EP2561521A1 - Improved coil capable of generating an intense magnetic field and method for manufacturing said coil - Google Patents

Improved coil capable of generating an intense magnetic field and method for manufacturing said coil

Info

Publication number
EP2561521A1
EP2561521A1 EP11714783A EP11714783A EP2561521A1 EP 2561521 A1 EP2561521 A1 EP 2561521A1 EP 11714783 A EP11714783 A EP 11714783A EP 11714783 A EP11714783 A EP 11714783A EP 2561521 A1 EP2561521 A1 EP 2561521A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
recess
coil
recesses
turn
turns
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11714783A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2561521B1 (en
Inventor
François DEBRAY
Jean Dumas
Rolf Pfister
Christophe Trophime
Jean-Marc Tudela
Nadine Vidal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS filed Critical Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Publication of EP2561521A1 publication Critical patent/EP2561521A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2561521B1 publication Critical patent/EP2561521B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/20—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets without armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/20—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets without armatures
    • H01F7/202—Electromagnets for high magnetic field strength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F5/00—Coils
    • H01F5/02—Coils wound on non-magnetic supports, e.g. formers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/04—Cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a coil adapted to generate a magnetic field particularly suitable for the generation of intense magnetic fields and / or for withstanding significant mechanical forces and a method of manufacturing said coil.
  • magnets consisting of one or more coils crossed by an intense electric current, said coils being cooled.
  • the said coils may consist of cylindrical tubes obtained in a conductive or superconductive material and cut along a generally helical cut line, with a constant pitch or not, to form turns.
  • NMR machines usually have a tunnel-like structure with a central space reserved for the patient and an annular structure which integrates on the one hand means for creating in the central observation space a homogeneous and intense main magnetic field and on the other hand radiofrequency excitation means and radiofrequency signal processing reemitted by the body of the patient placed in the central observation space, in response to the excitation sequences.
  • these machines also comprise so-called gradient coils for superimposing on the intense homogeneous field additional magnetic fields the value of which depends on the spatial coordinates of their place of application.
  • US 2,592,802 discloses an induction coil consisting of a tube obtained in a conductive material and cut along several generally helical lines to form turns which are separated by a vertical portion ensuring a separation between the turns. Said separation part is cut to form a pair of spacing members on either side of a cylindrical hole in which is advantageously inserted a rod obtained in an insulating material, this rod serving as a spacer to avoid any contact between the turns.
  • the document EP 0146494 describes an induction coil consisting of incomplete annular cuts made in a cylindrical tube, said incomplete annular cuts being connected by two vertical cuts. This type of induction coil is intended to allow the displacement of the spacers in the nuclear reactors and is not intended to receive high intensity currents for the formation of intense fields.
  • US 3,466,743 discloses a coil consisting of a tube obtained in a conductive material and cut along a generally helical line to form turns, said turns passing through holes initially made along the tube, the line of cut and / or the holes are filled with an insulating material to prevent deformation when the coil is traversed by currents of very high intensities, but also to maintain a separation between the turns.
  • an insulating spacer is positioned at a hole, the spacer has larger dimensions than the hole to completely fill the hole and to separate the adjacent turns.
  • the magnetic field gradient coils or generating an intense magnetic field are subjected to intense electromagnetic forces that induce mechanical forces leading to a deformation of the turns of the coil.
  • the deformation of the turns can induce a lack of reliability of the machine and / or an inhomogeneity of the detrimental magnetic field for the realization of good quality imaging.
  • Such a configuration is advantageous in that it makes it possible to recover the mechanical forces induced by the electromagnetic forces and the mechanical forces of thermal origin.
  • the coil structure can be permanently cooled, in particular by the circulation of a cooling fluid, preferably a cryogenic fluid (nitrogen-based, for example). helium or hydrogen for example).
  • a cooling fluid preferably a cryogenic fluid (nitrogen-based, for example). helium or hydrogen for example).
  • This cooling must also be as homogeneous as possible in the structure. Such cooling is particularly useful to compensate for the thermal increase experienced by the structure in case of transit or resistive transition ("quench" in English).
  • One of the aims of the invention is therefore to overcome all these drawbacks by proposing a coil or a set of coils suitable for generating an intense magnetic field, in particular for forming superconducting magnets, and a method for manufacturing said coil of simple design and inexpensive.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a coil or a set of coils adapted to be thermally controlled and simple to manufacture, and preferably providing a recovery of the mechanical forces induced on the coils of the coils by the electromagnetic forces and / or mechanical forces of thermal origin.
  • a method of manufacturing a coil capable of generating a magnetic field said intense field when it is crossed by an electric current comprising a step of forming turns in a tube obtained in a conductive and / or superconducting material characterized in that it comprises at least one step of forming at least one recess in an edge of at least one turn of said coil, said recess forming a passage between the interior and the outside of the tube.
  • said recess is provided in the ridge so that it forms with the insulating material a passage between the inside and the outside of the tube when the coil is constrained.
  • the step of forming at least one recess comprises forming at least one first recess in an edge of at least one turn of said coil and at least one second recess in an edge of an adjacent turn so that the first recess faces the second recess, the first and second recesses in the adjacent turns forming the passage between the inside and the outside of the tube.
  • the method further comprises the formation of at least one boss on the turn comprising the first recess and the formation of at least one recess on the turn comprising the second recess so that the boss extends to the right of said recess; hollow, to take up the mechanical forces induced by the electromagnetic forces and the mechanical forces of thermal origin.
  • the first recess is formed in the edge of the turn at the boss-shaped profile and the second recess is formed in the edge of the turn at the hollow-shaped profile.
  • the method comprises a prior step of optimizing the boss or bosses and corresponding hollow or recesses, and recesses.
  • the optimization step consists at least in the following steps of:
  • the turns, bosses and corresponding recesses, and the recesses are formed by cutting a cylindrical tube along a generally helical cut line.
  • a coil adapted to generate a magnetic field said intense field when it is crossed by an electric current, said coil comprising at least a tube or a set of tubes obtained in a conductive material and / or superconductor and cut along a cutting line to form turns, characterized in that at least one turn comprises at least one recess formed in an edge of said turn, said recess forming a passage between the inside and the outside of the tube.
  • the coil comprises an insulating material at least partially filling the cutting line, the recess being formed in an edge of a turn facing said insulating material, said recess forming with the insulating material a passage between the inside and the outside. outside the tube when the coil is constrained.
  • At least one turn comprises at least one first recess formed in one edge of said turn and facing a second recess formed in an edge of an adjacent turn, the first and second recesses formed in the adjacent turns forming the passage between the inside and outside the tube.
  • the turn comprising the first recess further comprises at least one boss extending in line with a recess of corresponding shape formed in the adjacent turn comprising the second recess, the first and second recesses being formed in the edge of the corresponding turns. at the level of the boss-shaped profile and hollow respectively.
  • the adjacent bosses of a turn are angularly offset.
  • the coil comprises a plurality of bosses and recesses whose concavity is oriented in the same direction.
  • the coil has a plurality of bosses and recesses and in that the concavity of at least one boss has an orientation opposite to the orientation of the concavity of at least a second boss.
  • each recess has a general semicircular or triangular or square or rectangular or trapezoidal shape.
  • the turns comprise several recesses, the adjacent recesses of a turn being offset angularly.
  • the coil comprises an insulating material at least partially filling the cutting line, at least one recess being formed in a turn edge facing said insulating material.
  • the insulating material comprises an insulating plate having a plurality of superimposed thin insulating sheets.
  • the coil is obtained in a massive superconducting material.
  • the coil further comprises a ribbon or wire formed in a superconductive material, said ribbon or wire being fixed on the internal and / or external face of the tube.
  • the coil according to the invention will advantageously be used to form a magnet for intense or homogeneous field, such as for example a superconducting magnet.
  • Such a coil may also be used as a solenoid gradient coil of a nuclear magnetic resonance machine.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a coil according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a reel according to a second embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a detail of a coil according to a third embodiment of the invention, before compression of the insulating plates,
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a detail of the coil according to the third embodiment of the invention, after compression of the insulating plates,
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the steps of manufacturing a coil according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • the coil 1 comprises a tube 2, preferably generally hollow cylindrical, in which turns 3 have been formed by cutting, by any appropriate means, along a cutting line 4 preferably helical, said tube 2 being obtained in an electrically conductive material, such as metals or preferably a massive superconductor (such as Bismuth alloys or Ytrium or MgB2 compounds for example) and said coil possibly comprising an insulating material filling the line of cutout 4 in a manner well known to those skilled in the art.
  • an electrically conductive material such as metals or preferably a massive superconductor (such as Bismuth alloys or Ytrium or MgB2 compounds for example) and said coil possibly comprising an insulating material filling the line of cutout 4 in a manner well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the tube 2 provided with turns 3 can constitute the coil 1 as such.
  • the tube with the turns constitutes a support for a coil, this support + coil assembly forming said coil.
  • the winding may for example be formed of a tape or a superconducting wire (consisting for example of an alloy of NbTi, Nb3Sn, Nb3AI, or YBaCuO type) surrounding the cut tube. spiral.
  • the tube serves as a mechanical support for the tape and is further used in the thermal regulation of the superconducting magnet.
  • the tape or the superconducting wire is fixed in abutment on the inner face of the helically cut tube.
  • the coil may consist of a plurality of tubes 2.
  • At least one recess 10 is formed in the edge of at least one of the turns 3, such a recess being provided to form an opening, that is to say a passage or channel, between the 2.
  • the recess 10 alone forms the opening, that is to say the passage or channel, between the inside and the outside of the tube 2, when the coil is constrained but also when it is not.
  • the recess 10 corresponds to a removal of material in the tube 2.
  • the recess 10 does not comprise a corresponding shape formed in the edge of the coil adjacent to the turn comprising said recess.
