EP2556584A1 - Convertisseur de puissance électrique fixe - Google Patents

Convertisseur de puissance électrique fixe

Info

Publication number
EP2556584A1
EP2556584A1 EP10798146A EP10798146A EP2556584A1 EP 2556584 A1 EP2556584 A1 EP 2556584A1 EP 10798146 A EP10798146 A EP 10798146A EP 10798146 A EP10798146 A EP 10798146A EP 2556584 A1 EP2556584 A1 EP 2556584A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power converter
core
converter according
slots
electrical power
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10798146A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jorge AMORÓS ARGOS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2556584A1 publication Critical patent/EP2556584A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections

Definitions

  • This invention refers to static electric power converters, and more particularly relates to static electric power converters with a rotating magnetic field.
  • transformers conversion from AC to AC
  • autotransformers conversion from AC to AC wherein a part of a primary winding forms the secondary winding
  • a cycloconverter conversion from AC to AC of different frequency
  • inverters conversion from DC to AC
  • rectifiers conversion from AC to DC
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • transformers can be classified as an application of a magnetic circuit of a linear field, i.e., magnetic fields in which magnetic flow only has one spatial direction.
  • Another type of magnetic circuit is one that permits a rotating magnetic field.
  • US 5,717,586 discloses a converter based on a rotating magnetic field comprising a single winding.
  • This converter however has quite limited functionality.
  • EP0340800 discloses an electric power converter that is operable by means of a rotating magnetic field.
  • This converter comprises an inner cylindrical ferromagnetic core and an outer cylindrical ferromagnetic core, and an air gap arranged between them.
  • the primary windings may be wound on the inner core and the secondary windings may be wound on the outer core.
  • the air gap is presumably provided for reducing harmonic distortions, but the presence of an air gap between the two cores may lead to a poor performance of the converter.
  • It is an object of the present invention to provide a converter that at least partially resolves one or more of the aforementioned problems.
  • Another objective of this invention is to provide a multi-functional converter, i.e., one that converts magnitude and/or phase and/or frequency between systems, with improvements in wave quality.
  • the invention provides a static electric power converter with a rotating magnetic field comprising a substantially continuous ferromagnetic core of substantially circular cross-section, a primary electrical system and a secondary electrical system, the primary electrical system having two or more primary coils provided by winding a conductor on the core through slots arranged in the core, the secondary electric system having one or more secondary coils provided by winding a conductor on the core through slots arranged in the core.
  • the invention provides a power converter that may be used for AC to AC conversion of the same or different magnitude and/or phase, and (with a suitable electronic commutating system) may be used for AC to AC conversion of different frequency, AC to DC conversion, DC to AC conversion etc. of high performance.
  • the commutating system may generally be less complicated and therefore cheaper than in linear magnetic field converters.
  • ferromagnetic is used in the broad sense of the term covering materials which exhibit ferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism and antiferromagnetism.
  • the power converter may be an autotransformer, the primary coils also serving as secondary coils.
  • the power converter is a galvanically isolated converter (having separate primary and secondary coils).
  • the ferromagnetic core may be substantially cylindrical. A substantially circular cross-section of a core is preferable for improved functioning of a rotating magnetic field.
  • the angular separation between all the slots is substantially the same.
  • the distance between the various slots may thus be constant in these embodiments.
  • the core may have a substantially circular cross- section of a first diameter, the slots extending in a radial direction between an inner second diameter and an outer third diameter and are arranged such that the distance between neighbouring slots is substantially constant along the radial extension of the slots.
  • the slots are of substantially triangular cross-section, the triangles having a curved base.
  • magnetic saturation may be reached simultaneously in various points, thus optimizing the performance of the converter.
  • the third diameter may be between approximately 50% and 80% of the first diameter, and the second diameter is between approximately 10% and 40% of the first diameter.
  • a single integral core may be provided.
