EP2564120B1 - Crematorium incinerator - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a cremation furnace.

State of the art

Crematory ovens are already known from the prior art. They consist essentially of a combustion chamber with a ceiling, a wall and a bottom for supporting the cremation object, a heat supply device for heating the combustion chamber and a combustion air supply and an exhaust gas outlet.

Crematory ovens are also known which have a combustion chamber with two combustion chamber sections, wherein in the first combustion chamber section pre-combustion of the cremation object and in the second combustion chamber section post-combustion of combustion residues from the first combustion chamber section. In this case, the combustion residues remaining in the first combustion chamber section in a first combustion phase are supplied to the second combustion chamber section manually or via a discharge device, the waste heat resulting from the combustion of a further cremation object in the first combustion section being utilized for post combustion of the combustion residues in the second combustion chamber section.

Furthermore, by the DE 601 06 043 T2 a rotating combustion system with an exhaust gas recirculation known in the parts of the exhaust gas at the central exhaust gas outlet be derived and fed through the central combustion air supply again the combustion process. In addition, from the DE 196 52 967 G1 a Krematoriumsofen according to the preamble of claim 1 known.

A disadvantage of the solutions known from the prior art is that the Krematoriumsöfen have a low efficiency, so that a high energy input through the heat supply device is necessary during combustion and therefore there is a high fuel consumption. Furthermore, the duration of combustion is very long, as it is determined by the heavy or slow burning parts of the cremation article.

Presentation of the invention

This is where the invention starts. The invention, as characterized in the claims, the object is to provide a Krematoriumsofen that allows energy-efficient and rapid combustion of cremation articles.

This object is achieved by the Krematoriumsofen according to claim 1. Further advantageous details, aspects and embodiments of the present invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description, the examples and the drawings.

The present invention provides a crematory furnace comprising at least one combustion chamber having a ceiling, a wall and a floor for supporting the cremation article, a heat supply device, a combustion air supply and an exhaust gas outlet. At least one combustion air supply passage and at least one exhaust gas recirculation passage are provided inside the ceiling and / or the wall and / or the bottom of the combustion chamber, the exhaust gas recirculation passage having an inlet and an outlet in the ceiling and / or the wall and / or in the floor. In the ceiling and / or the wall and / or in the bottom of the combustion chamber, the at least one combustion air supply duct opens in the at least one exhaust gas recirculation passage, so that a suction effect of the combustion air supply is caused in the combustion chamber with supplied combustion air. As a result, at least part of the exhaust gas produced in the combustion process is sucked into the inlet of the exhaust gas recirculation channel and expelled through the outlet of the exhaust gas recirculation channel into the combustion chamber and thus fed back to the combustion process.

The exhaust gas recirculation according to the invention causes, on the one hand, a return of the thermal energy contained in the exhaust gas and, on the other hand, an after-combustion of components which are not completely burned or are still combustible in the exhaust gas. There is a mixing of the recirculated in the exhaust gas recirculation exhaust gas with the combustion air and thus preheating the combustion air. Further preheating of the combustion air is effected by arranging the exhaust gas recirculation passage and the combustion air supply passage in the ceiling and / or the wall and / or the bottom of the combustion chamber. When operating the crematorium, these parts have a very high temperature, whereby the temperature of the combustion gas is significantly increased. At sufficiently high temperatures, the gas mixture ignites, so that a flame is emitted at the outlet of the exhaust gas recirculation channel.

The exhaust gas recirculation according to the invention significantly increases the efficiency of the crematorium furnace. The energy demand of a crematorium oven can be reduced by 80% or more. Whereas conventional cremation ovens require about 30 to 35 m ^{3 of} natural gas for combustion of a cremation article, an inventive cremation furnace comes with 6 to 7 m ³ , in extreme cases even 3 to 5 m ^{3 of} natural gas.

The combustion air supply ducts may be routed in any turns within the ceiling and / or the wall and / or the bottom of the combustion chamber. The longer the path of the combustion air supply channels and thus the duration of the supplied combustion air is extended, the more heat energy is from the combustion air on its way through the strong heated parts of the combustion chamber added. The preheating of the combustion air leads to a more complete combustion of the cremation object.

