering panels of portions of transverse walls of the lower storey, then the transverse walls of the ground storey, then the lateral portions of the walk floor of the ground storey, then the lateral portions of the walk floor of the upper storey, are placed adjacent thereto, on opposite sides.
  • the longitudinal walls of the upper storey are placed externally to the lateral portions of the upper storey and said portal structure is then placed resting on top of the group thus formed, while the lateral portions of the roof floor are placed laterally adjacent to said group.
  • the longitudinal walls of the upper group thus formed are fixed extemporaneously to said portions of transverse walls and to the central portion of the roof floor of said portal structure.
  • the invention relates to a fabrication and/or assembly process of the assembly or of the grouping as described above.
  • the assembly process of walls and floors to form a prefabricated building with two storeys starting from a grouped assembly according to one or more of the configurations described above comprises:
  • rotation of the lateral portions of the roof floor of the second storey from a vertical position to a horizontal position (with support in this position) takes place before lifting of the portal structure.
  • rotation of the lateral portions of the roof floor of the second storey takes place after lifting of the portal structure (with support in this position).
  • rotation of the lateral portions of the roof floor of the second storey from a vertical position to a horizontal position takes place before rotation of the lateral portions of the walk floor of the second storey from a vertical position to a horizontal position.
  • rotation of the lateral portions of the roof floor of the second storey from a vertical position to a horizontal position takes place after rotation of the lateral portions of the walk floor of the second storey from a vertical position to a horizontal position.
  • the transverse lateral walls are placed in final position when the respective lateral portions of floors above and below have already been positioned; preferably, positioning of said transverse lateral walls takes place by rotation about a vertical axis, preferably the transverse lateral walls relating to the ground storey are always vertical during installation.
  • the longitudinal perimetral walls are placed in final position when the respective lateral portions of floors above and below have already been positioned; according to a mode of implementation, preferably said longitudinal perimetral walls can translate parallel to itself from the position in the grouping to the final position, according to another mode of implementation, the longitudinal perimetral walls of the second storey are constrained to the respective lateral portions of the roof floor of the second storey and during lifting of the portal structure these longitudinal perimetral walls of the second storey rotate and translate from a horizontal position assumed previously to the final vertical position.
  • transverse lateral walls and/or longitudinal walls can be rotated together with corresponding lateral portions of floor from a vertical position to a horizontal position and subsequently repositioned vertically.
  • a first lifting of the portal structure is carried out to allow intermediate rotational movements of the various portions of walls; preferably said first lifting is followed by a first rotation from vertical to horizontal of the lateral portions of roof floor of the second storey and a subsequent rotation from vertical to horizontal of the assemblies formed by the lateral portions of the walk floor of the second storey with the respective transverse and longitudinal walls of the second storey fixed extemporaneously, followed by lifting of the portal structure into final position.
  • the transverse walls of the portal structure slide on or inside the transverse walls of the hollow structure.
  • the lateral portions of the floors of the second storey and of its roof are supported at the free periphery, preferably at least in the corner areas, by permanent support columns.
  • floor extensions can be anchored to the free ends of the portions of floor; these extensions can be inside the perimeter of the building once it has been completed, or outside to form balconies and/or awnings.
  • Fig.1 shows a schematic perspective view of a prefabricated building according to the invention
  • Fig.2 shows an exploded schematic perspective view of the building of
  • Fig.3 shows a perspective view of the grouping according to the invention formed extemporaneously with the constructional elements of the prefabricated building of Fig.1 , such as walls, walk floor and roof floors, or parts thereof, for transportation to the installation site;
  • Fig.4 shows an exploded perspective view of the grouping of elements of
  • Figs.5 and 6 show respective cross sectional views according to V-V, VI-VI of Fig.3;
  • Figs.7 to 15 show schematic perspective views of the building of Fig.1 in various assembly steps
  • Figs.16 and 17 show front views of two facades of the building, according to XVI-XVI and XVII-XVII of Fig.1 ;
  • Figs.18, 19 and 20 shows sectional views according to XVIII-XVIII of Fig.17, XIX-XIX of Fig.16, and XX-XX of Fig.19, respectively;
  • Fig.21 shows a vertical sectional view of a temporary railing attached to the edge of a floor of the building during assembly thereof;
  • Fig.22 shows an enlarged front view of the detail XXII of Fig.8;
  • Fig.23 shows a sectional view according to XXIII-XXIII of Fig.22;
  • Fig.24 shows an enlarged view of the detail XXIV of Fig.23;
  • Fig.25 shows a sectional view according to XXV-XXV of Fig.24;
  • Fig.26 shows a view according to XXVI-XXVI of Fig.20;
  • Fig.27 shows a front view of an auxiliary balance for lifting of the portal structure V onto the hollow structure W;
  • Figs.28 and 29 show respective schematic views of assembly steps of the building using auxiliary equipment
  • Fig. 30 shows a schematic cross sectional front view of a second embodiment of a grouping of elements of an assembly according to the invention.