  • This removal of material constituting the recess 10 thus makes it possible to create an opening through the coil irrespective of the position of the turns relative to each other, that is to say whether they are constrained or not relative to one another. to others, that an element (such as an insulating material) is interposed or not between the adjacent turns.
  • the passage thus formed between the inside and the outside of the tube makes it possible to circulate a cooling fluid through the coil, such as, for example, water or a cryogenic fluid (eg nitrogen-based fluid). helium or hydrogen).
  • a cooling fluid such as, for example, water or a cryogenic fluid (eg nitrogen-based fluid). helium or hydrogen).
  • a cryogenic fluid eg nitrogen-based fluid. helium or hydrogen.
  • Such a cooling possibility is particularly advantageous for providing the heat transfer necessary to compensate for any thermal increase experienced by a superconducting coil in the event of transit or transition from the superconducting state to the resistive state ("quench" in English).
  • the fact of being able to thermally regulate the coil by the passage of cooling fluid between the inside and the outside of the tube is also particularly advantageous for reducing the mechanical deformations that may be of thermal origin.
  • the recess or recesses are formed in the region of the edges of the turns located opposite the insulating material.
  • this insulating material forms a barrier preventing the circulation of the coolant between two adjacent turns, and results in a local heating present in the normal operation of resistive magnets and in the case of a "quench" for a superconductor.
  • the recess 10 forms with the insulating material a passage between the inside and the outside of the tube 2 when the coil is constrained. The formation of a recess facing the insulating material therefore makes it possible to thermally regulate the coil at said insulating material through the cooling fluid passage, so as to avoid local heating.
  • the recesses formed in the ridges of each of the turns may have any shape, for example semicircular, triangular, square, rectangular, trapezoidal, or any other shape to create a passage for a cooling fluid. It should be noted that the shape and the size of the recess will be optimized to allow the passage of the cooling fluid and to control its flow velocity while guaranteeing the physical properties (especially mechanical and electrical) of the turns (taking into account for example the minimum width of the turns).
  • a plurality of turns 3 of the coil 1 comprises a recess 10 facing a complementary recess 1 1 formed in an adjacent turn 3, so that the cooperation of these recesses (10, 1 1) forms the opening between the inside and the outside of the tube 2 for the passage of a cooling fluid.
  • Complementary recess means a recess with a similar shape, that is, a recess with similar removal of material.
  • the opening between the inside and the outside of the tube 2 comprises, when the coil is stressed, two passages formed by the insulating material and respectively the recess 10 and the complementary recess 1 1.
  • Such an embodiment is particularly preferred when the width of the turns must remain low, which allows to distribute the size of the opening on two adjacent turns, and therefore avoids too much weaken the turns at the recesses.
  • the recesses formed in several adjacent turns may advantageously have an angular offset.
  • each turn 3 is constant; however, the width of all or part of the turns may be variable, the width of the space between two adjacent turns being preferably constant including the recesses.
  • the turns 3 are preferably formed in a generally cylindrical tube 2 by cutting along a helical cutting line 4.
  • the helical cutout 4 is obtained according to the equations parametric in an orthonormal Cartesian system where the Oz axis coincides with the axis of revolution of the tube 2:
  • a plurality of turns 3 of the coil 1 comprises a boss 5 extending in line with a recess 6 of corresponding shape formed in a turn 3 adjacent to recover the mechanical forces induced by the electromagnetic couples on the turns 3 when traversed by a high intensity current.
  • a recess 10 in the edge of the turn 3 at the boss-shaped profile 5, and optionally but preferably a complementary recess 11 in the edge of the turn 3 to 6.
  • Each recess is formed in the boss-shaped profile of a turn so as to face the complementary recess formed in the hollow-shaped profile of the adjacent coil.
  • the fact of placing the recesses at the bosses and recesses is particularly advantageous since it makes it possible to machine said recesses concomitantly with the corresponding bosses and recesses (for example by a wire cutting method by electroerosion), and does not come to complicate the machining process of the coil, while greatly improving the thermal properties of said coil.
  • all the bosses 5 and the recesses 6 of the turns 3 are generally aligned along a longitudinal straight line.
  • bosses 5 of two adjacent turns can be angularly offset.
  • the upper part of the coil arbitrarily represented vertically in FIG. 2, comprises a plurality of bosses 5 and recesses 6, the concavity of which is oriented in the same direction towards the lower end of said coil 1.
  • the lower part of the coil 1 also comprises a plurality of bosses 5 and recesses 6 whose concavity is oriented in the same direction, for example towards the upper end of said coil 1, opposite the direction to the orientation of the concavity of the bosses 5 of the turns 3 of the upper part of said coil.
  • the coil 1 may comprise only one boss and a single hollow or a plurality of bosses and recesses on one or more turns, the concavity of at least one boss may have an opposite orientation to the orientation of the concavity of at least one second boss.
  • each boss 5, and therefore each recess 6, has a generally semicircular shape; however, it is obvious that each boss 5 may have any shape such as a triangular shape, square or rectangular, for example.
  • f (t) may be substituted by f (t, 9) to adjust the angle of the cut along Oz in a radial plane.
  • the bosses 5 and the recesses 6 will then have a generally conical shape, that is to say that their edges will not be perpendicular to the axis of revolution of the tube 2.
  • the helical cutout 4 forms bosses 5 and recesses 6 in the turns 3 with respect to a helical reference cut obtained according to the parametric equations:
  • the coil according to the invention is constituted in the same manner as previously of a generally cylindrical tube 2 in which turns 3 have been formed by cutting along a generally helical cut line 4, said turns having bosses 5 and recesses 6 of corresponding shapes, a recess being further formed at each boss and recesses of the turns.
  • said bosses 5 and said recesses 6 have a trapezoidal shape while the recesses have a rectangular shape.
  • the section of the bosses 5 and recesses 6 may decrease from the outer wall to the inner wall of the tube 3.
  • bosses and recesses is particularly suitable for the implementation of thin turns and / or for the insulation setting.
  • insulating plates such as, for example, pre-impregnated pre-preg fiberglass sheets, or the like, according to the English acronym "pre-impregnated” polyimide insulators may be positioned between two adjacent turns 3, said plates preferably having an annular sectional shape.
  • the turns 3 are spaced apart by any appropriate means (FIG. 3).
  • These insulating plates 7 advantageously consist of several superimposed thin insulating sheets 8, preferably at least three superimposed insulating thin sheets 8.
  • the insulation once compressed, with reference to Figure 4 conforms to the drawing of the coil 3 without breaking. Indeed, this superposition of thin sheets of insulation 8 provides a reduction of internal stresses to the insulator.
  • the intermediate sheet 8 is never in direct contact with the metal or the superconducting material of the turns 3 thus ensuring increased electrical safety.
  • the insulating plates 7 may comprise any number of sheets 8 and that they may be obtained in any insulating material without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the positioning of the recess (10,1 1) formed at the bosses 5 and recess 6 in the zone comprising the insulating plates 8 is particularly advantageous since the opening formed by these recesses allows to guarantee a heat transfer in this zone, which would form in the opposite case a hot spot in the coil what is to be avoided to be able to have a homogeneous thermal regulation.
  • the setting of insulating plates between bosses 5 and successive recesses 6 can allow the passage of coolant between two zones having a boss 5 and a recess 6 (FIG. 4).
  • the insulating plates come away from the turns 3 formed in the tube 2, thus creating days 9 between two zones having a boss 5 and a recess 6, these days 9 also allowing a circulation of a cooling fluid between inside and outside the tube and vice versa.
  • Said cooling liquid consisting for example in water in the case of resistive magnets, or in helium or liquid nitrogen in the case of superconducting materials.
  • Such an arrangement therefore allows for increased thermal regulation, since it is performed not only by the days 9 formed between the recesses 6 and bosses 5, but also at the level of the passages formed by the recesses (10,1 1).
  • a geometric model of the turns is carried out using a computer aided design (CAD) software, such as CATIA ® or Open Cascade marketed by Open Cascade SAS.
  • CAD computer aided design
  • a mesh of the turns 3 and the boss or bosses 5 and corresponding hollow or recesses 6, and recesses (10, 1) is produced, in a step 200, from the CAD model by means of a suitable software such as for example, the CATIA ® software or a mesher Ghs3d ® from the company Distene, then in a step 300, a simulation of thermal heating and / or electromagnetic fields and / or mechanical behavior corresponding to the previous mesh is performed.
  • Said thermal heating and / or electromagnetic fields and / or mechanical deformations obtained by this mesh are compared, in a step 400, with a so-called reference model having no bosses and hollows, and / or having no recesses. . Modifications can be made if necessary on the geometry of the turns. The procedure is then repeated until obtaining a suitable model.
  • the same procedure can be used for the optimization of mechanical stresses.
  • the steps 100 to 400 are then repeated until a mesh is obtained having a minimum thermal heating and / or a homogeneous or almost homogeneous magnetic field and / or a minimization of the displacements consecutive to the electromagnetic and thermal loadings.
  • the parameterized curve corresponding to the retained cut thus determined is then transmitted to a digital cutting machine, which cuts the turns 3, bosses 5 and recesses 6, and recesses (10, 1 1) in the tube 2. in a step 500.
  • a digital cutting machine which cuts the turns 3, bosses 5 and recesses 6, and recesses (10, 1 1) in the tube 2. in a step 500.
  • the recesses (10, 1 1) are positioned at the bosses 5 and recesses 6, they can be cut at the same time as the cutouts of the bosses 5 and corresponding recesses 6, which is very advantageous in machining terms.
  • bosses 5 and the recesses 6 cooperate to ensure a centering of the turns.
  • the tube 2 may consist of a set of tubes, said tube 2 or the set of tubes being preferably formed of a solid conducting and / or superconductive material.
  • the tube 2 may consist of a support tube obtained in copper or stainless steel for example and on which are secured, for example by welding, son or superconducting cables.
  • the support tube provided with the bosses 5 and recesses 6 and recesses according to the invention then has a function of recovery of the electromagnetic forces and a heat dissipation function in case of "quench", that is to say of return in the normal accidental state or not of the superconducting part.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a coil to generate an intense magnetic field when an electrical current flows therethrough, said coil comprising forming turns in a tube made from a conducting or superconducting material, forming at least one depression in an edge of at least one turn of said coil, and positioning an insulating material between the turn including the depression and an adjacent turn, wherein said depression is provided in the edge to form a passage between the interior and the exterior of the tube with the insulating material when the coil is stressed. The invention also relates to a coil for generating an intense magnetic field when an electrical current flows therethrough, said coil consisting of at least one tube (2) made from a conductive or superconductive material and cut along a cutout line to form turns (3), having an insulating material that at least partially fills the cutout line, and at least one turn (3) comprising a depression (10) formed in an edge opposite said insulating material, said depression (10) forming a passage between the interior and the exterior of the tube (2) with the insulating material when the coil is stressed.

