EP2544509B1 - Réacteur à micro-ondes pour le réchauffement assisté par micro-ondes d'un milieu - Google Patents

Réacteur à micro-ondes pour le réchauffement assisté par micro-ondes d'un milieu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2544509B1
EP2544509B1 EP12175027.7A EP12175027A EP2544509B1 EP 2544509 B1 EP2544509 B1 EP 2544509B1 EP 12175027 A EP12175027 A EP 12175027A EP 2544509 B1 EP2544509 B1 EP 2544509B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow cylinder
microwave reactor
waveguide
microwaves
axis
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EP12175027.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2544509A1 (fr
Inventor
Ronald Krippendorf
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Jenoptik Katasorb GmbH
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Jenoptik Katasorb GmbH
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Publication of EP2544509A1 publication Critical patent/EP2544509A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
    • H05B6/806—Apparatus for specific applications for laboratory use

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave reactor for microwave-assisted heating of a medium.
  • microwave radiation with frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz.
  • a device in which along a hollow cylinder axis of a first hollow cylinder, in which a medium to be heated is transported, orthogonal to the hollow cylinder axis directed planes are provided, in each of which a waveguide is arranged. These can be arranged offset in the different levels by 180 °.
  • the planes are divided into compartments by slices, plates or rods or interspersed with structures.
  • DE 196 08 949 A1 is a resonator whose outer and inner boundary is formed as an outer and inner conductor of a coaxial resonator.
  • the US 5,703,343 A relates to a method and a device for heating a substantially liquid medium by means of microwaves.
  • the medium is heated shortly before filling into a mold by means of microwaves to a certain temperature.
  • a microwave oven for microwave assisted heating of the medium and a channel enclosing an interior space. Through the channel extends a first hollow cylinder, through which the medium to be heated is passed.
  • the first hollow cylinder is frontally connected to a media supply port and with a media discharge opening in the housing for carrying a medium in combination.
  • the housing is a second hollow cylinder which is arranged coaxially with the first hollow cylinder.
  • At least one waveguide is provided, can be directed through slots in the housing microwaves in a space between the first hollow cylinder and the second Hohlyzylinder and in a plane perpendicular to the hollow cylinder axis level.
  • the waveguide is a substantially annular waveguide. There is only one waveguide per level.
  • a combination of static reflections of the microwaves at the walls of a housing bounding an interior space and a dynamic reflection of the microwaves by means of at least one mode stirrer is disclosed in US Pat DE 103 29 411 B4 disclosed.
  • the interior space is formed as a highly modern resonator, wherein the resonator diameter is at least five times, but better at least ten times larger than the wavelength of the microwaves.
  • microwaves are coupled via at least one pair of waveguides.
  • the waveguide axes of a pair of waveguides are always aligned at an acute angle to each other and meet a common mode stirrer which extends over almost the entire interior length and which is twisted about its longitudinal axis.
  • the microwaves are reflected at varying angular positions both on the rotating mode stirrer and on the walls, whereby a substantially homogeneous distribution of the microwaves in the interior is achieved.
  • a closed against the interior cavity here it is an autoclave, are introduced, in which are to be heated by the microwaves and thermally processed media.
  • the process control can be controlled by both in the autoclave and in the resonator existing measurement and control signal lines.
  • the microwave reactor consists of a housing enclosing an interior of a microwave-reflective material; a plurality of waveguides, each having a waveguide axis, each communicating with an end-side outlet opening via an opening in the housing with the interior in combination; a first hollow cylinder of a microwave-transparent material filled with a catalyst, which is arranged in the interior so that between the first hollow cylinder, along its hollow cylinder axis, and the housing, there is a free space in which two mode stirrers are arranged, and the first Hollow cylinder for carrying a medium frontally with a media supply port and with a media discharge opening, which are provided in the housing in communication.
  • the catalyst of this microwave reactor can be heated very quickly and over its circumference by means of the microwaves. However, the amounts of medium which are heated per unit time and can be removed from pollutants limited to about 100 m 3 / h.
  • the invention has for its object to show a new way, by means of an energy-efficient heating of media can be achieved.
  • the object is in a microwave reactor for microwave-assisted heating of a medium, consisting of an interior enclosing, housing of microwave-reflective material; a plurality of waveguides, each having a waveguide axis, each communicating with at least one outlet opening via an opening in the housing with the interior; a first hollow cylinder made of a material transparent to microwaves, which is arranged in the interior so that between the first hollow cylinder, along its hollow cylinder axis, and the housing a free space is present and the first hollow cylinder for carrying a medium frontally with a media supply port and with a Media discharge opening, which are provided in the housing, is in communication, solved.
  • the microwave reactor is characterized in that the housing is a second hollow cylinder which is arranged coaxially around the first hollow cylinder.
  • at least a first and a second waveguide is arranged on the housing.
  • Each of the waveguides has a waveguide axis and a coupling axis.
  • the microwaves are out of the respective waveguide along the coupling axes and coupled into the interior.
  • the waveguides are arranged on the housing so that the coupling axes each lie in a plane perpendicular to the hollow cylinder axis and are directed into the intermediate space.