  • Fig. 31 shows a schematic sectional top view of the grouping of Fig.30;
  • Figs. 32 to 42 show schematic front views of the installation of a building starting from the grouping of Fig.30;
  • Fig. 43 shows a schematic cross-sectional front view of a third embodiment of a grouping of elements of an assembly according to the invention.
  • Fig. 44 shows a schematic sectional top view of the grouping of Fig.43;
  • Figs. 45 to 52 show schematic front views of the installation of a building starting from the grouping of Fig.43;
  • Fig. 53 shows a schematic perspective view of the structural skeleton of the building that can be produced with the embodiment of the assembly of Fig. 43;
  • Fig. 54 shows temporary components to be fixed to the elements of the assembly for installation according to Figs.45 to 52;
  • Fig. 55 shows a schematic cross-sectional front view, again of the third embodiment, but relating to a different mode of installation
  • Figs. 56 to 63 show schematic front views of the installation of a building starting from the grouping of Fig.55;
  • Figs. 64 and 65 show temporary components to be fixed to the elements of the assembly for the installation according to Figs. 56 to 63;
  • Fig. 66 shows a schematic cross-sectional front view of a fourth embodiment of a grouping of elements of an assembly according to the invention.
  • Fig. 67 shows a schematic sectional top view of the grouping of Fig. 66;
  • Fig. 68 shows a schematic cross-sectional front view of a fifth embodiment of a grouping of elements of an assembly according to the invention
  • Fig. 69 shows a schematic sectional top view of the grouping of Fig.68;
  • Figs. 70, 71 and 72 respectively show a schematic plan view of the ground storey, of the second storey and of the roof of buildings as in the examples of Figs. 43 and following.
  • a building with two storeys according to the invention has a general parallelepiped shape as show schematically in Fig.1 and is formed by walls and floors that are 80% finished in a fabrication plant far from the installation site, these elements being grouped together to be thus transported with a suitable means of transport in a single journey to the installation site.
  • the building is designed to provide a dwelling sufficient to contain a family of 4/5 people, with all the necessary rooms and with dimensions that allow a good quality of life complying with certifiable quality in sustainable and environmentally-friendly building band and with energy saving and thermal and acoustic insulation regulations for residential buildings.
  • Figs.16 and 17 which show in detail respective lateral views of the building
  • Figs. 18 and 19 which show two cross sections of the building
  • the various prefabricated components such as walls and floors or portions thereof are shown with the various openings provided with door and window frames, such as the opening P1 for the front door and with various surfaces with windows P2- P4) after assembly to form the load bearing structure of the building which, in substance, consists of two large environments placed one on top of the other.
  • the building may then be completed by means of dividing walls, stairs to access the upper floor and the like.
  • the building comprises:
  • the terms “transverse” and “longitudinal” refer to an element (such as a wall or the like) extending parallel to the facades of Fig. 16 and of Fig.17, respectively.
  • the ground storey where the term is not ambiguous, is also called “lower”.
  • the storey above the ground storey is also defined second storey.
  • portion M is also defined as “first central portion” of floor of the ground storey
  • portion N is defined as “second central portion” of floor of the second storey
  • portion O is defined as "third central portion” of floor of the storey above the second storey.
  • a grouping Z (see Figs.3, 4, 5, 6) of prefabricated elements is formed, comprising the hollow structure W, wherein the first central portion M of floor of the lower storey forms the base for resting the grouping Z on the ground.
  • the portal structure V is placed on top of the structure W with the third central portion of roof floor resting on the second central portion N of floor of the upper storey of the hollow structure W (see in particular Fig.6) and with the portions L of transverse walls of the upper storey placed adjacent to the portions I of transverse walls of the lower storey which are part of the hollow structure W.
  • These portions L thus form the external transverse end faces of said grouping Z.
