EP2539225A1 - Respirateur à recirculation muni d'un embout - Google Patents

Respirateur à recirculation muni d'un embout

Info

Publication number
EP2539225A1
EP2539225A1 EP11707384A EP11707384A EP2539225A1 EP 2539225 A1 EP2539225 A1 EP 2539225A1 EP 11707384 A EP11707384 A EP 11707384A EP 11707384 A EP11707384 A EP 11707384A EP 2539225 A1 EP2539225 A1 EP 2539225A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mouthpiece
sensor
rebreather
gas
sensors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11707384A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2539225B1 (fr
Inventor
Arne Sieber
Milena Stoianova-Sieber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2539225A1 publication Critical patent/EP2539225A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2539225B1 publication Critical patent/EP2539225B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/02—Divers' equipment
    • B63C11/18—Air supply
    • B63C11/22—Air supply carried by diver
    • B63C11/24—Air supply carried by diver in closed circulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rebreather with a mouthpiece which is connected via a inhalation hose and an exhalation hose to a breathing gas circuit, wherein at least one gas sensor for measuring the partial pressure of a respiratory gas component is arranged in the respiratory gas circuit.
  • Open diving equipment for example, have a breathing gas storage bottle which is filled with compressed air or another breathing gas mixture, and a one- or two-stage pressure reducer, which reduces the pressure of the gas in the bottle to ambient pressure.
  • the exhaled air is released into the surrounding water, but only a small part of the oxygen in the breathing gas is really consumed. So on the water surface only approx. 3% of the inhaled gas actually consumed, while at a depth of, for example, 20 meters by the increased by two bar ambient pressure only a third of this value, ie 1% of the oxygen of the inspired gas is consumed.
  • a dive to a depth of twenty meters one hundred times as much breathing gas has to be carried along as it actually consumes.
  • Semi-closed and closed rebreathers are used to circumvent system-related low breathing efficiency of open diving equipment. These devices are breathed in a cycle. The exhaled air is cleaned in rebreathers by means of a C0 2 absorber of carbon dioxide and re-enriched with oxygen. Furthermore, such devices are characterized by a one- or two-part counterlung, which can absorb the exhaled gas volume. With rebreathers, gas efficiency can be increased up to 100%.
  • the oxygen partial pressure is kept at a certain level by means of a control loop.
  • Electronically controlled closed rebreathers are known, for example, from the publications GB 2 404 593 A, US 2003/188744 A1 and WO 2005/107390 A2.
  • the oxygen manually set by the diver and thus the oxygen partial pressure manually controlled.
  • oxygen is usually metered in with an electromagnetic control valve.
  • This solenoid valve is usually housed in the housing of the carbon dioxide filter.
  • the actual control loop is implemented in one or - for redundancy reasons - in several microcontrollers.
  • the oxygen partial pressure of the breathing gas must be within certain limits in order to be breathable. In general, 0, 16 bar is considered as the lower limit and 1.6 bar as the upper limit. An oxygen partial pressure below or above these limits is classified as life-threatening. It can be seen that for rebreathers a continuous monitoring of the oxygen partial pressure is necessary. Closed units require p0 2 sensors for manual and / or electronically controlled regulation of the oxygen partial pressure in the breathing gas circuit. As p0 2 sensors usually electrochemical liquid electrolyte sensors are used, which must be calibrated before the dive on the surface with air or 100% 0 2 .
  • a properly functioning p0 2 sensor for use in rebreathers has an output signal (current or voltage), which depends linearly only on the oxygen partial pressure in front of the membrane of the sensor.
  • the susceptibility of the p0 2 sensors to error is to be countered with the redundant use of p0 2 sensors.
  • three oxygen sensors are usually used in closed rebreathers. If a sensor fails and therefore its output signal differs from that of the other two, this is detected by comparing all three sensor signals with a "voting algorithm", and this sensor is no longer used to control the p0 2 (see GB 2 404 593 A or WO 2004/112905 AI). A faulty sensor can thus be determined.
  • this method fails with the following errors:
  • a calibration / validation device allows the flow of an oxygen sensor with a gas of known composition. Thus, a sensor can be easily checked for correct function.
  • Electrolyte may leak from the sensor housing
  • a carbon dioxide absorber (chemical filter, soda lime, carbon dioxide filter, scrubber) absorbs the exhaled carbon dioxide.
  • a proper function of the carbon dioxide absorber is vital, since with an increase in the carbon dioxide content in the circulation threatens carbon dioxide poisoning, which in turn is classified as life-threatening. The following errors can occur:
  • Optical C0 2 sensors are mostly based on the absorption of infrared light. However, this method is not very reliable due to the high humidity (up to 100% condensing) in a rebreather. It is known to increase the reliability in front of the measuring cell of the infrared C0 2 sensor to arrange a moisture barrier or hydrophobic membrane. Another way to increase the reliability of such C0 2 sensors, the sensors / sensor element is to increase to a temperature greater than the gas temperature in the rebreather to exclude condensation. Furthermore, to check the function of the carbon dioxide absorber, the temperature of the carbon dioxide filter can be measured (US 2003/074154 A1).
  • DE 10 2007 039 124 A1 describes a device and a method for controlling and / or regulating a training and / or regulation of a training and / or rehabilitation unit.