  • the coupling-in axes can run in such a way that they are not directed onto the first hollow cylinder. It is thereby achieved that only a small and unavoidable portion of the injected microwaves impinges directly on the first hollow cylinder and a larger proportion impinges by reflections on an inner wall of the housing to other areas of the first hollow cylinder, wherein different lengths of travel and angle of incidence of the microwaves on the inner wall and on the first hollow cylinder, a spatially uniform distribution of the microwaves and the absorption of the energy transmitted by the microwave energy in the plane takes place.
  • a more uniform distribution of the microwaves is achieved in a further embodiment of the microwave reactor according to the invention characterized in that the coupling axes are indeed directed to the first hollow cylinder, but this is not vertical.
  • a coupling-in axis is considered perpendicular when directed onto the first hollow cylinder, the coupling-in axis intersects the hollow-cylinder axis. It is also considered to be perpendicular if an angle of less than 5 ° is enclosed by the coupling axis and a straight line that intersects the hollow cylinder axis and extends in the plane.
  • the waveguides are preferably arranged at equal angular distances from each other in the plane (for example, two waveguides are 180 °, four waveguides 90 ° offset from one another in the plane).
  • solid, liquid or gaseous substances and mixtures understood that are to be heated by means of microwaves are hereinafter solid, liquid or gaseous substances and mixtures understood that are to be heated by means of microwaves. Combinations of solid, liquid and gaseous media can also be heated.
  • solid media to heat they are preferably transportable, z. B. they are present as a fine-grained powder. It is for example possible that a powdered medium is transported by means of a transport medium.
  • a transport medium may be, for example, an inert gas (eg a noble gas), a gas mixture or a liquid (suspension).
  • the medium passed through the first hollow cylinder may be absorbent even to the microwaves, absorbing substances, e.g. As absorbent particles, or be heated by heat conduction and heat transfer from other absorbent media or by the first hollow cylinder in communication (eg., In or arranged on this) media or body.
  • a microwave-absorbing solid or a body of this substance, for.
  • a catalyst be present in the hollow cylinder, which is flowed through by a medium.
  • the media may be guided in separate compartments of the hollow cylinder.
  • the coupling axis of a waveguide coincides with the waveguide axis when the microwaves are coupled out at a front end of the waveguide. If, however, the front end of the waveguide is closed and the microwaves are coupled, for example, by one or more laterally present in the waveguide slots, soft coupling axis and waveguide axis from each other.
  • the walls of the housing as well as the waveguides consist of a microwave reflecting material, such as steel sheet.
  • the microwave reactor according to the invention is designed so that the coupling axes of all arranged in the plane waveguide are arranged pointing with a same sense of direction about the hollow cylinder axis.
  • a circulation of a portion of the coupled microwaves is effected around the first hollow cylinder.
  • the coupling axes may have the same or different coupling angles.
  • the respective coupling angle is determined by the angle between the coupling axis and a straight line which extends in the plane through the passage point of the coupling axis through the inner wall of the housing and an intersection with the hollow cylinder axis.
  • the coupling-in angle can be adjustable before or during the operation of the microwave reactor. An adjustment of the coupling-in angle can take place once or continuously on the basis of measured data or other known or detected operating parameters.
  • the first hollow cylinder is filled with a catalyst that can be heated by microwaves.
  • the catalyst is then, for example, a solid medium.
  • any material can be used which can be heated by the microwaves and has catalyst properties.
  • the microwave heated material may also be associated with other catalytically active materials that can not be heated by microwaves (catalyst on a support material).
  • the catalyst may preferably fill the first hollow cylinder in the form of a bed, but it is also porous or provided with flow channels and adapted to the first hollow cylinder moldings used.
  • the outlet openings of the Waveguides of the planes can be arranged one above the other along a vertically extending hollow cylinder axis, with a horizontally extending hollow cylinder axis corresponding to each other.
  • the outlet openings of adjacently arranged planes can be offset from each other about the hollow cylinder axis.
  • a waveguide has a number of outlet openings. These are preferably formed as slots, whereby a harmful back reflection of microwaves in the waveguide is greatly reduced.
  • outlet openings adjacently arranged planes are offset from each other so that the outlet openings of the planes come to lie spirally along the hollow cylinder axis or are alternately arranged between at least two possible arrangements. These possibilities can also be combined.
  • a mutual offset of the outlet openings in the planes as well as a displacement of the outlet openings between the planes are preferably chosen so that the local formation of structural interferences (so-called "hot spots") but also of destructive interference of the microwaves are largely avoided.
  • the planes with waveguides are arranged from the media supply opening in the direction of the media discharge opening with increasing distances between successive planes. Such an arrangement of the planes makes it possible to heat a medium near the media feed opening more than near the media discharge opening.
  • the medium entering the media supply opening is advantageously heated by heat conduction from the catalyst by means of such a configuration. Due to the heated medium, a part of the absorbed heat is transported by heat transport through the first hollow cylinder and transferred by heat conduction back to the catalyst. Such an execution allows a uniform heating of the catalyst along the hollow cylinder axis.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the microwave reactor is when the power of the coupled microwaves per level can be regulated.
  • the heating behavior of the catalyst and the medium is very precisely adjustable.