Description

Bobine améliorée apte à générer un champ magnétique intense  Improved coil capable of generating an intense magnetic field
et procédé de fabrication de ladite bobine  and method of manufacturing said coil
DOMAINE DE L'INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La présente invention concerne une bobine apte à générer un champ magnétique particulièrement adaptée pour la génération de champs magnétiques intenses et/ou pour la tenue à des efforts mécaniques importants et un procédé de fabrication de ladite bobine. ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE  The present invention relates to a coil adapted to generate a magnetic field particularly suitable for the generation of intense magnetic fields and / or for withstanding significant mechanical forces and a method of manufacturing said coil. STATE OF THE ART
Dans le domaine de la production des champs magnétiques, il est bien connu de générer un champ magnétique intense par des "aimants" constitués d'une ou plusieurs bobines traversées par un courant électrique intense, lesdites bobines étant refroidies.  In the field of the production of magnetic fields, it is well known to generate an intense magnetic field by "magnets" consisting of one or more coils crossed by an intense electric current, said coils being cooled.
Les dites bobines peuvent être constituées de tubes cylindriques obtenus dans un matériau conducteur ou supraconducteur et découpés suivant une ligne de découpe globalement hélicoïdale, à pas constant ou non, pour former des spires.  The said coils may consist of cylindrical tubes obtained in a conductive or superconductive material and cut along a generally helical cut line, with a constant pitch or not, to form turns.
Ces bobines pour champs intenses sont actuellement presque exclusivement utilisées dans les laboratoires de champs magnétiques intenses et pourraient, par exemple, être utilisées utilement dans des machines de RMN selon l'acronyme « Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire » pour la réalisation d'imagerie par résonance magnétique.  These intense field coils are currently almost exclusively used in laboratories of intense magnetic fields and could, for example, be usefully used in NMR machines according to the acronym "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance" for the realization of magnetic resonance imaging.
Ces machines RMN présentent usuellement une structure du type tunnel avec un espace central réservé au patient et une structure annulaire qui intègre d'une part des moyens pour créer dans l'espace central d'observation un champ magnétique principal homogène et intense et d'autre part des moyens d'excitation radiofréquence et de traitement des signaux radiofréquence réémis par le corps du patient placé dans l'espace central d'observation, en réponse aux séquences d'excitation. Afin de différencier les signaux radiofréquence émis en réponse et créer une image, ces machines comportent également des bobines dites de gradient pour superposer au champ homogène intense des champs magnétiques additionnels dont la valeur dépend des coordonnées spatiales de leur lieu d'application.  These NMR machines usually have a tunnel-like structure with a central space reserved for the patient and an annular structure which integrates on the one hand means for creating in the central observation space a homogeneous and intense main magnetic field and on the other hand radiofrequency excitation means and radiofrequency signal processing reemitted by the body of the patient placed in the central observation space, in response to the excitation sequences. In order to differentiate the radiofrequency signals emitted in response and to create an image, these machines also comprise so-called gradient coils for superimposing on the intense homogeneous field additional magnetic fields the value of which depends on the spatial coordinates of their place of application.
Une telle machine RMN est par exemple décrite dans la demande de brevet français FR 2 892 524. On connaît par ailleurs les documents US 2,592,802, EP 0146494 et US 3,466,743 qui décrivent des bobines d'induction. Such an NMR machine is for example described in the French patent application FR 2 892 524. Documents US Pat. No. 2,592,802, EP 0146494 and US Pat. No. 3,466,743 are also known which describe induction coils.
Le document US 2,592,802 décrit une bobine d'induction constituée d'un tube obtenu dans un matériau conducteur et découpé suivant plusieurs lignes globalement hélicoïdales pour former des spires qui sont séparées par une portion verticale assurant une séparation entre les spires. Ladite partie de séparation est découpée pour former une paire de membres d'espacement de part et d'autre d'un trou cylindrique dans lequel est avantageusement inséré une tige obtenue dans un matériau isolant, cette tige servant d'espaceur pour éviter tout contact entre les spires.  US 2,592,802 discloses an induction coil consisting of a tube obtained in a conductive material and cut along several generally helical lines to form turns which are separated by a vertical portion ensuring a separation between the turns. Said separation part is cut to form a pair of spacing members on either side of a cylindrical hole in which is advantageously inserted a rod obtained in an insulating material, this rod serving as a spacer to avoid any contact between the turns.
Le document EP 0146494 décrit une bobine d'induction constituée de découpes annulaires incomplètes pratiquées dans un tube cylindrique, lesdites découpes annulaires incomplètes étant reliées par deux découpes verticales. Ce type de bobine d'induction est destiné à permettre le déplacement des espaceurs dans les réacteurs nucléaires et n'est pas destiné à recevoir des courants de haute intensité pour la formation de champs intenses.  The document EP 0146494 describes an induction coil consisting of incomplete annular cuts made in a cylindrical tube, said incomplete annular cuts being connected by two vertical cuts. This type of induction coil is intended to allow the displacement of the spacers in the nuclear reactors and is not intended to receive high intensity currents for the formation of intense fields.
Le document US 3,466,743 décrit une bobine constituée d'un tube obtenu dans un matériau conducteur et découpé suivant une ligne globalement hélicoïdale pour former des spires, lesdits spires passant par des trous initialement pratiqués le long du tube, la ligne de coupe et/ou les trous étant remplis d'un matériau isolant afin de prévenir toute déformation lorsque la bobine est traversée par des courants de très hautes intensités, mais également pour maintenir une séparation entre les spires. En particulier, lorsque un espaceur isolant est positionné au niveau d'un trou, l'espaceur a des dimensions plus importantes que le trou afin de remplir totalement ce trou et pour écarter les spires adjacentes.  US 3,466,743 discloses a coil consisting of a tube obtained in a conductive material and cut along a generally helical line to form turns, said turns passing through holes initially made along the tube, the line of cut and / or the holes are filled with an insulating material to prevent deformation when the coil is traversed by currents of very high intensities, but also to maintain a separation between the turns. In particular, when an insulating spacer is positioned at a hole, the spacer has larger dimensions than the hole to completely fill the hole and to separate the adjacent turns.
Aucune des bobines décrites dans ces documents n'est toutefois destinée à la formation de champs magnétiques dits intenses (c'est-à-dire supérieur à 1 T), ou à être placé dans un champ magnétique intense, et leur structure n'est pas adaptée pour de telles applications.  None of the coils described in these documents, however, is intended for the formation of so-called intense magnetic fields (that is to say greater than 1 T), or to be placed in an intense magnetic field, and their structure is not not suitable for such applications.
En particulier, les bobines de gradient de champs magnétiques ou générant un champ magnétique intense sont soumises à des forces électromagnétiques intenses qui induisent des efforts mécaniques conduisant à une déformation des spires de la bobine. La déformation des spires peut induire un manque de fiabilité de la machine et/ou une inhomogénéité du champ magnétique préjudiciable pour la réalisation d'imagerie de bonne qualité. C'est ainsi qu'il a été proposé dans la demande WO 2009/053420 publiée le 30 avril 2009 d'utiliser des bobines constituées d'un tube obtenu dans un matériau conducteur et découpé suivant une ligne globalement hélicoïdale pour former une pluralité de spires, dans laquelle au moins une spire comporte au moins un bossage s'étendant au droit d'un creux de forme correspondante formé dans une spire adjacente. Une telle configuration est avantageuse en ce qu'elle permet de reprendre les efforts mécaniques induits par les forces électromagnétiques et les forces mécaniques d'origine thermique. In particular, the magnetic field gradient coils or generating an intense magnetic field are subjected to intense electromagnetic forces that induce mechanical forces leading to a deformation of the turns of the coil. The deformation of the turns can induce a lack of reliability of the machine and / or an inhomogeneity of the detrimental magnetic field for the realization of good quality imaging. Thus it was proposed in the application WO 2009/053420 published on April 30, 2009 to use coils made of a tube obtained in a conductive material and cut along a generally helical line to form a plurality of turns, wherein at least one turn comprises at least one boss extending in line with a correspondingly shaped depression formed in an adjacent turn. Such a configuration is advantageous in that it makes it possible to recover the mechanical forces induced by the electromagnetic forces and the mechanical forces of thermal origin.
Toutefois, pour de nombreuses applications comme les aimants supraconducteurs, il est nécessaire que la structure de bobine puisse être refroidie en permanence, notamment par la circulation d'un fluide de refroidissement, de préférence un fluide cryogénique (à base d'azote, d'hélium ou d'hydrogène par exemple). Ce refroidissement doit en outre être le plus homogène possible dans la structure. Un tel refroidissement est particulièrement utile pour compenser l'augmentation thermique subie par la structure en cas de transit ou transition résistive (« quench » en anglais).  However, for many applications such as superconducting magnets, it is necessary that the coil structure can be permanently cooled, in particular by the circulation of a cooling fluid, preferably a cryogenic fluid (nitrogen-based, for example). helium or hydrogen for example). This cooling must also be as homogeneous as possible in the structure. Such cooling is particularly useful to compensate for the thermal increase experienced by the structure in case of transit or resistive transition ("quench" in English).
L'un des buts de l'invention est donc de remédier à tous ces inconvénients en proposant une bobine ou un ensemble de bobines adaptées pour la génération d'un champ magnétique intense, notamment pour former des aimants supraconducteurs, et un procédé de fabrication de ladite bobine de conception simple et peu onéreuse.  One of the aims of the invention is therefore to overcome all these drawbacks by proposing a coil or a set of coils suitable for generating an intense magnetic field, in particular for forming superconducting magnets, and a method for manufacturing said coil of simple design and inexpensive.
Plus précisément un but de la présente invention est de fournir une bobine ou un ensemble de bobines adapté pour être régulé thermiquement et simple de fabrication, et procurant de préférence une reprise des efforts mécaniques induits sur les spires des bobines par les forces électromagnétiques et/ou les forces mécaniques d'origine thermique. EXPOSE DE L'INVENTION  More specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a coil or a set of coils adapted to be thermally controlled and simple to manufacture, and preferably providing a recovery of the mechanical forces induced on the coils of the coils by the electromagnetic forces and / or mechanical forces of thermal origin. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A cet effet et conformément à l'invention, il est proposé un procédé de fabrication d'une bobine apte à générer un champ magnétique dit champ intense lorsqu'elle est traversée par un courant électrique comportant une étape de formation de spires dans un tube obtenu dans un matériau conducteur et/ou supraconducteur caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une étape de formation d'au moins un renfoncement dans une arête d'au moins une spire de ladite bobine, ledit renfoncement formant un passage entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube.  For this purpose and in accordance with the invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a coil capable of generating a magnetic field said intense field when it is crossed by an electric current comprising a step of forming turns in a tube obtained in a conductive and / or superconducting material characterized in that it comprises at least one step of forming at least one recess in an edge of at least one turn of said coil, said recess forming a passage between the interior and the outside of the tube.
Plus précisément, lorsqu'un matériau isolant est positionné entre la spire comprenant le renfoncement et une spire adjacente, ledit renfoncement est ménagé dans l'arête de manière telle qu'il forme avec le matériau isolant un passage entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube lorsque la bobine est contrainte. More specifically, when an insulating material is positioned between the coil comprising the recess and an adjacent turn, said recess is provided in the ridge so that it forms with the insulating material a passage between the inside and the outside of the tube when the coil is constrained.
Des aspects préférés mais non limitatifs de ce procédé, pris seuls ou en combinaison, sont les suivants : Preferred but non-limiting aspects of this process, taken alone or in combination, are as follows:
- l'étape de formation d'au moins un renfoncement comprend la formation d'au moins un premier renfoncement dans une arête d'au moins une spire de ladite bobine et d'au moins un deuxième renfoncement dans une arête d'une spire adjacente de manière à ce que le premier renfoncement fasse face au deuxième renfoncement, les premier et deuxième renfoncements ménagés dans les spires adjacentes formant le passage entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube.  the step of forming at least one recess comprises forming at least one first recess in an edge of at least one turn of said coil and at least one second recess in an edge of an adjacent turn so that the first recess faces the second recess, the first and second recesses in the adjacent turns forming the passage between the inside and the outside of the tube.
- le procédé comprend en outre la formation d'au moins un bossage sur la spire comprenant le premier renfoncement et la formation d'au moins un creux sur la spire comprenant le deuxième renfoncement de manière à ce que le bossage s'étende au droit dudit creux, permettant de reprendre les efforts mécaniques induits par les forces électromagnétiques et les forces mécaniques d'origine thermique.  the method further comprises the formation of at least one boss on the turn comprising the first recess and the formation of at least one recess on the turn comprising the second recess so that the boss extends to the right of said recess; hollow, to take up the mechanical forces induced by the electromagnetic forces and the mechanical forces of thermal origin.