  • this device contains a sensor unit with a heatable electrochemical solid electrolyte sensor for determining oxygen concentration and another heatable electrochemical solid electrolyte sensor for determining the concentration of carbon dioxide.
  • Solid State Electrolyte Sensors for the Determination of Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Total Flow Rates Associated to Respiration in Human Subjects edited by S. Fasoulas; Executive Summary to the ESTEC Contract no.
  • a rebreather usually has an inhalation and exhalation hose. In between, the mouthpiece is mounted, in which two directional valves are arranged.
  • the main focus in the construction of rebreathers is, among other things, a construction of a mouthpiece in which the so-called dead space, which is understood as meaning the space between the directional valves and the bite piece, is minimized. This is important because otherwise there is the risk that the C0 2 content in the dead space increases. This is especially a problem when the diver is breathing very shallow.
  • the gas sensor is designed as a solid electrolyte sensor, wherein at least one solid electrolyte sensor is arranged in the mouthpiece. At least two directional valves may be arranged in the mouthpiece, wherein preferably at least one gas sensor is arranged between the two directional valves.
  • the oral be designed so piece that the dead space between the directional valves and the bite piece is minimized and yet large cable cross-sections are met.
  • the solid-state electrolyte sensor can be designed as 0 2 - and / or as C0 2 - gas sensor.
  • Solid state electrolyte sensors are based on special materials that are conductive to gas ions. Normally, however, these materials are conductive only at elevated temperatures (typically 500 ° C - 700 ° C). Typical materials include zirconia and ceria for oxygen and nasicon for C0 2 .
  • Potentiometric solid electrolyte sensors for oxygen have been known for a long time, and find application in engine controls (lambda sensor) or in industrial combustion controls, among others.
  • Miniaturized gas sensors are used, inter alia, for in-situ and bypass measurements of O x , CO x , H 2 , C x H y , NO x in medical and environmental technology, eg. For example, in the performance diagnostics of astronauts or for residual gas analysis in space used (see http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakul- taet_maschinenoch / ilr / rsn).
  • Thick-film miniature solid-state electrolyte sensors have the advantage of a long service life and a very fast response time.
  • the actual sensor elements are available in the size 2.5 x 2.5 x 2 mm 3 and can be easily integrated into a rebreather. Due to the small design only low heat outputs (1 - 2 watts) are required, which allows conventional batteries or rechargeable batteries to operate for several hours.
  • the high operating temperature prevents condensation-related disturbances.
  • the fast response time allows precise control of the oxygen partial pressure.
  • the high response speed of less than 100 ms even makes it possible to influence the heart rate, as the p0 2 / pC0 2 signal of the exhaled air is modulated with the heart rate.
  • the small dimensions allow integration of the gas sensors directly in the mouthpiece.
  • the oxygen partial pressure of inhaled and exhaled gas can be detected separately.
  • Favorable placement in the gas stream can also be used to measure the mass flow of the respiratory gases with these solid-state electrolyte sensors and thus to determine the minute volume of the diver and the breathing volume. be deduced.
  • the high temporal resolution of the sensors allows a high-precision determination of small and short-term changes in oxygen partial pressure.
  • the load on the diver can be recorded and this, in turn, can be used as a factor influencing the decompression calculation.
  • Planar miniature solid-state electrolyte sensors for the partial pressure measurement of C0 2 and 0 2 thus have the following properties:
  • the 0 2 sensor is an amperometric sensor - so no reference measuring chamber is needed;
  • the sensors are very small, they can also be integrated directly into the mouthpiece of a rebreather; • Since the sensors have a very short response time ( ⁇ 100 ms), o the oxygen partial pressure in the system can be better and more precisely controlled; o measure differences in the gas composition of inhaled and exhaled gas (when integrated in the mouthpiece); o This allows conclusions about the oxygen metabolism of the diver.
  • the sensors are kept at high temperature, they can be used as gas mass flow meters. By appropriate placement of the sensors in the gas flow, the gas flow can be measured (inhalation and exhalation volume, minute volume), which allows: o conclusion on the activity of the diver (stress, high physical stress, ...); o Determining if the diver is breathing at all and how fast - which in turn can be used as an input parameter to the controller.
  • Part of the invention is the integration of electronics and sensors directly in the mouthpiece.
  • Long sensor cables (as described in the article by S. Fasoulas) can lead to measurement errors if there are electrical interference fields. Underwater, this is usually not the case, but rebreathers are being prepared on the surface.
  • Electromagnetic interference due to, for example, radio or a poorly suppressed motor can - especially when long leads are used - lead to measurement errors. This is especially problematic if these measurement errors occur during a device test or a calibration, since in this case a faulty 0 2 - control can be the result - a circumstance that is classified as life-threatening. Problems of this kind have already led to accidents with rebreathers in the past.
  • By integrating the electronics directly next to the sensors in the mouthpiece such sources of error can be minimized.
  • the oxygen supply control valve in the breathing circuit can also be integrated directly into the mouthpiece.
  • sources of error such as cables to the solenoid valve, which lead through the water, omitted.
  • the complete control circuit of the rebreather can thus be integrated in the mouthpiece.
