EP2543453A1 - Installation pour fabriquer un boulon en alliage de titane et procédé de fabrication d'un boulon en alliage de titane l'utilisant - Google Patents

Installation pour fabriquer un boulon en alliage de titane et procédé de fabrication d'un boulon en alliage de titane l'utilisant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2543453A1
EP2543453A1 EP09852089A EP09852089A EP2543453A1 EP 2543453 A1 EP2543453 A1 EP 2543453A1 EP 09852089 A EP09852089 A EP 09852089A EP 09852089 A EP09852089 A EP 09852089A EP 2543453 A1 EP2543453 A1 EP 2543453A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
raw material
forging
heating
titanium alloy
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09852089A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2543453B1 (fr
EP2543453A4 (fr
Inventor
Sung Geun Lim
Jae Ho Kim
Dong Suk Kwon
Jong Taek Yeom
Jeoung Han Kim
Jae Keun Hong
Yong Taek Hyun
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Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials KIMM
Original Assignee
Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials KIMM
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Application filed by Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials KIMM filed Critical Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials KIMM
Priority claimed from KR1020090121529A external-priority patent/KR101090785B1/ko
Priority claimed from KR1020090121534A external-priority patent/KR101078816B1/ko
Publication of EP2543453A1 publication Critical patent/EP2543453A1/fr
Publication of EP2543453A4 publication Critical patent/EP2543453A4/fr
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Publication of EP2543453B1 publication Critical patent/EP2543453B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H3/00—Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape
    • B21H3/02—Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape external screw-threads ; Making dies for thread rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/44—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K27/00—Handling devices, e.g. for feeding, aligning, discharging, Cutting-off means; Arrangement thereof
    • B21K27/02—Feeding devices for rods, wire, or strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J3/00—Lubricating during forging or pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing a titanium alloy bolt through a warm forging process.
  • Titanium alloys are generally better in strength and corrosion resistance and lighter in weight than ordinary carbon steels, stainless steels, and alloy steels for special application; among various metals which can be mined from the earth, titanium is after aluminum, iron and magnesium in order of abundance.
  • Titanium is gradually replacing existing materials having been traditionally used as structural or functional materials.
  • Manufacturing the titanium alloy bolt through a cold forging process requires multiple forging steps, since formability of the titanium alloy bolt is generally bad. Therefore, productivity is low and mass production is difficult.
  • the die when a forging die is employed, the die is apt to failure, since sticking is caused by friction between the inner surface of the die and titanium alloy material, and also because of the characteristics peculiar to the material itself. This leads to increased maintenance fees.
  • the forged titanium alloy bolt since the forged titanium alloy bolt usually needs a post processing step and also has a high hardness value, a tool for post processing abrades severely during the post processing step and, therefore, is frequently replaced. This leads to increased manufacturing expenses.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for manufacturing a titanium alloy bolt, in which sticking is prevented by lubricating the surface of raw material and the mechanical properties of the bolt are increased by applying an optimal heat treatment.
  • An apparatus for manufacturing a titanium alloy bolt includes a feeding device for supplying raw material which is cut into a fixed length from a titanium alloy rod, a loader for carrying the raw material supplied from the feeding device, a heating device for heating the raw material, a forging device provided with a forging die which fabricates a forging from the heated raw material, a guiding device for conducting the heated raw material into the forging die, a heat-treating device for heat-treating the forging, a peeling device for removing the oxidized layer on the surface of the heat-treated forging, a machining device for machining the desired portions of the forging from which the oxidized layer is peeled, a form rolling device for forming a thread on an outer surface of the machined forging in order to obtain the titanium alloy bolt, and a cleaning device for cleaning the entire surface of the titanium alloy bolt.
  • the loader circulates along a looped curve passing through an interior space of the heating device.
  • the heating device includes a main heating installation that primarily heats the raw material and an auxiliary heating installation that secondarily heats the raw material which exits the main heating installation.
  • a vibrator is provided on one side of the auxiliary heating installation.
