EP2545268B1 - Fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2545268B1
EP2545268B1 EP11702981.9A EP11702981A EP2545268B1 EP 2545268 B1 EP2545268 B1 EP 2545268B1 EP 11702981 A EP11702981 A EP 11702981A EP 2545268 B1 EP2545268 B1 EP 2545268B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
pump
fuel injection
internal combustion
combustion engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11702981.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2545268A1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Boecking
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP2545268A1 publication Critical patent/EP2545268A1/en
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Publication of EP2545268B1 publication Critical patent/EP2545268B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/38—Pumps characterised by adaptations to special uses or conditions
    • F02M59/42—Pumps characterised by adaptations to special uses or conditions for starting of engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D33/00—Controlling delivery of fuel or combustion-air, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D33/003—Controlling the feeding of liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus ; Failure or leakage prevention; Diagnosis or detection of failure; Arrangement of sensors in the fuel system; Electric wiring; Electrostatic discharge
    • F02D33/006—Controlling the feeding of liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus ; Failure or leakage prevention; Diagnosis or detection of failure; Arrangement of sensors in the fuel system; Electric wiring; Electrostatic discharge depending on engine operating conditions, e.g. start, stop or ambient conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
    • F02D41/3836—Controlling the fuel pressure
    • F02D41/3845—Controlling the fuel pressure by controlling the flow into the common rail, e.g. the amount of fuel pumped
    • F02D41/3854—Controlling the fuel pressure by controlling the flow into the common rail, e.g. the amount of fuel pumped with elements in the low pressure part, e.g. low pressure pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M41/00—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor
    • F02M41/02—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor being spaced from pumping elements
    • F02M41/06—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor being spaced from pumping elements the distributor rotating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/12—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps having other positive-displacement pumping elements, e.g. rotary
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/0265—Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/027—More than one high pressure pump feeding a single common rail
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/30—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines
    • F02M69/34—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines with an auxiliary fuel circuit supplying fuel to the engine, e.g. with the fuel pump outlet being directly connected to injection nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/30—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines
    • F02M69/36—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines having an enrichment mechanism modifying fuel flow to injectors, e.g. by acting on the fuel metering device or on the valves throttling fuel passages to injection nozzles or overflow passages
    • F02M69/42—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines having an enrichment mechanism modifying fuel flow to injectors, e.g. by acting on the fuel metering device or on the valves throttling fuel passages to injection nozzles or overflow passages using other means than variable fluid pressure, e.g. acting on the fuel metering device mechanically or electrically

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine having a prefeed pump and a downstream high-pressure pump, which is connected to a high pressure accumulator and wherein the high pressure accumulator is operatively connected to at least one fuel injector.
  • Such a fuel injection system is known from DE 10 2004 018 843 A1 known.
  • This fuel injection system is designed as a common-rail injection system.
  • the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator (rail) may decrease to such an extent that for a subsequent start of the internal combustion engine, there is no sufficiently high fuel pressure available for injecting fuel into the fuel injector associated combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine would be required.
  • the fuel injection system has an electronic control module, which has a Vorphilllalgorithmus.
  • the prefill algorithm operates to activate an electrically driven pump when the high pressure accumulator is in a non-prefilled state.
  • the electronic control module is in communication with at least one sensor that can determine the state of the fuel injection system.
  • a disadvantage of this system is that in any case, until a start of the internal combustion engine, a not insignificant period of time passes, which is necessary in order to build up the necessary fuel pressure. In addition, the construction cost of the system is high.
  • Another fuel injection system is out of the DE 198 48 831 A1 known. In this fuel injection system, the high pressure pump is disabled during startup and the prefeed pump delivers to the successful start directly to the fuel injectors the fuel required for injection. After the start of the engine, the high-pressure pump is switched on. The prefeed pump then continues to deliver fuel to the high pressure pump with the pressure set during the startup phase. Accordingly, the feed pump must be robust and powerful.
  • Another fuel injection system is out of the DE 198 53 823 A1 known.
  • the priming pump can generate an increased pressure during the start, which is used to ultimately fill the high-pressure accumulator faster together with the high-pressure pump.
  • the system is operated map-controlled so that as much fuel is introduced into the high-pressure accumulator, as is injected from the fuel injectors in the associated combustion chambers.