  • the core may comprise a first partial core of substantially cylindrical cross-section, and one or more annular partial cores arranged around the first partial core, forming a substantially continuous core.
  • the core may comprise a first partial core of substantially cylindrical cross-section, and one or more partial annular cores of annular cross-section arranged around said first partial core, wherein at least one substantially annular gap is provided between the first partial core and an annular core or between two of said annular cores, and wherein said annular gap comprises a magnetically doped substance, thus forming a substantially continuous core.
  • one or more ferromagnetic bridges crossing an annular gap and connecting partial cores may be provided.
  • a substantially continuous core within the scope of this description is to be understood as encompassing embodiments with a single core, a plurality of cores without an air gap and arrangements with an air gap between a core and an annular core around it comprising a magnetically doped substance.
  • Such a substantially continuous core improves the performance of the converter.
  • a single core may furthermore reduce the manufacturing cost of the converter.
  • primary and secondary coils may be provided in the same slots. For example, an inner portion of a slot may be occupied by a primary coil whereas an outer portion of a slot may be occupied by a secondary coil (or vice versa).
  • each of the slots may be occupied either by a primary coil or by a secondary coil.
  • only a single secondary coil may be provided.
  • a plurality of secondary coils may be provided. For many applications, it may be preferable to provide a high number of secondary coils in that the wave quality may be improved.
  • the secondary electrical system may be a polyphase system, each phase having a plurality of secondary coils, and each of the phases being arranged substantially in circle sections of the core.
  • the rotating magnetic flux may continuously cause the same electrical currents in each of the phases with a time delay.
  • the coils of a certain phase do not need to be provided in diametrically opposite slots; instead at least some coils may be provided in opposite slots by straight (non-diagonal) winding of an electrical conductor. This way, a relatively easy method of manufacturing a polyphase system is provided.
  • the primary electrical system may be a polyphase system, each phase having a plurality of primary coils, and each of the phases being arranged substantially in circle sections of the core.
  • proper commutation system involving e.g. inverters and/or rectifiers may be provided for adapting the converter to a specific purpose.
  • a converter particularly adapted for converting DC to AC may be provided.
  • a converter particularly adapted for converting AC to DC may be provided.
  • AC to AC conversion of different magnitude, frequency or phase may be provided.
  • a commutation system may be provided that may be controlled to select a type of conversion from various possible conversions.
  • more than one secondary electrical system may be provided, each secondary electrical system comprising one or more secondary coils.
  • the invention provides a static electric power converter with a rotating magnetic field comprising a core of substantially circular cross- section of a first diameter, a primary electrical system and a secondary electrical system, the primary electrical system having two or more primary coils provided by winding a conductor on the core through slots arranged in the core, the secondary electric system having one or more secondary coils provided by winding a conductor on the core through slots arranged in the core, the slots extending in a radial direction between an inner second diameter and an outer third diameter and are arranged such that the distance between neighbouring slots is substantially constant along the radial extension of the slots.
  • the invention provides a static electric power converter with a rotating magnetic field comprising a ferromagnetic core of substantially circular cross-section, a primary electrical system and a secondary electrical system, the primary electrical system having two or more primary coils comprising a conductor wound on the core through slots arranged in the core, the secondary electric system having one or more secondary coils comprising a conductor wound on the core through slots arranged in the core, wherein the core comprises a first partial core of substantially cylindrical cross- section, and one or more partial annular cores of annular cross-section arranged around said first partial core, wherein at least one substantially annular gap is provided between the first partial core and an annular core or between two of said annular cores, and wherein said annular gap comprises a magnetically doped substance, thus forming a substantially continuous core.
  • Figure 1 a is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 1 b shows an embodiment of a pair of slots around which two coils are formed according to an aspect of the invention