  • the microwave sources of each level are advantageously adjustable.
  • the first hollow cylinder can be designed differently. It may be designed to extend from the media supply opening to the media discharge opening, wherein the first hollow cylinder is completely or partially filled inside by the catalyst.
  • the first hollow cylinder is coaxial with the hollow cylinder axis of a pipe, so that the catalyst is present in a circular ring around the pipe.
  • the first hollow cylinder is connected via one of its end faces to the media supply opening and to the media discharge opening and is sealed at its other end face for the medium.
  • the media feed opening and the media discharge opening are separated from one another by a tube which is aligned coaxially with the hollow cylinder axis and which is shorter than a hollow cylinder length of the first hollow cylinder so that the media discharge opening and the media feed opening are arranged coaxially to the hollow cylinder axis in a feed plane extending perpendicularly to the hollow cylinder axis ,
  • the microwave reactor according to the invention comprises a plurality of first hollow cylinder, which are arranged axially to the hollow cylinder axis.
  • the inner wall of the housing in each plane at least two protrusions, in each of which at least one outlet opening of a waveguide is present.
  • the waveguides can attach tangentially to the housing and to openings in the housing such that microwaves can be introduced into the interior via outlet openings arranged laterally in the waveguides.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is given by the fact that the waveguide axes of the at least two waveguides are parallel to the hollow cylinder axis and each waveguide in each plane or in some planes in each case at least one outlet opening, through which microwaves are coupled into the interior.
  • a waveguide arises after coupling of microwaves in the waveguide with appropriate dimensioning thereof a standing wave of microwaves.
  • the outlet openings are each present at a multiple of lambda / 2 of the wavelength of the microwaves used.
  • a match of the outlet openings with a multiple of lambda / 2 of the microwaves used can be achieved structurally by the design of the respective waveguide.
  • means are provided with which a standing wave of the microwaves generated in the respective waveguide can be changed is that a coupling out of microwaves through the outlet openings is made possible.
  • Such means may for example be realized by an adjusting device by means of which the length of the waveguide is adjustable.
  • the selection of the materials for the individual components of the microwave reactor according to the invention takes place with regard to the intended application and as a function of the wavelengths or wavelength ranges of the microwaves used and the size of the energies to be coupled into the microreactor.
  • the material of the components is further selected to eliminate or at least reduce undesirable chemical reactions as much as possible.
  • the dimensioning of the device is essentially determined by the requirements of the media feedthrough and the microwave-assisted catalytic conversion, namely both a sufficiently high throughput rate of the medium and a sufficiently long residence time for as complete as possible material conversion of the medium.
  • components of the microwave reactor can be associated with seals as well as with fasteners.
  • edges are rounded and other components such.
  • fasteners are flush or recessed flush with the surrounding surfaces.
  • a controller may be present, which is in communication with and can control, for example, the microwave sources, a pump moving the medium, and transformation means.
  • sensors connected to the controller in and on the microwave reactor can be present, by means of which, for example, temperatures and radiation energies are detected.
  • the controller may be connected to means for analysis by which the material
  • Composition of the supplied medium and / or the achieved material conversion are detected qualitatively and / or quantitatively. This information can be used as actual data for the controller z. B. serve in a target-actual comparison.
  • microwaves are coupled into the interior via the waveguides and their outlet openings.
  • the microwaves propagate as a wavefront along the waveguide axis, wherein the wavefront also forms spatially about the waveguide axis due to diffraction effects from the respective outlet opening, whereby the gap in the region of the plane in which the microwaves are coupled, with microwaves and their energy becomes.
  • the microwaves When microwaves hit a wall of the enclosure, the microwaves are reflected. On the other hand, if the microwaves hit the first hollow cylinder, a portion of the incident microwaves penetrates the first hollow cylinder and is largely absorbed by the medium. If a catalyst is present, it can be heated by the microwaves by their at least partial absorption. The respective non-reflected portion of the microwaves circulates, essentially, in the plane around the hollow cylinder axis, until the microwaves have absorbed through the medium or otherwise released their energy.
  • the invention can find in plants and processes where media are to be heated directly or indirectly.
  • the invention can be used to thermally separate or fractionate mixtures.
  • mixtures of hydrocarbons may be, for example, petroleum, crude oil or oil sludge.
  • a thermal separation can purely physical, z. B. taking advantage of different volatilities (different vapor pressures) of the substances involved, take place.
  • a first embodiment of a microwave reactor 1 is shown with its essential components.
  • the microwave reactor 1 has a housing 2 (shown in longitudinal section) made of sheet steel with a hollow, cylindrical inner shape and an inner wall 2.1, through which a cylindrical and closed at the end faces of the housing 2 through walls 2.2 and 2.3 interior 3 is formed and comprises, a first hollow cylinder 4 with a hollow cylinder length 4.2 along a hollow cylinder axis 4.1 and a first waveguide 7.1 and a second waveguide 7.2, which are arranged in a plane orthogonal to the hollow cylinder axis 4.1 extending plane 10.
  • the first waveguide 7.1 is directed away from the viewer in the interior 3
  • the second waveguide 7.2 is directed to the viewer.
