EP2556330B1 - Dispositif de déclenchement d'avalanche - Google Patents

Dispositif de déclenchement d'avalanche Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2556330B1
EP2556330B1 EP11717706.3A EP11717706A EP2556330B1 EP 2556330 B1 EP2556330 B1 EP 2556330B1 EP 11717706 A EP11717706 A EP 11717706A EP 2556330 B1 EP2556330 B1 EP 2556330B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enclosure
support
intended
bearing part
fastened
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11717706.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2556330A1 (fr
Inventor
Bruno Farizy
Jean-Marc Neuville
Philippe Berthet-Rambaud
Pascal Roux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technologie Alpine De Securite - TAS
Technologie Alpine de Securite TAS SA
Original Assignee
Technologie Alpine De Securite - TAS
Technologie Alpine de Securite TAS SA
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Publication of EP2556330A1 publication Critical patent/EP2556330A1/fr
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Publication of EP2556330B1 publication Critical patent/EP2556330B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for triggering avalanches and in particular avalanches of snow.
  • Such a device is used to trigger avalanches in locations where the accumulation of snow could lead to major avalanche risks endangering property or people, particularly in connection with the existence of transport infrastructure, ski areas, inhabited areas or mining areas.
  • a first technique is to have explosive charges placed by an operator at the precise place where you want to trigger the avalanche. This placement can be done from a helicopter by launch, or from the ground, the load can then be deposited, dragged or launched at the appropriate place. The firing of the charge, in both cases, is generally obtained by slow wick or electrically.
  • Remote triggering techniques use military weapons such as rocket launchers or shells to cause an onsite explosion.
  • This type of device is not adapted to certain laws, such as French law, which prohibit the storage of charges initiated.
  • the device known under the trade name CATEX uses an explosive conveying cable system passing over one or more avalanche corridors.
  • This type of solution if it makes it possible to limit the risks linked to the movement on the scene of the triggering of the avalanche, brings no solution concerning the handling and the storage of explosives.
  • This device requires, moreover, the expensive installation of a system of pylons supporting the carrier cable, this over distances that can be very large.
  • One way to reduce the risks associated with the handling of explosives is the use of explosive gases to generate a shock wave to trigger the avalanche.
  • the resulting shock wave then shakes the snowpack and trigger an avalanche.
  • the main advantage of these devices is to be used on previously unprepared areas and this without any manipulation of explosive.
  • the disadvantages remain those inherent to the use of the helicopter, namely the operating costs which remain important and the impossibility of intervening in bad weather.
  • Another type of device is the one known under the name GAZEX.
  • GAZEX This type of device, described in the document FR 2,636,729 , comprises a closed bottom exploded tube mounted on a concrete support and whose opening is directed towards the snowpack.
  • a gas circuit is used to fill the exploding tube with oxidizing gas and fuel gas which an ignition device, advantageously mounted at the rear of the exploder tube, allows to ignite.
  • the shock wave of the resulting explosion is then directed, through the opening of the tube, towards the snowpack triggering the avalanche.
  • This type of device includes a sufficient gas reserve for one season installed in an adjacent technical room and a remotely controlled firing system, which allow it to obtain, among other advantages, a complete autonomy and to offer security perfect for the operator.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these disadvantages.
  • the technical problem underlying the invention therefore consists in providing an avalanche triggering device which, having the qualities of a fixed installation such as the GAZEX, requires a less expensive installation and allows easier maintenance.
  • an energy-autonomous avalanche triggering device the removable enclosure of which carries the gas storage means, and the firing means, by dismantling the enclosure of its support, make it possible to deport all the operations of maintenance and reloading on a site more accessible than the one where the device is installed.
  • the enclosure can be dismantled from its support which limits the visual nuisance on the site of exploitation.
  • the arrangement of the gas storage means on the enclosure and not in a remote technical room also reduces the installation costs of such a device.
  • the device is very simple, since the inner face of the enclosure forms both the chamber for receiving the explosive gas mixture and the mounting means of the enclosure on the support.