Particularly preferred are a plurality of exhaust gas recirculation channels and / or a plurality of combustion air supply channels are provided, which are preferably arranged locally evenly distributed along the Einäscherungsgegenstandes. As a result, a targeted, locally distributed exhaust gas recirculation and an improvement in the combustion of hardly combustible and / or slowly burning points of the cremation object can take place.

In addition, turbulence in the combustion space, in particular when multiple exhaust gas recirculation passages are used due to the gas flowing in from different directions into the combustion space, results in further improved combustion.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one combustion air supply duct opens into a plurality of exhaust gas recirculation channels. Due to the already mentioned mixing of the exhaust gas recirculated in the exhaust gas recirculation exhaust gas with the combustion air and taking place at sufficiently high temperatures ignition of the gas mixture at the outlet of the exhaust gas recirculation channel a flame outlet causes the suitably selected arrangement of the outlets of the exhaust gas recirculation channels directly to the cremation object, in particular to hard flammable or slowly burning areas of the cremation article can be directed.

In a preferred embodiment, all combustion air supply ducts are connected to a central combustion air supply. By means of this central combustion air supply, pressurized combustion air, for example, supplied by a fan to the combustion air supply ducts, thereby generating a suction effect in the exhaust gas recirculation ducts connected to the combustion air supply ducts. The central supply of the combustion air supply ducts with combustion air, a simpler construction of the crematorium furnace is achieved.

The exhaust gas recirculation channels have an inlet and an outlet in the ceiling and / or in the wall and / or in the bottom of the combustion chamber. According to a preferred embodiment, the inlet of an exhaust gas recirculation passage arranged in the wall is arranged above the outlet. This arrangement causes exhaust gases generated in the combustion process of the cremation article to be sucked in at the top of the combustion chamber or combustion chamber sections at the inlet of the exhaust gas recirculation channel and ejected at the lower portion of the cremation article which burns more slowly, preferably already ignited, so that the heavily combustible region of the cremation article the highest possible heat impact and thus an efficient and time-reduced combustion takes place.

In another preferred embodiment, the combustion chamber includes first and second combustion chamber portions, wherein the first combustion chamber portion is configured for pre-combustion of the cremation article and the second combustion chamber portion for post-combustion of the combustion residues or mineralization of the ash from the first combustion chamber portion. As a result, a further increase in efficiency is achieved, since the heat generated during a further combustion process in the first combustion chamber section can be used for afterburning in the second combustion chamber section.

In a further preferred embodiment, the bottom effects an at least partial division of the combustion chamber into a first and a second combustion chamber section, the withdrawal of the combustion gases arising in the first combustion chamber section taking place via the second combustion chamber section and the central exhaust gas outlet connected thereto. The bottom is in this case traversed by at least one exhaust gas recirculation passage in such a way that a continuous connection between the first and second combustion chamber section is produced by the exhaust gas recirculation passage. Through the exhaust gas recirculation channels in the bottom is achieved that exhaust gases of the second combustion chamber portion in the first combustion chamber section recycled and fed by mixing with combustion air preferably ignited the underside of the cremation object, so that a bottom-side combustion thereof takes place.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the floor has a plurality of elevations, which are formed to the spaced-apart support of the cremation object. Preferably, the elevations are each provided adjacent to the outlets of the exhaust gas recirculation channels. As a result, the gases mixed with the combustion air, preferably already ignited, can flow around the underside of the cremation object or the flames emerging at the outlets of the exhaust recirculation channels can flare the underside of the cremation object, so that especially these slow-burning areas experience accelerated combustion due to the increased heat.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

beispielhaft ein erfindungsgemäßer Krematoriumsofen in einer schematischen seitlichen Schnittdarstellung;

Fig. 2

beispielhaft eine Teilschnittdarstellung durch die Wandung des Krematoriumsofens aus Fig. 1 entlang der Linie A - A.