- le premier renfoncement est formé dans l'arête de la spire au niveau du profil en forme de bossage et le deuxième renfoncement est formé dans l'arête de la spire au niveau du profil en forme de creux.  the first recess is formed in the edge of the turn at the boss-shaped profile and the second recess is formed in the edge of the turn at the hollow-shaped profile.
- les formations du bossage et du premier renfoncement sont faites de manière concomitante, et en ce que les formations du creux et du deuxième renfoncement sont faites de manière concomitante.  - The formations of the boss and the first recess are made concomitantly, and in that the formations of the recess and the second recess are made concomitantly.
- le procédé comporte une étape préalable d'optimisation du ou des bossages et du ou des creux correspondants, et des renfoncements.  - The method comprises a prior step of optimizing the boss or bosses and corresponding hollow or recesses, and recesses.
- l'étape d'optimisation consiste au moins dans les étapes suivantes de :  the optimization step consists at least in the following steps of:
o détermination d'un maillage des spires, du ou des bossages et du ou des creux correspondants, et des renfoncements,  o determination of a mesh of the turns, the boss or bosses and the corresponding hollow or recesses, and recesses,
o simulation des échauffements thermiques et/ou des champs électromagnétiques à partir du maillage,  o simulation of thermal overheating and / or electromagnetic fields from the mesh,
o comparaison des échauffements thermiques et/ou des champs électromagnétiques avec ceux d'un maillage dit de référence ne comportant pas de bossages et/ou ne comportant pas de renfoncements,  o comparison of thermal overheating and / or electromagnetic fields with those of a so-called reference grid having no bosses and / or having no recesses,
o comparaison des déplacements sous les chargements électromagnétiques et thermiques des spires avec ceux d'un modèle dit de référence ne comportant pas de bossages et/ou ne comportant pas de renfoncements. o comparison of the displacements under the electromagnetic and thermal loadings of the turns with those of a model said reference having no bosses and / or not having recesses.
- les spires, les bossages et les creux correspondants, et les renfoncements sont formés par une découpe d'un tube cylindrique suivant une ligne de coupe globalement hélicoïdale.  - The turns, bosses and corresponding recesses, and the recesses are formed by cutting a cylindrical tube along a generally helical cut line.
- un matériau isolant est déposé dans la ligne de découpe entre deux spires adjacentes, ce matériau isolant pouvant se présenté sous forme de plaques d'isolant comprenant une pluralité de feuilles fines d'isolant superposées. Selon un autre aspect de l'invention il est proposé une bobine apte à générer un champ magnétique dit champ intense lorsqu'elle est traversée par un courant électrique, ladite bobine comprenant au moins d'un tube ou d'un ensemble de tubes obtenu dans un matériau conducteur et/ou supraconducteur et découpé suivant une ligne de découpe pour former des spires, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins une spire comporte au moins un renfoncement formé dans une arête de ladite spire, ledit renfoncement formant un passage entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube.  an insulating material is deposited in the cutting line between two adjacent turns, this insulating material being in the form of insulating plates comprising a plurality of superimposed thin insulating sheets. According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a coil adapted to generate a magnetic field said intense field when it is crossed by an electric current, said coil comprising at least a tube or a set of tubes obtained in a conductive material and / or superconductor and cut along a cutting line to form turns, characterized in that at least one turn comprises at least one recess formed in an edge of said turn, said recess forming a passage between the inside and the outside of the tube.
De préférence, la bobine comporte un matériau isolant comblant au moins partiellement la ligne de découpe, le renfoncement étant formé dans une arête d'une spire en regard dudit matériau isolant, ledit renfoncement formant avec le matériau isolant un passage entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube lorsque la bobine est contrainte.  Preferably, the coil comprises an insulating material at least partially filling the cutting line, the recess being formed in an edge of a turn facing said insulating material, said recess forming with the insulating material a passage between the inside and the outside. outside the tube when the coil is constrained.
Des aspects préférés mais non limitatifs de cette bobine, pris seuls ou en combinaison, sont les suivants : Preferred but non-limiting aspects of this coil, taken alone or in combination, are the following:
- au moins une spire comporte au moins un premier renfoncement formé dans une arête de ladite spire et faisant face un deuxième renfoncement formé dans une arête d'une spire adjacente, les premier et deuxième renfoncements ménagés dans les spires adjacentes formant le passage entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube.  at least one turn comprises at least one first recess formed in one edge of said turn and facing a second recess formed in an edge of an adjacent turn, the first and second recesses formed in the adjacent turns forming the passage between the inside and outside the tube.
- la spire comprenant le premier renfoncement comprend en outre au moins un bossage s'étendant au droit d'un creux de forme correspondante formé dans la spire adjacente comprenant le deuxième renfoncement, les premier et deuxième renfoncements étant formés dans l'arête des spires correspondantes au niveau du profil en forme de bossage et de creux respectivement.  the turn comprising the first recess further comprises at least one boss extending in line with a recess of corresponding shape formed in the adjacent turn comprising the second recess, the first and second recesses being formed in the edge of the corresponding turns. at the level of the boss-shaped profile and hollow respectively.
- les bossages adjacents d'une spire sont décalés angulairement. - la bobine comporte une pluralité de bossages et de creux dont la concavité est orientée dans une même direction. the adjacent bosses of a turn are angularly offset. the coil comprises a plurality of bosses and recesses whose concavity is oriented in the same direction.
- la bobine comporte une pluralité de bossages et de creux et en ce que la concavité d'au moins un bossage présente une orientation opposée à l'orientation de la concavité d'au moins un second bossage.  - The coil has a plurality of bosses and recesses and in that the concavity of at least one boss has an orientation opposite to the orientation of the concavity of at least a second boss.
- chaque renfoncement présente une forme générale hémicirculaire ou triangulaire ou carrée ou rectangulaire ou trapézoïdale.  each recess has a general semicircular or triangular or square or rectangular or trapezoidal shape.
- les spires comprennent plusieurs renfoncements, les renfoncements adjacents d'une spire étant décalés angulairement.  - The turns comprise several recesses, the adjacent recesses of a turn being offset angularly.
- la bobine comporte un matériau isolant comblant au moins partiellement la ligne de découpe, au moins un renfoncement étant ménagé dans une arête de spire en regard dudit matériau isolant.  - The coil comprises an insulating material at least partially filling the cutting line, at least one recess being formed in a turn edge facing said insulating material.
- le matériau isolant comprend une plaque d'isolant ayant une pluralité de feuilles fines d'isolant superposées.  the insulating material comprises an insulating plate having a plurality of superimposed thin insulating sheets.
- la bobine est obtenue dans un matériau supraconducteur massif.  the coil is obtained in a massive superconducting material.
- la bobine comprend en outre un ruban ou fil formé dans un matériau supraconducteur, ledit ruban ou fil étant fixé sur la face interne et/ou externe du tube.  the coil further comprises a ribbon or wire formed in a superconductive material, said ribbon or wire being fixed on the internal and / or external face of the tube.
La bobine selon l'invention sera avantageusement utilisée pour former un aimant pour champ intense ou homogène, comme par exemple un aimant supraconducteur. The coil according to the invention will advantageously be used to form a magnet for intense or homogeneous field, such as for example a superconducting magnet.
Une telle bobine pourra également être utilisée comme bobine de gradient solénoïdale d'une machine à résonance magnétique nucléaire.  Such a coil may also be used as a solenoid gradient coil of a nuclear magnetic resonance machine.
DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront mieux de la description qui va suivre de plusieurs variantes d'exécution, données à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, une bobine apte à générer un champ magnétique et particulièrement aptes à la génération d'un champ magnétique intense et un procédé de fabrication de ladite bobine conforme à l'invention, à partir des dessins annexés sur lesquels :  Other advantages and features will become more apparent from the following description of several variant embodiments, given as non-limiting examples, a coil capable of generating a magnetic field and particularly suitable for generating an intense magnetic field. and a method of manufacturing said coil according to the invention, from the attached drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est vue en perspective d'une bobine selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a coil according to a first embodiment of the invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'une bobine selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'un détail d'une bobine selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, avant compression des plaques d'isolant, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a reel according to a second embodiment of the invention, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a detail of a coil according to a third embodiment of the invention, before compression of the insulating plates,
- la figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'un détail de la bobine selon le troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, après compression des plaques d'isolant,  FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a detail of the coil according to the third embodiment of the invention, after compression of the insulating plates,
- la figure 5 est un diagramme représentant les étapes de fabrication d'une bobine conforme à l'invention. DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION  - Figure 5 is a diagram showing the steps of manufacturing a coil according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
En référence à la figure 1 , la bobine 1 comprend un tube 2, de préférence globalement cylindrique creux, dans lequel des spires 3 ont été formées par une découpe, par tout moyen approprié, selon une ligne de découpe 4 de préférence hélicoïdale, ledit tube 2 étant obtenu dans un matériau électriquement conducteur, tel que des métaux ou de préférence un supraconducteur massif (tel que des alliages au Bismuth ou des composés d'Ytrium ou de MgB2 par exemple) et ladite bobine comportant éventuellement un matériau isolant comblant la ligne de découpe 4 de manière bien connue par l'Homme du Métier.  Referring to Figure 1, the coil 1 comprises a tube 2, preferably generally hollow cylindrical, in which turns 3 have been formed by cutting, by any appropriate means, along a cutting line 4 preferably helical, said tube 2 being obtained in an electrically conductive material, such as metals or preferably a massive superconductor (such as Bismuth alloys or Ytrium or MgB2 compounds for example) and said coil possibly comprising an insulating material filling the line of cutout 4 in a manner well known to those skilled in the art.
Le tube 2 pourvu de spires 3 peut constituer la bobine 1 en tant que telle. Toutefois, selon un autre mode de réalisation, le tube avec les spires constitue un support pour un bobinage, cet ensemble support + bobinage formant ladite bobine. Dans le cas d'un aimant supraconducteur, le bobinage peut par exemple être formé d'un ruban ou d'un fil supraconducteur (constitué par exemple d'un alliage de type NbTi, Nb3Sn, Nb3AI, ou YBaCuO) entourant le tube découpé en spirale. Ainsi, le tube sert de support mécanique au ruban et est en outre utilisé dans la régulation thermique de l'aimant supraconducteur. Dans une autre variante le ruban ou le fil supraconducteur est fixé en appui sur la face interne du tube découpé en hélice. Par ailleurs, la bobine peut être constituée d'une pluralité de tubes 2.  The tube 2 provided with turns 3 can constitute the coil 1 as such. However, according to another embodiment, the tube with the turns constitutes a support for a coil, this support + coil assembly forming said coil. In the case of a superconducting magnet, the winding may for example be formed of a tape or a superconducting wire (consisting for example of an alloy of NbTi, Nb3Sn, Nb3AI, or YBaCuO type) surrounding the cut tube. spiral. Thus, the tube serves as a mechanical support for the tape and is further used in the thermal regulation of the superconducting magnet. In another variant, the tape or the superconducting wire is fixed in abutment on the inner face of the helically cut tube. Moreover, the coil may consist of a plurality of tubes 2.
Selon l'invention, au moins un renfoncement 10 est ménagé dans l'arête d'au moins une des spires 3, un tel renfoncement étant prévu pour former une ouverture, c'est-à-dire un passage ou canal, entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube 2. Le renfoncement 10 forme à lui seul l'ouverture, c'est-à-dire le passage ou canal, entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube 2, lorsque la bobine est contrainte mais également lorsqu'elle ne l'est pas. A cet égard, le renfoncement 10 correspond à un enlèvement de matière dans le tube 2. En particulier, le renfoncement 10 ne comprend pas de forme correspondante ménagée dans l'arête de la spire adjacente à la spire comprenant ledit renfoncement. Cet enlèvement de matière constituant le renfoncement 10 permet ainsi de créer une ouverture à travers la bobine quel que soit la position des spires les unes par rapport aux autres, c'est-à-dire qu'elles soient contraintes ou non les unes par rapport aux autres , qu'un élément (tel qu'un matériau isolant) soit interposé ou non entre les spires adjacentes. According to the invention, at least one recess 10 is formed in the edge of at least one of the turns 3, such a recess being provided to form an opening, that is to say a passage or channel, between the 2. The recess 10 alone forms the opening, that is to say the passage or channel, between the inside and the outside of the tube 2, when the coil is constrained but also when it is not. In this regard, the recess 10 corresponds to a removal of material in the tube 2. In particular, the recess 10 does not comprise a corresponding shape formed in the edge of the coil adjacent to the turn comprising said recess. This removal of material constituting the recess 10 thus makes it possible to create an opening through the coil irrespective of the position of the turns relative to each other, that is to say whether they are constrained or not relative to one another. to others, that an element (such as an insulating material) is interposed or not between the adjacent turns.
