EP2547179A2 - Plasma spray nozzle with internal injection - Google Patents

Plasma spray nozzle with internal injection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2547179A2
EP2547179A2 EP20120007031 EP12007031A EP2547179A2 EP 2547179 A2 EP2547179 A2 EP 2547179A2 EP 20120007031 EP20120007031 EP 20120007031 EP 12007031 A EP12007031 A EP 12007031A EP 2547179 A2 EP2547179 A2 EP 2547179A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spray nozzle
plasma spray
divergent
nozzle according
inner channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20120007031
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2547179B1 (en
EP2547179A3 (en
Inventor
Mario Felkel
Heiko Dr. Gruner
Francis-Jurjen Dr. Ladru
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Priority to EP12007031.3A priority Critical patent/EP2547179B1/en
Publication of EP2547179A2 publication Critical patent/EP2547179A2/en
Publication of EP2547179A3 publication Critical patent/EP2547179A3/en
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Publication of EP2547179B1 publication Critical patent/EP2547179B1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/42—Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
    • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
    • B05B7/226—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material being originally a particulate material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3484—Convergent-divergent nozzles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plasma spray nozzle in which the powder is injected.
  • the object is achieved by a plasma spraying nozzle according to claim 1.
  • FIG. 1 a plasma spray nozzle 1 is shown in longitudinal section.
  • the plasma spraying nozzle 1 has inside an elongated inner channel 4 with a longitudinal axis 22, in which 4 generates a plasma and in the 4 by at least one hole 7 powder is injected.
  • the inner channel 4 is formed longer than the divergent region (16), in particular 60%, in particular 75% of the total length.
  • the outer diameter of the end 28 of the nozzle 1 facing the divergent portion 16 is preferably greater than the outer diameter at the end 19 of the divergent portion 16. This means that the mass per axial length at the end 28 is greater.
  • Injection of powder takes place on the inside, ie before the divergent region 16. This can be done through a hole 7 (FIG. Fig. 3 ) or through a plurality of holes 7 ', 7 ", 7"' ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the distance from the hole 7, 7 ', 7 ", 7"' to the end 19 of the nozzle 1 is preferably at least 60%, in particular at least 70%, very particularly 80% of the total length L of the nozzle first
  • At the beginning of the divergent portion 16 is preferably a paragraph 25 ( Fig. 1, 4th ), which directs the arc of the plasma to the elongated inner channel 4.
  • Paragraph 25 represents a discontinuous or non-continuous transition 25 to the divergent region 16.
  • transition 25 from the internal channel 4 of constant cross-section to the divergent region 16, there is an edge.
  • the shoulder 25 preferably runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 22 of the inner channel 4.
  • outside cooling fins 10 are present ( Fig. 4 ). These outer diameter 10 can project beyond the outer diameter at the end 19 of the divergent region 16.
  • a sealing ring 13 is preferably arranged ( Fig. 4 ).
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment.
  • the supply of powder into the channel 4 of the plasma spray nozzle 1 is not carried out by one, but in particular by two, in particular by three holes 7, 7 ', 7 ", which are preferably evenly distributed around the circumference of the inner channel 4.
  • the injection of the powder can be precisely controlled and the track distance, i. the distance between crossings over the component to be coated can be at least doubled, whereby the spray spot is kept constant in the same position, so that the coating time is considerably reduced.
  • the nozzle 1 is solid except for the inner channel 4 and the holes 7, 7 ', 7 ", 7"' for the powder injection.
  • the at least one hole 7 has at the end, ie near the outlet into the inner channel 4, a taper 8 in order to inject specifically into the plasma jet.
  • FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a blade 120 or guide vane 130 of a turbomachine, which extends along a longitudinal axis 121.