Fig. 3

beispielhaft eine Teilschnittdarstellung durch den Boden des Krematoriumsofens aus Fig. 1.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. It is expressly understood, however, that the invention should not be limited to the examples given. Show it

Fig. 1

by way of example, a cremation furnace according to the invention in a schematic side sectional view;

Fig. 2

for example, a partial sectional view through the wall of the crematorium furnace Fig. 1 along the line A - A.

Fig. 3

by way of example a partial sectional view through the bottom of the crematorium furnace Fig. 1 ,

Ways to carry out the invention

In Fig. 1 is denoted by the reference numeral 1 an inventive Krematoriumsofen. Dashed lines indicate that the corresponding object is not in the illustrated section plane, but is located in the wall or in the bottom of the crematorium furnace. The cremation furnace 1 has, in a manner known per se, a combustion chamber 2, which is enclosed on the outer peripheral side by a wall 2.1. The wall 2.1 is formed in the embodiment shown multi-layered by an outer, formed by a housing 2.2 layer and a second, inside fitting, an insulation 2.3 forming layer. On the housing 2.2 of the crematorium furnace 1, a heat supply device 4 is provided which supplies thermal energy to the combustion chamber 2. The heat supply device 4 is in particular a burner, for example a gas or oil burner.

In order to enable a combustion process within the combustion chamber, the cremation furnace 1 further comprises a combustion air supply 5 and an exhaust gas outlet 6. About the combustion air supply 5 combustion air is supplied with overpressure of the combustion chamber 2, for example by a fan combustion. The combustion air may be fresh air, oxygen-enriched fresh air or pure oxygen. The resulting during combustion exhaust gases are discharged via the exhaust gas outlet 6 from the combustion chamber 2 and a chimney preferably with a flue gas cleaning system. Furthermore, a ceiling (not shown) and a floor 3 are provided within the combustion chamber 2, on which the cremation object is placed for combustion.

According to the invention, at least one combustion air supply duct 7 and at least one exhaust gas recirculation duct 8 are provided in the ceiling and / or in the wall 2.1 and / or in the bottom 3 of the combustion chamber 2, these ducts 7, 8 being connected to one another in such a way that due to the suction effect of the combustion air supply into the combustion chamber 2 at least part of the exhaust gas produced by the combustion is supplied to the combustion process via the exhaust gas recirculation passage 8 again.

In the embodiment shown, a branched network of combustion air supply ducts 7 is provided in the wall 2.1 of the combustion chamber 2 and in the bottom 3. The combustion air supply ducts 7 are in this case all connected to the central combustion air supply 5, so that over this combustion air supply 5, for example, by a fan pressurized combustion air is distributed into the combustion air supply ducts 7.

Furthermore, exhaust gas recirculation channels 8, each having an inlet 8.1 and an outlet 8.2, are provided within the wall 2.1 of the combustion chamber 2 and in the bottom 3. The exhaust gas recirculation channels 8 within the wall 2.1 of the combustion chamber 2 preferably run parallel to the vertical axis HA of the crematorium furnace 1 and may be formed in the insulation 2.3 and / or in the housing 2.2 or formed by arranged within the combustion chamber 2 tubular elements. The exhaust gas recirculation channels 8 in the bottom 3 extend in the embodiment shown obliquely at an acute angle to the vertical axis HA and preferably penetrate the bottom 3 completely. The exhaust gas recirculation channels 8 are preferably arranged distributed locally along the transverse axis QA of the combustion chamber 2.

In order to generate a suction effect within the exhaust gas recirculation channels 8, the combustion air supply duct 7 or branches from this combustion air supply duct 7 are connected to the individual exhaust gas recirculation ducts 8 in such a way that the exhaust gas produced by the combustion is sucked into the inlet 8.1 and led out through the outlet 8.2 due to the suction effect becomes.