  • the plane 10 is close (in the first embodiment about one sixth of the hollow cylinder length 4.2) of a media feed opening 12, which is covered with a perforated plate 14 made of alloy steel.
  • the hollow cylinder axis 4.1 coincides with a longitudinal axis of the interior 3 extending symmetry axis (not shown) of the housing 2 together.
  • the first hollow cylinder 4 has an outer diameter which is smaller than an inner diameter of the inner wall 2.1 of the housing 2, so that a second hollow cylinder 5 is formed coaxially around the first hollow cylinder 4 and through between the coaxial to the hollow cylinder axis 4.1 extending inner wall 2.1 of the housing 2 first hollow cylinder 4 and the second hollow cylinder 5 over the hollow cylinder length 4.2 of the first hollow cylinder 4, a gap 6 is present.
  • the first hollow cylinder 4 is made of quartz glass, is transmissive for microwaves and extends in the middle of the housing 2 through the interior 3 along the hollow cylinder axis 4.1 and with the hollow cylinder length 4.2 of a Media supply port 12 in the wall 2.2 to a media discharge opening 13 in the wall 2.3.
  • the first hollow cylinder 4 may consist in other embodiments of the invention of other microwaves transmissive glasses, plastics or composite materials.
  • the catalyst 11 may be a metal oxide, a mixed metal oxide, e.g. Based on perovskite or spinel structure, or another catalytically active and microwave absorbing material.
  • the first hollow cylinder 4 is filled with the catalyst 11 so that a passage of a liquid or gaseous medium through the first hollow cylinder 4 from the media supply port 12 to the media discharge port 13 is possible.
  • the front side of the first hollow cylinder 4 is completed by a perforated plate 14 made of alloy steel, which is designed so that microwaves are prevented from escaping from the interior 3, but a medium to be supplied can easily pass through the perforated plates 14.
  • a medium to be supplied can easily pass through the perforated plates 14.
  • each piping 15 are scheduled for the supply and removal of the medium.
  • the medium is in the embodiment with carbon monoxide and volatile hydrocarbons enriched air.
  • gaseous eg inert carrier gases, exhaust gases
  • liquid media eg water or aqueous solutions
  • other gaseous, liquid or solid substances eg water or aqueous solutions
  • the diameter d of the first hollow cylinder 4 is not greater than twice the empirically determined penetration depth of the microwaves into the catalyst 11.
  • the minimum dimensions of the inner space 3 are determined by the diameter d of the first hollow cylinder 4 and a minimum required distance of the entire peripheral surface of the first hollow cylinder 4 from the inner wall 2.1. Due to the minimum distance from the inner wall 2.1, a largely homogeneous spatial distribution of the microwaves is supported.
  • the first waveguide 7.1 and the second waveguide 7.2 each have a three-pin tuner 22 in a region located outside the housing 2 (see FIG Fig. 2 ) as a transformation device and are each connected to a microwave source 19.
  • the Dreitorstuners 22 By appropriate operation of the Dreitors 22, the electromagnetic properties of the microwaves can be adjusted and adapted to the operating conditions of the microwave reactor 1.
  • a controller 17 is provided, through which the microwave sources 19 and at least one pump 20 for conveying the medium can be controlled.
  • a sensor 18 for detecting the pollutant content (amount and / or concentration of carbon monoxide and volatile hydrocarbons) of the medium is arranged in the first hollow cylinder 4 and signal-conducting connected to the controller 17.
  • All microwave or medium-conducting components of the microwave reactor 1 are provided at their contact points to other components with suitable seals 21 (whose position is only indicated by way of example).
  • Fig. 2 and 3 is in each case a cross section in the plane 10 of a microwave reactor 1 according to Fig. 1 shown.
  • the housing 2 has two openings 2.4 in the plane 10. At the one opening 2.4, an outlet opening 9 of the first waveguide 7.1 is attached, at the other opening 2.4, the outlet opening 9 of the second waveguide 7.2 (waveguide 7).
  • the first waveguide 7.1 and the second waveguide 7.2 are offset by 180 ° to each other so arranged on the housing 2, that a first waveguide axis 8.1 of the first waveguide 7.1 and a second waveguide axis 8.2 of the second waveguide 7.2 (waveguide axes 8) in the hollow cylinder axis 4.1 vertical Level 10 lie and are directed with a same sense of direction and under the same coupling angle ⁇ in the plane 10 to the hollow cylinder axis 4.1 in the space 6.
  • the first waveguide axis 8.1 coincides with a first coupling axis 16.1
  • the second waveguide axis 8.2 coincides with a second coupling axis 16.2.
  • the coupling angle ⁇ is measured between the respective waveguide axis 8.1 or 8.2 and a straight line lying in the plane 10 and passing through an intersection with the hollow cylinder axis 4.1 and that point at which the waveguide axis 8.1 and 8.2 at the same height with an imaginary Piercing or passage point of the waveguide axis 8.1 and 8.2 through the inner wall 2.1.
  • the coupling angle ⁇ is selected so that the first and the second waveguide axis 8.1 and 8.2 (and thus also the first and the second coupling axis 16.1 and 16.2) do not impinge on the first hollow cylinder 4.
  • the outlet openings 9 are made flush with the inner wall 2.1.
