EP2564174B1 - VORRICHTUNG ZUR BESTIMMUNG UND/ODER ÜBERWACHUNG EINER PROZESSGRÖßE EINES MEDIUMS - Google Patents

VORRICHTUNG ZUR BESTIMMUNG UND/ODER ÜBERWACHUNG EINER PROZESSGRÖßE EINES MEDIUMS Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2564174B1
EP2564174B1 EP11710195.6A EP11710195A EP2564174B1 EP 2564174 B1 EP2564174 B1 EP 2564174B1 EP 11710195 A EP11710195 A EP 11710195A EP 2564174 B1 EP2564174 B1 EP 2564174B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frequency
filter
signal
excitation signal
excitation
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EP11710195.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2564174A1 (de
Inventor
Martin Urban
Tobias Brengartner
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Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
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Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
    • G01N11/16—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
    • G01F23/2966—Acoustic waves making use of acoustical resonance or standing waves
    • G01F23/2967—Acoustic waves making use of acoustical resonance or standing waves for discrete levels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
    • G01N29/022—Fluid sensors based on microsensors, e.g. quartz crystal-microbalance [QCM], surface acoustic wave [SAW] devices, tuning forks, cantilevers, flexural plate wave [FPW] devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
    • G01N29/036—Analysing fluids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/002—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02818—Density, viscosity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0427—Flexural waves, plate waves, e.g. Lamb waves, tuning fork, cantilever