Le passage ainsi formé entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube permet de faire circuler un fluide de refroidissement à travers la bobine, tel que par exemple de l'eau ou un fluide cryogénique (e.g. fluide à base d'azote, d'hélium ou d'hydrogène). Cela permet donc d'avoir un refroidissement permanent de la structure, que le tube serve de support à un bobinage pour former la bobine ou qu'il constitue la bobine en tant que telle.  The passage thus formed between the inside and the outside of the tube makes it possible to circulate a cooling fluid through the coil, such as, for example, water or a cryogenic fluid (eg nitrogen-based fluid). helium or hydrogen). This therefore makes it possible to have a permanent cooling of the structure, whether the tube serves to support a winding to form the coil or that it constitutes the coil as such.
Une telle possibilité de refroidissement est particulièrement avantageuse pour assurer les transferts thermiques nécessaires pour compenser toute augmentation thermique subie par une bobine supraconductrice en cas de transit ou transition de l'état supraconducteur vers l'état résistif (« quench » en anglais).  Such a cooling possibility is particularly advantageous for providing the heat transfer necessary to compensate for any thermal increase experienced by a superconducting coil in the event of transit or transition from the superconducting state to the resistive state ("quench" in English).
Le fait de pouvoir réguler thermiquement la bobine par le passage de fluide de refroidissement entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube est également particulièrement avantageux pour réduire les déformations mécaniques qui peuvent être d'origine thermique.  The fact of being able to thermally regulate the coil by the passage of cooling fluid between the inside and the outside of the tube is also particularly advantageous for reducing the mechanical deformations that may be of thermal origin.
De manière préférée, le ou les renfoncements sont ménagés dans la zone des arêtes des spires située en regard du matériau isolant. En effet, lorsqu'un matériau isolant est placé dans la ligne de découpe 4, comblant tout ou partie de cette ligne de découpe 4, ce matériau isolant forme une barrière empêchant la circulation du fluide caloporteur entre deux spires adjacentes, et il en résulte un échauffement local présent dans le fonctionnement normal des aimants résistifs et dans le cas d'un « quench » pour un supraconducteur. Lorsqu'au moins l'une des spires 3 en regard du matériau isolant présente un renfoncement 10 au niveau de son arête, un tel renfoncement forme une ouverture qui va permettre le transfert thermique recherché. Le renfoncement 10 forme donc avec le matériau isolant un passage entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube 2 lorsque la bobine est contrainte. La formation d'un renfoncement en regard du matériau isolant permet donc de réguler thermiquement la bobine au niveau dudit matériau isolant par le passage de fluide de refroidissement, de sorte à éviter tout échauffement local. Preferably, the recess or recesses are formed in the region of the edges of the turns located opposite the insulating material. Indeed, when an insulating material is placed in the cutting line 4, filling all or part of this cutting line 4, this insulating material forms a barrier preventing the circulation of the coolant between two adjacent turns, and results in a local heating present in the normal operation of resistive magnets and in the case of a "quench" for a superconductor. When at least one of the turns 3 facing the insulating material has a recess 10 at its edge, such a recess forms an opening which will allow the desired heat transfer. The recess 10 thus forms with the insulating material a passage between the inside and the outside of the tube 2 when the coil is constrained. The formation of a recess facing the insulating material therefore makes it possible to thermally regulate the coil at said insulating material through the cooling fluid passage, so as to avoid local heating.
Les renfoncements ménagés dans les arêtes de chacune des spires peuvent avoir une forme quelconque, par exemple hémicirculaire, triangulaire, carrée, rectangulaire, trapézoïdale, ou toute autre forme permettant de créer un passage pour un fluide de refroidissement. Il est à noter que la forme et la taille du renfoncement seront optimisées pour permettre le passage du fluide de refroidissement et pour contrôler sa vitesse d'écoulement tout en garantissant les propriétés physiques (notamment mécanique et électrique) des spires (en tenant par exemple compte de la largeur minimale des spires).  The recesses formed in the ridges of each of the turns may have any shape, for example semicircular, triangular, square, rectangular, trapezoidal, or any other shape to create a passage for a cooling fluid. It should be noted that the shape and the size of the recess will be optimized to allow the passage of the cooling fluid and to control its flow velocity while guaranteeing the physical properties (especially mechanical and electrical) of the turns (taking into account for example the minimum width of the turns).
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, une pluralité de spires 3 de la bobine 1 comporte un renfoncement 10 faisant face à un renfoncement complémentaire 1 1 formé dans une spire 3 adjacente, de sorte que la coopération de ces renfoncements (10,1 1 ) forme l'ouverture entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube 2 pour le passage d'un fluide de refroidissement. Par renfoncement complémentaire, on entend un renfoncement présentant une forme similaire, c'est-à-dire un renfoncement avec un enlèvement de matière semblable.  According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of turns 3 of the coil 1 comprises a recess 10 facing a complementary recess 1 1 formed in an adjacent turn 3, so that the cooperation of these recesses (10, 1 1) forms the opening between the inside and the outside of the tube 2 for the passage of a cooling fluid. Complementary recess means a recess with a similar shape, that is, a recess with similar removal of material.
Dans le cas où le matériau isolant est entre les deux spires adjacentes présentant le renfoncement 10 et le renfoncement complémentaire 1 1 , l'ouverture entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube 2 comprend, lorsque la bobine est contrainte, deux passages formés par le matériau isolant et respectivement le renfoncement 10 et le renfoncement complémentaire 1 1.  In the case where the insulating material is between the two adjacent turns having the recess 10 and the complementary recess 11, the opening between the inside and the outside of the tube 2 comprises, when the coil is stressed, two passages formed by the insulating material and respectively the recess 10 and the complementary recess 1 1.
Un tel mode de réalisation est en particulier préféré lorsque la largeur des spires doit rester faible, ce qui permet de répartir la taille de l'ouverture sur deux spires adjacentes, et évite donc de trop fragiliser les spires au niveau des renfoncements. Dans ce cas, les renfoncements ménagés dans plusieurs spires adjacentes peuvent avantageusement présenter un décalage angulaire.  Such an embodiment is particularly preferred when the width of the turns must remain low, which allows to distribute the size of the opening on two adjacent turns, and therefore avoids too much weaken the turns at the recesses. In this case, the recesses formed in several adjacent turns may advantageously have an angular offset.
Dans l'exemple particulier de réalisation présenté à la figure 1 , la largeur de chaque spire 3 est constante ; toutefois, la largeur de tout ou partie des spires pourra être variable, la largeur de l'espace séparant deux spires adjacentes étant de préférence constante y compris au niveau des renfoncements.  In the particular embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the width of each turn 3 is constant; however, the width of all or part of the turns may be variable, the width of the space between two adjacent turns being preferably constant including the recesses.
Comme indiqué précédemment, les spires 3 sont de préférence formées dans un tube 2 globalement cylindrique par découpe suivant une ligne de découpe hélicoïdale 4. La découpe hélicoïdale 4 est obtenue suivant les équations paramétriques dans un système cartésien orthonormé ou l'axe Oz est confondu avec l'axe de révolution du tube 2 : As indicated above, the turns 3 are preferably formed in a generally cylindrical tube 2 by cutting along a helical cutting line 4. The helical cutout 4 is obtained according to the equations parametric in an orthonormal Cartesian system where the Oz axis coincides with the axis of revolution of the tube 2:
x = Rcos t , y = Rsin t , z = kt où k désigne une constante donnée strictement positive. R et t correspondent aux coordonnées cylindriques dans un plan OXOY.  x = Rcos t, y = Rsin t, z = kt where k denotes a given positive constant. R and t correspond to the cylindrical coordinates in an OXOY plane.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention tel qu'illustré à la figure 2, une pluralité de spires 3 de la bobine 1 comporte un bossage 5 s'étendant au droit d'un creux 6 de forme correspondante formé dans une spire 3 adjacente permettant de reprendre les efforts mécaniques induits par les couples électromagnétiques sur les spires 3 lorsqu'elles sont traversées par un courant de forte intensité. Comme précédemment, il est en outre prévu un renfoncement 10 dans l'arête de la spire 3 au niveau du profil en forme de bossage 5, et de manière optionnelle mais préférée, un renfoncement complémentaire 1 1 dans l'arête de la spire 3 au niveau du profil en forme de creux 6. Chaque renfoncement est formé dans le profil en forme de bossage d'une spire de manière à faire face au renfoncement complémentaire ménagé dans le profil en forme de creux de la spire adjacente. De cette manière, lorsque le bossage 5 s'étend au droit du creux 6 correspondant, les renfoncements (10,1 1 ) coopèrent pour former un passage ou canal entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube, celui-ci pouvant être utilisé pour le passage du fluide de refroidissement. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention as illustrated in Figure 2, a plurality of turns 3 of the coil 1 comprises a boss 5 extending in line with a recess 6 of corresponding shape formed in a turn 3 adjacent to recover the mechanical forces induced by the electromagnetic couples on the turns 3 when traversed by a high intensity current. As before, there is further provided a recess 10 in the edge of the turn 3 at the boss-shaped profile 5, and optionally but preferably a complementary recess 11 in the edge of the turn 3 to 6. Each recess is formed in the boss-shaped profile of a turn so as to face the complementary recess formed in the hollow-shaped profile of the adjacent coil. In this way, when the boss 5 extends to the right of the corresponding recess 6, the recesses (10, 1 1) cooperate to form a passage or channel between the inside and outside of the tube, which can be used for the passage of the cooling fluid.
Un tel agencement de bossage et de creux associés aux renfoncements dans chacune des spires est très avantageux pour compenser les déformations mécaniques d'origine thermique d'une part, et celles dues aux forces électromagnétiques. Cet effet combiné vient s'ajouter à l'effet initial des renfoncements en termes de régulation thermique.  Such an arrangement of bosses and recesses associated with the recesses in each of the turns is very advantageous for compensating the mechanical deformations of thermal origin on the one hand, and those due to electromagnetic forces. This combined effect adds to the initial effect of the recesses in terms of thermal regulation.
En outre, le fait de placer les renfoncements au niveau des bossages et creux est particulièrement avantageux puisque cela permet d'usiner lesdits renfoncements de manière concomitante avec les bossages et creux correspondants (par exemple par une méthode de découpe au fil par électroérosion), et ne vient donc pas complexifier le processus d'usinage de la bobine, tout en améliorant grandement les propriétés thermiques de ladite bobine.  In addition, the fact of placing the recesses at the bosses and recesses is particularly advantageous since it makes it possible to machine said recesses concomitantly with the corresponding bosses and recesses (for example by a wire cutting method by electroerosion), and does not come to complicate the machining process of the coil, while greatly improving the thermal properties of said coil.
Dans l'exemple particulier de réalisation présenté, tous les bossages 5 et les creux 6 des spires 3 sont globalement alignés le long d'une droite longitudinale.  In the particular embodiment shown, all the bosses 5 and the recesses 6 of the turns 3 are generally aligned along a longitudinal straight line.
Néanmoins, il est bien évident que les bossages 5 de deux spires adjacentes peuvent être décalés angulairement. La partie supérieure de la bobine 1 , arbitrairement représentée verticalement sur la figure 2, comporte une pluralité de bossages 5 et de creux 6 dont la concavité est orientée dans une même direction, vers l'extrémité inférieure de ladite bobine 1. Nevertheless, it is obvious that the bosses 5 of two adjacent turns can be angularly offset. The upper part of the coil 1, arbitrarily represented vertically in FIG. 2, comprises a plurality of bosses 5 and recesses 6, the concavity of which is oriented in the same direction towards the lower end of said coil 1.
Par ailleurs, la partie inférieure de la bobine 1 comporte également une pluralité de bossages 5 et de creux 6 dont la concavité est orientée dans une même direction, par exemple vers l'extrémité supérieure de ladite bobine 1 , opposée à la direction à l'orientation de la concavité des bossages 5 des spires 3 de la partie supérieure de ladite bobine.  Furthermore, the lower part of the coil 1 also comprises a plurality of bosses 5 and recesses 6 whose concavity is oriented in the same direction, for example towards the upper end of said coil 1, opposite the direction to the orientation of the concavity of the bosses 5 of the turns 3 of the upper part of said coil.
Il va de soi que la bobine 1 pourra ne comprendre qu'un seul bossage et un seul creux ou une pluralité de bossages et de creux sur une ou plusieurs spires, la concavité d'au moins un bossage pouvant présenter une orientation opposée à l'orientation de la concavité d'au moins un second bossage.  It goes without saying that the coil 1 may comprise only one boss and a single hollow or a plurality of bosses and recesses on one or more turns, the concavity of at least one boss may have an opposite orientation to the orientation of the concavity of at least one second boss.