  • all the other structure elements of the building are placed in the hollow structure W to form a grouping Z of parallelepiped shape which can be transported in a block, elements which are placed in the following order and arrangement (see Figs. 4 and 5):
  • first longitudinal external walls F1 , F2 of the lower storey are arranged centrally in the hollow structure W; there are placed externally to these
  • first lateral portions C of the walk floor of the lower storey which are hinged according to respective longitudinal axes x-x along respective longitudinal sides of the first central portion M of the same floor which forms the base on which said hollow structure W rests, these first lateral portions C being rotated upward through 90° in a vertical plane and placed adjacent to said pairs of first transverse lateral walls D1, D2, D3, D4 of the lower storey; then there are placed in the grouping
  • the various structural parts such as walls and floors or portions thereof, have a load bearing structure made of wood and steel treated with specific products, for correct preservation of these materials, and an infill wall in wood or other materials of natural and non-natural origin, which cooperate with the structure and provide the necessary thermal and acoustic insulation.
  • the building according to the invention is a relatively lightweight structure compared to conventional masonry buildings, it requires foundation beds of reduced dimensions given the same geological ground conditions.
  • a lightweight structure of this kind also allows a noteworthy reduction in the costs of on-site operations, requiring minor excavation depths and a smaller quantity of concrete and reinforcement bars used, and the building can be anchored to the foundation bed by means of neoprene dampers which, in the event of an earthquake, are able to absorb the stresses of the ground and guarantee maximum safety.
  • the building described above has external dimensions at the base of 7.63 m in width and 9.60 m in length, with a height of 6.31 m on the foundation bed.
  • the grouping Z has dimensions of 9.60 m x 2.80 m at the base and 3.60 m in height, which fall within the dimensions permissible for transportation of exceptional loads. It is thus possible to transport this grouping to the installation site using an articulated vehicle.
  • assembly on site of the building takes place in the following manner.
  • the grouping Z once taken to the site, will be placed in the arrangement shown in Fig.3 with its base, from the first central portion M of the walk floor of the lower storey, on a concrete foundation bed PF (Fig.6) with the interposing of specific neoprene anti-seismic dampers T.
  • Temporary railings PP (Fig.21) will then be anchored to the edge of the roof floor (A, O, A), designed to allow assembly personnel to work in complete safety against the risk of falling from height once the roof floor has assumed its final position to form the flat horizontal roof of the building, .
  • These railings PP comprise vertical supports formed by a pair of tubular elements PP1 , PP2 inserted telescopically inside one another and which can be made to slide reciprocally by means of an internal screw device operated by means of a crank PP3.
  • each tubular element PP1 , PP2 has a bracket PP4, PP5, respectively, designed to be inserted in a respective front opening of an external edge beam (such as the edge beam X) of a floor along which the railing must be attached.
  • an external edge beam such as the edge beam X
  • the two brackets are each anchored in a respective vertical support external to the edge beam.
  • the next step is vertical lifting (arrow F2 of Fig.8) of the portal structure V on top of the hollow structure W.
  • the portal structure V with the third lateral portions of roof floor A lying horizontally and the longitudinal walls G of the upper storey temporarily anchored to the second portions L of transverse end walls of the upper storey is guided by guide means arranged between the portions of transverse walls L of the upper storey and the first portions of transverse walls I of the lower storey.
  • These guide means comprise a pair of C sections, indicated with MG1 in
  • Figs.22 to 25 attached to the outer face of the portions of transverse wall I of the hollow structure W in proximity of its vertical sides, with the opening of the C facing outward, these sections being part of a metal reinforcement extending along the sides of the portions of transverse wall I.
  • a similar reinforcement MG2 is attached to the internal face of the portion of transverse wall L of the portal structure V, attached to the lower part of which are trolleys MG3, each provided with pairs of wheels, designed to run inside said sections MG1.
  • Lifting of the portal structure V on top of the hollow structure W is carried out with the aid of external lifting means, such as a mobile crane, using two or more steel balances of the type indicated with R in Fig.27 temporarily anchored by tie rods R1 to the upper faces A, O, A of the roof floor and lifted by the mobile crane by means of a pair of tie rods R2.
  • the portal structure V is fixed temporarily to the hollow structure W by pins S1 (Figs.22, 23) that pass through holes of the lateral walls L of the portal structure V and specific seats S2 provided in the second central portion of floor N of the upper storey.