  • Fig. 3 is the Einkoppelwinkel ⁇ with about 45 ° selected so that the first and the second waveguide axis 8.1 and 8.2 (and thus also the first and the second coupling axis 16.1 and 16.2) not perpendicular, but at an acute angle to the surface of the first hollow cylinder 4 hit.
  • a third embodiment of the microwave reactor 1 according to Fig. 4 corresponds to the design as to Fig. 1 and 2 described, in addition, however, along the hollow cylinder axis 4.1 three equally spaced planes 10.1 to 10.3 are provided, in each of which two waveguides 7 are arranged.
  • the planes 10.1 to 10.3 are arranged closer to the media supply opening 12 than to the media discharge opening 13.
  • the waveguides 7 of a second plane 10.2 are compared with the waveguides 7 of a first plane 10.1 offset by 90 ° about the hollow cylinder axis 4.1, while the waveguide 7 of a third level 10.3 is again arranged as the waveguide 7 in the first plane 10.1.
  • the waveguide 7 of all three levels 10.1 to 10.3 are arranged with the same coupling angle ⁇ and the same sense of direction (only indicated) to the hollow cylinder axis 4.1.
  • each waveguide 7 communicates with a respective microwave source 19, through which the microwaves to be coupled are provided for the waveguide 7 (shown only for a waveguide 7).
  • Each microwave source 19 is signal-connected to the controller 17.
  • the microwave sources 19 can be controlled by the controller 17 per level 10.1 to 10.3.
  • microwave reactor 1 may be distinguished by the fact that the number of planes 10 and / or the distances between the planes 10 and / or the number of waveguides 7 per level 10 and / or their Einkoppelwinkel ⁇ and / or their sense of direction are chosen differently , The mentioned parameters can also vary between the individual levels 10. Also can be supplied by only one microwave source 19 per level 10 more waveguide 7.
  • a fourth, in Fig. 5 shown embodiment of the microwave reactor 1 are a plurality of first hollow cylinder 4 symmetrical and coaxial with each other and arranged about the axis of symmetry, the first hollow cylinder 4 are spaced apart and each have the same diameter d, which are tuned to the penetration depth of the microwaves in the first hollow cylinder 4 and thereby allowing rapid heating of the catalyst 11 by the microwaves.
  • first hollow cylinders 4 are shown schematically and not in line with one another.
  • the first plurality of hollow cylinders 4 are regarded as compartments of a single first hollow cylinder 4.
  • the existing three levels 10.1 to 10.3 are arranged closer to the media supply openings 12 than to the media discharge openings 13, which are designed here according to the position and the diameter d of the first hollow cylinder 4.
  • first hollow cylinder 4 are arranged coaxially with each other and the first hollow cylinder 4 have different diameters d.
  • a space enclosed by the open tube 23 is filled with air. While the heating of the catalyst 11 by the microwaves takes place from the outside, the air in the open tube 23 is heated by heat transfer. The air supplied heat energy is distributed by heat transfer in the open tube 23 and contributes to the heating of the catalyst 11 at.
  • a sixth embodiment of the microwave reactor 1 extends the first hollow cylinder 4, starting from the media supply port 12 in the wall 2.2 along the hollow cylinder axis 4.1 in the interior 3, wherein its protruding into the interior 3 end face is sealed for the medium. Also protrudes from the wall 2.2 coaxially the open tube 23 whose length is less than the hollow cylinder length 4.2 and whose outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the first hollow cylinder 4, in the first hollow cylinder 4.
  • the open tube 23 communicates with the media discharge opening 13 in Connection. Between the open tube 23 and the hollow cylinder 4 is the catalyst 11.
  • the media supply opening 12 and the media discharge opening 13 are both in the wall 2.2.
  • the media discharge port 13 is surrounded by the media supply port 12.
  • Media supply opening 12 and media discharge opening 13 are closed by a common perforated plate 14 in the wall 2.2.
  • the medium flows through the media feed opening 12 into the first hollow cylinder 4 and through the catalyst 11.
  • the medium is also heated by the heated catalyst 11.
  • the medium is deflected and flows through the open tube 23 to the media discharge opening 13, wherein the heated medium releases a portion of its heat energy to the catalyst 11.
  • an inert substance may also be present in the first hollow cylinder 4 and / or the catalyst 11 may be dispensed with.
  • the medium may also flow freely through the first hollow cylinder or cylinders 4. The medium itself can be absorbent for microwaves and heated.
  • the operation of the microwave reactor 1 is based on the Fig. 1 be explained.
  • the conveyed by the pump 20 medium enters through the perforated plate 14 in the media supply port 12 into the first hollow cylinder 4 and flows through the catalyst therein 11.
  • the microwaves provided by the microwave source 19 are through the first waveguide 7.1 and the second waveguide 7.2 along their First and second waveguide axes 8.1 and 8.2 coupled in the plane 10 in the gap 6.
  • the microwaves coupled to the first and second outlet openings 9.1 and 9.2 propagate as wavefront along the first waveguide axis 8.1 or the second waveguide axis 8.2, wherein the wavefront due to diffraction effects from the respective first and second outlet openings 9.1 and 9.2 spatially around the Waveguide axes 8.1 and 8.2 spreads.