  • the integration of the complete control electronics and the control valve in the mouthpiece offers many advantages: o no long cables and signal distortions as a result, since sensors, solenoid valve, electronics and power supply (battery) are integrated directly next to each other; o more robust construction and thus increased safety; o cost-effective construction; o
  • the mouthpiece contains all the electronics. Rebreather units without electronic controls can be easily upgraded by replacing the original mouthpiece with the fully integrated mouthpiece
  • the solid-state electrolyte sensors are, as already described, electrically heated. If the mouthpiece is flooded, it may happen that the sensors are exposed to the water. Several measures are conceivable to protect the sensors:
  • the sensors are placed behind a hydrophobic membrane, which prevents the penetration of water.
  • the mouthpiece is provided with a device with which - if the mouthpiece is removed under water from the mouth - the space between the directional valves is sealed against the bite piece.
  • the electronics continuously monitor the temperature of the sensor. If this drops suddenly, although the heating current remains constant, this is an indication that the sensor is in contact with water. As a consequence, the heating power is minimized to avoid overloading the heater. In particular, the voltage supply of the heater is limited to less than 1 volt to avoid electrolysis. If the sensor temperature is then greater than 100 ° C again, it can be assumed that the water has evaporated and normal operation can be resumed.
  • a rebreather tip is attached to a full-face mask. This is particularly often preferred by emergency services, as full-face masks bring additional security. For example, in the case of powerlessness, a gas supply remains secure. This is for divers especially important, because a fainting can cause the mouthpiece falls out of the mouth and thus the gas supply is interrupted.
  • Fig. 1 shows a known rebreather
  • Fig. 2 shows a part of an inventive rebreather.
  • Fig. Fig. 1 shows a closed loop dipping apparatus according to the prior art.
  • the diver exhales through the bite piece 19 connected to the mouthpiece 1 via the exhalation hose 2 into the exhalation counterlung 4.
  • C0 2 filter 7 (“scrubber")
  • carbon dioxide is chemically absorbed from the exhaled air.
  • the breathing gas then passes into the inhalation counter lung 5.
  • the breathing gas is inhaled again.
  • fresh 0 2 gas is supplied from an oxygen storage bottle 11 via an electromagnetic control valve 9, which is usually housed in the housing of the C0 2 filter 7, the breathing gas cycle.
  • a pressure reducer 12 reduces the cylinder pressure to a pressure of typically 7 - 10 bar.
  • the storage bottle 11 contains pure oxygen 0 2 .
  • the control circuit also has a microcontroller 10 and one to four oxygen sensors 8, via which the oxygen partial pressure p0 2 in the breathing gas circuit is measured. Dive relevant data are displayed on a display 15. If the partial pressure of oxygen drops below a certain value, then pure oxygen 0 2 is metered into the respiratory gas circulation via the electromagnetic control valve 9.
  • the breathing gas is compressed in the breathing gas circulation.
  • diluent gas from a supply bottle 13 is supplied to the breathing gas circuit 26 via a manual valve 16 or an automatic valve.
  • the cylinder pressure is reduced to typically 8-10 bar above atmospheric pressure. Excess gas can escape through a pressure relief valve 6.
  • Fig. 2 shows a simple embodiment of the invention.
  • the embodiment formed as a mouthpiece integrated mouthpiece 1 is connected via a breathing tube 3 and an exhalation 2 to the breathing gas circuit 26.
  • the two directional valves - inhalation valve 18 and exhalation valve 17 - specify the gas flow direction.
  • With 19 is the actual rubber bite piece, which holds the diver with his teeth.
  • the 0 2 sensor 20 and the C0 2 sensor 21 are formed as solid electrolyte sensors and mounted in the cavity of the mouthpiece 1 between the directional valves 17, 18.
  • a miniature solenoid valve control valve 23 which controls the control valve 9 of FIG. 1 replaced, can from a in Fig.
  • a disc or roller-type closure for the bit may be incorporated into the mouthpiece 1 in the event that the bit 19 is removed from the mouth by the diver.
  • a switching roller in the mouthpiece 1 which allows a switch from closed circuit to open circuit (b).
  • a so-called second stage (low-pressure stage) of an open dipping system is expediently integrated into the mouthpiece 1.
  • the second stage can also act as an auto-diluent control valve in closed mode.
  • the mouthpiece is designed so that when the bite piece is closed in case (a) or in open mode in case (b), the sensors are protected between the directional valves of water. In case (a), this is easy to do because the disc or barrel type seal seals the space between the directional valves from the bite piece and so automatically the sensors are also protected from water.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un respirateur à recirculation muni d'un embout (1), qui est raccordé par l'intermédiaire d'un flexible d'inspiration (3) et un flexible d'expiration (2) à un circuit de gaz respiré (26), au moins un capteur de gaz pour la mesure de la pression partielle d'un composant du gaz respiré étant disposé dans le circuit de gaz respiré (26). Pour éviter le plus possible des sources d'erreur lors de la mesure de la pression partielle du composant de gaz respiré, il est prévu que le capteur de gaz est réalisé sous forme d'un capteur électrolytique solide, au moins un capteur électrolytique solide étant disposé dans l'embout (1).
EP11707384.1A 2010-02-25 2011-02-25 Respirateur à recirculation muni d'un embout Not-in-force EP2539225B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2922010A AT509551B1 (de) 2010-02-25 2010-02-25 Kreislauftauchgerät mit einem mundstück
PCT/EP2011/052790 WO2011104327A1 (fr) 2010-02-25 2011-02-25 Respirateur à recirculation muni d'un embout