In a preferred embodiment, a combustion air supply duct 7 or a branch from this combustion air supply duct 7 opens into a plurality of exhaust gas recirculation ducts 8. This results in the exhaust gas recirculation channels 8 mixing the sucked exhaust gas with freshly supplied Combustion air and after the ignition of the gas mixture afterburning.

Particularly preferably, the bottom 3 is arranged inside the combustion chamber 2 such that the combustion chamber 2 is subdivided into a first and a second combustion chamber section 2a, 2b. In this case, the first combustion chamber section 2a is preferably arranged above the second combustion chamber section 2b with respect to the vertical axis HA of the crematorium furnace 1. Through the bottom 3, the combustion chamber 2 is only partially or partially divided into the two combustion chamber sections 2a, 2b, so that the resulting in the first combustion chamber section 2a exhaust gas, as in FIG. 1 indicated by the arrow 10, escapes via the second combustion chamber section 2b and the exhaust gas outlet 6 provided there.

The introduction of the cremation article takes place in the first combustion chamber section 2a, in such a way that it is at least partially placed after a heating phase of the crematorium furnace 1 by energy input from the heat supply device 4 to the bottom 3. Preferably, the cremation object is not completely located on the bottom 3, but is held by elevations 9 spaced from the bottom 3. Subsequently, in a first combustion phase, the combustion of the cremation object takes place in the first combustion chamber section 2a. The remaining after the first combustion phase, not completely burned remains of Einäscherungsgegenstandes be supplied to the second combustion chamber section 2b for afterburning in a second combustion phase, so that after this second combustion phase, a complete cremation of the cremation object has occurred.

FIG. 2 shows a combustion recirculation channel 8 introduced into the wall 2.1 of the combustion chamber 2 with a combustion air supply channel 7 opening therein. The exhaust gas recirculation channel 8 has an inlet 8.1 and an outlet 8.2, the inlet 8.1 being provided above the outlet 8.2. Both the exhaust gas recirculation passage 8 and the combustion air supply passage 7 run in the embodiment shown within the insulation 2.3.

The exhaust gas recirculation channel 8 further consists essentially of three approximately rectilinear channel sections 8.3, 8.4 and 8.5, the first channel section 8.3 approximately perpendicular to the second channel section 8.4 and the second channel section 8.4 approximately perpendicular to the third channel section 8.5. The first and third channel sections 8.3, 8.5 extend parallel at a distance and form the inlet 8.1 or the outlet 8.2 on the free end side. The first to third channel sections 8.3, 8.4 and 8.5 are connected via arcuate channel connection sections to a continuous exhaust gas recirculation channel 8. In the arcuate passage connecting portion between the second 8.4 and third passage section 8.5, the combustion air supply passage 7 or a branch from a combustion air supply passage 7 opens in the exhaust gas recirculation passage 8.

By supplying combustion air under pressure from the combustion air supply channel 7 in the direction of the outlet 8.2, a suction effect is generated in the first and second channel sections 8.3, 8.4 of the exhaust gas recirculation channel 8. As a result, as indicated by the arrow 11, an exhaust gas already formed by combustion through the inlet 8.1 in the exhaust gas recirculation passage 8. At the discharge point of the exhaust gas recirculation passage 8 with the combustion air supply duct 7 is a mixture of the sucked exhaust gas with fresh combustion air, so that at the temperature prevailing in the combustion chamber 2 ignition of the gas mixture already takes place in the third channel section 8.5 of the exhaust gas recirculation channel 8, so that at the outlet 8.2 a flame occurs. With regard to the cremation object, the outlets 8.2 are preferably oriented such that the flames exiting at the outlets 8.2 act directly on the cremation object.

FIG. 3 The bottom 3, which at least partially separates the first combustion chamber section 2a from the second combustion chamber section 2b, is traversed transversely by at least one exhaust gas recirculation passage 8, which underside an inlet 8.1 and the upper side has an outlet 8.2. In the area of the outlet 8.2, the bottom 3 has an elevation 9, which is formed tongue-shaped in the embodiment shown. The tongue-shaped elevation 9 is in this case designed such that the outlet 8.2 is covered on the top side by the elevation 9. This effectively prevents the passage of combustion residues from the first combustion chamber portion 2a into the second combustion chamber portion 2b.