  • this wavefront strikes along the respective coupling axes 16.1 and 16.2 in each case on one of the first and the second outlet opening 9.1 and 9.2 facing region of the first hollow cylinder 4 and is substantially absorbed by the catalyst 11 there.
  • the remaining portion of the wavefront impinges on the inner wall 2.1, from where it is reflected back into the interior 3 and guided around the hollow cylinder axis 4.1.
  • a proportion of the microwaves is reflected diffusely, whereby the gap 6 in the region of the plane 10 is homogeneously filled by microwaves.
  • the reflected microwaves can strike the first hollow cylinder 4 from a plurality of directions and at different angular positions, whereby a uniform heating of the catalyst 11 is achieved.
  • the coupling angle ⁇ the heating behavior of the catalyst 11 is controlled influenced.
  • the medium flowing through the catalyst 11 absorbs part of the heat energy of the catalytic converter 11 and heats the catalyst 11 as it flows through the first hollow cylinder 4 in the direction of the media discharge opening 13.
  • the first hollow cylinder 4 is reduced by diffusely reflected microwaves from the media supply opening 12 to the media discharge opening 13 Intensity hit and the catalyst 11 is heated.
  • the medium After flowing through the first hollow cylinder 4, the medium leaves the first hollow cylinder 4 through the perforated plate 14 in the media discharge opening 13.
  • the pulse frequencies and the wavelengths of the microwaves and the dimensions of the microwave reactor 1 are coordinated so that both constructive and destructive interference between the already coupled and rotating microwaves on the one hand and the coupled at the first and second outlet openings 9.1 and 9.2 microwaves on the other hand are largely avoided ,
  • the properties of the coupled-in microwaves are adapted to the respective operating conditions.
  • the occurrence of pollutants in the medium detected by sensors 18 and the microwave sources 19 are controlled and regulated by the controller 17, whereby a rapid response of the microwave reactor 1 to different, especially discontinuous pollutant levels (amount, concentration) is achieved in the medium ,
  • a seventh embodiment of the invention as in Fig. 8 shown, two waveguide 7, a first waveguide 7.1 and a second waveguide 7.2, arranged on the housing 2 so that their waveguide axes 8.1, 8.2 parallel to the hollow cylinder axis 4.1.
  • Each of the waveguides 7 has 10 outlet openings 9 per level, which are arranged so that microwaves can be coupled into the interior 3 through them.
  • the first and second coupling axes 16.1, 16.2 are orthogonal in each plane 10 on the first or on the second waveguide axis 8.1, 8.2.
  • the individual outlet openings 9 are arranged along the respective waveguide axes 8.1, 8.2 so that they each have a distance from one another which corresponds to a multiple of lambda / 2 of the coupled into the waveguide 7 microwaves.
  • each of the waveguides 7 is designed so that the said condition is fulfilled under standard conditions.
  • an adjusting device 24 is provided, which consists of a plate 24.1, which corresponds approximately to the inner dimensions of the waveguide 7 and is arranged in this, and a set screw 24.2. By turning the screw 24.2, the plate 24.1 can be moved in the direction of the waveguide axes 8.1, 8.2 and thus the standing wave can be adjusted by changing the effective length of the waveguide 7.
  • a crude oil passed through the first hollow cylinder 4 as a liquid medium is heated to thermally fractionate it.
  • FIG. 9 an eighth embodiment is shown in a cross section.
  • the inner wall 2.1 is in each case bulged on two opposite sides and in a plane 10.
  • the bulges each have a circular arc shape and are bounded on one side by a perpendicular to the hollow cylinder axis 4.1 facing wall 2.5.
  • the wall 2.5 is in each case the outlet openings 9, of which the first coupling axis 16.1 and the second coupling axis 16.2, which are congruent with the waveguide axes 8.1 and 8.2, has perpendicular to the bulge.
  • a ninth embodiment is given that, in principle, the embodiment according to Fig. 9
  • the bulges each have a circular arc-shaped portion and a wall 2.5, which extends from one end of the circular arc-shaped portion to the inner wall 2.1 and not perpendicular to the hollow cylinder axis 4.1, but on the gap 6 points.
  • the first coupling axis 16.1 and the second coupling axis 16.2, which are congruent with the waveguide axes 8.1 and 8.2, are directed into the intermediate space 6 and not perpendicular to the first hollow cylinder 4.
  • more than two bulges may be present in a plane 10. There may also be several levels 10 bulges.
  • the waveguide 7.1, 7.2 tangentially to the housing 2 set so that laterally arranged in the waveguides 7 slot-shaped outlet openings 9 in the areas of openings 2.4 of the inner wall 2.1 of the housing. 2 come to lie, microwaves in the interior 3 can be coupled.
  • the coupling axes 16.1, 16.2 are perpendicular (only one outlet opening 9 shown) on the waveguide axes 8.1, 8.2.
  • the waveguides 7.1, 7.2 are arranged differently with respect to the alignment of their waveguide axes 8.1, 8.2.
  • the first coupling axis 16.1 is directed at a coupling angle ⁇ (not shown) of less than 90 ° into the intermediate space 6, while the second coupling axis 16.2 is directed at a coupling angle ⁇ (likewise not shown) of approximately 90 ° into the intermediate space 6.