  • the inner face of the enclosure has a generally frustoconical shape
  • the support comprises a foot anchored in the ground whose upper end is equipped with a support piece of the enclosure comprising a crown-shaped base to from which extends upwards a frustoconical portion of the same conicity as the inner wall of the enclosure.
  • a support piece having a crown-shaped base on which extends a frustoconical portion of the same taper as the enclosure allows a stable installation of the speaker ensuring a perfect hold of the enclosure on the support.
  • the upper part of the support piece comprises several convergent upright amounts whose lower ends are fixed on the crown-shaped base.
  • the use of amounts for the frustoconical portion of the support piece allows to obtain a support of the enclosure on all or part of the height of the enclosure while providing a lightweight structure.
  • the support piece comprises means for guiding the enclosure such as pads or rollers.
  • guiding means such as pads or wheels allows, during the installation of the enclosure on the support, to guide it avoiding the intervention of an operator near the support during this surgery.
  • this equipment including in particular the gas storage means such as at least one hydrogen bottle and at least one oxygen cylinder, means for filling the enclosure with gas, such as expansion valves and solenoid valves, control means, such as a microcontroller, electrical energy storage equipment, such as batteries and firing means, a protective shell being provided around.
  • the gas storage means such as at least one hydrogen bottle and at least one oxygen cylinder
  • means for filling the enclosure with gas such as expansion valves and solenoid valves
  • control means such as a microcontroller
  • electrical energy storage equipment such as batteries and firing means
  • a protective shell being provided around.
  • the arrangement of the functional equipment of the device such as, for example, the gas bottles, the filling means and the electrical energy storage equipment, on the removable enclosure of the device makes it possible to perform their maintenance on a site more accessible than the one where the device is installed
  • the functional equipment is fixed on the outer face of the enclosure by means of damping supports.
  • the device comprises a security system, such as an electrical contact, controlling the firing means and the filling means so as to render them inoperative when the enclosure is not installed on the support.
  • a security system such as an electrical contact
  • Such a security system allows a secure transport of the enclosure between the maintenance site and the installation site of the device since blocking any possibility of triggering the explosion when the enclosure is not properly installed on its support.
  • the device comprises a vibratory measurement system, such as an accelerometer or a seismometer.
  • a vibratory measurement system such as an accelerometer or a seismometer.
  • Such a vibratory measurement system provides a means of checking the triggering of the explosion when using the device.
  • the enclosure is equipped with means for attaching a sling of a transport vehicle such as a helicopter, the means for fastening the sling comprising, on the one hand, a ring of flattened shape attached to the upper end of the enclosure and, on the other hand, a fastening device which, intended to be fastened to the end of the sling, , comprises an opening hook located in the center of a conical envelope, whose upper end has an oblong opening complementary to the shape of the ring.
  • Such fastening means of a sling make it possible to attach the enclosure to the sling equipping a transport vehicle, such as a helicopter, without direct intervention by an operator on the site. Such a possibility makes it possible to secure this operation, which can be dangerous for a ground operator because of the weight of the enclosure.
  • the support piece is pivotally mounted on the support foot.
  • the support comprises means for adjusting the inclination of the support piece relative to the foot so as to adjust the arrangement of the opening of the enclosure relative to the snowpack.
  • Such a pivoting mounting of the support piece makes it possible to obtain the appropriate inclination of the enclosure and therefore of its opening relative to the snowpack to best guide the shock wave of the explosion in order to trigger the explosion. an avalanche by the device.
  • the support comprises on its periphery locating means for guiding a helicopter during the installation or dismantling of the enclosure on the support.
  • Such bodies allow the helicopter pilot coming either to carry out the installation of the enclosure, or the recovery of the enclosure to perform a maintenance operation, to identify the support and thus place the enclosure on the support or the fixing device on the attachment means present on the enclosure quickly without a long locating operation.
  • the device is made energetically autonomous by means of energy production, such as solar panels or a wind turbine.