  • pins S1 Figs.22, 23
  • This is followed by final fixing of the walls L to the floor N of the hollow structure W by means of connecting brackets similar to the brackets K of Fig.26, guaranteeing a stable position of the portal structure V on top of the hollow structure W during and after the subsequent assembly operations.
  • some vertical poles PV, PVX for example three for each side, are placed adjacent to the roof floor along the longitudinal sides thereof, as shown in Figs. 28 and 29.
  • the poles PV are positioned in proximity of the vertices of the roof floor and fixed at the upper end thereof to the longitudinal edge of the roof floor by means of a bracket PV1 provided with winch, and at the lower end thereof to the foundation bed by means of a foot PV2 adjustable in height.
  • the poles PVX are positioned along the centerline of the longitudinal sides of the building and are fixed in a similar manner to the poles PV.
  • the first laterals portions C of the walk floor of the lower storey is then taken to horizontal position, rotating them downward (arrow F4 of Figs.10 to 28) about the respective hinges with axis x-x after having hooked them in proximity of the free edge by means of steel cables N1 of winches N2 attached to the transverse walls I in proximity of the top thereof, to control the lowering movement in rotation of the portions C setting them on the bed PF with the interposing of anti-seismic dampers T provided therein.
  • transverse lateral external walls D1 , D2; D3, D4 of the lower storey are then arranged in their final position (Fig. 1 1 ) and fixed to the walk floors C and B of the upper and lower storeys, also integrating the temporary connection between the central portions of lateral walls (L) and the walk floor (N) of the upper storey with final fixing.
  • transverse lateral external walls E1 , E2; E3, E4 of the upper storey are then arranged in their final position (Fig.12, 29) lifting them by means of winches PV1-PV5 (and respective cables PV7) attached to a crosspiece PV6 fixed, on each longitudinal side of the building, to the top of the poles PV, PVX and these walls are anchored to the respective walk floor B and to the roof floor A.
  • these transverse walls of both storeys are rotated through 90° about a vertical axis, as shown by the arrows F5 of Fig.1 1 and F6 of Fig.12, the movement being facilitated and guided by means of rolling rollers Q (Fig.26) incorporated in the lower and upper edges of the walls, rollers that run in specific rails 111 (Fig. 20) with a curvilinear trend attached to a face of the various portions of the respective floor.
  • the various transverse walls are fixed to the adjacent floors using brackets similar to those K, K1 of Fig.26, adapted to allow this fixing by means of nuts and bolts.
  • the longitudinal walls F1 , F2 of the lower storey are then placed in position, translating them according to the arrows F7 of Fig.13 from their central position in the grouping Z to their final position flush with the transverse walls D1 , D3; D2, D4 of the lower storey.
  • the same operation is repeated for the longitudinal walls G1 , G2 of the upper storey, translating them according to the arrows F8 of Fig.14 from their temporary fixing position flush with the central portion L of the transverse walls of the upper storey, to their final position flush with the lateral transverse walls E1 , E2; E3, E4 of the upper storey.
  • Rolling (rollers Q) and guide means (such as the rectilinear rails U2 of Fig.20) similar to those described above for the transverse lateral walls will also be used for these movements, and fixing means analogous to those described above will be used to fix the longitudinal walls F1 , F2; G1 , G2 to the respective floors and adjacent transverse walls.
  • the various finishing works can then be carried out, such as the installation of one or more staircases connecting the two storeys internally, the assembly of two covering panels H (Fig.15) - which were also part of the grouping Z (see Fig.4) - to be placed externally over the portions I of transverse walls of the lower storey and which cover the connections of the piping of the various systems between the lower storey and the upper storey, the assembly of aesthetic elements and of copper metalwork, such as downpipes and flashings, and all the internal finishing steps, such as the installation of dividing walls, plasterboard ceilings, wooden flooring, bathroom and kitchen coverings, the assembly of internal frames, the joining and connection of systems, the assembly of electrical and sanitary equipment.
  • the building with two storeys according to the invention can be assembled and made habitable in two weeks.
  • the invention is applicable to a building with more than two storeys, for example three.
  • the assembly of prefabricated elements comprises, as shown in Fig.6, besides the hollow structure W and the portal structure V of the storey above the ground storey, also a second portal structure V1 (indicated with dashed lines in Fig.6) formed by the roof floor 01 of the highest storey and, integral therewith, two portions of transverse walls L1 of the same storey.