  • the vibrator generates vibrations in order to carry the raw material smoothly out of the auxiliary heating installation.
  • the feeding device includes a feeding tube that guides the feeding direction of the raw material and a stopper that selectively interferes with one end of the raw material moving along the interior space of the feeding tube in order to restrain the movement of the raw material.
  • the feeding device is provided with a plurality of stoppers.
  • a heat insulator is provided on one side of the guiding device in order to prevent the raw material moving toward the forging die from cooling.
  • a method for manufacturing a titanium alloybolt includes a surface treating step for lubricating the entire surface of raw material which is cut into a fixed length from a titanium alloy rod, a feeding step for supplying the raw material to a loader using a feeding device, a carrying step for transporting the raw material, a heating step for heating the raw material on the loader which passes through an interior space of a heating device, a warm forging step for fabricating a forging using a forging die into which the heated raw material is charged, a heat-treating step for heat-treating the forging using a heat-treating device, a peeling step for removing the oxidized layer on the surface of the hear-treated forging, a machining step for machining the desired portions of the forging from which the oxidized layer is peeled, a form rolling step for forming a thread on an outer surface of the machined forging in order to obtain the titanium alloy bolt, and a cleaning step for cleaning the entire surface of the titanium alloy bolt
  • the surface treating step includes a lubricating step for making a plurality of grooves on the surface of the raw material and applying lubricant into the grooves, and an oxidizing step for heating the raw material in order to make an oxidized film on the surface of the raw material.
  • the heating step includes a primary heating step that heats the raw material to a temperature and a secondary heating step that heats the primarily heated raw material to a temperature different from the temperature of the primary heating step.
  • the raw material is heated to a temperature of 750°C in order to make the oxidized film that has a thickness of 0.2 mg/cm 2 or less.
  • the material is heated to a temperature of 927°C and maintained for an hour at this temperature, then cooled to a temperature of 850 to 900°C, then quenched in water, and then subj ected to an aging treatment for 24 hours at a temperature of 480°C.
  • the oxidized layer is peeled by sand blasting.
  • the form rolling step is performed in a temperature of 400°C.
  • the titanium alloy bolt is dipped in a solution of 15wt% HNO 3 , 3wt% HF and 82wt% H 2 O for 5 to 10 minutes in order to remove oxidized scales attached on the titanium alloy bolt.
  • the raw material is heated to a temperature of 780°C for 35 minutes and then to a temperature of 840°C for 10 minutes.
  • the warm forging step is performed in a temperature of 600°C or more.
  • the titanium alloy bolt is manufactured through a warm forging process. Mechanical properties of the obtained bolt are severely improved and there are no faults such as cracks in the bolt.
  • the amount of faulty bolts is minimized, the quality of the obtained bolts is high, and productivity is maximized. As a result, the expenses for manufacturing the bolt are significantly decreased.
  • Such forming technology fabricating the titanium alloy bolt using the warm forging process may also be applied to other mechanical parts having various shapes.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows an apparatus for manufacturing a titanium alloy bolt according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a guiding device and a heating device of the apparatus according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing a forging die of the apparatus according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing the forging die into which raw material is being supplied.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing the forging die into which raw material has been charged.
  • Fig. 6 is a side view showing the forging die into which raw material has been completely inserted.
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged perspective view showing a portion of a feeding device of the apparatus.
  • Fig. 8 is a flow chart showing a sequence of steps for manufacturing a titanium alloy bolt using the apparatus according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a flow chart showing a surface treating step of the manufacturing steps in detail.
  • Fig. 10 is a flow chart showing a heating step of the manufacturing steps in detail.
  • Fig. 11 is a set of photos showing forgeability at various temperatures employed in the surface treating step.
  • Fig. 12 is a set of data obtained from a series of experiments for determining the process temperature of the heating step.
  • Fig. 13 is a set of photos obtained from the experiments shown in Fig. 12 .
  • Fig. 14 is a set of photos showing shape changes of raw material during the warm forging step.
  • Figs. 15 to 21 are photos showing shape changes of forgings, when heating temperatures and keeping times are varied during the forging step.