  • Figure 1 c illustrates various ways of winding coils around slots according to different aspects of the invention
  • Figure 1 d illustrates a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 1 e schematically illustrates yet another embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the invention of a three-phase rotating magnetic field converter with three magnetic nuclei according to a further embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows an enlarged view of a quarter of a three-phase rotating magnetic field converter according to another embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a converter according to yet another embodiment of the present invention
  • Figures 5a - 5b show two cross-sectional views of a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 6a - 6b show a front view of two slots which may be used in embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIGS 7a - 7d illustrate various embodiments of the invention with different commutation systems.
  • Figure 1 a shows a cross-sectional view of a static electric converter according to a first embodiment.
  • a cylindrical ferromagnetic core 10 is provided having a plurality of slots 1 1 . Coils are formed by conductors wound around the core and through substantially opposite slots 1 1 (see also the bottom of figure 1 ).
  • sector 21 a five slots are defined.
  • sector 21 b five opposite slots are arranged.
  • a coil is formed by a conductor wound around the core, entering one of the five slots in sector 21 a (indicated with "x") and exiting a corresponding slot in sector 21 b.
  • the substantially diametrically opposite sectors 21 a and 21 b e.g. 5 coils can be formed.
  • five coils may be provided in sectors 22a and 22b and sectors 23a and 23b respectively.
  • each of the sectors may be connected to each other to form a single winding.
  • Each of the sectors may thus be reserved in this embodiment to a phase of a tri-phase primary system.
  • a rotating magnetic flux will be established in core 10.
  • the slots 1 1 may be provided only for primary coils and secondary coils may be provided around other non-shown slots.
  • the cylindrical core 10 may be formed by a plurality of plates 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d etc. fastened together.
  • Figure 1 b illustrates an alternative shape of a slot and an alternative way of arranging primary and secondary coils.
  • pairs of slots are shared by primary and secondary coils.
  • pairs of slots may be used only for primary coils, whereas other slots may be reserved only for secondary coils.
  • alternative shapes may be used for the slots.
  • Triangular slots such as illustrated in figure 1 b, may have certain advantages in embodiments of the invention which will be explained particularly with reference to figure 2.
  • Figure 1 c illustrates alternative ways of winding coils.
  • coils may be formed by winding a conductor around diametrically opposite slots (slots a and a', b and b' and c and c'). This option is illustrated on the bottom left of figure 1 c.
  • the coils may be formed by winding a conductor around opposite slots which are not necessarily diametrically opposite (slots a and c', b and b' and c and a'). This option is illustrated on the bottom right of figure 1 c. This second option may be easier to manufacture, especially when larger number of slots are used.
  • Figure 1 d partially illustrates an alternative embodiment of an electric power converter. Only a number of slots is shown in this embodiments. Coils of a primary first phase may be formed in sectors 41 a and 41 b. Coils of a secondary first phase may be provided in sectors 51 a and 51 b and coils of a second primary phase may be provided in sectors 42a and 42b. In all these cases, either of the options of winding described with reference to figure 1 c may be used. A rotating magnetic field may be caused by the primary coils, thus exciting electricity in the secondary coils. In the particular embodiment shown in figure 1 d, a phase displacement between the primary and secondary electrical systems may arise.
  • Figure 1 e illustrates a comparison of embodiments with different number of poles. From top to bottom, two, four and eight poles are depicted. In all of them, a single phase is shown. In case of two poles, just one coil is needed and two slots. In general, the higher the number of poles, the higher the number of coils and slots have to be. Having a higher number of poles per coil will also affect the routing of the coils not being substantially opposite. Multipole machines may thus be built in this manner affecting the number of coils and routing for each phase and system. In general however, bipolar machines may show the best performance.
  • Figure 2 schematically illustrates another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the converter shown in figure 2 comprises a solid inner partial ferromagnetic core 103, and a substantially annular solid partial ferromagnetic core 101 .