  • the second portal structure V1 is resting with its floor 01 on top of and in contact with the slab O of the first portal structure V, and the portions of transverse walls L1 are placed adjacent to the corresponding portions L of the first portal structure V. Moreover, between the portions of transverse walls L, L1 placed adjacent to one another there can be provided guide means to guide the second portal structure V1 during lifting thereof on top of the first portal structure V during installation thereof.
  • Figs.30 and 31 show a variant of embodiment.
  • the letters identifying the components of the grouping assembly are the same as the example described above, varying only the arrangement of these components in the grouping Z and the mode of carrying out assembly. The same consideration on the reference signs is valid also for the further examples of variants of embodiments described below.
  • each lateral portion C of the walk floor of the ground storey is composed of two parts, a first part, again indicated with C, hinged about the axes x-x to the sides of the first central portion M of the walk floor of the ground storey, and a part C1 (or C2) of extension of this part C, designed to allow the dimensions of the ground storey to be increased or in any case to compensate differences in width with the other lateral portions of the floors above B and A.
  • grouping configuration Z inside the hollow structure W there are present (starting from the longitudinal vertical centerline plane, the grouping being symmetrical, outward),
  • longitudinal flat modules B1-B2 to be fixed in a cantilevered fashion to the longitudinal side elements of respective lateral portions of the walk floor of the second storey B, and which in practice form longitudinal "balconies" of the building.
  • modules A1-A2 are also present, to be fixed in a cantilever fashion to the longitudinal side elements of respective third lateral portions of the roof floor of the second storey A, and which in practice form the longitudinal "eaves" of the building, for example to form “awnings” for the balconies A1-A2.
  • the modules A1-A2 and B1-B2 are external to the grouping, for example resting on the roof thereof, but in other embodiments all or only some of these modules could be arranged inside the hollow structure W (for example, arranged on top of the extensions C1).
  • the depths of the walls or portions of walls and of the floors is similar.
  • the perimetral or end walls have a depth between 18.65 cm and 20.65 cm (preferably 19.65 cm) and the floors have a depth between 18 cm and 20 cm (preferably 19 cm).
  • the total width of the grouping is between 256 cm and 350 cm (preferably 320 cm) and the height of the grouping is between 314 cm and 384 cm (preferably 354 cm).
  • the total gross surface area of the building is equal to around 173.9 sqm, with the net floor surface equal to around 155.2 sqm.
  • FIG.32 the process for installation of the building, which is varied in relation to the preceding example, is described schematically only with regard to the movements of floors and walls.
  • the compact grouping Z is shown in Fig.32.
  • the upper part of the grouping i.e. the portal structure V (formed by the third central portion of floor O with the third transverse end walls L fixed to the ends thereof) with the third lateral portions of walk floor A of the second storey hinged still in vertical position and oriented downward, is lifted and locked (Fig.33).
  • the respective longitudinal walls of the second storey G1 and G2 are reversibly fixed to the third lateral portions A and therefore are also lifted.
  • the second lateral portions of floor B are lifted upward, rotating them about the axes y-y to the horizontal position and are then locked in this position (Fig.34).
  • transverse lateral end walls D1 , D2, D3 and D4 relating to the lateral portions of floor of the ground storey are then rotated about the respective vertical axes, from the inside of the hollow structure W to the outside by a right angle, to form part of the perimeter of the building (Fig.37).
  • the longitudinal walls G1 and G2 are then separated from the respective third lateral portions of floor A and these latter are lifted upward, rotating them about the axes t-t to the horizontal position and then locked in this position (Fig.38).
  • the portions of transverse lateral end walls E1 , E2, E3 and E4 of the lateral portions of floor of the second storey are then extracted from the hollow structure W and positioned to form part of the perimeter of the building (Fig.39).
  • the longitudinal walls F1-F2 of the ground storey are translated to the outside of the hollow structure W to close it (Fig.40).
  • the longitudinal walls G1 and G2 of the second storey are translated outward to close the perimeter of the building on the second storey (Fig. 41).
  • the covering panels H, H are then attached to the portions of transverse walls I of the lower floor and finally the balconies B1-B2 and the eaves A1-A2 are arranged as described above (Fig.42).
  • Figs.43, 44 and 53 show a third embodiment.
  • the letters identifying the components of the grouping assembly are the same as the examples described above, varying only the arrangement of these components in the grouping Z and the mode of carrying out assembly.
  • the structural casing of the assembly and therefore of the building is formed by a "reticular" or “punctiform” structure (Fig. 53).