  • the turbomachine may be a gas turbine of an aircraft or a power plant for power generation, a steam turbine or a compressor.
  • the blade 120, 130 has along the longitudinal axis 121 consecutively a fastening region 400, a blade platform 403 adjacent thereto and an airfoil 406 and a blade tip 415.
  • the blade 130 may have at its blade tip 415 another platform (not shown).
  • a blade root 183 is formed, which serves for attachment of the blades 120, 130 to a shaft or a disc (not shown).
  • the blade root 183 is designed, for example, as a hammer head. Other designs as Christmas tree or Schwalbenschwanzfuß are possible.
  • the blade 120, 130 has a leading edge 409 and a trailing edge 412 for a medium flowing past the airfoil 406.
  • Such superalloys are for example from EP 1 204 776 B1 .
  • EP 1 306 454 .
  • the blade 120, 130 can be made by a casting process, also by directional solidification, by a forging process, by a milling process or combinations thereof.
  • Workpieces with a monocrystalline structure or structures are used as components for machines which are exposed to high mechanical, thermal and / or chemical stresses during operation.
  • Such monocrystalline workpieces takes place e.g. by directed solidification from the melt.
  • These are casting processes in which the liquid metallic alloy is transformed into a monocrystalline structure, i. to the single-crystal workpiece, or directionally solidified.
  • dendritic crystals are aligned along the heat flow and form either a columnar grain structure (columnar, i.e., grains that run the full length of the workpiece and here, in common usage, are referred to as directionally solidified) or a monocrystalline structure, i. the whole workpiece consists of a single crystal.
  • a columnar grain structure columnar, i.e., grains that run the full length of the workpiece and here, in common usage, are referred to as directionally solidified
  • a monocrystalline structure i. the whole workpiece consists of a single crystal.
  • directionally solidified microstructures which means both single crystals that have no grain boundaries or at most small angle grain boundaries, and stem crystal structures that have probably longitudinal grain boundaries but no transverse grain boundaries. These second-mentioned crystalline structures are also known as directionally solidified structures.
  • the blades 120, 130 may have coatings against corrosion or oxidation, e.g. M is at least one element of the group iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), X is an active element and stands for yttrium (Y) and / or silicon and / or at least one element of the rare ones Earth, or hafnium (Hf)).
  • M is at least one element of the group iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni)
  • X is an active element and stands for yttrium (Y) and / or silicon and / or at least one element of the rare ones Earth, or hafnium (Hf)).
  • Such alloys are known from the EP 0 486 489 B1 .
  • EP 0 412 397 B1 or EP 1 306 454 A1 are known from the EP 0 486 489 B1 .
  • the density is preferably 95% of the theoretical density.
  • the layer composition comprises Co-30Ni-28Cr-8Al-0.6Y-0.7Si or Co-28Ni-24Cr-10Al-0.6Y.
  • nickel-based protective layers such as Ni-10Cr-12Al-0.6Y-3Re or Ni-12Co-21Cr-11Al-0.4Y-2Re or Ni-25Co-17Cr-10Al-0.4Y-1 are also preferably used , 5RE.
  • thermal barrier coating which is preferably the outermost layer, and consists for example of ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 , ie it is not, partially or completely stabilized by yttria and / or calcium oxide and / or magnesium oxide.
  • the thermal barrier coating covers the entire MCrAlX layer.
  • suitable coating methods e.g. Electron beam evaporation (EB-PVD) produces stalk-shaped grains in the thermal barrier coating.
  • the thermal barrier coating may have porous, micro- or macro-cracked grains for better thermal shock resistance.
  • the thermal barrier coating is therefore preferably more porous than the MCrAlX layer.
  • Refurbishment means that components 120, 130 may need to be deprotected after use (e.g., by sandblasting). This is followed by removal of the corrosion and / or oxidation layers or products. Optionally, even cracks in the component 120, 130 are repaired. This is followed by a re-coating of the component 120, 130 and a renewed use of the component 120, 130.
  • the blade 120, 130 may be hollow or solid.
  • the blade 120, 130 is to be cooled, it is hollow and may still film cooling holes 418 (indicated by dashed lines) on.