  • An air gap 102 is provided between the central core 103 and annular core 101 .
  • the air gap 102 may be filled with a magnetically doped substance so as to form a substantially continuous core.
  • a plurality of radially extending slots 104 of substantially triangular cross- section (but with a circular base) is provided. Coils may be formed by winding a conductor through opposite slots.
  • the inner magnetic core 103 and the outer magnetic core 101 may be made of e.g. silicone steels.
  • the cores may thus have high permeability, high saturation and low hysteresis losses.
  • Other possible materials for the cores include e.g. ferrites, iron powder and magnetic composites.
  • the magnetically doped substance may be iron powder, which may e.g. have a high resistivity, high saturation and low permeability.
  • the windings, which comprise electrical conductors, may be insulated using conventional methods.
  • a substantially cylindrical core may be formed by stacking a plurality of plates of cross-section such as shown in figure 2.
  • the thickness of the plurality of plates may be e.g. between 0.35 - 0.5 mm.
  • the plurality of plates may be held together by fasteners arranged in central orifices 106 and/or edge orifices 105.
  • the core has a substantially circular cross-section of first diameter D1 (distance between 107 and 108).
  • the radially extending triangular slots extend between an inner second diameter D2 (distance between 1 1 1 and 1 12) and an outer third diameter D3 (distance between 109 and 1 10).
  • a preferred slot form and slot distribution ensures a constant distance in the radial direction between the slots.
  • a triangle with a substantially curved base may be chosen. The curvature of the base may correspond to an arc of a circle having diameter D3 (distance between 109 and 1 10).
  • FIG. 6a Such a shape of the slots 104 that leads to improved performance is shown in figure 6a, i.e. a shape similar to a triangle with a curved base 504 and with straight legs 502 and 503 intersecting in a vertex with an acute angle.
  • the base 504 may be a circular arc.
  • FIG. 6b Another preferred embodiment of a slot is shown in figure 6b.
  • a generally similar triangular shape may be provided for a slot having straight legs 51 1 and 513.
  • the base 514 may be straight and the triangle may be truncated and comprise a shorter base line 515 opposite to base 514.
  • This kind of slot may be easier to manufacture than the slot in figure 6a, while still maintaining good overall performance.
  • hybrid forms of the slots shown in figures 6a - 6b may also be used (i.e. straight base and not truncated or truncated and curved base).
  • D2 may be between 10% and 40% of D1 and D3 may be between 50% and 80% of D1 .
  • the primary and secondary windings of this machine may thus be arranged substantially in the same way as in a bipolar three-phase induction motor, i.e., each one of the three windings (a winding being formed by several connected coils) occupies one third of the angular arc, with the primary and secondary windings grouped while sharing the same slots 104.
  • the converter in this embodiment comprises a solid inner magnetic core 201 , a solid outer annular magnetic core 204, and two middle annular magnetic cores 202 and 207. Radially extending triangular slots 208 housing coils 203 are further provided.
  • the annular core 202 comprises a plurality of ferromagnetic bridges 205 and the space between the bridges may be occupied by a magnetically doped substance, such that the core as a whole is substantially continuous.
  • the dimensions of the bridges and the clearances 206 between the core 202 and slots 208 may in embodiments be chosen such that simultaneous early magnetic saturation occurs in the bridges 205 and clearances 206.
  • a third embodiment is shown in figure 4, wherein a converter comprises a partial inner ferromagnetic core 302, and a partial outer annular ferromagnetic core 301 . No air gap is provided between the partial cores, thus forming substantially a single continuous core.
  • hexagonal slots 303 wherein the coils are housed are provided.
  • the partial cores may be of the same or different magnetic permeability.
  • the converter comprises a single magnetic core 401 and a plurality of triangular slots 403 wherein a plurality of coils may be housed.
  • triangular slots have the advantage of a constant distance between the slots along the length of the slot. It will however be clear that also in this embodiment, different numbers of slots and different slot configurations may be applied.
  • each slot may be divided in three sectors; a first sector 403a houses the primary windings, a second sector 403b houses a first layer of a secondary winding and a third sector 403c houses a second layer of a secondary winding.
  • FIG 5b a first phase of the primary electrical system and a first phase of the secondary electrical system are shown.