  • the frame of the primary structure is formed by sections or beams made of metal (or another material, such as wood) which form the nine flat parts or frames with rectangular shape (the portions of floor M, C, N, B, O, A) which, after reaching the final position, form the walk floors of the ground storey M-C, of the intermediate or second storey N-B and the roof floors O-A.
  • the secondary framework of the flat frames is for example composed of cold press-formed C sections.
  • the structural casing is provided with columns MG1 fixed permanently at the ends thereof to the ends of the frame of the first central portion M of the floor of the ground storey and to the ends of the frame of the second central portion N of the walk floor of the second storey, to form in practice the framework of the transverse walls of the hollow structure W.
  • These columns MG1 define the guides for corresponding uprights MG2 that form the framework of the transverse walls of the portal structure V.
  • These further uprights MG2 are slidingly inserted into the guides MG1 and therefore the frame of the third central portion O of the roof floor of the second storey is permanently anchored to the upper ends thereof.
  • columns CG are used, fixed stably at the base thereof and preferably to the free angles of the flat frames of these lateral portions of floor, as will be better described hereunder.
  • the skeleton of the building is composed of a central body made of steel (the hollow structure W), directly connected to which are the various parts which, by means of pivot, lifting and transaltion systems, complete the extension of the surfaces.
  • the rest of the structure, and therefore the infill panels of the external walls, will be produced, for example, with monolithic insulating panels or multilayer or sandwich panels and therefore have decidedly, lower depths with respect to those of the floors if compared to the preceding examples, wherein all or some of the walls could collaborate in supporting the load above of the floors.
  • the dimensions of the grouping Z are those of a "module” that has the measurements of reference of a 20 foot container with the height of a "high cube” which, once opened on site, reaches a net surface area of around 38.85 sqm, which arranged on two storeysreaches a total net surface area of around 77.70 sqm with a minimum height of around 2.40 m.
  • the total surface area of a single building produced with this assembly corresponds approximately to the surface area of six standard containers.
  • said dimensions are not binding as, according to market demands, modules with different dimensions could be developed.
  • the transverse arrangement of the various walls, floors or portions of walls or floors of the assembly is as follows (as the arrangement is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal centerline plane of the grouping, this arrangement is listed from the inside outward with respect to this centerline and with reference to only one side): portion of transverse lateral end wall D1 (which is hinged vertically to the column MG1), the longitudinal lateral wall F1 relating to the ground storey, the first lateral portion C of the walk floor of the ground storey (the components listed above are inside the hollow structure W), the second lateral portion B of the walk floor of the second storey, the transverse lateral end portion E1 relating to the second lateral portion of the walk floor of the second storey and the longitudinal lateral wall G1.
  • a first operating mode for installation of the building starting from the grouping now described is the following (Figs.46 to 54).
  • First step After placing the grouping Z on the ground and in position, lifting is carried out using a mobile crane, which will hook its cables to the temporary component SL (Figs.46 and 54), which in turn will be anchored to the third central portion of floor O by means of nuts and bolts.
  • the portal structure V After starting lifting, the portal structure V starts its travel maintained in the guide by the sliding coupling of the uprights MG2 in the uprights MG1.
  • two shear pins are inserted in the holes S2 in the uprights MG1 and MG2 to prevent descent thereof and allow locking with final nuts and bolts S1 (it is understood that other locking systems could also be used).
  • brackets SB are mounted, which connect the uprights MG2 to the second central portion of floor N by means of the temporary fixing component (Figs. 46 and 54) SB1 to maintain the portal structure V in perfect vertical and horizontal alignment during unfolding of the elements associated with the hollow structure W.
  • the second step concerns the opening of the second lateral portion B of the walk floor of the second storey, which is hinged to the second central portion of floor N by means of "hinge" along the horizontal axis y-y, which allows rotation thereof to the final horizontal position.
  • the temporary brackets J Located at the two lower ends of the second lateral portion of floor B are the temporary brackets J (Figs. 47 and 54), attached to which is the eyebolt J1 to which the steel cable of the mobile crane is fixed to allow the maneuver.
  • the second lateral portion of floor B is fixed at the two end corners with the steel angle column CG by means of nuts and bolts SG1 , which allows the second lateral portion of floor B to be maintained in position and the mobile crane to be released for the subsequent step.
