EP2548979A1 - Procédé de maintien du rapport d'oxime à la concentration de modificateur d'équilibre dans des circuits d'extraction de solvant - Google Patents

Procédé de maintien du rapport d'oxime à la concentration de modificateur d'équilibre dans des circuits d'extraction de solvant Download PDF

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EP2548979A1
EP2548979A1 EP11174988A EP11174988A EP2548979A1 EP 2548979 A1 EP2548979 A1 EP 2548979A1 EP 11174988 A EP11174988 A EP 11174988A EP 11174988 A EP11174988 A EP 11174988A EP 2548979 A1 EP2548979 A1 EP 2548979A1
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organic
circuit
plant
oxime
determining
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EP11174988A
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EP2548979B1 (fr
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Michael Joseph Virnig
Jack Bender
Nathan Emmerich
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Cognis IP Management GmbH
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Cognis IP Management GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
    • C22B3/30—Oximes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0095—Process control or regulation methods
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the area of hydrometallurgy, in particular to the recovery of metals from aqueous solutions derived from the leaching of metal bearing ores via solvent extraction and refers to an improved method for maintaining the relative ratios of the components of the metal extractant formulation in the organic phase over time in operation.
  • solvent extraction reagent formulations typically comprise oxime extractants, organic diluents, and in some cases, equilibrium modifiers and/or kinetic modifiers.
  • the leaching conditions required to bring the copper metal values into an aqueous solution.
  • the resultant leach solution will contain a certain amount of for example copper within a certain concentration range. It will also contain a certain concentration range of residual leaching reagent, typically sulfuric acid in the case of copper. It will also contain various other metals like for example iron, magnesium, and aluminum as the sulfate.
  • the optimum extractant and extractant concentration to use for recovery of the copper values from the leach solution one needs to also take into consideration things such as the stripping conditions which in turn are going to be determined by how one wants to operate the tank house, the desired recovery of metal from the leach solution, the circuit configuration (number of extraction stages and stripping stages available depending on capital constraints of the project) as well as the nature of the leach solution. Proper selection of the optimum extractant is important to insure maximum profitability.
  • the reagent Once the reagent has been selected, it is added to the circuit as initial fill and additional fresh reagent is added as required to maintain the optimum reagent concentration over time. A certain amount of reagent is lost overtime as either entrainment of the organic phase in the exiting aqueous raffinate or by chemical degradation of the oxime necessitating the addition of fresh reagent to the organic to maintain the desired reagent concentration.
  • Ketoximes are weak extractants which are very readily stripped resulting in very good net copper transfer in a circuit under typical operating conditions.
  • the variation of the amount of ketoxime relative to aldoxime in the reagent formulation results in extractant formulations having different extractive strengths allowing the performance to be tailored to a particular application as disclosed for example in US 4,507,268 and US 4,544,532 .
  • Examples of non-modified ketoxime/aldoxime blends having a range of extractive strengths are LIX ® 937N, LIX ® 984N, and LIX ® 973N
  • ketoximes are somewhat more stable than aldoximes, the differences are not great and one finds that the relative ratios of ketoxime to aldoxime in the circuit organic remain relatively close to that of fresh reagent over time under typical plant operating temperatures and acid concentrations in the feed solution and electrolyte. Addition of fresh reagent maintains the overall balance of the extractant composition in the circuit organic very close to the optimum.
  • aldoximes are strong extractants that are very difficult to strip under typical operating conditions and as a result are not typically used by themselves.
  • the relative extractive strength of an aldoxime can be varied by mixing it with different amounts of equilibrium modifiers such as described in US 4,978,788 ; US 5,176,843 ; US 5,281,336 ; US 6,113,804 ; US 6,726,887 , US 6,177,055 and US 6,231,784 . Examples for formulated reagent concentrates can be found in US 7,025,899 - all these documents hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the amount of aldoxime to modifier in the organic phase one can vary the extractive strength of the reagent formulation to match the requirements of the particular application.