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for determining and / or monitoring at least one process variable, esp. A level, density or viscosity of a medium in a container with a mechanically oscillatable structure projecting into the container, the at least one of the process variable has dependent vibration property, an electromechanical transducer, which excites the structure by means of an input side of the transducer supplied excitation signal to mechanical vibrations, and the resulting oscillations of the structure in a vibration reproducing electrical reception signal converts and output on the output side, and an electronics, the one input side the device connected to the transducer for generating the excitation signal comprises, and based on the received signal determines the process size and / or monitors,
  • Such devices are used in a variety of industrial applications, esp. In measurement and control technology and process automation, for the determination and / or monitoring of said process variables.
  • the mechanically oscillatory structure has two oscillating forks coupled via a membrane, which are offset by means of an electromechanical transducer mounted on the rear side of the membrane remote from the oscillating rods in opposite oscillations perpendicular to their longitudinal axis.
  • devices are known whose oscillatory structure only have a vibrating rod or a vibratable membrane.
  • Fig. 1 shows a classic example of a corresponding device, as it is used to monitor a predetermined level of a medium 1 in a container 3.
  • the mechanical oscillatory structure 5 here comprises two oscillating rods coupled via a membrane, which are inserted laterally into the container 3 at the height of the level to be monitored.
  • the structure 5 is, for example via a arranged on the back of the membrane - here only schematically illustrated - electromechanical transducer 7 oscillated by a vibration reproducing the received signal E of the converter 7 via a, a bandpass filter 11, a phase shifter 13 and an amplifier 15th containing feedback path as excitation signal S is fed back to the transducer 7.
  • the transducer 7 forms in conjunction with the oscillatory structure 5 in this case the frequency-determining element of an electrical resonant circuit, which is preferably operated in resonance.
  • a phase shift between the excitation signal S and the received signal E is specified via the phase shifter, in which the resonance condition for the resonant circuit is fulfilled as well as possible.
  • the structure 5 is excited to oscillate at an oscillation frequency f r determined by the phase shift, which lies in the region of the resonance frequency of the structure 5.
  • the received signal E is fed as a useful signal N to a measuring and evaluation unit 17, which determines the oscillation characteristic dependent on the process variable on the basis of the useful signal N, and uses this to determine and / or monitor the process variable.
  • the oscillation frequency f r of the structure 5 which adjusts itself at the given phase shift is measured and compared with a previously determined limit frequency. If the oscillation frequency f r is greater than the limit frequency, the structure 5 oscillates freely. If the oscillation frequency f r lies below the cutoff frequency, then the structure 5 is covered by the medium 1, and the device reports that the predetermined fill level has been exceeded.
  • the degree of coverage and thus the filling level over the length of the structure can be measured on the basis of the oscillation frequency which occurs at the given phase shift.
  • the structure In order to determine and / or monitor the density or viscosity of the medium, the structure is introduced vertically into the medium up to a predetermined immersion depth, and the oscillation frequency resulting from a given phase shift or, in the case of excitation with a fixed excitation frequency, the oscillation amplitude or the phase shift of the Vibration measured against the excitation signal.
  • An alternative form of excitation represents, for example in the DE 100 50 299 A1 described, frequency sweep, in which the frequency of the excitation signal periodically passes through a predetermined frequency range. Again, the process variable is determined and / or monitored, for example, based on the amplitude or the phase shift of the resulting oscillation.
  • a noise suppression is desirable, the noise, for example Mains hum, external vibrations at the site of the device, or parasitic couplings are caused eliminated.
  • the received signal esp. In an excitation by rectangular excitation signals, on excited higher vibration modes to contain leading to noise, which should also be suppressed.
  • the Störsignalunterd Wegung today takes place for example via the filter used in the feedback branch. This raises the problem that the filter on the one hand for the entire useful frequency range of the vibration reproducing the received signal should ensure the most unaltered signal transmission, and on the other hand should suppress as much as possible all noise. While a broadband filter is required for the unadulterated signal transmission, a narrowband filter is required for the noise suppression.
  • phase shifts which are generally strongly dependent on the frequency, result in the excitation via a resonant circuit in such a way that the resonant condition for the resonant circuit, which presupposes a fixed phase reference between the excitation and the received signal, is not met equally for all the oscillation frequencies which adjust as a function of the process variable can be.
  • Trackable bandpass filters in the form of a switched-capacitor filter are characterized among other things by a low power consumption compared to other trackable filters.
  • a Coriolis flow meter has become known, in whose electronics unit a trackable switched-capacitor filter is integrated.
  • a switched-capacitor filter is used for filtering an output signal.
  • the electronics has a second filter arranged between the device for generating the excitation signal and the converter.
  • the second filter is a bandpass filter with adjustable center frequency and the device sets the center frequency of the second filter in operation to the frequency of the excitation signal.
  • the second filter is a switched-capacitor filter which has at least one capacitor connected at a switching frequency, and whose center frequency can be set via the switching frequency.
  • the electronic device (31) for adjusting the center frequency (f 0 ) of the filters (23, 35) is designed to set the switching frequency (f SC ) of the capacitors of the filters (23, 35) to a multiple of the frequency of the filter Set the excitation signal.
  • the excitation signal is a rectangular AC voltage.
  • the frequency of the excitation signal periodically passes through a predetermined frequency range.
  • Fig. 2 shows a circuit diagram of a device according to the invention for determining and / or monitoring at least one process variable, esp. Of a level, a density or a viscosity, a - Fig. 2
  • the device comprises a device 5 projecting into the container 3 during operation - not shown here either - mechanically oscillatable structure 5, which has at least one oscillation property dependent on the process variable.
  • the oscillatory structure 5 is for example the in Fig. 1 illustrated structure 5 with the two coupled via the membrane oscillating rods.
  • a structure with only one vibrating rod or a vibratable membrane can be used.
  • An electromechanical transducer 7 which excites the structure 5 to mechanical vibrations by means of an excitation signal S supplied to the transducer 7 on the input side, and converts the resulting oscillations of the structure 5 into an electrical received signal E representing the oscillation and outputs on the output side.
  • an excitation signal S supplied to the transducer 7 on the input side is particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • the piezoelectric transducers known from the prior art are particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • electromagnetic or magnetostrictive transducers it is also possible to use electromagnetic or magnetostrictive transducers.
  • the device has electronics which comprise a device 19 connected on the input side to the converter 7 for generating the excitation signal S.
  • the device 19 includes a digital signal generator DS, which provides a digital output signal which is converted via a digital-to-analog converter D / A in an analog AC voltage signal, that then as an excitation signal S via an amplifier 21 on the input side of the converter. 7 is applied.
  • the electronics comprises a first output side connected to the converter 7 filter 23 that filters out of the received signal E, a useful signal N, and a measuring and evaluation unit 25 which determines based on the useful signal N dependent on the process variable vibration characteristic, and based this determines and / or monitors the process variable.