  • both coupling axes 16.1, 16.2 do not impinge perpendicularly on the first hollow cylinder 4.
  • the microwave reactor 1 can be used in all areas in which substances transported in a medium are to be heated and / or catalytically converted. In addition to cleaning (eg by oxidation and / or reduction) of media, such as the reaction of pollutants in the air, aerosols or dusts, this can also be the processing of media and / or the substances transported therein.
  • the microwave reactor 1 according to the invention can be operated with a high efficiency with regard to the energies used as well as with regard to the quantities of substance reacted per unit of energy. Particularly advantageous is the microwave reactor 1 at discontinuously occurring pollutant contents of the medium used.
  • the microwave reactor 1 can be used for heating and fractionating hydrocarbon mixtures, in particular crude oil, crude oil and / or oil sludges.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) pour le réchauffement assisté par micro-ondes d'un milieu, comprenant un boîtier (2) fait d'un matériau réfléchissant aux micro-ondes et enfermant un espace intérieur (3); plusieurs guides d'ondes (7), chacun ayant un axe de guide d'ondes (8) et étant relié avec l'espace intérieur (3) par au moins une ouverture de sortie (9) chacun via une ouverture (2.4) dans le boîtier (2); un premier cylindre creux (4) fait d'un matériau transparent aux micro-ondes, étant disposé dans l'espace intérieur (3) de telle manière qu'un espace intermédiaire (6) libre est prévu entre le premier cylindre creux (4), le long de son axe de cylindre creux (4.1), et le boîtier (2), et pour faire passer un milieu, le premier cylindre creux (4) est relié aux faces frontales avec une ouverture d'alimentation de milieux (12) et avec une ouverture de décharge de milieux (13) prévues dans le boîtier (2), dans lequel
    - le boîtier (2) représente un deuxième cylindre creux (5), qui est disposé de manière coaxiale autour du premier cylindre creux (4),
    - et dans lequel au moins un premier guide d'ondes (7.1), ayant un premier axe de guide d'ondes (8.1) et un premier axe de couplage (16.1), et un deuxième guide d'ondes (7.2), ayant un deuxième axe de guide d'ondes (8.2) et un deuxième axe de couplage (16.2), sont disposés au boîtier (2),
    caractérisé en ce que les axes de couplage (16.1, 16.2), le long desquels des micro-ondes sont découplées des guides d'ondes (7.1, 7.2) et couplées dans l'espace intérieur (3), chacun sont situés dans un plan (10) perpendiculaire à l'axe de cylindre creux (4.1) et sont dirigés dans l'espace intermédiaire (6).
  2. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les guides d'ondes (7) sont disposés au boîtier (2) de telle manière que leurs axes de couplage (16.1, 16.2) ne sont pas dirigés sur le premier cylindre creux (4).
  3. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les guides d'ondes (7) sont disposés au boîtier (2) de telle manière que leurs axes de couplage (16.1, 16.2) ne sont pas dirigés perpendiculairement sur le premier cylindre creux (4).
  4. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les axes de couplage (16.1, 16.2) de tous les guides d'ondes (7) disposés dans le plan (10) sont disposés autour de l'axe de cylindre creux (4.1) ayant un même sens directionnel.
  5. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs plans (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) avec guides d'ondes (7) sont prévus.
  6. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures de sortie (9) de plans (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) disposés adjacents sont décalées les unes par rapport aux autres autour de l'axe de cylindre creux (4.1).
  7. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les plans (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) avec guides d'ondes (7) sont disposés à partir de l'ouverture d'alimentation de milieux (12) en direction de l'ouverture de décharge de milieux (13) avec des distances croissantes entre des plans (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) successifs.
  8. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la puissance des micro-ondes couplées par plan (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) est contrôlable.
  9. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le premier cylindre creux (4) est rempli d'un catalyseur (11) qui peut être chauffé par des micro-ondes.
  10. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le premier cylindre creux (4) est traversé par un tuyau ouvert (23) de manière coaxiale à l'axe de cylindre creux (4.1), de façon que le catalyseur (11) est prévu dans un anneau circulaire autour du tuyau ouvert (23).
  11. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le premier cylindre creux (4) est relié avec l'ouverture d'alimentation de milieux (12) et avec l'ouverture de décharge de milieux (13) par une de ses faces frontales et est fermé de manière étanche pour le milieu sur son autre face frontale, et l'ouverture d'alimentation de milieux (12) et l'ouverture de décharge de milieux (13) sont séparées l'une de l'autre par un tuyau ouvert (23) qui est disposé de manière coaxiale à l'axe de cylindre creux (4.1) et qui est plus court qu'une longueur de cylindre creux (4.2) du premier cylindre creux (4), de façon que l'ouverture de décharge de milieux (13) et l'ouverture d'alimentation de milieux (12) sont disposées dans un plan d'alimentation s'étendant perpendiculairement à l'axe de cylindre creux (4.1) étant situé de manière coaxiale à l'axe de cylindre creux (4.1).
  12. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs premiers cylindres creux (4) sont disposés de manière axiale à l'axe de cylindre creux (4.1).