  • Fig. 22 is a table showing changes in tensile properties of forgings versus heat treatment conditions of a heat treating step.
  • Fig. 23 is a couple of photos showing microstructures of a forging before and after the heat treating step.
  • Fig. 24 is a couple of photos showing a forging before and after the peeling step.
  • Fig. 25 is a photo showing a forging after the form rolling step.
  • Fig. 26 is a set of photos showing changes in an outer diameter of a titanium alloy bolt, when dipping times are varied during a cleaning step.
  • Fig. 27 is a set of photos showing microstructures of the titanium alloy bolt obtained from the present invention, which were taken under the guidelines of ASTM.
  • Fig. 28 is a photo showing the thickness of ⁇ -scale on the surface of the bolt.
  • Fig. 29 is a table showing tensile properties of the bolts obtained from the present invention.
  • Fig. 30 is a set of photos showing fractured states of the bolts employed in Fig. 29 .
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows the apparatus for manufacturing the titanium alloy bolt according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a guiding device and a heating device of the apparatus.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing a forging die of the apparatus.
  • the apparatus is constructed such that raw material, which is cut into a fixed length from a titanium alloy rod, is carried and heated, then forged, then heat - treated, and then machined in order.
  • an embodiment of the apparatus includes a feeding device (100) for supplying the raw material (W in Fig. 4 ) which is cut into a fixed length from the titanium alloy rod, a loader (200) for carrying the raw material (W) supplied from the feeding device (100), a heating device (300) for heating the raw material (W), a forging device (400) provided with a forging die (420 in Fig. 3 ) which fabricates a forging (F in Fig.
  • the heat-treating device, the peeling device, the form rolling device, and the cleaning device are not shown since they are generally employed in the art to which the invention belongs. Process conditions for each of the devices will be described hereafter.
  • the feeding device (100) supplies the raw material (W) to the loader (200), which carries the raw material (W) into the heating device (300).
  • the feeding device includes a feeding tube (120) that guides the raw material (W) along its longitudinal direction, and a stopper (140) that selectively interferes with one end of the raw material (W) moving along the interior space of the feeding tube (120) in order to restrain the movement of the raw material (W).
  • the feeding tube (120) is made of a cylindrical hollow tube which has an inner diameter higher than an outer diameter of the raw material (W).
  • the raw material (W) is fed from the upper end of the tube (120), and the lower end of the tube (120) is placed over the upper surface of the loader (200).
  • the raw material (W) fed into the tube (120) is guided along the interior space of the tube (120), supplied to, and placed on the upper surface of the loader (200).
  • the stopper (140) is mounted near the lower end of the tube (120) .
  • the stopper is constructed such that the raw material' s movement along the interior space of the tube (120) is selectively interfered with to a halt in order to supply the raw material to the upper surface of the loader (200) at regular time and space intervals.
  • the stopper (140) includes a pair of sensors (142) which are fixed near the lower end of the tube (120) with one end of the sensors passed through the tube, a pair of cylinders (144) which are interconnected to the sensors (142) and linearly reciprocate, and a pair of interfering plates (146) which are connected to each one end of the cylinders.
  • the cylinders control the interfering plates such that one ends of the interfering plates can be selectively inserted into the tube (120).
  • each length of the cylinders (144) interconnected with the sensors is changed and, therefore each of the one ends of the interfering plates is inserted into the tube (120), halting the movement of the raw material (W).
  • each of the respective sensors (142), cylinders (144) and interfering plates (146) constitutes a controlling system and each of the interfering plates (146) is controlled to move to a direction different from each other.
  • the stopper (140) can continuously supply the raw material (W) one by one at regular intervals.
  • the loader (200) is placed under the lower end of the tube (200) .
  • the loader (200) is constructed such that it circulates along a looped curve passing through an interior space of the heating device (300).
  • the loader (200) is provided with a loading part on which the raw material is safely placed.
  • the loading part forms a closed circle such as a conveyer belt and is rotated by a driving motor.