  • a fuel system in which the delivery rate of a prefeed pump is increased at startup to force vapor bubbles out of the lines.
  • the prefeed pump is always operated together with the high-pressure pump.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a fuel injection system and to provide a method for operating such a fuel system, which avoids the known disadvantages and allows a quick start of the internal combustion engine. This is to follow with a low construction cost.
  • the prefeed pump is designed for the generation of a delivery pressure with which takes place in a startup process of the internal combustion engine, a fuel injection by means of the fuel injector and that the prefeed pump generates an opening pressure of up to 120 bar. This opening pressure corresponds to the opening pressure of the fuel injector.
  • a corresponding method for operating the fuel injection system provides that the prefeed pump is operated until a successful engine start in a start operating mode, that during the start operating mode, a fuel injection by the fuel injector with the delivery pressure generated by the feed pump that the prefeed pump after the engine has been started in a Vor organissesmodus is operated and that the pre-pressure pump in the start operating mode to a delivery pressure of up to 120 bar and in Vor organ istausmodus to a delivery pressure of up to 8 bar is adjusted.
  • An essential idea of the present invention is not to use additional pumps or control modules, which are used solely for the start of the internal combustion engine, but to design components required for the normal operation of the internal combustion engine such that they enable a quick start of the internal combustion engine.
  • the present invention is based on the recognition that it is sufficient for a successful engine start when a fuel pressure is available in the starting phase, which corresponds to the opening pressure of the fuel injector. Upon reaching such a fuel pressure fuel can be injected from the fuel injector into the corresponding working space of the internal combustion engine and the start of the internal combustion engine can be brought about. This opening pressure can be achieved much faster than the normal operating pressure, which can be up to 3,000 bar today.
  • the prefeed pump is designed so that it generates a front pressure of about 80-120 bar. Since this pressure only needs to be generated at short notice, it is not necessary to design the prefeed pump so that it can generate such a delivery pressure continuously and permanently. Rather, it is perfectly sufficient to design the startup mode of operation as the overload mode of operation, which is to be provided only for a short time.
  • the prefeed pump is a gear pump.
  • this gear pump as is provided in a further embodiment, is electrically operated, such a start operating mode is easy to implement by the prefeed pump is operated with a higher electrical power.
  • the prefeed pump is then operated in a Vor organsmodus in a further embodiment of the invention, in which case the delivery pressure is up to 8 bar.
  • a Vor Vor atomurgius
  • Such an approximately 15-fold overload can be realized in the short term without disadvantages with regard to the durability of a gear pump operated in this way with the electrically driven gear pump shown.
  • other suitable prefeed pumps can be used within the scope of the invention.
  • a high pressure pump work space of the high pressure pump is connected to a suction valve and a check valve.
  • the suction valve is connected via a metering unit with the prefeed pump, while the check valve is connected directly to the high-pressure accumulator.
  • the fuel injection system according to FIG. 1 has a prefeed pump 1, which is designed as a gear pump.
  • the prefeed pump 1 is operated by an electric motor 2 and the prefeed pump 1 sucks fuel, in particular diesel fuel from a tank 3, possibly with the involvement of a filter device.
  • the funded by the feed pump 1 fuel is supplied via a normally electrically operated metering unit 4 and a suction valve 5 to the high-pressure working chamber 6 of a high-pressure pump 7.
  • the high-pressure working chamber 6 is further connected via a check valve 8 with a high-pressure accumulator 9.
  • the high-pressure accumulator 9 is in turn connected via high-pressure lines with fuel injectors 10 corresponding to the number of cylinder units of the internal combustion engine.
  • the metering unit 4 controls the amount of fuel supplied to the high-pressure pump 7 as a function of the fuel pressure prevailing in the high-pressure accumulator 9.
  • the metering unit 4 is switched so that its control panel is open, that is, the entire amount of fuel delivered by the prefeed pump 1 of the high-pressure pump 7 is supplied.
  • the suction valve 5 is configured such that during the pumping operation of the high-pressure pump, the fuel located in the high-pressure working space 6 can not get back into the line to the metering unit 4.