  • area 405a a first side of a first phase of the primary winding is shown and in area 407a, a first side of a first phase of the secondary winding is shown.
  • a primary phase winding occupies 8 (out of 24) slots and a secondary phase winding occupies 4 (out of 48) slot sectors.
  • a three-phase electrical system may thus be used as an input and the output may be a twelve-phase electrical system. Maintaining the same arrangement of core and slots of figures 5a and 5b, different arrangement of coils may be chosen and may be designed for a specific purpose or specific implementation.
  • Figures 7a - 7d schematically illustrate embodiments of static electric power converters according to the present invention with different commutation systems.
  • FIG. 7a illustrates an implementation in which AC may be converted to AC of the same frequency, but e.g. different voltage.
  • Primary electrical system 610 comprises an AC source.
  • the AC is converted by converter 600 into three-phase AC 620.
  • three secondary windings comprise output points 621 , 622 and 623. To each of these outputs, a phase of the secondary electrical system may be connected.
  • the output AC 620 may be of different or same phase as input AC 610.
  • Figure 7b illustrates an implementation in which AC may be converted to DC.
  • the primary electrical system comprises an AC source 710.
  • Converter 700 is used to convert AC power to polyphase AC 715.
  • Each phase of the polyphase AC is connected to an output point 71 1 of a winding of converter 700.
  • the polyphase AC 715 is connected to a rectifier comprising series of diodes 730 so that DC power 720 may be obtained.
  • Figure 7c illustrates an implementation in which DC from a DC source 810 may be converted to three-phase AC 820 by using a static electric power converter 800 according to the present invention.
  • a series of switches 805 are provided which selectively connect the DC source to different input points 81 1 of primary windings of the converter 800.
  • Output points 821 , 822 and 823 of respectively a first, second and third secondary winding may be connected to three phases of three-phase AC 820.
  • Figure 7d illustrates an implementation in which three-phase AC 910 may be converted using a converter 900 according to an embodiment of the present invention to three-phase AC 920 of a different frequency.
  • a number of switches 925 is provided which selectively may connect a different phase of the three-phase output AC 920 to different connection points 921 , 922 and 923 of respectively a first phase, second phase and third phase of three-phase AC provided by converter 900.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un convertisseur de puissance électrique fixe doté d'un champ magnétique rotatif comprenant un noyau ferromagnétique sensiblement continu doté d'une coupe transversale sensiblement circulaire, un système électrique primaire et un système électrique secondaire, le système électrique primaire étant pourvu de deux bobines primaires ou plus obtenues en enroulant un conducteur sur le noyau à travers des fentes disposées dans le noyau, le système électrique secondaire étant pourvu d'une ou de plusieurs bobines secondaires obtenues en enroulant un conducteur sur le noyau à travers des fentes disposées dans le noyau.
EP10798146A 2010-04-06 2010-12-29 Convertisseur de puissance électrique fixe Withdrawn EP2556584A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201000457A ES2374231B1 (es) 2010-04-06 2010-04-06 Circuito magnético del conversor eléctrico universal.
PCT/EP2010/070897 WO2011124285A1 (fr) 2010-04-06 2010-12-29 Convertisseur de puissance électrique fixe

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2556584A1 true EP2556584A1 (fr) 2013-02-13

Family

ID=44356248

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10798146A Withdrawn EP2556584A1 (fr) 2010-04-06 2010-12-29 Convertisseur de puissance électrique fixe

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2556584A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2374231B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011124285A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015200723A1 (de) * 2015-01-19 2016-07-21 Efficient Energy Gmbh Spulenarray
RU170077U1 (ru) * 2016-02-02 2017-04-13 Евгений Николаевич Коптяев Обратимый преобразователь

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5771275A (en) * 1980-10-22 1982-05-04 Toshiba Corp Device for polyphase multiple inverter
US4870558A (en) 1988-05-06 1989-09-26 Luce John W Moving magnetic field electric power converter
US5717586A (en) 1994-08-08 1998-02-10 Luce; John W. Single winding power converter
US20050030140A1 (en) * 2000-04-03 2005-02-10 Mikael Dahlgren Multiphase induction device
US7403081B2 (en) * 2006-10-27 2008-07-22 Harris Corporation Broadband hybrid junction and associated methods

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2011124285A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2374231B1 (es) 2013-02-11
ES2374231A1 (es) 2012-02-15
WO2011124285A1 (fr) 2011-10-13

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