  • One end or the lower end of the loading part is placed at a lower position than the lower end of the heating device (300) so that the raw material (W) can be supplied from the feeding device (100) to the loading part, while the upper end of the loading part is placed within the interior space of the heating device (300).
  • the raw material (W) on the loading part moves along the moving direction of the loading part and falls from the loading part at the other or the farthest end of the loading part at which the moving direction of the loading part reversely changes.
  • the loading part passes through the heating device (300), it should bear the heat generated from the heating device.
  • Various materials may be used in the loading part, if they can satisfy the conditions as described above.
  • the heating device (300) is placed over the upper side of the loader (200) .
  • the heating device (300) heats the raw material (W) moving along the loader (200) to a specific temperature in which the raw material can be forged.
  • a plurality of electric heaters (320) are provided within the heating device (300), and a plurality of infrared radiation thermometers (not shown) are also provided in the heating device (300) so that the interior temperature of the heating device (300) can be measured.
  • the heating device (300) is provided with a controller which controls the temperature of the heaters (320).
  • the heating device (300) is constructed such that the raw material (W) can be heated to various temperatures. Thatis, theheatingdevice (300) includes a main heating installation (340) that primarily heats the raw material (W) and an auxiliary heating installation (360) that secondarily heats the raw material (W) which exits the main heating installation (340).
  • the main heating installation (340) has a side shape similar to " " and primarily heats the raw material (W) moving along the loader (200). As shown in Fig. 2 , the other or the farthest end of the loader (200) is placed within the interior space and near the right end of the main heating installation (340).
  • the raw material (W) is heated when passing through the main heating installation (340) and freely falls at the other end of the loader (200).
  • the auxiliary heating installation (360) is placed under the right end of the main heating installation (340).
  • the auxiliary heating installation (360) moves or guides the raw material (W) to the forward direction and, at the same time, secondarily heats the raw material (W) which is primarily heated in the main heating installation (340).
  • the auxiliary heating installation (360) is downwardly inclined to the forward direction and has an opening (220) at its rear upper end.
  • the opening (220) is interconnected with an exit pipe (240) mounted at the front end of the auxiliary heating installation (360).
  • auxiliary heating installation After falling into the auxiliary heating installation (360) through the opening (220), the raw material (W) passes through the auxiliary heating installation (360) and exits through the pipe (240).
  • An auxiliary heater (not shown) is provided within a body (260) of the auxiliary heating installation (360) so that the raw material (W) may be secondarily heated.
  • a vibrator (not shown) is provided on one side and is within the interior space of the auxiliary heating installation (360).
  • the vibrator When the raw material (W) is guided into the guiding device (500) which is also downwardly inclined to the forward direction, the vibrator generates vibrations in order to make such guiding easier; thereby, preventing the raw material (W) from being blocked.
  • the guiding device (500) is connected with the front end of the auxiliary heating installation (360), that is, the exit pipe (240).
  • the guiding device (500) is constructed such that the raw material (W) heated in the auxiliary heating installation (360) is guided into the forging die (420).
  • the guiding device (500) is a fixed length of a hollow circular tube bended in a proper position, as shown.
  • the upper end of the guiding device (500) is connected to exit pipe (240) and the lower end of the guiding device is placed above the upper side of an inlet part (422) of the forging die (420).
  • the guiding device (500) is provided with a heat insulator whichprevents the rawmaterial (W) moving along the guiding device (500) from cooling.
  • the forging die (420) is placed under the guiding device (500) and within the forging device (400).
  • the raw material (W) is moved into the forging die (420) and pressed by a punch (440), which causes the general contour of the raw material to become similar to that of a bolt.
  • the forging die (420) includes the inlet part (422), the punch (440) at its right side, and an ejector (460) at its left side.
  • the inlet part (422) is placed under the left end or lower end of the guiding device (500).
  • the punch (440) linearly reciprocating to left and right pushes the raw material (W) into the forging die (420) and, then, presses it to have a shape similar to a bolt.