Abstract

The spray nozzle (1) has divergent region containing divergent portion (16). The divergent portion is arranged at the primary end of inner channel (4). The powder injection hole (7) is not formed in divergent region. The powder injection hole is formed close to the secondary end of inner channel. Several external cooling fins are arranged between the divergent portion and powder injection hole.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Plasmaspritzdüse, bei der das Pulver injiziert wird.The invention relates to a plasma spray nozzle in which the powder is injected.

Um den Wirkungsgrad einer Turbine zu erhöhen ist es nötig, höhere Temperaturen am Turbineneintritt zu ermöglichen. Dies wird erreicht, indem eine metallische und keramische Beschichtung auf die Turbinenschaufel aufgetragen wird, wobei diese eine Dicke bis zu 800 Mikrometer aufweist.In order to increase the efficiency of a turbine, it is necessary to allow higher temperatures at the turbine inlet. This is achieved by applying a metallic and ceramic coating to the turbine blade, having a thickness of up to 800 microns.

Der derzeitige Prozess hat sich als sehr ineffizient erwiesen, weil die Beschichtung mehr als 70 Minuten dauert. Bei solch langen Beschichtungszeiten hat man jedoch den Effekt, dass der Spritzfleck bedingt durch den Verschleiß der Düse variiert und so das Spritzergebnis sich über die Zeit verändert. Dies ist nicht gewünscht.The current process has proven to be very inefficient because the coating takes more than 70 minutes. With such long coating times, however, one has the effect that the spray spot varies due to the wear of the nozzle and thus the spattering result changes over time. This is not wanted.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, oben genanntes Problem zu lösen.It is therefore an object of the invention to solve the above-mentioned problem.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Plasmaspritzdüse gemäß Anspruch 1.The object is achieved by a plasma spraying nozzle according to claim 1.

In den Unteransprüchen sind weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahmen aufgelistet, die beliebig miteinander variiert werden können, um weitere Vorteile zu erzielen.In the dependent claims further advantageous measures are listed, which can be varied with each other in order to achieve further advantages.

Es zeigen

Figur 1, 4, 5
Plasmaspritzdüsen im Längsschnitt und
Figur 2, 3, 6
Plasmaspritzdüsen im Querschnitt,
Figur 7
eine Turbinenschaufel.
Show it
Figure 1, 4, 5
Plasma injection nozzles in longitudinal section and
FIGS. 2, 3, 6
Plasma spray nozzles in cross section,
FIG. 7
a turbine blade.

Die Beschreibung und die Figuren stellen nur Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dar.The description and the figures represent only embodiments of the invention.

In Figur 1 ist eine Plasmaspritzdüse 1 im Längsschnitt gezeigt.In FIG. 1 a plasma spray nozzle 1 is shown in longitudinal section.

Die Plasmaspritzdüse 1 weist im Inneren einen länglichen Innenkanal 4 mit einer Längsachse 22 auf, in dem 4 ein Plasma erzeugt und in den 4 durch zumindest ein Loch 7 Pulver injiziert wird.The plasma spraying nozzle 1 has inside an elongated inner channel 4 with a longitudinal axis 22, in which 4 generates a plasma and in the 4 by at least one hole 7 powder is injected.

Der Innenkanal 4 ist länger ausgebildet als der divergente Bereich (16), insbesondere 60%, ganz insbesondere 75% der Gesamtlänge aufweist.The inner channel 4 is formed longer than the divergent region (16), in particular 60%, in particular 75% of the total length.

Am Ende 19 der Plasmaspritzdüse 1 befindet sich ein divergenter Anteil 16, so dass der innere Querschnitt des Innenkanals 4 sich zum Austritt oder Ende 19 hin vergrößert.At the end 19 of the plasma spraying nozzle 1 there is a divergent portion 16, so that the inner cross section of the inner channel 4 increases toward the outlet or end 19.

Der Außendurchmesser des Endes 28 der Düse 1, das dem divergenten Anteil 16 gegenüber liegt, ist vorzugsweise größer als der Außendurchmesser am Ende 19 des divergenten Bereichs 16. Dies bedeutet, dass die Masse pro axialer Längen am Ende 28 größer ist.The outer diameter of the end 28 of the nozzle 1 facing the divergent portion 16 is preferably greater than the outer diameter at the end 19 of the divergent portion 16. This means that the mass per axial length at the end 28 is greater.

Die Injektion von Pulver erfolgt innenliegend, d.h. vor dem divergenten Bereich 16. Dies kann durch ein Loch 7 (Fig. 3) oder durch mehrere Löcher 7', 7", 7"' erfolgen (Fig. 2).Injection of powder takes place on the inside, ie before the divergent region 16. This can be done through a hole 7 (FIG. Fig. 3 ) or through a plurality of holes 7 ', 7 ", 7"' ( Fig. 2 ).

Der Abstand vom Loch 7, 7', 7", 7"' zum Ende 19 der Düse 1 beträgt vorzugsweise mindestens 60%, insbesondere mindestens 70%, ganz insbesondere 80% der Gesamtlänge L der Düse 1.The distance from the hole 7, 7 ', 7 ", 7"' to the end 19 of the nozzle 1 is preferably at least 60%, in particular at least 70%, very particularly 80% of the total length L of the nozzle first

Am Anfang des divergenten Anteils 16 ist vorzugsweise ein Absatz 25 (Fig. 1, 4) vorhanden, der den Lichtbogen des Plasmas zum länglichen Innenkanal 4 gelenkt wird.At the beginning of the divergent portion 16 is preferably a paragraph 25 ( Fig. 1, 4th ), which directs the arc of the plasma to the elongated inner channel 4.