  • the figure 1 is a side view of a mountain side 1 equipped with an avalanche triggering device 2 according to the invention, during the installation of the enclosure 3 on a support 4.
  • a device 2 comprises an enclosure 3 mounted on a support 4 intended to be fixed on the mountainside 1.
  • the device 2 further comprises gas storage means 5,6, means for filling the chamber with an explosive gas mixture 7, means firing arranged to trigger the explosion of said mixture, a remote communication system disposed in a housing 8 and electrical energy storage means 9.
  • the support comprises a substantially vertical foot 10 fixed on the side of the mountain 1 by means of a base 11.
  • This base 11 can be fixed on a concrete base.
  • the upper end of this foot 10 is equipped with a support piece 12 of the enclosure comprising a base 13 in the form of a ring from which extends upwards a frustoconical portion 14 of the same conicity as the wall Inside the enclosure 3.
  • the support piece 12 is pivotally mounted on the foot 10 by means of an axis 15.
  • the connection of the support piece 12 on the foot 10 also comprises adjustment means 16 of the inclination such as, for example, screw jacks 16.
  • These jacks 16 have one of their ends connected to the foot 10 and the second to the periphery of the base 13 of the support piece 12. They form additional supports for the support piece 12 on the foot 10.
  • the inclination of the support piece 12 can be adjusted by changing the length of the screw jacks 16.
  • the frustoconical portion 14 of the support piece 12 comprises three upwardly convergent uprights 17 whose lower ends are fixed on the base 13 in the form of a ring. These three amounts are equipped with a plurality of rollers 18 whose axes of rotation are perpendicular to the uprights 17 of the support piece 12 and tangential to the conical envelope of the frustoconical portion 13.
  • rollers 18 whose axes of rotation are perpendicular to the uprights 17 of the support piece 12 and tangential to the conical envelope of the frustoconical portion 13.
  • the support may be equipped with tracking devices intended for guiding a helicopter during the installation or dismantling of the enclosure 3 on the support 4. These devices allow the helicopter pilot to when approaching the support 4, to locate the support 4.
  • the support 4 can also be equipped with steps feet, allowing, if necessary, an operator to come unhook / hook the speaker 3 during his installation / disassembly vis-a-vis the support 4.
  • the enclosure 3 is a metal enclosure 3 of generally frustoconical shape, the base 19 is open. This base 19 open is intended, when the enclosure 3 is installed on the support 4, to be turned towards the snowpack.
  • This enclosure 3 supports on its outer face the functional equipment 5, 6, 7, 9 of the device such as the gas storage 5, 6 and the control means disposed in the same housing 8 as the remote communication system. It also has on its upper part 20 fastening means 21 for a sling 22 of a transport vehicle such as a helicopter.
  • the enclosure further comprises a protective shell 23 disposed around the enclosure and the functional equipment of the device.
  • the functional equipment 5, 6, 7, 9 of the device comprise the gas storage means 5, 6 of a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas, such as a hydrogen bottle 5 and an oxygen cylinder 6 , the gas distribution means 7 which, being connected to the gas storage means 5, 6, may be regulators and solenoid valves, ignition means of the gas mixture obtained by the distribution means 7, such as by for example, a piezoelectric system of a candle, a device for creating a spark or a heating resistor, control means, such as a microcontroller, which controls the distribution means 7 and the firing means, a long-distance communication system generally using mobile telephony or radio, measuring systems, safety equipment and a set of batteries 9.
  • This set of equipment 5, 6, 7, 9 is arranged on damping supports on the outside of the enclosure to limit the consequences of explosions on the gas circuit and the electrical circuit.
  • the protective shell 23 is installed around all the functional equipment 5, 6, 7, 9 disposed around the enclosure 3 to protect them from the weather and the risk of shocks inherent to helicopter operations.
  • the shell 23, of a generally ovoid shape surrounds the enclosure 3, an opening on its bottom being arranged to fix the shell 23 on the periphery of the open base 19 of the enclosure 3.
  • An opening on its the upper part is also arranged to allow the passage of the fastening means 21.
  • the lower part of the shell 23 is made of a material capable of withstanding the multiple shocks related to the helicopter transport, such as for example, steel, and the part upper is made of lighter material such as composite material.
  • the fastening means 21, intended for a sling 22, present on the device 2 comprise, as illustrated in FIG. figure 3 on the one hand, an elongated ring 21 of flattened form fixed to the upper end 20 of the enclosure 3 and, on the other hand, a hooking device 24 which is intended to be fixed to the end of the sling 22