  13. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la paroi intérieure (2.1) du boîtier (2) a au moins deux renflements dans chaque plan (10.1, 10.2, 10.3), au moins une ouverture de sortie (9) d'un guide d'ondes (7) étant prévue dans chaque renflement.
  14. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les axes de guide d'ondes (8.1, 8.2) des au moins deux guides d'ondes (7) sont parallèle à l'axe de cylindre creux (4.1) et chaque guide d'onde (7) dans chaque plan (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) a au moins une ouverture de sortie (9) par laquelle des micro-ondes peuvent être couplées dans l'espace intérieur (3).
  15. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures de sortie (9) sont disposées le long de l'axe de guide d'ondes (8.1, 8.2) de telle manière que les ouvertures de sortie (9) sont chacune prévues à un multiple de Lambda/2 des micro-ondes utilisées.
  16. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les guides d'ondes (7) sont positionnés tangentiellement au boîtier (2) et aux ouvertures (2.4) dans le boîtier (2) et des micro-ondes peuvent être couplées dans l'espace intérieur (3) via des ouvertures de sortie (9) disposées latéralement dans des guides d'ondes (7).
  17. Réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon une des revendications 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que des moyens sont prévus par lesquels une onde stationnaire des micro-ondes générée dans le guide d'ondes (7) respectif est modifiable d'une manière qui permet un découplage de micro-ondes à travers les ouvertures de sortie (9).
  18. Usage d'un réacteur à micro-ondes (1) selon une des revendications précédentes pour le fractionnement de mélanges d'hydrocarbures.
EP12175027.7A 2011-07-04 2012-07-04 Réacteur à micro-ondes pour le réchauffement assisté par micro-ondes d'un milieu Not-in-force EP2544509B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201110051542 DE102011051542B4 (de) 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 Mikrowellenreaktor zur mikrowellenunterstützten Erwärmung eines Mediums

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EP2544509A1 EP2544509A1 (fr) 2013-01-09
EP2544509B1 true EP2544509B1 (fr) 2016-01-20

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EP (1) EP2544509B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102011051542B4 (fr)
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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FR1471131A (fr) * 1966-03-15 1967-02-24 Elliott Brothers London Ltd Appareil de chauffage à haute fréquence pour traitement thermique
DE4313806A1 (de) 1993-04-27 1994-11-03 Rene Salina Vorrichtung zum Erhitzen von Materialien in einer mit Mikrowellen bestrahlbaren Heizkammer und Verfahren zum Herstellen von keramischem Gut, bei dem das Rohgut mittels Mikrowellen getrocknet wird
ES2102222T3 (es) * 1993-05-05 1997-07-16 Ciba Geigy Ag Procedimiento e instalacion para fabricar piezas fundidas solidas a partir de un liquido reactivo y horno para calentar un agente esencialmente liquido.
DE19531088A1 (de) * 1995-08-24 1997-02-27 Conrads Hans Georg Dipl Ing Vorrichtung zur thermischen Behandlung von in Rohrleitungen transportierten Stoffen mittels Mikrowellen und Heatpipes
DE19608949A1 (de) * 1996-03-08 1997-09-11 Ralf Dr Spitzl Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von leistungsfähigen Mikrowellenplasmen
US7714258B2 (en) * 1997-04-04 2010-05-11 Robert Dalton Useful energy product
DE19732080B4 (de) * 1997-07-25 2004-11-04 Applikations- Und Technikzentrum Für Energieverfahrens-, Umwelt- Und Strömungstechnik (Atz-Evus) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Abbau organischer Substanzen
US6534754B2 (en) * 1997-08-14 2003-03-18 Westinghouse Savannah River Company, L.L.C. Microwave off-gas treatment apparatus and process
US5834744A (en) * 1997-09-08 1998-11-10 The Rubbright Group Tubular microwave applicator
EP1625775A1 (fr) * 2003-05-20 2006-02-15 Biotage AB Dispositif de chauffage aux micro-ondes
DE10329411B4 (de) 2003-07-01 2006-01-19 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Mikrowellenresonator, eine aus einem solchen Mikrowellenresonator modular aufgebaute Prozessstraße, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben und nach diesem Verfahren thermisch prozessierte Gegenstände/Werkstücke mittels Mikrowelle
JP4399582B2 (ja) * 2005-03-28 2010-01-20 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 ガス加熱装置
DE102008004732A1 (de) * 2008-01-16 2009-07-23 Lucia Viviane Sanders Hydrothermale Karbonisierung von Biomasse
GB2457495A (en) * 2008-02-15 2009-08-19 E2V Tech RF electromagnetic heating a dielectric fluid
DE202010005946U1 (de) 2010-04-19 2010-08-19 Jenoptik Katasorb Gmbh Mikrowellenreaktor zur mikrowellenunterstützten katalytischen Stoffumsetzung

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DE102011051542A1 (de) 2013-01-10
EP2544509A1 (fr) 2013-01-09
ES2565933T3 (es) 2016-04-07
DE202012102480U1 (de) 2012-08-06
DE102011051542B4 (de) 2013-04-25
PL2544509T3 (pl) 2016-09-30

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