Der Absatz 25 stellt einen nicht stetigen oder nicht kontinuierlichen Übergang 25 zum divergenten Bereich 16 dar. Vorzugsweise ist am Übergang 25 vom Innenkanal 4 mit konstantem Querschnitt zum divergenten Bereich 16 eine Kante vorhanden.Paragraph 25 represents a discontinuous or non-continuous transition 25 to the divergent region 16. Preferably, at the transition 25 from the internal channel 4 of constant cross-section to the divergent region 16, there is an edge.

Der Absatz 25 verläuft vorzugsweise senkrecht zur Längsachse 22 des Innenkanals 4.The shoulder 25 preferably runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 22 of the inner channel 4.

Ebenso kann kein Absatz 25 vorhanden sein (Fig. 5).Likewise, no paragraph 25 can be present ( Fig. 5 ).

Entlang der Strömungsrichtung durch die Plasmaspritzdüse 1, also parallel zur Längsachse 22 der Düse 1 oder des Kanals 4, sind außen vorzugsweise Kühlrippen 10 vorhanden (Fig. 4). Diese 10 können im Außendurchmesser den Außendurchmesser am Ende 19 des divergenten Bereichs 16 überragen.Along the direction of flow through the plasma spray nozzle 1, ie parallel to the longitudinal axis 22 of the nozzle 1 or the channel 4, preferably outside cooling fins 10 are present ( Fig. 4 ). These outer diameter 10 can project beyond the outer diameter at the end 19 of the divergent region 16.

Zwischen den Kühlrippen 10 ist vorzugsweise ein Dichtungsring 13 angeordnet (Fig. 4).Between the cooling fins 10, a sealing ring 13 is preferably arranged ( Fig. 4 ).

Figur 2 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel. FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment.

Die Zufuhr von Pulver in den Kanal 4 der Plasmaspritzdüse 1 erfolgt nicht durch ein, sondern insbesondere durch zwei, insbesondere durch drei Löcher 7, 7', 7", die vorzugsweise gleichmäßig um den Umfang des Innenkanals 4 verteilt sind.The supply of powder into the channel 4 of the plasma spray nozzle 1 is not carried out by one, but in particular by two, in particular by three holes 7, 7 ', 7 ", which are preferably evenly distributed around the circumference of the inner channel 4.

Durch diese Anordnung der dreifachen Injektion lässt sich die Injektion des Pulvers strahlgenau steuern und der Bahnabstand, d.h. der Abstand zwischen Überfahrten über das zu beschichtende Bauteil kann mindestens verdoppelt werden, wobei der Spritzfleck konstant in der gleichen Position gehalten wird, so dass die Beschichtungszeit erheblich reduziert wird. Die Düse 1 ist bis auf den Innenkanal 4 und den Löchern 7, 7', 7", 7"' für die Pulverinjektion massiv ausgebildet.By this arrangement of the triple injection, the injection of the powder can be precisely controlled and the track distance, i. the distance between crossings over the component to be coated can be at least doubled, whereby the spray spot is kept constant in the same position, so that the coating time is considerably reduced. The nozzle 1 is solid except for the inner channel 4 and the holes 7, 7 ', 7 ", 7"' for the powder injection.

Das zumindest eine Loch 7 weist am Ende, also nahe dem Austritt in den Innenkanal 4 eine Verjüngung 8 auf, um gezielt in den Plasmastrahl zu injizieren.The at least one hole 7 has at the end, ie near the outlet into the inner channel 4, a taper 8 in order to inject specifically into the plasma jet.

Die Figur 7 zeigt in perspektivischer Ansicht eine Laufschaufel 120 oder Leitschaufel 130 einer Strömungsmaschine, die sich entlang einer Längsachse 121 erstreckt.The FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a blade 120 or guide vane 130 of a turbomachine, which extends along a longitudinal axis 121.

Die Strömungsmaschine kann eine Gasturbine eines Flugzeugs oder eines Kraftwerks zur Elektrizitätserzeugung, eine Dampfturbine oder ein Kompressor sein.The turbomachine may be a gas turbine of an aircraft or a power plant for power generation, a steam turbine or a compressor.