  • This hooking device comprises an opening hook located in the center of a conical envelope 26, whose upper end 27 has an oblong opening complementary to the shape of the ring 21.
  • the device 2 also comprises safety and control equipment to secure and control the operation of the device 2.
  • the enclosure 3 is equipped with safety systems, such as an electrical contact disposed on the opening of the enclosure 19 in contact with the support piece 12, controlling the firing means and the filling means so as to render them inoperative when the enclosure 3 is not installed on the support 4.
  • the device further comprises , to control the effectiveness of the triggering of an avalanche, a vibratory measurement system such as an accelerometer or a seismometer for measuring the vibrations of the enclosure related to the triggering of the explosion.
  • the device may also include means for measuring external conditions such as a weather station.
  • the device 2 also comprises electrical energy storage means 9 disposed on the enclosure 3, such as batteries 9 which make it energetically autonomous. These means can be coupled with means of energy production, such as solar panels or a wind turbine. These means can be arranged on the shell of the enclosure 23.
  • the operations of the installation of an enclosure 3 on the support 2 are carried out as follows.
  • the enclosure 3, whose electrical storage means 9 and gas 5, 6 are pre-loaded, is installed at the end of a sling 22 of a helicopter, by means of a hook whose opening and closing are preferentially controlled electrically from the helicopter, and fastening means 21 disposed on the enclosure 3. It is brought above the support 4.
  • the pilot uses the locating members arranged around the support 4 to place the chamber 3 precisely above the support 4, the opening 19 of the chamber 3 aligned with the frustoconical portion 14 of the support piece 12.
  • the chamber 3 is then lowered along the complementary portion 14 present on the support piece 12 with a reduced friction to a minimum by the presence of the rollers 18 on the piece 12.
  • the chamber 3 bears on the base 13 of the support piece 12.
  • the enclosure 3, thus set up, is detached either open the hook electrically controlled either by the intervention of an operator who, using the foot steps present on the support 4, comes to open the hook.
  • the enclosure 3 in place and the security system being disengaged by the support of the enclosure 3 on the support part 12 of the support 4, is ready for use.
  • an operator safely at a place remote from the installation site, sends the trigger command to the device 2 using the remote communication system.
  • These orders are processed by the microcontroller which, according to these orders, opens for a predetermined duration the gas solenoid valves of the oxidizing gas and the fuel gas.
  • gases usually hydrogen and oxygen, chosen lighter than air, fill the chamber 3.
  • the microcontroller controls the firing means to trigger the explosion.
  • the shock wave of the explosion is focused towards the snowpack. The energy thus transmitted to the snowpack, already unstable, allows to detach the snow and trigger a preventive avalanche.
  • the shock wave of the explosion transmits part of its energy to the chamber 3 by exerting on it an upward thrust.
  • the enclosure 3 then moves upwards while remaining in contact with the uprights 17 of the support piece 12.
  • the procedure is as follows.
  • the helicopter is brought on site equipped with its sling 22 and the part of the sling fixing system on the device 2. It is positioned above the enclosure 3, the base of the conical envelope 26 of the device hooking 24 facing the ring 21 fitted to the upper part 20 of the enclosure 3.
  • the sling 22 is lowered so that the conical shell 26 envelops the ring 21, the edges of the envelope 26
  • the oblong opening 27 on the top of the casing 26 goes, by the flattened shape of the ring 21, to rotate the casing 26 so as to the ring 21 penetrates into this opening 27.
  • This rotation of the casing 26 makes it possible to conveniently arrange the opening hook 25 relative to the ring 21 fitted to the enclosure 3.
  • the hook 25 opens to accommodate the ring 21 and closes thus maintaining the ring 21.
  • the helicopter can then fly by lifting the enclosure 3 to take it out of the support 4. It is then transported on the maintenance site to perform the necessary maintenance and reloading operations.
  • the invention is not limited to the sole embodiment of this avalanche triggering device, described above as an example, it encompasses all the variants of embodiment. such as for example the use of an enclosure of a form other than frustoconical or the use of a fuel gas other than hydrogen.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
EP11717706.3A 2010-04-09 2011-04-07 Dispositif de déclenchement d'avalanche Active EP2556330B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1052682A FR2958739B1 (fr) 2010-04-09 2010-04-09 Dispositif de declenchement d'avalanche
PCT/FR2011/050786 WO2011124854A1 (fr) 2010-04-09 2011-04-07 Dispositif de déclenchement d'avalanche