  • the high-pressure pump has one or more pump pistons 11, which is moved up and down by a drive shaft in one or more pump cylinders 12 and delivers the fuel introduced into the high-pressure pump working space 6 via a suction valve into the high-pressure accumulator 9 via the check valve 8 ,
  • the parabolic curve 13 represents the delivery pressure that can be represented by the prefeed pump 1 in the start operating mode, wherein a delivery pressure of 80-120 bar is achieved in the region of the parabolic tip.
  • the delivery pressure is controlled from the parabolic curve 13 in a control range 14 so that the delivery pressure can be maintained over a corresponding period of time at the level of 120 bar, then then according to the dashed curve 13a to the prefeed pressure in the range of 1-8 bar to be reset.
  • the pressure rise 15 generated by the high-pressure pump 7 is shown in the diagram, which is generated after starting the internal combustion engine.
  • the simultaneous injection by the fuel injectors 10 is shown.
  • the first injection 16 takes place at the time in which a delivery pressure of 120 bar is achieved by the prefeed pump 1 in accordance with the parabolic curve 13.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Vorförderpumpe und einer nachgeschalteten Hochdruckpumpe, die mit einem Hochdruckspeicher verschaltet ist und wobei der Hochdruckspeicher mit zumindest einem Kraftstoffinjektor wirkverbunden ist.The invention relates to a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine having a prefeed pump and a downstream high-pressure pump, which is connected to a high pressure accumulator and wherein the high pressure accumulator is operatively connected to at least one fuel injector.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Ein derartiges Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem ist aus der DE 10 2004 018 843 A1 bekannt. Dieses Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem ist als Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem ausgelegt. Bei einem Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem kann nach einem Stopp der Brennkraftmaschine der Druck in dem Hochdruckspeicher (Rail) soweit absinken, dass für einen anschließenden Start der Brennkraftmaschine kein genügend hoher Kraftstoffdruck zur Verfügung steht, der für eine Einspritzung von Kraftstoff mittels eines Kraftstoffinjektors in den zugehörigen Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine erforderlich wäre. Um dennoch einen Start der Brennkraftmaschine ermöglichen zu können, weist das Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem ein elektronisches Steuermodul auf, welches einen Vorfüllalgorithmus aufweist. Der Vorfüllalgorithmus ist dahingehend wirksam, dass eine elektrisch angetriebene Pumpe aktiviert wird, wenn der Hochdruckspeicher in einem nicht vorgefüllten Zustand ist. Das elektronische Steuermodul steht in Verbindung mit mindestens einem Sensor, der den Zustand des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems ermitteln kann. Nachteilig an diesem System ist es, dass in jedem Fall bis zu einem Start der Brennkraftmaschine eine nicht unbedeutende Zeitspanne vergeht, die notwendig ist, um den nötigen Kraftstoffdruck aufzubauen. Zudem ist der Bauaufwand des Systems hoch. Ein weiteres Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem ist aus der DE 198 48 831 A1 bekannt. Bei diesem Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem ist während des Starts die Hochdruckpumpe außer Kraft gesetzt und die Vorförderpumpe liefert bis zum erfolgten Start direkt an die Kraftstoffinjektoren den zur Einspritzung benötigten Kraftstoff. Nach dem Start der Brennkraftmaschine wird die Hochdruckpumpe zugeschaltet. Die Vorförderpumpe liefert dann weiterhin mit dem während der Startphase eingestellten Druck Kraftstoff an die Hochdruckpumpe. Entsprechend muss die Vorförderpumpe robust und leistungsstarke ausgebildet sein.Such a fuel injection system is known from DE 10 2004 018 843 A1 known. This fuel injection system is designed as a common-rail injection system. In a common rail injection system, after a stop of the internal combustion engine, the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator (rail) may decrease to such an extent that for a subsequent start of the internal combustion engine, there is no sufficiently high fuel pressure available for injecting fuel into the fuel injector associated combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine would be required. In order nevertheless to enable a start of the internal combustion engine, the fuel injection system has an electronic control module, which has a Vorfüllalgorithmus. The prefill algorithm operates to activate an electrically driven pump when the high pressure accumulator is in a non-prefilled state. The electronic control module is in communication with at least one sensor that can determine the state of the fuel injection system. A disadvantage of this system is that in any case, until a start of the internal combustion engine, a not insignificant period of time passes, which is necessary in order to build up the necessary fuel pressure. In addition, the construction cost of the system is high. Another fuel injection system is out of the DE 198 48 831 A1 known. In this fuel injection system, the high pressure pump is disabled during startup and the prefeed pump delivers to the successful start directly to the fuel injectors the fuel required for injection. After the start of the engine, the high-pressure pump is switched on. The prefeed pump then continues to deliver fuel to the high pressure pump with the pressure set during the startup phase. Accordingly, the feed pump must be robust and powerful.