Inside the bottom 3, there is further provided a combustion air supply passage 7 or a branch from a combustion air supply passage 7, which opens into the exhaust gas recirculation passage 8. By supplying pressurized combustion air in the combustion air supply passage 7, a suction effect is generated at the inlet 8.1 of the exhaust gas recirculation passage 8, causing exhaust gas recirculation from the second combustion chamber portion 2b into the first combustion chamber portion 2a. In the combustion channel 8 freshly supplied combustion air is in this case mixed with the recirculated exhaust gas of the second combustion chamber section 2b and ignited at sufficiently high temperature within the combustion chamber 2, so that a flame formation in the exhaust gas recirculation passage 8 and in particular at the outlet 8.2. The flames emerging at the outlet 8.2 burn around the cremation object on the underside and lead to an improved combustion of the same at the places where the corpse rests on the coffin floor. This effect is decisively favored by the spaced support of the cremation article at the bottom 3 by the elevations 9.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

cremator

2

combustion chamber

2a

first combustion chamber section

2 B

second combustion chamber section

2.1

wall

2.2

casing

2.3

insulation

3

ground

4

Heat input device

5

Combustion air supply

6

exhaust outlet

7

Combustion air supply duct

8th

Exhaust gas recirculation passage

8.1

inlet

8.2

outlet

8.3

first channel section

8.4

second channel section

8.5

third channel section

9

survey

HA

vertical axis

QA

transverse axis

Claims (8)

1. Crematorium oven (1) comprising at least one combustion chamber (2) with a ceiling, wall (2.1) and base (3) on which to place the object to be cremated, a heat supply system (4), a combustion air supply (5) and a flue gas outlet (6), wherein within the ceiling and/or the wall (2.1) and/or the base (3) of the combustion chamber (2) at least one combustion air supply channel (7) and at least one flue gas return channel (8) are provided,
   characterized in that
   the flue gas return channel (8) in the ceiling and/or the wall (2.1) and/or the base (3) has an inlet (8.1) and an outlet (8.2)
   wherein in the ceiling and/or wall (2.1) and/or in the base (3) of the combustion chamber (2) the at least one combustion air supply channel (7) opens into the at least one flue gas return channel (8), so that with the supplied combustion air a suction effect of the combustion air supply into the combustion chamber (2) is brought about,
   wherein at least part of the flue gas produced during the combustion process is sucked into the inlet (8.1) of the flue gas return channel (8) and emitted through the outlet (8.2) of the flue gas return channel (8) into the combustion chamber (2) and is thereby supplied to the combustion process again.
2. Crematorium oven according to claim 1 characterised in that at least one combustion air supply channel (7) opens into several flue gas return channels (8).
3. Crematorium oven according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the inlet (8.1) of the at least one flue gas return channel (8) is arranged in the wall (2.1) of the combustion chamber above the outlet (8.2) of the at least one flue gas return channel (8).
4. Crematorium oven according to at least one of the preceding claims characterised in that the combustion chamber (2) has a first and a second combustion chamber section (2a, 2b) wherein the first combustion chamber section (2a) is designed for the pre-combustion of the object to be cremated and the second combustion chamber section (2b) is designed for the postcombustion of the ashes and/or the cremated remains from the first combustion chamber section (2a).
5. Crematorium oven according to claim 4 characterised in that the base (3) brings about at least partial separation of the first combustion chamber section (2a) from the second combustion chamber section (2b).
6. Crematorium oven according to claim 4 or 5 characterised in that by way of at least one flue gas return channel (8) in the base (3) a connection between the first and the second combustion chamber section (2a, 2b) is produced.
7. Crematorium oven according to claim 6 characterised in that the base (3) has several elevations (9) for positioning the object to be cremated at a distance from the base (3).
8. Crematorium oven according to any one of claims 4 to 7 characterised in that the flue gas outlet (6) is connected to the second combustion chamber section (2b).

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