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2556330A1 EP2556330A1 (fr) 2013-02-13
EP2556330B1 true EP2556330B1 (fr) 2015-11-11

Family

ID=43031480

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11717706.3A Active EP2556330B1 (fr) 2010-04-09 2011-04-07 Dispositif de déclenchement d'avalanche

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US8960092B2 (es)
EP (1) EP2556330B1 (es)
JP (1) JP5853018B2 (es)
CA (1) CA2793162C (es)
CL (1) CL2012002789A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2561822T3 (es)
FR (1) FR2958739B1 (es)
RU (1) RU2552269C2 (es)
WO (1) WO2011124854A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2953922B1 (fr) * 2009-12-10 2011-12-09 Technologie Alpine De Securite Tas Dispositif de declenchement d'avalanches
RU2627393C1 (ru) * 2016-08-12 2017-08-08 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Глобал Майнинг Эксплозив - Раша" Заряд взрывчатого вещества для метательного снаряда, способ приготовления этого заряда и метательный снаряд со взрывчатым веществом (варианты)
FR3101940B1 (fr) * 2019-10-10 2021-10-15 Tech Alpine De Securite Tas Système de déclenchement d’avalanches
FR3110688B1 (fr) * 2020-05-21 2022-05-27 Martin Paour Système de déclenchement préventif d’une avalanche
FR3111420B1 (fr) 2020-06-15 2022-05-20 Brp Equipement pour système de déclenchement d’avalanches et système comprenant un tel équipement et une enceinte d’explosion
FR3117581B1 (fr) * 2020-12-15 2022-11-25 Patrice Margueron Dispositif pour générer une onde de choc

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AR245818A1 (es) * 1988-03-03 1994-02-28 Schippers Jacob Dispositivo para desencadenar un alud.
FR2636729B1 (fr) * 1988-09-19 1990-12-07 Schippers Jacob Procede et dispositif pour declencher une avalanche
FR2765321B1 (fr) * 1997-06-26 1999-09-17 Technologie Alpine De Securite Dispositif de declenchement d'une avalanche
FR2771168B1 (fr) * 1997-11-17 1999-12-10 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de declenchement artificiel d'une avalanche et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
RU2284389C2 (ru) * 2004-10-26 2006-09-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-технический центр "Системы пожарной безопасности" Способ инициирования схода лавины и устройство для его осуществления
US7707938B2 (en) * 2005-05-16 2010-05-04 Hisel Stanley D Apparatus and method for avalanche control
FR2897931B1 (fr) 2006-02-24 2008-05-09 Technologie Alpine De Securite Dispositif de declenchement d'avalanche
FR2925152B1 (fr) * 2007-12-14 2013-06-28 Technologie Alpine De Securite T A S Dispositif de declenchement d'avalanches
FR2953922B1 (fr) * 2009-12-10 2011-12-09 Technologie Alpine De Securite Tas Dispositif de declenchement d'avalanches

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8960092B2 (en) 2015-02-24
JP5853018B2 (ja) 2016-02-09
FR2958739B1 (fr) 2012-05-11
US20130133543A1 (en) 2013-05-30
RU2012147051A (ru) 2014-05-20
RU2552269C2 (ru) 2015-06-10
CA2793162A1 (fr) 2011-10-13
JP2013524156A (ja) 2013-06-17
FR2958739A1 (fr) 2011-10-14
WO2011124854A1 (fr) 2011-10-13
CA2793162C (fr) 2018-10-23
CL2012002789A1 (es) 2013-05-24
ES2561822T3 (es) 2016-03-01
EP2556330A1 (fr) 2013-02-13

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