Ein anderes Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem ist aus der DE 198 53 823 A1 bekannt. Bei diesem Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem kann die Vorförderpumpe während des Starts einen erhöhten Druck erzeugen, der eingesetzt wird, um letztendlich zusammen mit der Hochdruckpumpe den Hochdruckspeicher schneller zu befüllen. Das System wird kennfeldgesteuert so betrieben, dass in den Hochdruckspeicher so viel Kraftstoff eingebracht wird, wie von den Kraftstoffinjektoren in die zugeordneten Brennräume eingespritzt wird.Another fuel injection system is out of the DE 198 53 823 A1 known. In this fuel injection system, the priming pump can generate an increased pressure during the start, which is used to ultimately fill the high-pressure accumulator faster together with the high-pressure pump. The system is operated map-controlled so that as much fuel is introduced into the high-pressure accumulator, as is injected from the fuel injectors in the associated combustion chambers.

Aus der DE 198 18 421 A1 ist ein Kraftstoffsystem bekannt, bei dem die Förderleistung einer Vorförderpumpe beim Start erhöht wird, um Dampfblasen aus den Leitungen zu drücken. Die Vorförderpumpe wird aber immer zusammen mit der Hochdruckpumpe betrieben.From the DE 198 18 421 A1 For example, a fuel system is known in which the delivery rate of a prefeed pump is increased at startup to force vapor bubbles out of the lines. The prefeed pump is always operated together with the high-pressure pump.

Ähnliche Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem sind aus der US 5,794,586 A , der EP 1 544 447 A2 und der DE 103 41 789 A1 bekannt.Similar fuel injection system are from the US 5,794,586 A , of the EP 1 544 447 A2 and the DE 103 41 789 A1 known.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem bereitzustellen und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines derartigen Kraftstoffsystems anzugeben, das die bekannten Nachteile vermeidet und einen schnellen Start der Brennkraftmaschine ermöglicht. Dies soll mit einem geringen Bauaufwand er-folgen.The invention is based on the object to provide a fuel injection system and to provide a method for operating such a fuel system, which avoids the known disadvantages and allows a quick start of the internal combustion engine. This is to follow with a low construction cost.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass die Vorförderpumpe für die Erzeugung eines Förderdrucks ausgelegt ist, mit dem in einem Startvorgang der Brennkraftmaschine eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung mittels des Kraftstoffinjektors erfolgt und dass die Vorförderpumpe einen Öffnungsdruck von bis zu 120 bar erzeugt. Dieser Öffnungsdruck entspricht dem Öffnungsdruck des Kraftstoffinjektors. Ein entsprechendes Verfahren zum Betreiben des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems sieht vor, dass die Vorförderpumpe bis zu einem erfolgten Brennkraftmaschinenstart in einem Startbetriebsmodus betrieben wird, dass während des Startbetriebsmodus eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung durch den Kraftstoffinjektor mit dem von der Vorförderpumpe erzeugten Förderdruck erfolgt, dass die Vorförderpumpe nach dem erfolgten Brennkraftmaschinenstart in einen Vorförderbetriebsmodus betrieben wird und dass die Vordruckpumpe im Startbetriebsmodus auf einen Förderdruck von bis zu 120 bar und im Vorförderbetriebsmodus auf einen Förderdruck von bis zu 8 bar eingeregelt wird. Ein wesentlicher Gedanke der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, keine zusätzlichen Pumpen oder Steuermodule zu verwenden, die alleinig für den Start der Brennkraftmaschine verwendet werden, sondern für den Normalbetrieb der Brennkraftmaschine benötigte Komponenten dahingehend auszulegen, dass diese einen schnellen Start der Brennkraftmaschine ermöglichen. Hierbei geht die vorliegende Erfindung von der Erkenntnis aus, dass es für einen erfolgreichen Brennkraftmaschinenstart ausreicht, wenn in der Startphase ein Kraft-stoffdruck bereitsteht, der dem Öffnungsdruck des Kraftstoffinjektors entspricht. Mit Erreichen eines solchen Kraftstoffdrucks kann Brennstoff von dem Kraftstoffinjektor in den entsprechenden Arbeitsraum der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt werden und der Start der Brennkraftmaschine herbeigeführt werden. Dieser Öffnungsdruck kann wesentlich schneller erreicht werden als der normale Betriebsdruck, der heute bis zu 3.000 bar betragen kann.This object is achieved in that the prefeed