  • modify aldoximes formulations Over a period of time in operation, one can find a selective loss of one component of the reagent formulation relative to the other component from the circuit organic. Simply adding the fresh reagent as formulated may not maintain the desired reagent composition in the circuit organic.
  • TXIB a branched di-ester ( US 4,978,788 ) and di-n-butyl adipate ( US 6,177,055 ) are currently widely used as equilibrium modifiers. They are characterized as being non-soluble in water, non-volatile and have high chemical stability in the application relative to the oximes.
  • these di-esters as an equilibrium modifier, one finds that after a period of time, the level of modifier has greatly increased relative to the amount of aldoxime with the effect that the plant is effectively operating with a much weaker extractant than optimum and a higher modifier concentration than necessary resulting in increased viscosity of the organic phase which in turn increases physical problems such as increased aqueous entrainment, increased crud formation, and higher organic losses. It would be highly desirable to be able to adjust the ratios of the extractant components in the circuit organic in a manner that brings the extractant composition in the organic phase back to the optimum formulation initially chosen for the application while maintaining the effective reagent concentration in the desired range.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for maintaining the ratio of the oxime to equilibrium modifier concentration in the circuit organic over time at the same ratio as in the fresh reagent specified for the application while maintaining the effective reagent concentration in the desired range.
  • the object of the present invention is a method for maintaining the ratio of the oxime to equilibrium modifier concentration in solvent extraction circuits, said solvents essentially consisting of
  • the present invention provides a fast and accurate method to determine the amounts of the components that must be added to maintain the extractant composition in the circuit organic equivalent to that of the extractant required for the application.
  • the methodology is particular useful for reagent concentrations of commercial formulated reagents from 5% v/v to 50% v/v, more preferably from 5% v/v to 40% v/v, and most preferred from 10% v/v to 40% v/v.)
  • FIG. 1 The overall process is reflected in Figure 1 : In the first step the relevant parameters from the plant organic (concentration of the constituents) are collected. Then a calibration curv is prepared in order to determine whether the plant is operated under optimal conditions or outside. If the equilibrated strip point of a solution of fresh reagent having a copper max load equivalent to that of the plant organic is same as that of the plant organic, one can report back to the plant operator that the formulation is ok and a standard formulation reagent is added in order to compensate for the standard losses by degradation and entrainment.-If the equilibrated strip point is lower than that of the corresponding fresh reagent solution, one can determine the amounts of oxime and diluent and advise the operator how to adjust the composition of the extractant in the plant organic back to optimal proportions.
  • the amount of neat oxime can be calculated according to equation (3)
  • a Oxime V 2 - V 1 * CuML 63.5 * 2 * MW in which CuML stands for the Cu max load of circuit organic and MW for the molecular weight of the respective oxime; 63.5 is the atomic weight of copper.
  • ([CuML/63.5] * 2) the number of moles per liter of oxime required to give a solution having the same CuML as current circuit organic.
  • the volume in liters of neat oxime added (V 3 ) would be equal to A divided by the density which is approximately 1000 g/liter.
  • the difference (V 2 - V 1 ) - V 3 would be the volume of component (c) required.
  • the density of the neat oximes are the same therefore one can simply calculate the volume of each, sum the total volume contributions of the oximes and calculate the required volume of component (c) as described above.
  • Organic extractants for extraction of various metals in particular copper from leach solutions derived from leaching of ores typically comprise aldoximes, ketoximes and their mixtures, particularly so-called orthohydroxyarylketoximes and orthohydroxyarylaldoximes.
  • the orthohydroxyarylaldoxime compounds employed in the present invention are substantially water insoluble and preferably have the formula (II) R 3 CHNOH (II) wherein R 3 is an optionally substituted ortho-hydroxyaryl group, and salts thereof.
  • Optionally substituted hydrocarbyl groups which may be represented by R 1 preferably comprise optionally substituted alkyl and aryl groups including combinations of these, such as optionally substituted aralkyl and alkaryl groups.