  • the ejector (460) pushes the forging (F) within the forging die (420) to the inlet part (422).
  • the raw material (W) is guided into the inlet part (422) by the guiding device (500) as shown in Fig. 4 , is fallen to the lower side of the inlet part (422) as shown in Fig. 5 , is pushed into the forging die (420) by the punch (440), and is then moved to a stable state as shown in Fig. 6 . Then, the raw material is pressed by the press and becomes the forging (F).
  • the heat-treating device is a construction that heat-treats the forging (F) formed by the forging die (420). As far as it can heat the forging (F) under the conditions which will be described later, any heat-treating device may be employed.
  • the peeling device is a construction that removes an oxidized layer on the surface of the heat-treated forging (F) .
  • the oxidized layer is sandblasted in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the machining device is a tool that machines some portions of the forging (F) from which the oxidized layer is peeled.
  • one end of the forging (F) and the lower surface of the head of the forging (F) are machined.
  • any device may be employed.
  • the form rolling device is a tool that forms a thread on an outer surface of the machined forging (F) to obtain the titanium alloy bolt.
  • the forging includes a body and a head, and the thread is formed on the outer surface of the body. As far as it can perform such threading, any device may be employed.
  • the cleaning device is a construction that cleans the entire surface of the titanium alloy bolt.
  • the surface of the bolt is pickled in a solution of 15wt% HNO 3 , 3wt% HF and 82wt% H 2 O.
  • the method of the present invention includes a surface treating step (S100) for lubricating the entire surface of the raw material (W), a feeding step (S200) for supplying the raw material (W) to the loader (200) using the feeding device (100), a carrying step (S300) for transporting the raw material (W), a heating step (S400) for heating the raw material (W) on the loader (200) which passes through the interior space of the heating device (300), a warm forging step (S500) for fabricating the forging (F) using the forging die (420) into which the heated raw material (W) is charged, a heat-treating step (S600) for heat-treating the forging (F) using the heat-treating device, a peeling step (S700) for removing the oxidized layer on the surface of the hear-treated forging (F), a machining step (S800) for machining the desired portions of the forging (F) from which the oxidized layer is peeled, a form rolling step (
  • the steps of the method are orderly described.
  • the surface treatingstep (S100) is a step for increasing the dimensional accuracy of the forging (F) formed during the forging step (S500) and preventing sticking to the interior surface of the forging die (420) during the forging step.
  • the surface treating step (S100) includes a lubricating step (S120) for making a plurality of grooves on the surface of the raw material (W) and applying lubricant into the grooves, and an oxidizing step (S140) for heating the raw material (W) in order to make an oxidized film on the surface of the raw material (W).
  • the raw materials (W) are charged into a proper container and vibrated so that the raw materials collide each other and, therefore the grooves are formed on the surface of the raw materials, and finally the lubricant is applied on the surface of the raw materials (W) and filled in the grooves.
  • the oxidizing step (S140) for making the oxidized film on the surface of the raw material (W) was performed.
  • the step (S140) was employed because of its easy workability and high economic efficiency.
  • the oxidizing step (S140) was performed at various temperature in order to determine a proper temperature for heating the raw material (W) during the step.
  • Fig. 11 shows the obtained results.
  • Fig. 11 (a) shows a sample not subjected to the oxidizing step (S140).
  • Fig. 11 (b), Fig. 11 (c) and Fig. 11 (d) show samples heated to temperatures of 927°C, 850°C and 750°C respectively.
  • the sample (a) not subjected to the step (S140) shows the sticking on a large portion of the surface and cracks were found on some parts of the surface.
  • a yellow and thickened oxidized film was formed on the surface of the sample (b) and working of the forging die (420) was blocked several times during the forging step.
  • the sample (c) shows that forgeability is improved and the sticking is found on a relatively small portion of the surface. However, as shown in an enlarged photo, stress-concentrated areas in the interior of the raw material (W) show shear bands which decrease the fatigue life and strength of a bolt.