Dans l'exemple de réalisation présenté, chaque bossage 5, et par conséquent chaque creux 6, présente une forme générale hémicirculaire ; toutefois, il est bien évident que chaque bossage 5 pourra présenter une forme quelconque telle qu'une forme triangulaire, carrée ou rectangulaire par exemple.  In the embodiment shown, each boss 5, and therefore each recess 6, has a generally semicircular shape; however, it is obvious that each boss 5 may have any shape such as a triangular shape, square or rectangular, for example.
La découpe hélicoïdale 4 est obtenue suivant les équations paramétriques dans un système orthonormé où l'axe Oz est confondu avec l'axe de révolution du tube 2 : x = Rcos f(t) , y = Rsin f(t) , z = k g(t) où R et k sont des constantes données strictement positives.  The helicoidal cut 4 is obtained according to the parametric equations in an orthonormal system where the axis Oz coincides with the axis of revolution of the tube 2: x = Rcos f (t), y = Rsin f (t), z = kg (t) where R and k are strictly positive data constants.
On notera que f(t) pourra être substituée par f(t,9) pour régler l'angle de la découpe suivant Oz dans un plan radial. Les bossages 5 et les creux 6 présenteront alors une forme globalement conique, c'est-à-dire que leurs bords ne seront pas perpendiculaires à l'axe de révolution du tube 2.  Note that f (t) may be substituted by f (t, 9) to adjust the angle of the cut along Oz in a radial plane. The bosses 5 and the recesses 6 will then have a generally conical shape, that is to say that their edges will not be perpendicular to the axis of revolution of the tube 2.
La fonction g(t) est de préférence une fonction trigonométrique de la forme par exemple : x = Rcos (t), y = Rsin (t)  The function g (t) is preferably a trigonometric function of the form for example: x = Rcos (t), y = Rsin (t)
z = t/(2*7t)*(1 +a*cos(4 t)) z = t / (2 * 7t) * (1 + a * cos (4 t))
Ainsi, la découpe hélicoïdale 4 forme des bossages 5 et des creux 6 dans les spires 3 par rapport à une découpe hélicoïdale de référence obtenue selon les équations paramétriques :  Thus, the helical cutout 4 forms bosses 5 and recesses 6 in the turns 3 with respect to a helical reference cut obtained according to the parametric equations:
x = Rcos t , y = Rsin t , z = kt où k est une constante donnée strictement positive.  x = Rcos t, y = Rsin t, z = kt where k is a strictly positive given constant.
On entend ici par bossage une partie saillante d'une spire 3 par rapport à une spire obtenue par une ligne de découpe hélicoïdale de référence. Selon une autre variante d'exécution la bobine conforme à l'invention, en référence aux figures 3 et 4, cette dernière est constituée de la même manière que précédemment d'un tube 2 globalement cylindrique dans lequel des spires 3 ont été formées par découpe suivant une ligne de découpe globalement hélicoïdale 4, lesdites spires comportant des bossages 5 et des creux 6 de formes correspondantes, un renfoncement étant en outre formée au niveau de chaque bossage et creux des spires. Dans l'exemple de réalisation présenté, lesdits bossages 5 et lesdits creux 6 présentent une forme trapézoïdale tandis que les renfoncements ont une forme rectangulaire. Here is meant by projection a projecting portion of a turn 3 with respect to a turn obtained by a helical reference cutting line. According to another variant embodiment the coil according to the invention, with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the latter is constituted in the same manner as previously of a generally cylindrical tube 2 in which turns 3 have been formed by cutting along a generally helical cut line 4, said turns having bosses 5 and recesses 6 of corresponding shapes, a recess being further formed at each boss and recesses of the turns. In the embodiment shown, said bosses 5 and said recesses 6 have a trapezoidal shape while the recesses have a rectangular shape.
La section des bossages 5 et des creux 6 peut décroître depuis la paroi extérieure vers la paroi intérieure du tube 3.  The section of the bosses 5 and recesses 6 may decrease from the outer wall to the inner wall of the tube 3.
Cette forme de bossages et de creux est particulièrement adaptée pour la mise en œuvre de spires fines et/ou pour le calage d'isolant.  This form of bosses and recesses is particularly suitable for the implementation of thin turns and / or for the insulation setting.
De plus, on notera que cette technique peut s'appliquer au design de bobines à densité de courant non uniforme.  In addition, it should be noted that this technique can be applied to the design of coils with non-uniform current density.
Par ailleurs, en référence à la figure 3, des plaques d'isolant telles que par exemple des plaques de fibre de verre pré-imprégnée dites « pre-preg », selon l'acronyme anglo-saxon « pre-impregnated » ou des feuilles d'isolants de type polyimide, peuvent être positionnées entre deux spires 3 adjacentes, lesdites plaques présentant de préférence une forme de section annulaire. Afin de permettre l'introduction de ces plaques d'isolant 7, les spires 3 sont écartées par tous moyens appropriés (figure 3). Ces plaques d'isolant 7 sont avantageusement constituées de plusieurs feuilles fines d'isolant 8 superposées, de préférence au moins trois feuilles fines d'isolant 8 superposées. De cette manière, l'isolant une fois comprimé, en référence à la figure 4, se conforme au dessin de la spire 3 sans casser. En effet, cette superposition de feuilles fines d'isolant 8 procure une diminution des contraintes internes à l'isolant. Par ailleurs, la feuille intermédiaire 8 n'est jamais en contact direct avec le métal ou le matériau supraconducteur des spires 3 assurant ainsi une sécurité électrique accrue.  Furthermore, with reference to FIG. 3, insulating plates such as, for example, pre-impregnated pre-preg fiberglass sheets, or the like, according to the English acronym "pre-impregnated" polyimide insulators may be positioned between two adjacent turns 3, said plates preferably having an annular sectional shape. In order to allow the introduction of these insulating plates 7, the turns 3 are spaced apart by any appropriate means (FIG. 3). These insulating plates 7 advantageously consist of several superimposed thin insulating sheets 8, preferably at least three superimposed insulating thin sheets 8. In this way, the insulation once compressed, with reference to Figure 4, conforms to the drawing of the coil 3 without breaking. Indeed, this superposition of thin sheets of insulation 8 provides a reduction of internal stresses to the insulator. Furthermore, the intermediate sheet 8 is never in direct contact with the metal or the superconducting material of the turns 3 thus ensuring increased electrical safety.
II est bien évident que les plaques d'isolant 7 pourront comprendre un nombre quelconque de feuilles 8 et qu'elles pourront être obtenues dans un matériau isolant quelconque sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention.  It is obvious that the insulating plates 7 may comprise any number of sheets 8 and that they may be obtained in any insulating material without departing from the scope of the invention.
Le positionnement du ou les renfoncements (10,1 1 ) ménagés au niveau des bossages 5 et creux 6 dans la zone comprenant les plaques d'isolant 8, est particulièrement avantageux puisque l'ouverture ménagée par ces renfoncements permet de garantir un transfert thermique dans cette zone, qui formerait dans le cas contraire un point chaud dans la bobine ce que l'on cherche à éviter pour pouvoir avoir une régulation thermique homogène. The positioning of the recess (10,1 1) formed at the bosses 5 and recess 6 in the zone comprising the insulating plates 8 is particularly advantageous since the opening formed by these recesses allows to guarantee a heat transfer in this zone, which would form in the opposite case a hot spot in the coil what is to be avoided to be able to have a homogeneous thermal regulation.
Il est par ailleurs à préciser que le calage de plaques d'isolants entre des bossages 5 et des creux 6 successifs peut permettre le passage de liquide de refroidissement entre deux zones comportant un bossage 5 et un creux 6 (figure 4). En effet, les plaques d'isolant viennent écarter les spires 3 formées dans le tube 2, créant ainsi des jours 9 entre deux zones comportant un bossage 5 et un creux 6, ces jours 9 permettant également une circulation d'un fluide de refroidissement entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube et inversement. Ledit liquide de refroidissement consistant par exemple dans de l'eau dans le cas d'aimants résistifs, ou dans de l'hélium ou de l'azote liquide dans le cas des matériaux supraconducteurs. Un tel agencement permet donc d'avoir une régulation thermique accrue, puisqu'elle est effectuée non seulement par les jours 9 ménagés entre les creux 6 et bossages 5, mais également au niveau des passages formés par les renfoncements (10,1 1 ).  It should also be noted that the setting of insulating plates between bosses 5 and successive recesses 6 can allow the passage of coolant between two zones having a boss 5 and a recess 6 (FIG. 4). Indeed, the insulating plates come away from the turns 3 formed in the tube 2, thus creating days 9 between two zones having a boss 5 and a recess 6, these days 9 also allowing a circulation of a cooling fluid between inside and outside the tube and vice versa. Said cooling liquid consisting for example in water in the case of resistive magnets, or in helium or liquid nitrogen in the case of superconducting materials. Such an arrangement therefore allows for increased thermal regulation, since it is performed not only by the days 9 formed between the recesses 6 and bosses 5, but also at the level of the passages formed by the recesses (10,1 1).
On expliquera maintenant le procédé de fabrication d'une bobine conforme à l'invention, en référence à la figure 5. We will now explain the method of manufacturing a coil according to the invention, with reference to FIG.
Dans une première étape 100, un modèle géométrique des spires est réalisé à l'aide d'un logiciel de conception assistée par ordinateur (CAO) tel que CATIA® ou Open Cascade commercialisé par la société Open Cascade SAS. Un maillage des spires 3 et du ou des bossages 5 et du ou des creux 6 correspondants, et des renfoncements (10,1 1 ) est réalisé, dans une étape 200, à partir du modèle CAO au moyen d'un logiciel adapté tel que, par exemple, le logiciel CATIA® ou un mailleur Ghs3d® de la société Distène, puis dans une étape 300, une simulation des échauffements thermiques et/ou des champs électromagnétiques et/ou du comportement mécanique correspondant au précédent maillage est réalisée. In a first step 100, a geometric model of the turns is carried out using a computer aided design (CAD) software, such as CATIA ® or Open Cascade marketed by Open Cascade SAS. A mesh of the turns 3 and the boss or bosses 5 and corresponding hollow or recesses 6, and recesses (10, 1) is produced, in a step 200, from the CAD model by means of a suitable software such as for example, the CATIA ® software or a mesher Ghs3d ® from the company Distene, then in a step 300, a simulation of thermal heating and / or electromagnetic fields and / or mechanical behavior corresponding to the previous mesh is performed.
Lesdits échauffements thermiques et/ou les champs électromagnétiques et/ou des déformations mécaniques obtenus par ce maillage sont comparés, dans une étape 400, avec un modèle dit de référence ne comportant pas de bossages et de creux, et/ou ne comportant pas de renfoncements. Des modifications peuvent être effectuées si nécessaire sur la géométrie des spires. La procédure est alors répétée jusqu'à obtenir un modèle adapté. Said thermal heating and / or electromagnetic fields and / or mechanical deformations obtained by this mesh are compared, in a step 400, with a so-called reference model having no bosses and hollows, and / or having no recesses. . Modifications can be made if necessary on the geometry of the turns. The procedure is then repeated until obtaining a suitable model.
La même procédure peut être utilisée pour l'optimisation des contraintes mécaniques. Les étapes 100 à 400 sont alors réitérés jusqu'à l'obtention d'un maillage présentant un échauffement thermique minimal et/ ou un champ magnétique homogène ou quasi homogène et/ou une minimisation des déplacements consécutifs aux chargements électromagnétiques et thermiques. The same procedure can be used for the optimization of mechanical stresses. The steps 100 to 400 are then repeated until a mesh is obtained having a minimum thermal heating and / or a homogeneous or almost homogeneous magnetic field and / or a minimization of the displacements consecutive to the electromagnetic and thermal loadings.
La courbe paramétrée correspondant à la découpe retenue ainsi déterminée est alors transmise à une machine de découpe numérique, qui procède à la découpe des spires 3, des bossages 5 et des creux 6, et des renfoncements (10,1 1 ) dans le tube 2, dans une étape 500. Lorsque les renfoncements (10,1 1 ) sont positionnés au niveau des bossages 5 et creux 6, leur découpe peut être faite en même temps que les découpes des bossages 5 et creux 6 correspondants ce qui est très avantageux en termes d'usinage.  The parameterized curve corresponding to the retained cut thus determined is then transmitted to a digital cutting machine, which cuts the turns 3, bosses 5 and recesses 6, and recesses (10, 1 1) in the tube 2. in a step 500. When the recesses (10, 1 1) are positioned at the bosses 5 and recesses 6, they can be cut at the same time as the cutouts of the bosses 5 and corresponding recesses 6, which is very advantageous in machining terms.
On observera que préalablement à l'étape de maillage 100, une étape de détermination du nombre de spires, de la largeur des spires et des dimensions du tube dont sa longueur, son épaisseur et son diamètre externe est opérée conformément aux enseignement de la publication « Magnet Calculations at the Grenoble High Magnetic Field Laboratory », Christophe Trophime, Konstantin Egorov, François Debray, Walter Joss and Guy Aubert, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY. VOL. 12, NO 1 , MARCH 2002.  It will be observed that prior to the mesh step 100, a step of determining the number of turns, the width of the turns and the dimensions of the tube whose length, thickness and external diameter is operated in accordance with the teaching of the publication " Magnet Calculations at the Grenoble High Magnetic Field Laboratory ", Christophe Trophime, Konstantin Egorov, Francois Debray, Walter Joss and Guy Aubert, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY. FLIGHT. 12, NO. 1, MARCH 2002.
Par ailleurs, on observera que les bossages 5 et les creux 6 coopèrent pour assurer un centrage des spires.  Furthermore, it will be observed that the bosses 5 and the recesses 6 cooperate to ensure a centering of the turns.
Il va de soi que le tube 2 pourra consister en un ensemble de tubes, ledit tube 2 ou l'ensemble de tubes étant formé de préférence dans un matériau conducteur et/ou supraconducteur massif. Alternativement, le tube 2 pourra consister en un tube support obtenu dans du cuivre ou de l'inox par exemple et sur lequel sont solidarisés, par soudure par exemple, des fils ou des câbles supraconducteurs. Le tube support muni des bossages 5 et des creux 6 et des renfoncements conformes à l'invention a alors une fonction de reprise des efforts électromagnétiques et une fonction de dissipation thermique en cas de "quench", c'est-a-dire de retour à l'état normal accidentel ou non de la partie supraconductrice.  It goes without saying that the tube 2 may consist of a set of tubes, said tube 2 or the set of tubes being preferably formed of a solid conducting and / or superconductive material. Alternatively, the tube 2 may consist of a support tube obtained in copper or stainless steel for example and on which are secured, for example by welding, son or superconducting cables. The support tube provided with the bosses 5 and recesses 6 and recesses according to the invention then has a function of recovery of the electromagnetic forces and a heat dissipation function in case of "quench", that is to say of return in the normal accidental state or not of the superconducting part.