pump is designed for the generation of a delivery pressure with which takes place in a startup process of the internal combustion engine, a fuel injection by means of the fuel injector and that the prefeed pump generates an opening pressure of up to 120 bar. This opening pressure corresponds to the opening pressure of the fuel injector. A corresponding method for operating the fuel injection system provides that the prefeed pump is operated until a successful engine start in a start operating mode, that during the start operating mode, a fuel injection by the fuel injector with the delivery pressure generated by the feed pump that the prefeed pump after the engine has been started in a Vorförderbetriebsmodus is operated and that the pre-pressure pump in the start operating mode to a delivery pressure of up to 120 bar and in Vorförderbetriebsmodus to a delivery pressure of up to 8 bar is adjusted. An essential idea of the present invention is not to use additional pumps or control modules, which are used solely for the start of the internal combustion engine, but to design components required for the normal operation of the internal combustion engine such that they enable a quick start of the internal combustion engine. Here, the present invention is based on the recognition that it is sufficient for a successful engine start when a fuel pressure is available in the starting phase, which corresponds to the opening pressure of the fuel injector. Upon reaching such a fuel pressure fuel can be injected from the fuel injector into the corresponding working space of the internal combustion engine and the start of the internal combustion engine can be brought about. This opening pressure can be achieved much faster than the normal operating pressure, which can be up to 3,000 bar today.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Vorförderpumpe so ausgelegt, dass diese einen Vorderdruck von ca. 80-120 bar erzeugt. Da dieser Druck nur kurzfristig erzeugt werden muss, ist es nicht notwendig, die Vorförderpumpe so auszulegen, dass diese einen solchen Förderdruck kontinuierlich und dauerhaft erzeugen kann. Vielmehr ist es vollkommen ausreichend, den Startbetriebsmodus als Überlastbetriebsmodus auszulegen, der nur kurzfristig bereitzustellen ist.In a further development of the invention, the prefeed pump is designed so that it generates a front pressure of about 80-120 bar. Since this pressure only needs to be generated at short notice, it is not necessary to design the prefeed pump so that it can generate such a delivery pressure continuously and permanently. Rather, it is perfectly sufficient to design the startup mode of operation as the overload mode of operation, which is to be provided only for a short time.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Vorförderpumpe eine Zahnradpumpe. Insbesondere wenn diese Zahnradpumpe, wie in weiterer Ausgestaltung vorgesehen ist, elektrisch betrieben wird, ist ein solcher Startbetriebsmodus einfach realisierbar, indem die Vorförderpumpe mit einer höheren elektrischen Leistung betrieben wird. Nach dem erfolgten Start der Brennkraftmaschine wird dann in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die Vorförderpumpe in einem Vorförderbetriebsmodus betrieben, wobei dann der Förderdruck bis zu 8 bar beträgt. Eine solche ca. 15-fache Überlast ist mit der dargestellten elektrisch betriebenen Zahnradpumpe kurzfristig ohne Nachteile hinsichtlich der Dauerhaltbarkeit einer solchermaßen betriebenen Zahnradpumpe realisierbar. Selbstverständlich können im Rahmen der Erfindung auch andere geeignete Vorförderpumpen verwendet werden.In a further embodiment of the invention, the prefeed pump is a gear pump. In particular, when this gear pump, as is provided in a further embodiment, is electrically operated, such a start operating mode is easy to implement by the prefeed pump is operated with a higher electrical power. After the successful start of the internal combustion engine, the prefeed pump is then operated in a Vorförderbetriebsmodus in a further embodiment of the invention, in which case the delivery pressure is up to 8 bar. Such an approximately 15-fold overload can be realized in the short term without disadvantages with regard to the durability of a gear pump operated in this way with the electrically driven gear pump shown. Of course, other suitable prefeed pumps can be used within the scope of the invention.