Die Schaufel 120, 130 weist entlang der Längsachse 121 aufeinander folgend einen Befestigungsbereich 400, eine daran angrenzende Schaufelplattform 403 sowie ein Schaufelblatt 406 und eine Schaufelspitze 415 auf.The blade 120, 130 has along the longitudinal axis 121 consecutively a fastening region 400, a blade platform 403 adjacent thereto and an airfoil 406 and a blade tip 415.

Als Leitschaufel 130 kann die Schaufel 130 an ihrer Schaufelspitze 415 eine weitere Plattform aufweisen (nicht dargestellt).As a guide blade 130, the blade 130 may have at its blade tip 415 another platform (not shown).

Im Befestigungsbereich 400 ist ein Schaufelfuß 183 gebildet, der zur Befestigung der Laufschaufeln 120, 130 an einer Welle oder einer Scheibe dient (nicht dargestellt).In the mounting region 400, a blade root 183 is formed, which serves for attachment of the blades 120, 130 to a shaft or a disc (not shown).

Der Schaufelfuß 183 ist beispielsweise als Hammerkopf ausgestaltet. Andere Ausgestaltungen als Tannenbaum- oder Schwalbenschwanzfuß sind möglich.The blade root 183 is designed, for example, as a hammer head. Other designs as Christmas tree or Schwalbenschwanzfuß are possible.

Die Schaufel 120, 130 weist für ein Medium, das an dem Schaufelblatt 406 vorbeiströmt, eine Anströmkante 409 und eine Abströmkante 412 auf.The blade 120, 130 has a leading edge 409 and a trailing edge 412 for a medium flowing past the airfoil 406.

Bei herkömmlichen Schaufeln 120, 130 werden in allen Bereichen 400, 403, 406 der Schaufel 120, 130 beispielsweise massive metallische Werkstoffe, insbesondere Superlegierungen verwendet.In conventional blades 120, 130, for example, solid metallic materials, in particular superalloys, are used in all regions 400, 403, 406 of the blade 120, 130.

Solche Superlegierungen sind beispielsweise aus der EP 1 204 776 B1 , EP 1 306 454 , EP 1 319 729 A1 , WO 99/67435 oder WO 00/44949 bekannt.Such superalloys are for example from EP 1 204 776 B1 . EP 1 306 454 . EP 1 319 729 A1 . WO 99/67435 or WO 00/44949 known.

Die Schaufel 120, 130 kann hierbei durch ein Gussverfahren, auch mittels gerichteter Erstarrung, durch ein Schmiedeverfahren, durch ein Fräsverfahren oder Kombinationen daraus gefertigt sein.The blade 120, 130 can be made by a casting process, also by directional solidification, by a forging process, by a milling process or combinations thereof.

Werkstücke mit einkristalliner Struktur oder Strukturen werden als Bauteile für Maschinen eingesetzt, die im Betrieb hohen mechanischen, thermischen und/oder chemischen Belastungen ausgesetzt sind.Workpieces with a monocrystalline structure or structures are used as components for machines which are exposed to high mechanical, thermal and / or chemical stresses during operation.

Die Fertigung von derartigen einkristallinen Werkstücken erfolgt z.B. durch gerichtetes Erstarren aus der Schmelze. Es handelt sich dabei um Gießverfahren, bei denen die flüssige metallische Legierung zur einkristallinen Struktur, d.h. zum einkristallinen Werkstück, oder gerichtet erstarrt.The production of such monocrystalline workpieces takes place e.g. by directed solidification from the melt. These are casting processes in which the liquid metallic alloy is transformed into a monocrystalline structure, i. to the single-crystal workpiece, or directionally solidified.

Dabei werden dendritische Kristalle entlang dem Wärmefluss ausgerichtet und bilden entweder eine stängelkristalline Kornstruktur (kolumnar, d.h. Körner, die über die ganze Länge des Werkstückes verlaufen und hier, dem allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch nach, als gerichtet erstarrt bezeichnet werden) oder eine einkristalline Struktur, d.h. das ganze Werkstück besteht aus einem einzigen Kristall. In diesen Verfahren muss man den Übergang zur globulitischen (polykristallinen) Erstarrung meiden, da sich durch ungerichtetes Wachstum notwendigerweise transversale und longitudinale Korngrenzen ausbilden, welche die guten Eigenschaften des gerichtet erstarrten oder einkristallinen Bauteiles zunichte machen.Here, dendritic crystals are aligned along the heat flow and form either a columnar grain structure (columnar, i.e., grains that run the full length of the workpiece and here, in common usage, are referred to as directionally solidified) or a monocrystalline structure, i. the whole workpiece consists of a single crystal. In these processes, it is necessary to avoid the transition to globulitic (polycrystalline) solidification, since non-directional growth necessarily produces transverse and longitudinal grain boundaries which negate the good properties of the directionally solidified or monocrystalline component.