  • the sample (d) heated to a temperature of 750°C during the step (S140) shows the smoothest surface. After forging the sample, the brittle oxidized film mostly disappeared and the thickness of the oxidized film remaining on some parts was measured to be below 5 ⁇ m (refer to Fig. 11 (b) ).
  • the amount of the shear bands resulting from unbalanced plastic deformation was decreased to a large degree and the forged raw material still had a fine equiaxed microstructure.
  • the amount of the oxidized film on the surface of the raw material (W) was found to be below 0.2 mg/cm 2 .
  • the feeding step (S200) is performed.
  • the raw material (W), with the grooves filled with the lubricant and the oxidized film is supplied to the loader (200) using the feeding device (100).
  • the carrying step (S300) for transporting the raw material (W) is performed by the circulation of the loader (200) along the looped curve.
  • the heating step (S400) is performed at the same time during the carrying step (S300).
  • the heating step (S400) includes a primary heating step (S420) for heating the raw material (W) to a temperature and a secondary heating step (S420) for heating the primarily heated raw material (W) to a temperature different from the temperature of the primary heating step.
  • Figs. 12 and 13 explain an experimental procedure to determine a proper temperature condition in the heating step (S400).
  • the hot deformability of titanium alloys was investigated by a Gleeble system in order to survey the deformation characteristics of the titanium alloys.
  • the temperatures employed ranged from 300 to 700°C and the strain rates employed ranged from 0.01/sec to 10/sec.
  • the test results show a general deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloys.
  • the alloys drastically soften from a temperature of 600°C and, therefore, it is envisaged that the alloys should be forged at a temperature of 600°C.
  • Fig. 14 is a set of photos orderly showing shape changes of the raw material (W) during the warm forging step (S500).
  • the raw material was gradually forged through 3 stages in the step (S500).
  • a specific temperature condition to obtain the desired forging (F) in the step (S400) is shown.
  • Fig. 15 shows a set of the raw materials which were firstly forged after being heated to a temperature of 800°C in the main heating installation (340), secondly forged after being heated to a temperature of 800°C in the auxiliary heating installation (360) after 20 minutes from the end of the first forging stage, and thirdly forged after 5 minutes from the end of the second forging stage.
  • Fig. 16 shows the set of the raw materials which were forged under the conditions where the temperatures in the main and auxiliary heating installations (340, 360) were set to 800°C.
  • the lubricant on the surface of the forging (F) was found to be cleared by heat, and the obtained photo shows the lower part of the forging (F) which does not have any trace of the lubricant.
  • the head part of the forging (F) shows marks reversely deformed against the moving direction of the punch (440), which are considered to occur due to frictional resistance.
  • Fig. 17 shows a set of the raw materials which were forged under the conditions where the temperatures in the main and auxiliarly installations (340, 360) were set to 900°C and the respective keeping times were set to 10 to 15 minutes.
  • the lubricant was apt to normally stay, and the obtained photo shows the forging (F) which has no sticking or deformation resistance, while the head of the forging shows a color of the lubricant oxidized to a degree.
  • Fig. 18 shows a set of the raw materials which were forged under the conditions where the temperatures of the main and auxiliarly heating installations (340, 360) were set to 840°C and the respective keeping times were set to 50 minutes.
  • the obtained photo shows the forging (W) having a good surface state. Any sticking was not found on the inner surface of the forging die (420) and the state of the punch (440) was good.
  • Fig. 19 shows the material which was forged under the conditions where the temperatures of the main and auxiliarly heating installations (340, 360) were set to 840°C and the respective keeping times were set to 65 minutes.
  • the obtainedphoto shows the forging (F) having a rough surface. Furthermore, sticking was not found on the inner surface of the forging die (420) and the state of the punch (440) was good.
  • Fig. 20 shows the materials which were forged under the conditions where the temperatures of the main and auxiliarly heating installations (340, 360) were set to 840°C and the respective keeping times were set to 45 minutes.
  • the obtained photo shows the forging (F) having a rougher surface than in the previous case.