  • optionally substituted alkyl groups which may be represented by R 1 include groups in which the alkyl moieties can contain from 1 to 20, especially from 1 to 4, carbon atoms.
  • a preferred orthohydroxyarylketoxime is one in which R 1 is alkyl, preferably containing up to 20, and especially up to 10, and more preferably up to 3 saturated aliphatic carbon atoms, and most preferably R 1 is a methyl group.
  • optionally substituted aryl groups which may be represented by R 1 include optionally substituted phenyl groups. When R 1 is an aryl group, it is preferably an unsubstituted phenyl group.
  • substituent(s) should be such as not to affect adversely the ability of the orthohydroxyarylaldoxime or orthohydroxyarylketoxime to complex with metals, especially copper.
  • Suitable substituents include halogen, nitro, cyano, hydrocarbyl, such as C 1 -C 20 alkyl, especially C 1 -C 10 alkyl; hydrocarbyloxy, such as C 1 -C 20 alkoxy, especially C 1 -C 10 alkoxy; hydrocarbyloxycarbonyl, such as C 1 -C 20 alkoxycarbonyl, especially C 1 -C 10 alkoxycarbonyl; acyl, such as C 1 -C 20 alkylcarbonyl and arylcarbonyl, especially C 1 -C 10 alkylcarbonyl and phenylcarbonyl; and acyloxy, such as C 1 -C 20 alkylcarbonyloxy and arylcarbonyloxy, especially C 1 -C
  • the orthohydroxyarylketoxime is a 5-(C 8 -C 14 alkyl)-2-hydroxyacetophenone oxime, more often a 5-(C 9 -C 12 alkyl)-2-hydroxyacetophenone oxime, and particularly 5-nonyl-2-hydroxyacetophenone oxime.
  • the orthohydroxyarylaldoxime is a 5-( C 8 -C 14 alkyl)-2-hydroxybenzaldoxime, more often a 5-( C 9 -C 12 alkyl)-2-hydroxybenzaldoxime, and particularly 5-nonyl-2-hydroxybenzaldoxime.
  • compositions may often comprise more than one different orthohydroxyarylaldoximes and/or more than one different orthohydroxyarylketoximes in which the nature of the substituent groups represented by R 1 and R 2 differ between component orthohydroxyarylketoximes and/or the substituent groups represented by R 3 differ between component orthohydroxyarylaldoximes, especially where the component orthohydroxyarylaldoximes and/or orthohydroxyarylketoximes are isomeric.
  • Such isomeric mixtures may have better solubility in organic solvents than when a single orthohydroxyarylketoxime and a single orthohydroxyarylaldoxime are present.
  • the total amount of orthohydroxyarylaldoxime and orthohydroxyarylketoxime in the organic phase comprises at least 1 % b.w., commonly at least 2.5 % b.w. and usually at least 5 % b.w. of composition, and preferably comprises from 7.5 to 30 % b.w., most preferably comprises from about 7.5 to 25 % b.w., such as about 10 % b.w. of the composition.
  • Equilibrium modifiers employed in the present invention are significantly more chemically stable than the oxime, have both volatility and water solubility similar to that of the oxime. Suitable equilibrium modifiers fulfilling these conditions can be alkyl phenols, alcohols, esters, ethers and polyethers, carbonates, ketones, nitrites, amides, carbamates, sulphoxides, and salts of amines and quaternary ammonium compounds.
  • 'highly branched' as applied to the alcohols and esters means that the ratio of the number of methyl carbon atoms to non-methyl carbon atoms is higher than 1:5 and preferably higher than 1:3.
  • mixtures of compounds selected from the group consisting of alkyl phenols, alcohols, esters, ethers, polyethers, carbonates, ketones, nitriles, amides, carbamates, sulphoxides, and salts of amines and quaternary ammonium compounds may be employed as modifiers.