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2539225A1 true EP2539225A1 (fr) 2013-01-02
EP2539225B1 EP2539225B1 (fr) 2014-06-18

Family

ID=44064708

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11707384.1A Not-in-force EP2539225B1 (fr) 2010-02-25 2011-02-25 Respirateur à recirculation muni d'un embout

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2539225B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT509551B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011104327A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011084957A1 (de) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-25 Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG Anordnung zur Überwachung eines Sauerstoffgehaltes in einer Prozesseinrichtung

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3556098A (en) * 1968-12-04 1971-01-19 John W Kanwisher Apparatus for controlling environmental conditions, suitable for use underwater
US5071453A (en) * 1989-09-28 1991-12-10 Litton Systems, Inc. Oxygen concentrator with pressure booster and oxygen concentration monitoring
US5746806A (en) * 1996-08-15 1998-05-05 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated Apparatus and method for controlling output of an oxygen concentrator
AU2002222831A1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2002-05-15 Marat Vadimovich Evtukhov Integral life support system
US6618687B2 (en) * 2001-10-16 2003-09-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Temperature-based estimation of remaining absorptive capacity of a gas absorber
GB2402885A (en) * 2003-06-20 2004-12-22 Uri Baran Head up display for diving apparatus
GB2404593A (en) * 2003-07-03 2005-02-09 Alexander Roger Deas Control electronics system for rebreather
CA2564999A1 (fr) * 2004-04-30 2005-11-17 Heliox Technologies, Inc. Systeme de regulation de point de consigne et afficheur pour respirateur a circuit ferme
JP4206970B2 (ja) * 2004-06-08 2009-01-14 ダイキン工業株式会社 酸素濃縮器
AT9946U1 (de) * 2006-12-28 2008-06-15 Sieber Arne Dipl Ing Dr Sauerstoffpartialdruckmessvorrichtung für kreislauftauchgeräte
DE102007039124A1 (de) * 2007-08-18 2009-02-19 Ulrich Dr. Jerichow Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung einer Trainings- und/oder Rehabilitaionseinheit

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2011104327A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT509551A1 (de) 2011-09-15
WO2011104327A1 (fr) 2011-09-01
AT509551B1 (de) 2012-01-15
EP2539225B1 (fr) 2014-06-18

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