  • Fig. 21 shows the material which was forged under the conditions where the temperatures of the main and auxiliarly heating installations (340, 360) were set to 840°C and the respective keeping times were set to 55 minutes.
  • the obtained photo shows the forging (W) having a poor surface state.
  • the raw material (W) was heated for 35 minutes under the conditions where the temperature of the entrance of the installation (340) was set to 500°C or more and the temperature of the interior of the installation (340) was set to 780°C.
  • the obtained results show that the continuously forgeable raw material can be obtained. Any sticking was not found on the inner surface of the forging die (420) and the state of the punch (440) and forging die (420) was good.
  • the warm forging step (S500) is performed.
  • a warm forging process is employed in the step (S500), since the raw material (W) is pressed to change its shape, after having been heated to the optimum temperature during the heating step (S400), which is determined as described above.
  • the heat-treating step (S600) is performed after the warm forging step (S500).
  • the step (S600) is a step for increasing the strength of the forging (F). Therefore, a lot of experiments were performed in order to obtain the forging with balanced strength and elongation values and a tensile strength of 1100 MPa or more.
  • Fig. 22 is a table showing the experimental conditions and results.
  • the forging (F) was heated for 1 hour at a temperature of 927°C, cooled to a temperature ranging from 850 to 900°C, quenched in water, and age-treated for 24 hours at a temperature of 480°C.
  • the forging (F) passes through the peeling step (S700) after being subjected to the heat treatment according to the conditions described above.
  • the peeling step (S700) is a procedure for removing the oxidized film produced on the surface of the forging (F).
  • sand-blasting was applied in the peeling step (S700).
  • Fig. 24 is a couple of photos showing the forging (F) before and after the peeling step (S700). As shown in the lower side photo of Fig. 24 , after the forging is subjected to the step (S700), the oxidized film on the surface of the forging (F) is completely removed.
  • the machining step (S800) is performed after the peeling step (S700).
  • one end of the forging (F) is slantly cut or the portion where the head and the body of the forging meet is cut to cave in.
  • the form rolling step (S900) is performed after the machining step (S800).
  • the thread is formed on the outer surface of the body of the forging (F) and the forging becomes a titanium alloy bolt.
  • the forging (F) was subjected to the warm form rolling step at a temperature of 400°C.
  • Fig. 25 shows the forging subjected to the step (S900).
  • the cleaning step (S1000) is performed after the form rolling step (S900).
  • the forging becomes a bolt through the formrolling step (S900)
  • scales attach to the surface of the obtained bolt.
  • the scales are removed in the cleaning step (S1000).
  • pickling is employed.
  • the bolt was dipped in a solution of 15wt% HNO 3 , 3wt% HF and 82wt% H 2 O for 5 to 10 minutes.
  • Fig. 26 is a set of photos showing changes in the outer diameter of the titanium alloy bolt, when dipping times are varied during the cleaning step.
  • the dipping time is less than 5 minutes, the scales still stay on the surface of the bolt.
  • the dipping time is more than 10 minutes, while the scales are totally removed, the dimensional accuracy of the thread is decreased due to the severe etching in the thread part.
  • the dipping time of the step (S1000) is 5 to 10 minutes.
  • Fig. 27 is a set of photos showing microstructures of the titanium alloy bolt obtained from the present invention, which shows that all parts of the surface have the bi-modal structure of equiaxed a and transformed ⁇ and layered structures are not found at all.
  • Fig. 28 shows the surface of the bolt before the cleaning step (S1000) where the ⁇ -scale, having a thickness of about 48 ⁇ m, is evenly distributed.
  • Such thickness value was obtained from the bolt subjected to only the warm forging step (S500). It is therefore judged that, if the bolt having the ⁇ -scale of such thickness is subjected to the pickling step (S1000), the ⁇ -scale will be completely removed, and therefore, there will no harmful effect on the mechanical properties of the bolt.
  • Figs. 29 and 30 show tensile properties of the bolts obtained from the present invention and photos taken of the fractured bolts respectively.
  • Fig. 30 shows that all of the bolts were fractured at initial load bearing threads. This means that the micro-structures of the bolts were uniform.