  • the device 19 for generating the excitation signal S and the measuring and evaluation device 25 are preferably integral components of an intelligent electronic unit 27, in particular a microcontroller or an ASIC, which outputs the excitation signal S via the integrated digital-to-analog converter D / A, and receives the useful signal N via a likewise integrated analog / digital converter A / D and further processed in digital form.
  • an intelligent electronic unit 27 in particular a microcontroller or an ASIC, which outputs the excitation signal S via the integrated digital-to-analog converter D / A, and receives the useful signal N via a likewise integrated analog / digital converter A / D and further processed in digital form.
  • the electronic unit 27 can be implemented, for example via an integrated controller 29, a variety of excitation and this corresponding measurement and evaluation.
  • the device can be operated via an excitation signal S with a fixedly predetermined constant excitation frequency f S.
  • the structure 5 is excited to forced oscillations of this frequency.
  • the useful signal N has the predetermined frequency of the excitation signal S.
  • the determination of the process variable can be made on the basis of the amplitude of the useful signal N and / or its phase shift over the excitation signal S.
  • the useful frequency f N here corresponds to the excitation frequency f S.
  • the device can be operated in the frequency sweep method by the unit 27 generates an excitation signal S whose frequency f S periodically passes through a predetermined frequency range .DELTA.f S.
  • the structure 5 executes forced oscillations whose frequency follows the periodically varying frequency f S of the excitation signal S.
  • the useful frequency f N of the useful signal N follows the periodically varying frequency f S of the excitation signal S.
  • the process variable can be determined based on the amplitude of the useful signal N and / or its phase shift over the excitation signal S over the entire useful frequency range ⁇ f N.
  • the useful frequency range ⁇ f N here corresponds to the frequency range ⁇ f S predetermined for the excitation signal S.
  • FIG. 1 Another operating form is the continuous excitation of oscillations with an oscillation frequency f r occurring at a given phase shift.
  • the in Fig. 1 illustrated analog feedback path in the unit 29 in digital form by an excitation signal S is generated that has the frequency f N of the incoming useful signal N, and is displaced to fulfill the resonance condition of the electrical resonant circuit to the useful signal N by a predetermined phase difference.
  • the structure 5 carries out vibrations with its oscillation frequency f r after a short settling time. Accordingly, both the frequency f of the excitation signal S S, as well as the useful frequency f N of the wanted signal N is equal to the resonant frequency f r.
  • the useful frequency range .DELTA.f N corresponds here to the Frequency range swept by the oscillation frequency f r as a function of the process variable.
  • the determination of the process variable takes place here, for example, by means of a measurement of the oscillation frequency f r .
  • the first filter 23 is a bandpass filter with adjustable center frequency f 0 and the electronics comprises a device 31 for adjusting the center frequency f 0 of the filter 23, which adjusts the center frequency f 0 in operation to the frequency f S of the excitation signal S.
  • the filter 23 thus always has an optimally matched to the excitation signal S center frequency f 0 .
  • the current frequency f S of the excitation signal S is, as has already been shown above based on the different modes, regardless of the mode of operation of the device also equal to the current useful frequency f N of the useful signal N.
  • the filter 23 is thus optimally adapted to the useful signal N and at any time ensures a largely unaltered signal transmission of the useful signal N. Insb. causes the filter 23 due to its for all useful frequencies f N equally optimal adaptation of the center frequency f 0 no frequency-dependent and thus variable phase shifts. This phase-faithful and unadulterated signal transmission of the useful signal N is still ensured even if the useful frequencies f N occurring during operation cover an extremely large useful frequency range ⁇ f N.
  • the filter 23 is a switched-capacitor filter which has at least one capacitor connected at a switching frequency f sc and whose center frequency f 0 can be set via the switching frequency f sc .
  • the device 31 which adjusts the center frequency f 0 of the filter 23 during operation to the frequency f S of the excitation signal S , in this case generates or regulates the switching frequency f sc of the switched-capacitor filter as a function of the instantaneous frequency f S of the excitation signal S.
  • the switching frequency f sc is preferably used a frequency which is a predetermined multiple of the frequency f s of the excitation signal S.
  • the device 31 for setting the center frequency f 0 comprises, for example, a frequency multiplier 33, in particular a phase locked loop (PLL), to whose input the excitation signal S is present.
  • PLL phase locked loop
  • the frequency multiplier 33 generates an output signal whose frequency is a multiple of the frequency f S of the excitation signal S, and provides a corresponding output signal as a control signal for adjusting the switching frequency f sc of the filter available, which is applied to a corresponding control input of the filter 23.
  • a switching frequency f sc is preferably set which is greater by a large multiple, for example a factor 100, than the center frequency f 0 to be set .
  • Frequency multipliers 33 are preferably used in devices according to the invention whose mechanically oscillatable structures 5, execute vibrations with relatively high frequencies.
  • An example of this are the above-mentioned membrane oscillators whose membrane typically perform vibrations with frequencies in the range of 15 kHz to 30 kHz.
  • the device 31 for adjusting the center frequency f 0 can be embodied as an integral part of the electronic unit 27 in conjunction with oscillatable structures 5 which perform vibrations at lower frequencies.
  • these are the oscillatory structures 5 mentioned at the beginning, which have one or two oscillating bars, and typically oscillate at frequencies in the range from 300 Hz to 1200 Hz.
  • the control signal can be generated in the electronic unit 27, and the excitation signal S can be derived from this control signal by down-division. Due to the low frequencies, the electronic unit 27 is able to set the high switching frequencies f sc desired for achieving a high filter characteristic and quality, without requiring extremely high clock rates of the unit 27, which would lead to a high energy consumption of the unit 27 ,
  • the electronics additionally comprise a second filter 35 which is arranged between the device 19 for generating the excitation signal S and the converter 7 and which, especially when excited with rectangular excitation signals S, serves to condition the excitation signal S.
  • the filter 35 filters out an approximately monochromatic signal from the excitation signal S, which may contain higher-frequency components, which is then fed to the converter 7 for exciting the oscillation of the oscillatable structure 5.
  • the excitation of higher vibration modes as occurs esp.
  • unfiltered rectangular excitation signals S avoided.
  • Rectangular excitation signals S have the advantage that they can be generated by the electronic unit 29 by using significantly less computing power than is the case, for example, in the digital generation of sinusoidal excitation signals. Via the second filter 35, it is possible to use rectangular excitation signals S, without thereby causing a deterioration of the signal quality with respect to the vibration excitation via the transducer 7.
  • the second filter 35 is also a bandpass filter with adjustable center frequency f 0 .
  • the center frequency f 0 of this second filter 35 is set to the frequency f S of the excitation signal S during operation by means of the device 31 for setting the center frequency f 0 .
  • the second filter 35 is preferably identical to the first filter 23, and is controlled in parallel with the first filter 23 via the device 31. Esp.
  • a switched-capacitor band-pass filter is preferably used whose center frequency f 0 is set via the switching frequency f sc at which its capacitors are switched, wherein the switching frequency f sc is again a multiple of the frequency of the excitation signal S s.
EP11710195.6A 2010-04-28 2011-03-24 VORRICHTUNG ZUR BESTIMMUNG UND/ODER ÜBERWACHUNG EINER PROZESSGRÖßE EINES MEDIUMS Active EP2564174B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010028303A DE102010028303A1 (de) 2010-04-28 2010-04-28 Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung einer Prozessgröße eines Mediums
PCT/EP2011/054522 WO2011134723A1 (de) 2010-04-28 2011-03-24 VORRICHTUNG ZUR BESTIMMUNG UND/ODER ÜBERWACHUNG EINER PROZESSGRÖßE EINES MEDIUMS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2564174A1 EP2564174A1 (de) 2013-03-06
EP2564174B1 true EP2564174B1 (de) 2016-05-11