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist ein Hochdruckpumpenarbeitsraum der Hochdruckpumpe mit einem Saugventil und einem Rückschlagventil verschaltet. Dabei ist das Saugventil über eine Zumesseinheit mit der Vorförderpumpe verschaltet, während das Rückschlagventil direkt mit dem Hochdruckspeicher verschaltet ist. Durch diese Ausgestaltung ist es möglich, den Hochdruckspeicher quasi unter Umgehung der Hochdruckpumpe von der Vorförderpumpe zu befüllen. Hierbei ist es dann gleichgültig, wie die Hochdruckpumpe konstruktiv ausgelegt ist. Da die Hochdruckpumpe aber immer mechanisch von beispielsweise der Kurbelwelle oder der Nockenwelle der Brennkraftmaschine angetrieben ist, wird die Hochdruckpumpe während des Starts der Brennkraftmaschine nur mit einer niedrigen Startdrehzahl betrieben. Bei einer solchen geringen Startdrehzahl sind aber auch die Druckverluste, die sich beispielsweise über die Lager der Antriebswelle der Hochdruckpumpe ergeben, gering. Hier ist es so, dass im Normalbetrieb der Hochdruckpumpe durch die Lager bewusst eine geringe Kraftstoffmenge abgeführt wird, um eine Schmierung der Lager und/oder Entlüftung der Hochdruckpumpe sicherzustellen.In a further development of the invention, a high pressure pump work space of the high pressure pump is connected to a suction valve and a check valve. The suction valve is connected via a metering unit with the prefeed pump, while the check valve is connected directly to the high-pressure accumulator. With this configuration, it is possible to fill the high pressure accumulator quasi bypassing the high pressure pump from the prefeed pump. It is then immaterial how the high-pressure pump is designed. However, since the high-pressure pump is always driven mechanically by, for example, the crankshaft or the camshaft of the internal combustion engine, the high-pressure pump is only operated at a low starting rpm during the start of the internal combustion engine. At such a low starting speed but also the pressure losses, resulting for example on the bearings of the drive shaft of the high-pressure pump, low. Here it is so that during normal operation of the high-pressure pump through the bearings deliberately a small amount of fuel is removed to ensure lubrication of the bearing and / or venting of the high-pressure pump.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind der Zeichnungsbeschreibung zu entnehmen, in der ein in den Figuren dargestelltes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher beschrieben ist.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the drawings, in which an illustrated in the figures embodiment of the invention is described in detail.

Kurzbeschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
die schaltungstechnische Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems und
Figur 2
ein Diagramm zur Drucksteuerung des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems.
Show it:
FIG. 1
the circuit design of the fuel injection system according to the invention and
FIG. 2
a diagram for pressure control of the fuel injection system.

Das Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem gemäß Figur 1 weist eine Vorförderpumpe 1 auf, die als Zahnradpumpe ausgebildet ist. Die Vorförderpumpe 1 wird von einem Elektromotor 2 betrieben und die Vorförderpumpe 1 saugt Kraftstoff, insbesondere Dieselkraftstoff aus einem Tank 3 ggf. unter Einschaltung einer Filtereinrichtung an. Der von der Vorförderpumpe 1 geförderte Kraftstoff wird über eine normalerweise elektrisch betriebene Zumesseinheit 4 und ein Saugventil 5 dem Hochdruckarbeitsraum 6 einer Hochdruckpumpe 7 zugeführt. Der Hochdruckarbeitsraum 6 ist weiter über ein Rückschlagventil 8 mit einem Hochdruckspeicher 9 verschaltet. Der Hochdruckspeicher 9 ist wiederum über Hochdruckleitungen mit Kraftstoffinjektoren 10 entsprechend der Anzahl der Zylindereinheiten der Brennkraftmaschine verbunden.The fuel injection system according to FIG. 1 has a prefeed pump 1, which is designed as a gear pump. The prefeed pump 1 is operated by an electric motor 2 and the prefeed pump 1 sucks fuel, in particular diesel fuel from a tank 3, possibly with the involvement of a filter device. The funded by the feed pump 1 fuel is supplied via a normally electrically operated metering unit 4 and a suction valve 5 to the high-pressure working chamber 6 of a high-pressure pump 7. The high-pressure working chamber 6 is further connected via a check valve 8 with a high-pressure accumulator 9. The high-pressure accumulator 9 is in turn connected via high-pressure lines with fuel injectors 10 corresponding to the number of cylinder units of the internal combustion engine.