  • a workman Simultaneously to the fixing of the second lateral portion of floor B, a workman also installs the temporary quick coupling bar DZ (Figs. 47 and 54) fixed to the angle column CG and to the upright MG1 , to maintain this angle column in vertical position.
  • This step consists of fixing the lifting eyebolts J1 to the upper lateral ends of the first lateral portion C of the walk floor of the ground storey.
  • the first lateral portion of the floor C is directly connected to the central portion M of the walk floor of the ground storey by means of hinges, about the axes x-x, which allow downward rotation.
  • the temporary quick coupling bar DZ is removed, as the first lateral portion of the floor C can be fixed finally to the angle columns CG by means of nuts and bolts SG2.
  • the floor of the ground storey and second storey will be in the final position and finally fixed to the steel angle columns CG.
  • This step consists in taking the transverse end D and longitudinal F walls to their final position in order to consolidate and ultimate the structure of the ground storey.
  • the temporary trolleys CR are attached to the lower and upper lateral ends of the two ends of the longitudinal walls F, which allows the walls F to slide until they abut against the steel angle columns CG, preventing these walls F from overturning.
  • the longitudinal walls F are pushed by hand until reaching their fixing position, which takes place by means of nuts and bolts.
  • transverse walls D are anchored directly by means of hinges with vertical axis CNM to the respective uprights MG1 , which will rotate until they abut against the columns CG and against the panel I that fills the transverse wall of the hollow structure W formed by the uprights MG1 , and will be fixed by means of nuts and bolts.
  • the ground storey will be finally completed with the longitudinal F and transverse D walls.
  • the temporary trolleys CR are installed as for the preceding fourth step, to stabilize the longitudinal G and transverse E end walls during movement of the third lateral portions A of the roof floor of the second storey.
  • the lifting eyebolts J1 are anchored to the lower ends of the third lateral portions of floor A.
  • the brackets JT and JC which held the transverse E and longitudinal G walls joined to the third lateral portion of floor A) are removed to allow opening of the portion of floor A.
  • the steel cables of the mobile crane are anchored to the lifting eyebolts J1 , and the third lateral portions of floor A are lifted into the final horizontal position, after which they are fixed to the angle columns CG by means of nuts and bolts SG3.
  • the infill panels L of the transverse walls comprising the uprights MG2 of the second storey are assembled.
  • This is followed by simultaneous translation of the longitudinal and transverse lateral walls G and E (facing one another) of the second storey, which will be pushed toward their final position abutting against the angle column "CG".
  • Said walls G and E are joined to one another along the external side by hinges with axis CNG, which will allow rotation of the second transverse walls E until they abut against the panel L for final fixing thereof.
  • This step concerns the assembling of the finishing covering elements of the horizontal metal structures, the gutter channel GR on the longitudinal sides, and the closing caps of the holes S2 and S4 on the uprights MG1.
  • First step After placing the grouping Z on the ground and in position, lifting is carried out using a mobile crane, which will hook its cables to the component SL, which in turn will be anchored to the third central portion O of roof floor of the second storey by means of nuts and bolts.
  • the portal structure V is maintained in the guide by the sliding coupling of the uprights MG2 MG1 in relation to the transverse end walls of the hollow structure and of the portal structure.
  • the portal structure V is locked by means of shear pins S3 in the holes S4 in the uprights MG1 and MG2 and the lifting eyebolts J1 are then attached to the third lateral portions of floor A to allow rotation thereof.
  • the second step After terminating the first step, the steel cables are released from the elements SL .
  • the second step consists of opening of the third lateral portions of floor A, which are connected to the second central portion N of the walk floor of the second storey by means of a hinge with horizontal axis which allows rotation thereof to the final horizontal position.
  • the third lateral portion of floor A After anchoring the steel cable to the brackets J1 , the third lateral portion of floor A is rotated into horizontal position and anchored to the two temporary pillars PL by means of brackets SP2 and anchored to the element SL by means of the pins SPC, also temporary, to maintain the third lateral portion of floor A in position.
  • This step provides for anchoring the lifting eyebolts J1 to the brackets J, to which the steel cables will be anchored, to allow rotation by the mobile crane of the lateral portion of floor B - longitudinal wall G - transverse end wall E (held together by the bracket JT) assembly into the horizontal position and temporary fixing thereof to the pillar PL by means of brackets SP1. After this maneuver has been carried out the brackets JT are removed.
  • This step provides for taking the first lateral portions C of walk floor of the ground storey to the final position in order to form this floor.