Enfin, il est bien évident que les bobines décrites précédemment pourront trouver de nombreuses applications dans les domaines de la génération de champs magnétiques à des fins expérimentales, ou de l'imagerie à résonance magnétique nucléaire par exemple, et que les exemples que l'on vient de donner ne sont que des illustrations particulières en aucun cas limitatives quant aux domaines d'application de l'invention.  Finally, it is obvious that the coils described above can find many applications in the fields of the generation of magnetic fields for experimental purposes, or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, for example, and that the examples that we have just given are only particular illustrations in no way limiting as to the fields of application of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une bobine apte à générer un champ magnétique dit champ intense lorsqu'elle est traversée par un courant électrique comportant une étape de formation de spires dans un tube obtenu dans un matériau conducteur et/ou supraconducteur caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une étape de formation d'au moins un renfoncement dans une arête d'au moins une spire de ladite bobine, et une étape de positionnement d'un matériau isolant entre la spire comprenant le renfoncement et une spire adjacente, ledit renfoncement étant ménagé dans l'arête pour former avec le matériau isolant un passage entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube lorsque la bobine est contrainte. 1 - A method of manufacturing a coil capable of generating a magnetic field said intense field when traversed by an electric current comprising a step of forming turns in a tube obtained in a conductive material and / or superconducting characterized in that it comprises at least one step of forming at least one recess in an edge of at least one turn of said coil, and a step of positioning an insulating material between the turn comprising the recess and an adjacent turn, said recess being formed in the edge to form with the insulating material a passage between the inside and the outside of the tube when the coil is constrained.
2 - Procédé selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de formation d'au moins un renfoncement comprend la formation d'au moins un premier renfoncement dans une arête d'au moins une spire de ladite bobine et d'au moins un deuxième renfoncement dans une arête d'une spire adjacente de manière à ce que le premier renfoncement fasse face au deuxième renfoncement, les premier et deuxième renfoncements ménagés dans les spires adjacentes formant le passage entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube.  2 - Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the step of forming at least one recess comprises the formation of at least a first recess in an edge of at least one turn of said coil and at least one a second recess in an edge of an adjacent turn so that the first recess faces the second recess, the first and second recesses in the adjacent turns forming the passage between the inside and the outside of the tube.
3 - Procédé selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre la formation d'au moins un bossage sur la spire comprenant le premier renfoncement et la formation d'au moins un creux sur la spire comprenant le deuxième renfoncement de manière à ce que le bossage s'étende au droit dudit creux, permettant de reprendre les efforts mécaniques induits par les forces électromagnétiques et les forces mécaniques d'origine thermique.  3 - Method according to the preceding claim characterized in that it further comprises the formation of at least one boss on the turn comprising the first recess and the formation of at least one recess on the turn comprising the second recess so as to that the boss extends to the right of said hollow, to resume the mechanical forces induced by electromagnetic forces and mechanical forces of thermal origin.
4 - Procédé selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que le premier renfoncement est formé dans l'arête de la spire au niveau du profil en forme de bossage et le deuxième renfoncement est formé dans l'arête de la spire au niveau du profil en forme de creux.  4 - Process according to the preceding claim characterized in that the first recess is formed in the edge of the turn at the boss-shaped profile and the second recess is formed in the edge of the turn at the shaped profile. of hollow.
5 - Procédé selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que les formations du bossage et du premier renfoncement sont faites de manière concomitante, et en ce que les formations du creux et du deuxième renfoncement sont faites de manière concomitante.  5 - Process according to the preceding claim characterized in that the formations of the boss and the first recess are made concomitantly, and in that the formations of the recess and the second recess are made concomitantly.
6 - Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une étape préalable d'optimisation du ou des bossages et du ou des creux correspondants, et des renfoncements. 7 - Procédé selon la revendication 6 caractérisé en ce que l'étape d'optimisation consiste au moins dans les étapes suivantes de : 6 - Method according to one of claims 3 to 5 characterized in that it comprises a prior step of optimizing the boss or bosses and corresponding hollow or recesses, and recesses. 7 - Process according to claim 6 characterized in that the optimization step consists at least in the following steps of:
- détermination d'un maillage des spires, du ou des bossages et du ou des creux correspondants, et des renfoncements,  determining a mesh of the turns, the boss or bosses and the corresponding depression or recesses, and recesses,
- simulation des échauffements thermiques et/ou des champs électromagnétiques à partir du maillage,  - simulation of thermal overheating and / or electromagnetic fields from the mesh,
- comparaison des échauffements thermiques et/ou des champs électromagnétiques avec ceux d'un maillage dit de référence ne comportant pas de bossages et/ou ne comportant pas de renfoncements,  comparing thermal overheating and / or electromagnetic fields with those of a so-called reference grid having no bosses and / or having no depressions,
- comparaison des déplacements sous les chargements électromagnétiques et thermiques des spires avec ceux d'un modèle dit de référence ne comportant pas de bossages et/ou ne comportant pas de renfoncements.  - comparison of displacements under the electromagnetic and thermal loading of the turns with those of a so-called reference model having no bosses and / or not having recesses.
8 - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6 caractérisé en ce que les spires, les bossages et les creux correspondants, et les renfoncements sont formés par une découpe d'un tube cylindrique suivant une ligne de coupe globalement hélicoïdale.  8 - Process according to any one of claims 3 to 6 characterized in that the turns, bosses and corresponding recesses, and the recesses are formed by cutting a cylindrical tube along a generally helical cut line.
9 - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le matériau isolant est déposé dans la ligne de découpe entre deux spires adjacentes sous forme de plaques d'isolant (7) comprenant une pluralité de feuilles fines d'isolant (8) superposées.  9 - Process according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the insulating material is deposited in the cutting line between two adjacent turns in the form of insulating plates (7) comprising a plurality of thin sheets of insulation (8). ) superimposed.
10 - Bobine apte à générer un champ magnétique dit champ intense lorsqu'elle est traversée par un courant électrique, ladite bobine (1 ) comprenant au moins un tube (2) ou un ensemble de tubes obtenu dans un matériau conducteur et/ou supraconducteur et découpé suivant une ligne de découpe (4) pour former des spires (3), caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un matériau isolant comblant au moins partiellement la ligne de découpe (4), et en ce qu'au moins une spire (3) comporte au moins un renfoncement (10) formé dans une arête de ladite spire (3) en regard dudit matériau isolant, ledit renfoncement (10) formant avec le matériau isolant un passage entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube (2) lorsque la bobine est contrainte.  Coil capable of generating a magnetic field called an intense field when an electric current passes therethrough, said coil comprising at least one tube or a set of tubes obtained in a conducting and / or superconductive material and cut along a cutting line (4) to form turns (3), characterized in that it comprises an insulating material at least partially filling the cutting line (4), and in that at least one turn (3 ) comprises at least one recess (10) formed in an edge of said turn (3) facing said insulating material, said recess (10) forming with the insulating material a passage between the inside and the outside of the tube (2) when the coil is constrained.
1 1 - Bobine selon la revendication 10 caractérisée en ce qu'au moins une spire (3) comporte au moins un premier renfoncement (10) formé dans une arête de ladite spire et faisant face à un deuxième renfoncement (1 1 ) formé dans une arête d'une spire (3) adjacente, les premier (10) et deuxième (1 1 ) renfoncements ménagés dans les spires adjacentes formant le passage entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube (2). 12 - Bobine selon la revendication 1 1 caractérisée en ce que la spire (3) comprenant le premier renfoncement (10) comprend en outre au moins un bossage (5) s'étendant au droit d'un creux (6) de forme correspondante formé dans la spire (3) adjacente comprenant le deuxième renfoncement (1 1 ), les premier (10) et deuxième (1 1 ) renfoncements étant formés dans l'arête des spires (3) correspondantes au niveau du profil en forme de bossage (5) et de creux (6) respectivement. 1 - coil according to claim 10 characterized in that at least one turn (3) comprises at least one first recess (10) formed in an edge of said turn and facing a second recess (1 1) formed in a edge of one turn (3) adjacent, the first (10) and second (1 1) recesses in the adjacent turns forming the passage between the inside and the outside of the tube (2). 12 - coil according to claim 1 1 characterized in that the coil (3) comprising the first recess (10) further comprises at least one boss (5) extending in line with a hollow (6) of corresponding shape formed in the adjacent turn (3) comprising the second recess (1 1), the first (10) and second (1 1) recesses being formed in the edge of the corresponding turns (3) at the boss profile (5). ) and recesses (6) respectively.
13 - Bobine selon la revendication 12 caractérisée en ce que les bossages (5) adjacents d'une spire (3) sont décalés angulairement.  13 - coil according to claim 12 characterized in that the bosses (5) adjacent a turn (3) are angularly offset.
14 - Bobine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 ou 13 caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une pluralité de bossages (5) et de creux (6) dont la concavité est orientée dans une même direction.  14 - coil according to any one of claims 12 or 13 characterized in that it comprises a plurality of bosses (5) and recesses (6) whose concavity is oriented in the same direction.
15 - Bobine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 ou 13 caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une pluralité de bossages (5) et de creux (6) et en ce que la concavité d'au moins un bossage (5) présente une orientation opposée à l'orientation de la concavité d'au moins un second bossage (5).  15 - coil according to any one of claims 12 or 13 characterized in that it comprises a plurality of bosses (5) and recesses (6) and in that the concavity of at least one boss (5) has a orientation opposite the orientation of the concavity of at least one second boss (5).
16 - Bobine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 15 caractérisée en ce que chaque renfoncement (10,1 1 ) présente une forme générale hémicirculaire ou triangulaire ou carrée ou rectangulaire ou trapézoïdale.  16 - coil according to any one of claims 10 to 15 characterized in that each recess (10.1 1) has a generally semicircular or triangular or square or rectangular or trapezoidal shape.
17 - Bobine selon l'une des revendications 10 à 16 caractérisée en ce que les spires (3) comprennent plusieurs renfoncements, les renfoncements adjacents d'une spire (3) étant décalés angulairement.  17 - coil according to one of claims 10 to 16 characterized in that the turns (3) comprise a plurality of recesses, the adjacent recesses of a turn (3) being offset angularly.
18 - Bobine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 17 caractérisée en ce que le matériau isolant comprend une plaque d'isolant (7) ayant une pluralité de feuilles fines d'isolant (8) superposées.  18 - coil according to any one of claims 10 to 17 characterized in that the insulating material comprises an insulating plate (7) having a plurality of superimposed insulating thin sheets (8).
19 - Bobine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 18 caractérisée en ce qu'elle est obtenue dans un matériau supraconducteur massif.  19 - coil according to any one of claims 10 to 18 characterized in that it is obtained in a solid superconducting material.
20 - Bobine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 19 caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend en outre un ruban ou fil formé dans un matériau supraconducteur, ledit ruban ou fil étant fixé sur la face interne et/ou externe du tube (2).  20 - coil according to any one of claims 10 to 19 characterized in that it further comprises a ribbon or wire formed in a superconductive material, said ribbon or wire being fixed on the inner face and / or outer of the tube (2 ).
21 - Application de la bobine suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 20 à un aimant supraconducteur.  21 - Application of the coil according to any one of claims 10 to 20 to a superconducting magnet.
22 - Application de la bobine suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 20 à une bobine de gradient solénoïdale d'une machine à résonance magnétique nucléaire.  22 - Application of the coil according to any one of claims 10 to 20 to a solenoid gradient coil of a nuclear magnetic resonance machine.
EP11714783.5A 2010-04-19 2011-04-19 Improved coil capable of generating an intense magnetic field and method for manufacturing said coil Not-in-force EP2561521B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1052952A FR2959059A1 (en) 2010-04-19 2010-04-19 IMPROVED COIL FOR GENERATING AN INTENSE MAGNETIC FIELD AND PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
PCT/EP2011/056194 WO2011131645A1 (en) 2010-04-19 2011-04-19 Improved coil capable of generating an intense magnetic field and method for manufacturing said coil