Die Zumesseinheit 4 steuert im normalen Betrieb die der Hochdruckpumpe 7 zugeführte Kraftstoffmenge in Abhängigkeit von dem in dem Hochdruckspeicher 9 herrschenden Kraftstoffdruck. Während des Startbetriebsmodus ist die Zumesseinheit 4 so geschaltet, dass deren Steuerblende offen ist, also die gesamte von der Vorförderpumpe 1 geförderte Kraftstoffmenge der Hochdruckpumpe 7 zugeführt wird. Das Saugventil 5 ist so ausgestaltet, dass während des Pumpbetriebs der Hochdruckpumpe der in dem Hochdruckarbeitsraum 6 befindliche Kraftstoff nicht zurück in die Leitung zu der Zumesseinheit 4 gelangen kann. Die Hochdruckpumpe weist einen oder mehrere Pumpenkolben 11 auf, der/die von einer Antriebswelle in einem beziehungsweise mehreren Pumpenzylinder(n) 12 auf und ab bewegt wird und den während eines Saughubs in den Hochdruckpumpenarbeitsraum 6 eingebrachten Kraftstoff über das Rückschlagventil 8 in den Hochdruckspeicher 9 fördert.In normal operation, the metering unit 4 controls the amount of fuel supplied to the high-pressure pump 7 as a function of the fuel pressure prevailing in the high-pressure accumulator 9. During the start operating mode, the metering unit 4 is switched so that its control panel is open, that is, the entire amount of fuel delivered by the prefeed pump 1 of the high-pressure pump 7 is supplied. The suction valve 5 is configured such that during the pumping operation of the high-pressure pump, the fuel located in the high-pressure working space 6 can not get back into the line to the metering unit 4. The high-pressure pump has one or more pump pistons 11, which is moved up and down by a drive shaft in one or more pump cylinders 12 and delivers the fuel introduced into the high-pressure pump working space 6 via a suction valve into the high-pressure accumulator 9 via the check valve 8 ,

In dem Starkbetriebsmodus wird erfindungsgemäß die als Zahnradpumpe ausgebildete Vorförderpumpe 1 mit einer höheren elektrischen Leistung betrieben als in einem normalen Vorförderbetriebsmodus und fördert den Kraftstoff kurzfristig mit einem Druck von bis zu 120 bar in dem Hochdruckspeicher 9. Dieser Druck ist ausreichend, um über die Kraftstoffinjektoren 10 eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung in die Arbeitsräume der Brennkraftmaschine zu ermöglichen.In the high-power mode according to the invention designed as a gear pump prefeed pump 1 is operated with a higher electrical power than in a normal Vorförderbetriebsmodus and promotes the fuel in the short term with a pressure of up to 120 bar in the high-pressure accumulator 9. This pressure is sufficient to fuel injectors 10th to allow a fuel injection into the working chambers of the internal combustion engine.