  • the lifting eyebolts J1 are attached laterally to the first lateral portion of floor C, and the steel cable is then hooked to these and they are rotated downward until reaching their position.
  • first lateral portions of floor C are, for example, completed by means of the covering panels CS along the longitudinal hinge axes x-x and y-y (subsequently also affixed on the axes t-t; these covering panels CS are also present in the other examples described), after which the trolleys CR2 and CR are installed for stabilization of the longitudinal walls F during the movement to reach their final position.
  • the transverse end walls D will be rotated by means of vertical hinges CNM anchored on the vertical side elements of the uprights MG1.
  • the upper brackets SP2 and the trolleys CR and CR2 installed previously are removed, and by means of brackets SG the walls G-E are anchored to the third portion of floor A to proceed with the step to lift the portal structure V.
  • the temporary brackets BCR are fixed to the second lateral portion B of the walk floor of the second storey, then the whole floor, formed by the portions A and O, is lifted; by means of the brackets SG and of the trolleys CRG positioned respectively at the top and at the base of the assembly formed by the walls G-E, during lifting of the floor A-O-A, the assemblies of the walls G-E are subjected to rotation and translation (left part of Fig.61) until reaching a vertical position thereof (right part of Fig.61). After reaching the required height, the portal V is anchored finally with final nuts and bolts S1 to the base of the uprights MG2 on the uprights MG1.
  • the panels L fixed on the uprights MG2 are assembled.
  • the walls E are rotated by means of vertical hinges CNG positioned on the vertical side element of the walls G, after which the temporary brackets BCR and the pillars PL are removed.
  • This step provides for assembling the final angle columns CG and the finishing covering elements SF of the horizontal metal structures, the gutter channel GR on the longitudinal sides, and the closing caps TP of the holes S2 and S4 on the uprights MG1. If necessary, pillars Ds and Es can be arranged in association with the walls D and E or with other walls.
  • the assembly consists of the following longitudinal arrangement of components (starting from the longitudinal vertical centerline plane of the grouping, outward; as the grouping is symmetrical, only the components referring to one side of the grouping will be indicated, indicating only the reference letter and not the number, which indicates the corresponding side): - a pair of first transverse lateral end walls D-D relating to the first lateral portions of floor C,
  • Figs.68 and 69 show a fifth embodiment.
  • the letters identifying the components of the grouping assembly are the same as the examples described above, varying only the arrangement of these components in the grouping Z and the mode of carrying out assembly.
  • the assembly consists of the following longitudinal arrangement of components (starting from the longitudinal vertical centerline plane of the grouping, outward; as the grouping is symmetrical, only the components referring to one side of the grouping will be indicated, indicating only the reference letter and not the number, which indicates the corresponding side):

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Abstract

L'ensemble d'éléments préfabriqués entrant dans la réalisation d'un bâtiment préfabriqué à deux niveaux : une structure préfabriquée creuse (W) constituée par des parties de sol du rez-de-chaussée et par le sol au niveau supérieur (M, N), reliées à demeure par des parties de cloisons transversales du rez-de-chaussée ; et un structure de chevêtre préfabriquée (V) formée par une partie centrale (O) du sol de l'étage supérieur, reliée à demeure à deux parties de cloisons transversales (L) de ce même étage, ladite structure de chevêtre (V) étant conçue pour être fixée au sommet de ladite structure (W).
EP11729683A 2010-05-07 2011-05-05 Ensemble d'éléments préfabriqués entrant dans la fabrication d'un bâtiment d'au moins deux niveaux et processus de construction et de montage connexe Withdrawn EP2567037A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ITFI2010A000096A IT1400061B1 (it) 2010-05-07 2010-05-07 "un complesso di elementi prefabbricati per formare un edificio prefabbricato ad almeno due piani e relativi edificio e procedimento di posa in opera"
PCT/IB2011/000958 WO2011138664A2 (fr) 2010-05-07 2011-05-05 Ensemble d'éléments préfabriqués entrant dans la fabrication d'un bâtiment d'au moins deux niveaux et processus de construction et de montage connexe

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WO2011138664A2 (fr) 2011-11-10
WO2011138664A9 (fr) 2012-02-16
WO2011138664A3 (fr) 2012-01-05
IT1400061B1 (it) 2013-05-17
US20130232887A1 (en) 2013-09-12
ITFI20100096A1 (it) 2011-11-08

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