Ist allgemein von gerichtet erstarrten Gefügen die Rede, so sind damit sowohl Einkristalle gemeint, die keine Korngrenzen oder höchstens Kleinwinkelkorngrenzen aufweisen, als auch Stängelkristallstrukturen, die wohl in longitudinaler Richtung verlaufende Korngrenzen, aber keine transversalen Korngrenzen aufweisen. Bei diesen zweitgenannten kristallinen Strukturen spricht man auch von gerichtet erstarrten Gefügen (directionally solidified structures).The term generally refers to directionally solidified microstructures, which means both single crystals that have no grain boundaries or at most small angle grain boundaries, and stem crystal structures that have probably longitudinal grain boundaries but no transverse grain boundaries. These second-mentioned crystalline structures are also known as directionally solidified structures.

Solche Verfahren sind aus der US-PS 6,024,792 und der EP 0 892 090 A1 bekannt.Such methods are known from U.S. Patent 6,024,792 and the EP 0 892 090 A1 known.

Ebenso können die Schaufeln 120, 130 Beschichtungen gegen Korrosion oder Oxidation aufweisen, z. B. (MCrAlX; M ist zumindest ein Element der Gruppe Eisen (Fe), Kobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), X ist ein Aktivelement und steht für Yttrium (Y) und/oder Silizium und/oder zumindest ein Element der Seltenen Erden, bzw. Hafnium (Hf)). Solche Legierungen sind bekannt aus der EP 0 486 489 B1 , EP 0 786 017 B1 , EP 0 412 397 B1 oder EP 1 306 454 A1 .Likewise, the blades 120, 130 may have coatings against corrosion or oxidation, e.g. M is at least one element of the group iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), X is an active element and stands for yttrium (Y) and / or silicon and / or at least one element of the rare ones Earth, or hafnium (Hf)). Such alloys are known from the EP 0 486 489 B1 . EP 0 786 017 B1 . EP 0 412 397 B1 or EP 1 306 454 A1 ,

Die Dichte liegt vorzugsweise bei 95% der theoretischen Dichte.The density is preferably 95% of the theoretical density.

Auf der MCrAlX-Schicht (als Zwischenschicht oder als äußerste Schicht) bildet sich eine schützende Aluminiumoxidschicht (TGO = thermal grown oxide layer).A protective aluminum oxide layer (TGO = thermal grown oxide layer) is formed on the MCrAlX layer (as an intermediate layer or as the outermost layer).

Vorzugsweise weist die Schichtzusammensetzung Co-30Ni-28Cr-8Al-0,6Y-0,7Si oder Co-28Ni-24Cr-10Al-0,6Y auf. Neben diesen kobaltbasierten Schutzbeschichtungen werden auch vorzugsweise nickelbasierte Schutzschichten verwendet wie Ni-10Cr-12Al-0,6Y-3Re oder Ni-12Co-21Cr-11Al-0,4Y-2Re oder Ni-25Co-17Cr-10Al-0,4Y-1,5Re.Preferably, the layer composition comprises Co-30Ni-28Cr-8Al-0.6Y-0.7Si or Co-28Ni-24Cr-10Al-0.6Y. In addition to these cobalt-based protective coatings, nickel-based protective layers such as Ni-10Cr-12Al-0.6Y-3Re or Ni-12Co-21Cr-11Al-0.4Y-2Re or Ni-25Co-17Cr-10Al-0.4Y-1 are also preferably used , 5RE.

Auf der MCrAlX kann noch eine Wärmedämmschicht vorhanden sein, die vorzugsweise die äußerste Schicht ist, und besteht beispielsweise aus ZrO2, Y2O3-ZrO2, d.h. sie ist nicht, teilweise oder vollständig stabilisiert durch Yttriumoxid und/oder Kalziumoxid und/oder Magnesiumoxid.On the MCrAlX may still be present a thermal barrier coating, which is preferably the outermost layer, and consists for example of ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 , ie it is not, partially or completely stabilized by yttria and / or calcium oxide and / or magnesium oxide.