In dem zweiteiligen Diagramm gemäß Figur 2 ist in dem oberen Teil der von dem Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem erzeugte Kraftstoffdruck über der Zeitachse dargestellt und in dem unteren Teil eine durch die Kraftstoffinjektoren erfolgte Einspritzung ebenfalls über der Zeitachse. Die parabelförmige Kurve 13 stellt den mit der Vorförderpumpe 1 im Startbetriebsmodus darstellbaren Förderdruck dar, wobei im Bereich der Parabelspitze ein Förderdruck von 80-120 bar erreicht wird. Der Förderdruck ist ausgehend von der parabelförmigen Kurve 13 in einem Regelbereich 14 so steuerbar, dass der Förderdruck über eine entsprechende Zeitspanne auf dem Niveau von 120 bar gehalten werden kann, um dann gemäß der strichlinierte Kurve 13a auf den Vorförderdruck im Bereich von 1-8 bar zurückgestellt zu werden. Gleichzeitig ist in dem Diagramm der von der Hochdruckpumpe 7 erzeugte Druckanstieg 15 dargestellt, der nach dem Starten der Brennkraftmaschine erzeugt wird. In dem darunter dargestellten Bereich des Diagramms ist die gleichzeitig ablaufende Einspritzung durch die Kraftstoffinjektoren 10 dargestellt. Dabei erfolgt die erste Einspritzung 16 zu dem Zeitpunkt, in dem von der Vorförderpumpe 1 entsprechend der parabelförmigen Kurve 13 ein Förderdruck von 120 bar erreicht wird.In the two-part diagram according to FIG. 2 is shown in the upper part of the fuel pressure generated by the fuel injection system over the time axis and in the lower part of an injection made by the fuel injectors also over the time axis. The parabolic curve 13 represents the delivery pressure that can be represented by the prefeed pump 1 in the start operating mode, wherein a delivery pressure of 80-120 bar is achieved in the region of the parabolic tip. The delivery pressure is controlled from the parabolic curve 13 in a control range 14 so that the delivery pressure can be maintained over a corresponding period of time at the level of 120 bar, then then according to the dashed curve 13a to the prefeed pressure in the range of 1-8 bar to be reset. At the same time, the pressure rise 15 generated by the high-pressure pump 7 is shown in the diagram, which is generated after starting the internal combustion engine. In the area of the diagram shown below, the simultaneous injection by the fuel injectors 10 is shown. In this case, the first injection 16 takes place at the time in which a delivery pressure of 120 bar is achieved by the prefeed pump 1 in accordance with the parabolic curve 13.

Claims (8)

  1. Fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine, comprising a pre-supply pump (1) and a downstream high-pressure pump (7) which is connected to a high-pressure accumulator (9) and the high-pressure accumulator (9) is operatively connected to at least one fuel injector (10),
    characterized in that the pre-supply pump (1) is designed to generate a delivery pressure at which a fuel injection is effected by means of the fuel injector (10), in a starting operating mode in a starting process of the internal combustion engine, and in that the pre-supply pump generates a delivery pressure of up to 120 bar in the starting operating mode.
  2. Fuel injection system according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that the pre-supply pump (1) is a gear pump.
  3. Fuel injection system according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the pre-supply pump (1) is operated electrically.
  4. Fuel injection system according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that a high-pressure pump working chamber (6) of the high-pressure pump (7) is connected to a suction valve (5) and to a nonreturn valve (8).
  5. Fuel injection system according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the pre-supply pump (1) can be operated in a starting operating mode and in a pre-supply operating mode.
  6. Fuel injection system according to Claim 6,
    characterized in that the pre-supply pump (1) can be operated in the pre-supply operating mode after the internal combustion engine has been started.
  7. Method for operating a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine comprising a pre-supply pump (1) and a downstream high-pressure pump (7) which is connected to a high-pressure accumulator (9) which is operatively connected to a fuel injector (10),
    characterized in that the pre-supply pump (1) is operated in a starting operating mode until the internal combustion engine has been started, in that during the starting operating mode a fuel injection is effected by the fuel injector (10) at the delivery pressure generated by the pre-supply pump, in that the pre-supply pump (1) is operated in a pre-supply operating mode after the internal combustion engine has been started, and in that the pre-supply pump (1) can be adjusted to a delivery pressure of up to 120 bar in the starting operating mode and to a delivery pressure of up to 8 bar in the pre-supply operating mode.
  8. Method according to Claim 7,
    characterized in that the pre-supply pump (1) can be operated in the starting operating mode in such a way that the delivery pressure of the pre-supply pump (1) corresponds to the opening pressure of the fuel injector (10).
EP11702981.9A 2010-03-12 2011-02-03 Fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine Not-in-force EP2545268B1 (en)

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DE102010002801A DE102010002801A1 (en) 2010-03-12 2010-03-12 Fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine
PCT/EP2011/051594 WO2011110389A1 (en) 2010-03-12 2011-02-03 Fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine

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JP (1) JP2013522514A (en)
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JP2013522514A (en) 2013-06-13
KR20130016218A (en) 2013-02-14
US20120325173A1 (en) 2012-12-27
EP2545268A1 (en) 2013-01-16
CN102792007A (en) 2012-11-21
BR112012022866A2 (en) 2018-06-05
US9328708B2 (en) 2016-05-03
WO2011110389A1 (en) 2011-09-15
RU2012143480A (en) 2014-04-27

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