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EP11710195.6A Active EP2564174B1 (de) 2010-04-28 2011-03-24 VORRICHTUNG ZUR BESTIMMUNG UND/ODER ÜBERWACHUNG EINER PROZESSGRÖßE EINES MEDIUMS

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20130036816A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2564174B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN102869960A (zh)
DE (1) DE102010028303A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2011134723A1 (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011078060A1 (de) * 2011-06-24 2012-12-27 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung oder Überwachung des Füllstandes eines Füllguts in einem Behälter
DE102012102589A1 (de) * 2012-03-26 2013-09-26 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines vorbestimmten Füllstands
DE102014113081A1 (de) * 2014-09-11 2016-03-17 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Kalibrierung eines elektromechanischen Füllstandsmessgeräts
DE102014114943B3 (de) * 2014-10-15 2015-07-16 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Vibronischer Sensor
DE102014119061A1 (de) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Vibronischer Sensor
DE102016111134A1 (de) * 2016-06-17 2017-12-21 Endress+Hauser Gmbh+Co. Kg Vibronischer Sensor
DE102019203753B3 (de) * 2019-03-19 2020-09-03 Vega Grieshaber Kg Detektion von Oberflächenwellen mittels eines Grenzstandsensors
US20200378815A1 (en) * 2019-05-30 2020-12-03 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Solid level measurement with vibrating rod sensors
CN113720421B (zh) * 2021-09-22 2023-09-22 北京锐达仪表有限公司 振动波分层界面测量装置及测量方法
CN114062192A (zh) * 2021-11-11 2022-02-18 四川泛华航空仪表电器有限公司 一种选频增益的变换电路及其工作方法

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US5533381A (en) * 1994-06-10 1996-07-09 Seale; Joseph B. Conversion of liquid volume, density, and viscosity to frequency signals
EP0698783A1 (de) * 1994-08-16 1996-02-28 Endress + Hauser Flowtec AG Auswerte-Elektronik eines Coriolis-Massedurchflussaufnehmers
JP3058074B2 (ja) * 1995-08-29 2000-07-04 富士電機株式会社 振動型測定器
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US6301973B1 (en) * 1999-04-30 2001-10-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Non-intrusive pressure/multipurpose sensor and method
DE10050299A1 (de) 2000-10-10 2002-04-11 Endress Hauser Gmbh Co Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung der Viskosität eines Mediums in einem Behälter
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DE10161071A1 (de) * 2001-12-12 2003-06-18 Endress & Hauser Gmbh & Co Kg Feldgeräteelektronik mit einer Sensoreinheit für die Prozessmesstechnik
DE10203461A1 (de) * 2002-01-28 2003-08-14 Grieshaber Vega Kg Schwingungsgrenzstandsensor

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CN102869960A (zh) 2013-01-09
EP2564174A1 (de) 2013-03-06
US20130036816A1 (en) 2013-02-14
DE102010028303A1 (de) 2011-12-01
WO2011134723A1 (de) 2011-11-03

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