EP2532016B1 - Current-limiting device having a changeable coil impedance - Google Patents

Current-limiting device having a changeable coil impedance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2532016B1
EP2532016B1 EP10805601.1A EP10805601A EP2532016B1 EP 2532016 B1 EP2532016 B1 EP 2532016B1 EP 10805601 A EP10805601 A EP 10805601A EP 2532016 B1 EP2532016 B1 EP 2532016B1
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Prior art keywords
coil
current
superconducting
cryostat
choke coil
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EP10805601.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2532016A1 (en
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Mathias Noe
Christian Schacherer
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Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/02—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions for non-linear operation
    • H01F38/023—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions for non-linear operation of inductances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/02—Casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F2006/001—Constructive details of inductive current limiters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Strombegrenzung mit einer veränderbaren Spulenimpedanz.The present invention relates to a current limiting device with a variable coil impedance.

Strombegrenzer werden ganz allgemein in der Energietechnik und in der elektrischen Energieversorgung eingesetzt. In der Energietechnik allgemein und insbesondere in der Hochspannungstechnik sind vor allem Strombegrenzer bekannt, die unter Verwendung von Drosselspulen nach dem Prinzip des abgeschirmten Eisenkerns oder des gleichstromvormagnetisierten Eisenkerns arbeiten. Nachteilig ist bei Strombegrenzern, in denen Eisenkerne verwendet werden, dass sie durch ein hohes Volumen und hohes Gewicht gekennzeichnet sind, sowie die vergleichsweise hohe Impedanz des elektrischen Systems im Nennbetrieb.Current limiters are generally used in power engineering and in the electrical energy supply. In power engineering in general, and in particular in high-voltage engineering, it is above all current limiters which operate using choke coils on the principle of the shielded iron core or the DC biased iron core. A disadvantage of current limiters, in which iron cores are used, that they are characterized by a high volume and high weight, and the comparatively high impedance of the electrical system in nominal operation.

Weiter bekannt sind die als Is-Begrenzer bezeichneten Strombegrenzer. Der Vorteil dieser Is-Begrenzer liegt darin, dass die Impedanz im Normalbetrieb vernachlässigbar gering ist, jedoch im Fehlerfall schlagartig erhöht werden kann. Dies wird durch Sprengkapseln realisiert. Ein Nachteil dieses Systems ist jedoch, dass durch die Verwendung von Sprengkapseln nach jedem Auslösen ein Wartungsvorgang nach sich zieht und dass es nur begrenzt auf Anwendungen in der Hochspannungstechnik skalierbar ist.Also known are the current limiters designated as I s limiters. The advantage of this I s -limiter is that the impedance in normal operation is negligible, but can be increased abruptly in the event of a fault. This is realized by detonators. A disadvantage of this system, however, is that the use of blasting caps after each triggering causes a maintenance operation and that it is only limitedly scalable to high voltage applications.

Ein weiterer Ansatz ist die Verwendung von supraleitenden Materialen. Die DE 602004012035 beschreibt zum Beispiel einen supraleitenden Strombegrenzer mit magnetfeldunterstütztem Quench. Im Fehlerfall führt der durch den Supraleiter fließende Strom zu einem kritischen Strom und der Supraleiter geht in den normalleitenden Zustand über. Gemäß des in der DE 602004012035 offenbarten Strombegrenzers ist jeder Supraleiterkörper mit einer Spule parallelgeschaltet.Another approach is the use of superconducting materials. The DE 602004012035 describes, for example, a superconducting current limiter with magnetic field assisted quench. In the event of a fault, the current flowing through the superconductor leads to a critical current and the superconductor changes to the normal conducting state. According to the in the DE 602004012035 Strombegrenzers disclosed each superconductor body is connected in parallel with a coil.

Bekannt ist weiterhin das Prinzip der so genannten resistiven supraleitenden Strombegrenzer, die durch ihre nichtlineare Strom- Spannungslinie den Strom im Kurzschlussfall begrenzen. Nachteilig bei den beiden letztgenannten Prinzipien ist, dass die Stromzufuhr über geeignete Mittel zwischen einer Raumtemperaturumgebung und eine Tieftemperaturumgebung erfolgen muss. Hierbei kommt es zu hohen thermischen Verlusten.Also known is the principle of the so-called resistive superconducting current limiters, which limit the current in the event of a short circuit due to their non-linear current-voltage line. A disadvantage of the latter two principles is that the power supply via suitable Medium between a room temperature environment and a cryogenic environment must be made. This leads to high thermal losses.