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2561521A1 true EP2561521A1 (en) 2013-02-27
EP2561521B1 EP2561521B1 (en) 2018-05-30

Family

ID=43502079

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11714783.5A Not-in-force EP2561521B1 (en) 2010-04-19 2011-04-19 Improved coil capable of generating an intense magnetic field and method for manufacturing said coil

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US9275780B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2561521B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5913288B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101874652B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102934178B (en)
FR (1) FR2959059A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2011131645A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9786421B2 (en) * 2014-09-22 2017-10-10 Advanced Magnet Lab, Inc. Segmentation of winding support structures
CN112071583B (en) 2020-07-23 2021-11-05 中国科学院电工研究所 High-voltage isolation voltage-resistant planar transformer and high-voltage insulation method thereof

Family Cites Families (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2007484A (en) 1934-04-06 1935-07-09 Magnavox Co Sound reproducing apparatus
US2592802A (en) * 1948-09-07 1952-04-15 Gen Electric Co Ltd Electrical inductor
US3466743A (en) * 1965-07-02 1969-09-16 Gen Electric Spiral coil comprising a tubular blank with parallel,rectilinear cuts therein
GB1126966A (en) 1965-12-10 1968-09-11 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to superconducting magnets
JPS4939240B1 (en) * 1970-12-18 1974-10-24
JPS5612648B2 (en) 1972-08-23 1981-03-24
JPS5698804A (en) 1980-01-07 1981-08-08 Hitachi Ltd Coil for device of magnetic field generation
CA1224578A (en) 1983-12-12 1987-07-21 Youssef H. A/K/A Dableh Joseph H. Dableh Method of repositioning annular spacers in calandria structures, and apparatus therefor
JPS60257507A (en) 1984-06-04 1985-12-19 Inoue Japax Res Inc Manufacture of electromagnetic coil
JPH01207905A (en) * 1988-02-16 1989-08-21 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Superconducting coil
US4902995A (en) 1988-07-05 1990-02-20 General Electric Company Cable suspension system for cylindrical cryogenic vessels
JPH0383303A (en) 1989-08-28 1991-04-09 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst Magnetic-field generating coil
JP3083303B2 (en) 1989-12-07 2000-09-04 株式会社リコー Thermal recording paper
JPH03179711A (en) 1989-12-07 1991-08-05 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Method of evaluation of superconducting magnet
JPH0541117A (en) 1991-08-02 1993-02-19 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The Manufacture of ceramic superconductor
JPH0541117U (en) * 1991-11-08 1993-06-01 株式会社高岳製作所 Winding structure of transformer
JP3325355B2 (en) 1993-09-14 2002-09-17 株式会社東芝 Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and method of manufacturing gradient magnetic field coil
JP2737748B2 (en) 1996-06-21 1998-04-08 日本電気株式会社 Compound semiconductor bonding method
JPH1197270A (en) 1997-09-18 1999-04-09 Tdk Corp Flat-type coil and its manufacture
JP2007081254A (en) 2005-09-16 2007-03-29 Univ Of Tokyo Superconductive electromagnet and method for manufacturing the same
FR2892524B1 (en) 2005-10-26 2008-02-08 Commissariat Energie Atomique SOLENOIDAL GRADIENT COIL NMR MACHINE INCORPORATED INTO TUBES.
FR2923073A1 (en) * 2007-10-24 2009-05-01 Centre Nat Rech Scient COIL FOR GENERATING A MAGNETIC FIELD AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME.
EP2250652A1 (en) * 2008-02-18 2010-11-17 Advanced Magnet Lab, Inc. Helical coil design and process for direct fabrication from a conductive layer
JP3179711U (en) 2012-09-03 2012-11-15 泓記精密股▲分▼有限公司 Air pump with good airtightness

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2011131645A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2561521B1 (en) 2018-05-30
KR101874652B1 (en) 2018-08-02
US20130038331A1 (en) 2013-02-14
KR20130060182A (en) 2013-06-07
CN102934178B (en) 2016-05-04
US9275780B2 (en) 2016-03-01
JP2013529377A (en) 2013-07-18
WO2011131645A1 (en) 2011-10-27
JP5913288B2 (en) 2016-04-27
CN102934178A (en) 2013-02-13
FR2959059A1 (en) 2011-10-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2208209B1 (en) Coil capable of generating a magnetic field and method of manufacturing said coil
EP2710607B1 (en) Electrical heating device for heating a liquid, method for producing same, and use in the electrical simulation of nuclear fuel rods
EP2053646B1 (en) Method for vertical interconnection inside 3D electronic modules using vias
EP2803085B1 (en) Passive thermal management device
EP0462011A1 (en) Induction heating coil
EP2593804A1 (en) Compact superconducting magnet device
EP2561521B1 (en) Improved coil capable of generating an intense magnetic field and method for manufacturing said coil
EP4073916A1 (en) Superconducting pellet comprising a cavity and associated electrical machine
EP1662626A1 (en) New mounting method of a spark plug and bobbin assembly using a transmission of the tightning couple through the bobbin housing
EP1020101B1 (en) Particle accelerator cavity with reinforced supraconductive material, and method for making same
WO2014096011A1 (en) Electrical machine with superconducting coils
CA2920642A1 (en) Electromagnetic radiation detection device comprising an encapsulation structure with improved mechanical resistance
EP3465030A1 (en) Cryogenic device with compact exchanger
WO2022023486A1 (en) Nuclear fuel cladding element and method for manufacturing said cladding element
WO2017032669A1 (en) Assembly for an fnr-na-type nuclear reactor, with a housing provided with spacer plates with improved rigidity
EP3909712A1 (en) Method for manufacturing a heat exchanger comprising a temperature sensor
EP0141124B2 (en) Superconducting filaments for industrial frequencies
FR3017236B1 (en) PROCESS FOR PREPARING TUBULAR NUCLEAR FUEL ELEMENT AND TUBULAR NUCLEAR FUEL ELEMENT THUS OBTAINED
FR3114703A1 (en) Phase change material cooled electrical conductor and method of making same
FR3143827A1 (en) Nuclear reactor cooled with liquid metal or molten salt(s) integrating a residual power evacuation system (EPuR) through the primary reactor vessel, comprising a module of pivoting fins with passive or active triggering, located in the inter-tank space.
EP3262661B1 (en) Heat treatment of an electrical cable
LU86778A1 (en) DIVIDER-COLLECTOR OF A TOKAMAK-TYPE FUSION NUCLEAR REACTOR
EP0843318A1 (en) Spline arrangement for externally cooling containers for radioactive material
EP0382759A1 (en) Bobbin, magnet including such bobbin, imaging device by nmr comprising such a magnet and method for making such a magnet
CH212275A (en) A method of manufacturing an electrical resistance element and an electrical resistance element obtained by this process.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20121116

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R079

Ref document number: 602011048763

Country of ref document: DE

Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: H01F0006060000

Ipc: H01F0005020000

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: H01F 7/20 20060101ALI20171207BHEP

Ipc: H01F 6/04 20060101ALI20171207BHEP

Ipc: H01F 41/04 20060101ALI20171207BHEP

Ipc: H01F 6/06 20060101ALI20171207BHEP

Ipc: H01F 5/02 20060101AFI20171207BHEP

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20180214

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: DEBRAY, FRANCOIS

Inventor name: VIDAL, NADINE

Inventor name: TROPHIME, CHRISTOPHE

Inventor name: DUMAS, JEAN

Inventor name: PFISTER, ROLF

Inventor name: TUDELA, JEAN-MARC

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1004445

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20180615

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602011048763

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20180530

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180830

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180830

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180831

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 1004445

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20180530

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602011048763

Country of ref document: DE

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20190301

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20190415

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20190424

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20190424

Year of fee payment: 9

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20190430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190419

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190419

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181001

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20200430

Year of fee payment: 10

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602011048763

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200430

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200430

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201103

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20200419

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200419

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20110419

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180530