  • mixtures comprising a first compound selected from the group consisting of alkylphenols, alcohols, esters, ethers, polyethers, carbonates, ketones, nitriles, amides, carbamates, sulphoxides, and salts of amines and quaternary ammonium compounds and a second compound selected from the group consisting of alkanols having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkyl phenol in which the alkyl group contains from 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and tributylphosphate.
  • one or more equilibrium modifiers selected from 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol mono-isobutyrate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol mono-benzoate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol di-isobutyrate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol di-benzoate, di-butyl adipate, di-pentyl adipate, di-hexyl adipate, isobutyl heptyl ketone, nonanone, 2,6,8-trimethyl-4-nonanone, diundecyl ketone, 5,8-diethyldodecane-6,7-dione, tridecanol, and nonyl phenol are employed.
  • One or more equilibrium modifiers are present in an amount that provides a degree of modification of the oximes, in particular the orthohydroxyarylaldoximes present of from about 0.2 to 0.70 more preferably from about 0.3 to 0.70, and most preferably from about 0.4 to 0.65.
  • degree of modification designates the inverse ratio of (a) the stripped solvent copper level of an hydroxy aryl aldoxime extractant at equilibrium (expressed in terms of grams per liter of copper) extracted with an aqueous solution containing a fixed concentration of copper and sulfuric acid to (b) the stripped solvent copper level of the same extractant under the same conditions when a selected equilibrium modifier additive is present. Consistent with this definition, the presence of relatively small quantities of an equilibrium modifier will shift the extraction equilibrium slightly, resulting in minor diminution of aldoxime stripped solvent copper level at equilibrium, as will be reflected by a degree of modification value closely approaching 1.0, e.g., 0.99. Increased effective quantities of modifier under otherwise identical conditions will result in a more pronounced shift in extraction equilibrium and a more pronounced diminution of aldoxime stripped solvent copper level at equilibrium, as will be reflected by a degree of modification corresponding less than 1.0.
  • the degree of modification resulting from a given molar ratio of equilibrium modifier to aldoxime in a reagent will vary depending on such factors as the degree of purity of the extractant composition employed in formulation of the reagent, the aromaticity of the solvent, and, perhaps most significantly, the chemical identity of the equilibrium modifier employed. It will also depend significantly on the conditions involved in determination of stripped solvent copper levels. Consequently, for purposes of determining degree of modification of an aldoxime by a given equilibrium modifier, the following test conditions should be adhered to.
  • the temperature at which the determination is made should be about 24 °C.
  • the molar concentration of aldoxime (or mixture of aldoximes) in the diluent should be about 0.184 as determined by copper loading and titration and an aldoxime stock of approximately 94 % purity (with the remainder being substantially alkyl phenol starting material residue) should be employed.
  • the diluent should be ESCAID ® 100 or a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons closely approximating the constitution of ESCAID ® 100.
  • An atomic absorption methodology should be employed for determining copper content.
  • the composition of the strip solution should be preferably 150 g/L sulphuric acid and 30 g/L Cu 2+ .
  • Organic solvents which may be present in the composition include any mobile organic solvent, or mixture of solvents, which is immiscible with water and is inert under the extraction conditions to the other materials present.
  • the organic solvent has low aromatic hydrocarbon content.
  • Preferred organic solvents are hydrocarbon solvents which include aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof as well as chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, trichloroethane and chloroform.
  • Highly preferred organic solvents having low aromatics content include solvents and solvent mixtures where the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons present in the organic solvent is less than 30 %, usually around 23 % or less, often less than 5 %, and frequently less than 1%.
  • hydrocarbon solvents examples include ESCAID ® 110, ESCAID ® 115, ESCAID ® 120, ESCAID ® 200, and ESCAID ® 300 commercially available from ExxonMobil Chemical Company, SHELLSOL ® D70 and D80 300 commercially available from Shell Chemical Company, and CONOSOL ® 170 commercially available from ConocoPhillips.
  • Suitable solvents are hydrocarbon solvents include high flash point solvents and solvents with a high aromatic content such as SOLVESSO ® 150 commercially available from ExxonMobil Chemical Company. More preferred are solvents with a low aromatic content.