Die Wärmedämmschicht bedeckt die gesamte MCrAlX-Schicht. Durch geeignete Beschichtungsverfahren wie z.B. Elektronenstrahlverdampfen (EB-PVD) werden stängelförmige Körner in der Wärmedämmschicht erzeugt.The thermal barrier coating covers the entire MCrAlX layer. By suitable coating methods, e.g. Electron beam evaporation (EB-PVD) produces stalk-shaped grains in the thermal barrier coating.

Andere Beschichtungsverfahren sind denkbar, z.B. atmosphärisches Plasmaspritzen (APS), LPPS, VPS oder CVD. Die Wärmedämmschicht kann poröse, mikro- oder makrorissbehaftete Körner zur besseren Thermoschockbeständigkeit aufweisen. Die Wärmedämmschicht ist also vorzugsweise poröser als die MCrAlX-Schicht.Other coating methods are conceivable, e.g. atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), LPPS, VPS or CVD. The thermal barrier coating may have porous, micro- or macro-cracked grains for better thermal shock resistance. The thermal barrier coating is therefore preferably more porous than the MCrAlX layer.

Wiederaufarbeitung (Refurbishment) bedeutet, dass Bauteile 120, 130 nach ihrem Einsatz gegebenenfalls von Schutzschichten befreit werden müssen (z.B. durch Sandstrahlen). Danach erfolgt eine Entfernung der Korrosions- und/oder Oxidationsschichten bzw. -produkte. Gegebenenfalls werden auch noch Risse im Bauteil 120, 130 repariert. Danach erfolgt eine Wiederbeschichtung des Bauteils 120, 130 und ein erneuter Einsatz des Bauteils 120, 130.Refurbishment means that components 120, 130 may need to be deprotected after use (e.g., by sandblasting). This is followed by removal of the corrosion and / or oxidation layers or products. Optionally, even cracks in the component 120, 130 are repaired. This is followed by a re-coating of the component 120, 130 and a renewed use of the component 120, 130.

Die Schaufel 120, 130 kann hohl oder massiv ausgeführt sein.The blade 120, 130 may be hollow or solid.

Wenn die Schaufel 120, 130 gekühlt werden soll, ist sie hohl und weist ggf. noch Filmkühllöcher 418 (gestrichelt angedeutet) auf.If the blade 120, 130 is to be cooled, it is hollow and may still film cooling holes 418 (indicated by dashed lines) on.

Claims (12)