  • Fig. 29 shows that all of the bolts have a tensile strength value of 1000 MPa or more; all were fractured after elongation of 3 mm.
  • the embodiment of the invention employs a three stage forging method in the forging step
  • a one stage forging method may be employed considering productivity and manufacturing cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP09852089.3A 2009-12-09 2009-12-09 Installation pour fabriquer un boulon en alliage de titane et procédé de fabrication d'un boulon en alliage de titane l'utilisant Active EP2543453B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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PCT/KR2009/007354 WO2011071196A1 (fr) 2009-12-09 2009-12-09 Installation pour fabriquer un boulon en alliage de titane et procédé de fabrication d'un boulon en alliage de titane l'utilisant
KR1020090121529A KR101090785B1 (ko) 2009-12-09 2009-12-09 타이타늄합금 볼트 제조설비
KR1020090121534A KR101078816B1 (ko) 2009-12-09 2009-12-09 타이타늄합금 볼트 제조설비를 이용한 타이타늄 합금볼트의 제조방법

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103128506A (zh) * 2013-02-04 2013-06-05 繁昌县琪鑫铸造有限公司 抗屈服地脚螺栓的制备方法
CN106734796A (zh) * 2016-12-14 2017-05-31 西部超导材料科技股份有限公司 发动机用耐高温钛合金大规格棒材的锻造方法
IT201900018347A1 (it) 2019-10-09 2021-04-09 Poggipolini S P A Metodo ed impianto per la fabbricazione veloce di elementi di fissaggio
CN113714440A (zh) * 2021-08-31 2021-11-30 江苏新成标准件有限公司 一种异形组合螺栓成型的加工装置

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CN111014562A (zh) * 2020-01-06 2020-04-17 重庆富川古圣机电有限公司 锻造自动化生产线

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FR2321351A1 (fr) * 1975-07-30 1977-03-18 Quichaud Daniel Procedes de fabrication d'axes, de vis, de boulons, et de pieces metalliques analogues, et les pieces ainsi obtenues
JP2005199329A (ja) * 2004-01-16 2005-07-28 Daido Steel Co Ltd βチタン合金ボルトの製造方法
JP2006274392A (ja) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-12 Honda Motor Co Ltd チタン合金製ボルト及び引張り強さが少なくとも８００ＭＰａであるチタン合金製ボルトの製造方法
KR100628030B1 (ko) * 2005-05-04 2006-09-26 부일정밀(주) 티타늄 볼트 및 그 제조방법

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103128506A (zh) * 2013-02-04 2013-06-05 繁昌县琪鑫铸造有限公司 抗屈服地脚螺栓的制备方法
CN103128506B (zh) * 2013-02-04 2016-05-11 繁昌县琪鑫铸造有限公司 抗屈服地脚螺栓的制备方法
CN106734796A (zh) * 2016-12-14 2017-05-31 西部超导材料科技股份有限公司 发动机用耐高温钛合金大规格棒材的锻造方法
CN106734796B (zh) * 2016-12-14 2018-11-06 西部超导材料科技股份有限公司 发动机用耐高温钛合金大规格棒材的锻造方法
IT201900018347A1 (it) 2019-10-09 2021-04-09 Poggipolini S P A Metodo ed impianto per la fabbricazione veloce di elementi di fissaggio
WO2021069961A1 (fr) * 2019-10-09 2021-04-15 Poggipolini S.P.A. Procédé et installation de fabrication rapide d'éléments de fixation
US20230330739A1 (en) * 2019-10-09 2023-10-19 Poggipolini S.P.A. Method and plant for the fast manufacturing of fasteners
CN113714440A (zh) * 2021-08-31 2021-11-30 江苏新成标准件有限公司 一种异形组合螺栓成型的加工装置
CN113714440B (zh) * 2021-08-31 2022-05-31 江苏新成标准件有限公司 一种异形组合螺栓成型的加工装置

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WO2011071196A1 (fr) 2011-06-16
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