  • hydrocarbon solvents with a low aromatic content have aromatic contents of 1 % w/w, for example, hydrocarbon solvents such as ESCAID ® 110 commercially available from ExxonMobil Chemical Company, and ORFOM ® SX 10 and ORFOM SX11 commercially available from Chevron Phillips Chemical Company.
  • hydrocarbon solvents of relatively low aromatic content such as kerosene, for example ESCAID ® 100 which is a petroleum distillate with a total aromatic content of 23 % commercially available from ExxonMobil Chemical Company or ORFOM ® SX7, commercially available from Chevron Phillips Chemical Company.
  • a sample of a plant organic was obtained from an operating mine-site solvent extraction plant.
  • the copper max load of the plant organic was determined using the method described in the documentation Cognis Blue Line: Determination of reagent concentration in an organic phased 1 .
  • the copper max load was 11.2 gpl which was equivalent to 20 % v/v of fresh reagent.
  • the equilibrated strip point was determined using the methodology described in the documentation Cognis Blue Line: Cognis Equilibrium Strip Point .
  • the equilibrated strip point was 2.94 gpl Cu.
  • the reagent being supplied to the plant was a modified C 9 aldoxime which was formulated to give a copper max load of 0.56 gpl Cu/% v/v under standard conditions.
  • a solution of the reagent as supplied was prepared by placing 20 ml of reagent in a 100 ml volumetric flask and diluting to the mark with the plant solvent.
  • the Cu max load was determined in the same fashion as before. It was 11.2 gpl, the same as plant organic.
  • the equilibrated strip point was determined to be 3.25 gpl Cu. Comparison of the equilibrated strip point data suggests that the ratio of modifier to aldoxime in the circuit organic is out of balance relative to that in the fresh reagent being added to the circuit.
  • the plant organic is behaving effectively as a weaker extractant than targeted for operation. Additional oxime and diluent must be added to the circuit to bring the oxime and modifier back into the desired ratio.
  • a solution (A) of C 9 aldoxime was prepared in plant solvent and the concentration adjusted so that the copper max load was 11.2 gpl Cu.
  • Examples of non-modified aldoxime reagents that could be used are LIX 860N-1 or LIX 860N-IC.
  • the Cu max load factor for LIX 860N-1 is 0.56 gpl cu/% v/v and that of LIX 860N-IC is 0.78 gpl Cu/% v/v.
  • the plant circuit inventory consists of 400,000 liters of PO. Multiplying the circuit inventory by the dilution factor gives you a total of 400,000 liters times 1.15 which equals a total of 460,000 liters. A total of 60,000 liters (460,000 - 400,000) of fresh organic consisting of aldoxime and plant solvent must be added to the PO to bring the oxime to modifier ratio into balance. Since the Cu max load factor for LIX 860N-1 is the same as that of the fresh reagent being used in the plant, you need to add the equivalent of 20% v/v of LIX 860N-1 in solvent or 12,000 liters of LIX 860N-1 and 48,000 liters of fresh diluent.