Plasmaspritzdüse (1),
die in ihrem Innenkanal (4) an einem Ende (19) einen divergenten Anteil (16) aufweist,
die zumindest ein Loch (7, 7', 7", 7"') zur Pulverinjektion aufweist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das zumindest eine Loch (7, 7', 7", 7"') zur Pulverinjektion nicht im divergenten Bereich (16) angeordnet ist und
dass die Plasmaspritzdüse (1) äußere Kühlrippen (10) aufweist,
insbesondere zwischen dem divergenten Anteil (16) und dem zumindest einem Loch (7, 7', 7", 7"').Plasma spray nozzle (1),
in its inner channel (4) at one end (19) has a divergent portion (16),
which has at least one hole (7, 7 ', 7 ", 7"') for powder injection,
characterized,
that the at least one hole (7, 7 ', 7 ", 7"') for powder injection is not arranged in the divergent region (16) and
that the plasma spray nozzle (1) has outer cooling ribs (10),
in particular between the divergent portion (16) and the at least one hole (7, 7 ', 7 ", 7"'). Plasmaspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das zumindest eine Loch (7, 7', 7", 7"') nahe dem divergenten Bereich (16) gegenüberliegenden Ende (28) angeordnet ist.Plasma spray nozzle according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the at least one hole (7, 7 ', 7 ", 7"') is arranged near the divergent region (16) opposite end (28). Plasmaspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Plasmaspritzdüse (1) zumindest zwei, insbesondere drei Löcher (7', 7", 7"') zur Pulverinjektion aufweist.Plasma spray nozzle according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the plasma spray nozzle (1) has at least two, in particular three holes (7 ', 7 ", 7"') for powder injection. Plasmaspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
sie (1) einen äußeren Dichtungsring (13),
insbesondere zwischen den Kühlrippen(10),
aufweist.Plasma spray nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that
they (1) have an outer sealing ring (13),
in particular between the cooling fins (10),
having. Plasmaspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3 oder 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
sie (1) einen Absatz (25) am Beginn des divergenten Anteils (16) aufweist.Plasma spray nozzle according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4,
characterized in that
it (1) has a shoulder (25) at the beginning of the divergent portion (16). Plasmaspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4 oder 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
sie (1) im Innenkanal (4) einen divergenten Anteil (16) und einen Anteil (15) mit konstantem Querschnitt aufweist, insbesondere daraus besteht.Plasma spray nozzle according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,
characterized in that
it (1) in the inner channel (4) has a divergent portion (16) and a portion (15) with a constant cross-section, in particular consists thereof. Plasmaspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 oder 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Außendurchmesser der Düse (1) am Ende (19) des divergenten Bereichs (16) kleiner ist als der Außendurchmesser am anderen Endes (28) der Düse (1).Plasma spray nozzle according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6,
characterized in that
the outer diameter of the nozzle (1) at the end (19) of the divergent portion (16) is smaller than the outer diameter at the other end (28) of the nozzle (1). Plasmaspritzdüse nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der axiale Abstand des zumindest einen Lochs (7, 7', 7", 7"') zum Ende (19) des divergenten Bereichs (16) mindestens 60%,
insbesondere 70%,
ganz insbesonder 80% der Gesamtlänge (L) der Düse (1) beträgt.Plasma spray nozzle according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the axial distance between the at least one hole (7, 7 ', 7 ", 7"') and the end (19) of the divergent area (16) is at least 60%,
especially 70%,
in particular 80% of the total length (L) of the nozzle (1). Plasmaspritzdüse nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Loch (7, 7', 7", 7"') an seinem Ende beim Eintritt in den Innenkanal (4) eine Verjüngung (8) aufweist.Plasma spray nozzle according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the hole (7, 7 ', 7 ", 7"') at its end when entering the inner channel (4) has a taper (8). Plasmaspritzdüse nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Innenkanal (4) radialsymmetrisch ausgebildet ist.Plasma spray nozzle according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the inner channel (4) is radially symmetrical. Plasmaspritzdüse nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Innenkanal (4) länger ausgebildet ist als der divergente Bereich (16), insbesondere 60%, ganz insbesondere 75% der Gesamtlänge aufweist.Plasma spray nozzle according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the inner channel (4) is designed to be longer than the divergent region (16), in particular 60%, in particular 75% of the total length. Plasmaspritzdüse nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der divergente Bereich (16) radialsymmetrisch ausgebildet ist.Plasma spray nozzle according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the divergent region (16) is radially symmetrical.
EP12007031.3A 2009-11-04 2009-11-04 Plasma spray nozzle with internal injection Not-in-force EP2547179B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP12007031.3A EP2547179B1 (en) 2009-11-04 2009-11-04 Plasma spray nozzle with internal injection

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EP09013864.5A EP2320714B1 (en) 2009-11-04 2009-11-04 Plasma spray nozzle with internal injection
EP12007031.3A EP2547179B1 (en) 2009-11-04 2009-11-04 Plasma spray nozzle with internal injection

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EP09013864.5 Division 2009-11-04

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EP2547179A2 true EP2547179A2 (en) 2013-01-16
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EP12007031.3A Not-in-force EP2547179B1 (en) 2009-11-04 2009-11-04 Plasma spray nozzle with internal injection
EP09013864.5A Not-in-force EP2320714B1 (en) 2009-11-04 2009-11-04 Plasma spray nozzle with internal injection
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EP20120007145 Withdrawn EP2549839A3 (en) 2009-11-04 2009-11-04 Plasma spray nozzle with internal injection

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US (2) US8528835B2 (en)
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CN104298164B (en) * 2014-09-11 2017-11-03 芜湖鼎瀚再制造技术有限公司 A kind of plasma spraying electric-control system
CN104233173B (en) * 2014-09-12 2016-09-21 芜湖鼎瀚再制造技术有限公司 A kind of plasma spraying performs system
CN104233172B (en) * 2014-09-12 2016-11-30 芜湖鼎瀚再制造技术有限公司 A kind of plasma spraying system of processing

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2547178A3 (en) 2013-04-24
EP2547179B1 (en) 2016-03-23
US20130334176A1 (en) 2013-12-19
EP2549839A2 (en) 2013-01-23
CN102071390A (en) 2011-05-25
US8528835B2 (en) 2013-09-10
EP2549839A3 (en) 2013-04-24
EP2547179A3 (en) 2013-04-24
EP2547178A2 (en) 2013-01-16
US20110101125A1 (en) 2011-05-05
EP2320714B1 (en) 2013-05-15
EP2320714A1 (en) 2011-05-11
EP2547178B1 (en) 2014-07-16
CN102071390B (en) 2014-12-17
US9309587B2 (en) 2016-04-12

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