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EP11174988.3A 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 Procédé de maintien du rapport d'oxime à la concentration de modificateur d'équilibre dans des circuits d'extraction de solvant Not-in-force EP2548979B1 (fr)

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EP11174988.3A EP2548979B1 (fr) 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 Procédé de maintien du rapport d'oxime à la concentration de modificateur d'équilibre dans des circuits d'extraction de solvant
ES11174988.3T ES2460940T3 (es) 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 Método para mantener la relación de la oxima con respecto a la concentración del modificador en equilibrio en circuitos de extracción de disolvente

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EP11174988.3A EP2548979B1 (fr) 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 Procédé de maintien du rapport d'oxime à la concentration de modificateur d'équilibre dans des circuits d'extraction de solvant

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Citations (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4507268A (en) 1982-01-25 1985-03-26 Henkel Corporation Solvent extraction
US4544532A (en) 1982-01-25 1985-10-01 Henkel Corporation Solvent extraction
US4978788A (en) 1985-05-16 1990-12-18 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Composition and use of the composition for the extraction of metals from aqueous solution
US5176843A (en) 1985-05-16 1993-01-05 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Composition and use of the composition for the extraction of metals from aqueous solution
US5281336A (en) 1985-05-16 1994-01-25 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Composition and use of the composition for the extraction of metals from aqueous solution
US5879556A (en) * 1995-01-25 1999-03-09 Henkel Corporation Method of recovering extractant
US6177055B1 (en) 1998-09-14 2001-01-23 Henkel Corporation Process for extracting and recovering copper
US6231784B1 (en) 1995-02-16 2001-05-15 Henkel Corporation Water insoluble composition of an aldoxime extractant and an equilibrium modifier
US6726887B1 (en) 1998-12-12 2004-04-27 Cytec Technology Corp. Composition of oxime and hydroxy-ester for the solvent extraction of metals
US20040258590A1 (en) * 2003-05-15 2004-12-23 Kordosky Gary A. Method for extracting copper from leach solutions at elevated temperatures
US7025899B2 (en) 1996-10-21 2006-04-11 Cognis Corporation Concentrated solutions of oxime metal extractants and method of formulating extractant compositions therefrom
US7309474B2 (en) 2003-04-17 2007-12-18 Cytec Technology Corp. Composition and process
WO2008088473A2 (fr) 2006-12-21 2008-07-24 Cognis Ip Management Gmbh Modificateurs d'éther plus efficaces pour préparations d'agent d'extraction de cuivre

Patent Citations (14)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4507268A (en) 1982-01-25 1985-03-26 Henkel Corporation Solvent extraction
US4544532A (en) 1982-01-25 1985-10-01 Henkel Corporation Solvent extraction
US6113804A (en) 1985-05-16 2000-09-05 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Composition and use of the composition for the extraction of metals from aqueous solution
US5176843A (en) 1985-05-16 1993-01-05 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Composition and use of the composition for the extraction of metals from aqueous solution
US5281336A (en) 1985-05-16 1994-01-25 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Composition and use of the composition for the extraction of metals from aqueous solution
US4978788A (en) 1985-05-16 1990-12-18 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Composition and use of the composition for the extraction of metals from aqueous solution
US5879556A (en) * 1995-01-25 1999-03-09 Henkel Corporation Method of recovering extractant
US6231784B1 (en) 1995-02-16 2001-05-15 Henkel Corporation Water insoluble composition of an aldoxime extractant and an equilibrium modifier
US7025899B2 (en) 1996-10-21 2006-04-11 Cognis Corporation Concentrated solutions of oxime metal extractants and method of formulating extractant compositions therefrom
US6177055B1 (en) 1998-09-14 2001-01-23 Henkel Corporation Process for extracting and recovering copper
US6726887B1 (en) 1998-12-12 2004-04-27 Cytec Technology Corp. Composition of oxime and hydroxy-ester for the solvent extraction of metals
US7309474B2 (en) 2003-04-17 2007-12-18 Cytec Technology Corp. Composition and process
US20040258590A1 (en) * 2003-05-15 2004-12-23 Kordosky Gary A. Method for extracting copper from leach solutions at elevated temperatures
WO2008088473A2 (fr) 2006-12-21 2008-07-24 Cognis Ip Management Gmbh Modificateurs d'éther plus efficaces pour préparations d'agent d'extraction de cuivre

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Title
KORDOSKY G ET AL: "Equilibrium Copper Strip Points as a Function of Temperature and Other Operating Parameters: Implications for Commercial Copper Solvent Extraction Plants", TSINGHUA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS, BEIJING, CN, vol. 11, no. 2, 1 April 2006 (2006-04-01), pages 160 - 164, XP022933224, ISSN: 1007-0214, [retrieved on 20060401], DOI: 10.1016/S1007-0214(06)70170-5 *

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ES2460940T3 (es) 2014-05-16

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