Die JP H05 145128 A offenbart eine Vorrichtung zur Strombegrenzung mit einer Drosselspule, einer Kühleinrichtung und einer magnetischen Abschirmung aus einem Hochtemperatur-supraleitenden Hohlkörper in der Drosselspule.The JP H05 145128 A discloses a device for current limiting with a choke coil, a cooling device and a magnetic shield from a high temperature superconducting hollow body in the choke coil.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher einen Strombegrenzer anzugeben, der die genannten Einschränkungen und Nachteile vermeidet. Insbesondere soll die Erfindung einen Strombegrenzer angeben, der schnell und zuverlässig im Fehlerfall den Strom begrenzt, automatisch in den Normalzustand zurückkehrt, sowie die Impedanz im Nennbetrieb nur in vernachlässigbarem Maße erhöht. Der Strombegrenzer soll weiterhin in Kombination mit den vielfach verwendeten Drosselspulen eingesetzt werden können und in bestehende Netze nachrüstbar sein. The object of the invention is therefore to provide a current limiter which avoids the limitations and disadvantages mentioned. In particular, the invention should specify a current limiter, which limits the current quickly and reliably in the event of a fault, automatically returns to normal, and increases the impedance in nominal operation only to a negligible extent. The current limiter should continue to be used in combination with the inductors used many times and can be retrofitted into existing networks.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 1. Die Unteransprüche geben vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Vorrichtung an.This object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1. The dependent claims indicate advantageous embodiments of the device.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird ein Strombegrenzer vorgeschlagen, bei dem durch den Einsatz einer supraleitenden Spule im Innern einer Drosselspule die Induktivität und damit die Impedanz der Drosselspule signifikant reduziert wird. Dies geschieht durch Ströme, die in der supraleitenden Spule induziert werden und die das Magnetfeld der Drosselspule kompensieren.To solve the problem, a current limiter is proposed in which the inductance and thus the impedance of the choke coil is significantly reduced by the use of a superconducting coil in the interior of a choke coil. This is done by currents that are induced in the superconducting coil and compensate for the magnetic field of the inductor.

Die Drosselspule des erfindungsgemäßen Strombegrenzers umfasst einen abgeschlossenen Kryostat, der keine elektrische Verbindung zu seiner Umgebung hat. Im Innern des Kyrostats ist eine kurzgeschlossene Spule angeordnet, die aus einem supraleitenden Material besteht. Diese Spule umfasst eine supraleitende Spule, die aus nur einer kurzgeschlossenen Windung besteht. Erfindungsgemäß besteht die kurzgeschlossene Spule aus einem kommerziell erhältlichen supraleitenden Bandleiter.The choke coil of the current limiter according to the invention comprises a sealed cryostat, which has no electrical connection to its surroundings. In the interior of the Kyrostats a short-circuited coil is arranged, which consists of a superconducting material. This coil comprises a superconducting coil consisting of only one shorted turn. According to the invention, the short-circuited coil consists of a commercially available superconducting band conductor.

Im Normalbetrieb kompensiert die supraleitende Spule das Magnetfeld der Drosselspule. Dadurch wird die Induktivität gesenkt und der Spannungsabfall im Normalbetrieb wird minimiert. Bei Überschreiten eines bestimmten Stromwertes in der supraleitenden Spule geht der Supraleiter in den normalleitenden Zustand über und vergrößert die Induktivität, wodurch der Strom begrenzt wird. Nach dem Abschalten des zu hohen Stroms geht der Supraleiter nach einer geringen Zeit wieder selbstständig in den supraleitenden Zustand zurück und der Normalbetrieb kann wieder aufgenommen werden.In normal operation, the superconducting coil compensates the magnetic field of the choke coil. As a result, the inductance is lowered and the voltage drop during normal operation is minimized. When a certain current value in the superconducting coil is exceeded, the superconductor changes to the normal conducting state and increases the inductance, whereby the current is limited. After switching off the excessively high current, the superconductor returns automatically to the superconducting state after a short time, and normal operation can be resumed.

Ein Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Strombegrenzers ist seine intrinsische Eigensicherheit durch die Materialeigenschaften des Supraleiters selbst. Dies erlaubt einen Verzicht auf zusätzliche Auslösemechanismen.An advantage of the current limiter according to the invention is its intrinsic intrinsic safety due to the material properties of the superconductor itself. This allows a waiver of additional triggering mechanisms.

Ein besonderer Vorteil ist, dass zur effektiven Strombegrenzung kein Eisenkern notwendig ist, was sich vorteilhaft auf die Impedanz des Systems und auch auf die Dimensionierung des Bauteils auswirkt. Der Verzicht auf Eisenkerne erlaubt eine kompakte Bauweise des Strombegrenzers, so dass dieser in bestehende Netzsysteme eingebaut werden kann. Auf diese Weise können konventionelle Maßnahmen zur Strombegrenzung mit einer Drosselspule effizienter gestaltet werden. Dies ist sowohl durch Erstausrüstung neuer Energienetzwerke mit einer kurzgeschlossenen supraleitenden Spule zur Reduzierung der Impedanz im Nennbetrieb, als auch durch Nachrüstung bestehender Netzwerke.A particular advantage is that no iron core is necessary for effective current limitation, which has an advantageous effect on the impedance of the system and also on the dimensioning of the component. The absence of iron cores allows a compact design of the current limiter, so that it can be installed in existing network systems. In this way, conventional measures for limiting the current with a choke coil can be made more efficient. This is both by equipping new energy networks with a short-circuited superconducting coil to reduce the impedance in nominal operation, as well as by retrofitting existing networks.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung ist, dass keine Mittel zur Stromzuführung zu der supraleitenden Spule nötig sind. Der Kryostat kann daher als abgeschlossenes System ausgeführt werden und die üblicherweise auftretenden thermischen Verluste, die bei elektrischen Verbindungen zwischen einer Umgebung mit Raumtemperatur und einer Tieftemperaturumgebung auftreten, werden vermieden.Another advantage of the invention is that no means for supplying power to the superconducting coil are necessary. The cryostat can therefore be implemented as a closed system and the usually occurring thermal losses that occur in electrical connections between a room temperature environment and a cryogenic environment are avoided.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Beispiels und der Figuren erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt ein Übersichtsschaubild einer Anordnung aus einer Drosselspule mit eingesetzter Hochtemperatursupraleiter (HTS) Spule und Kühleinrichtung.
  • Fig. 2 zeigt das Ersatzschaltbild einer Drosselspule mit eingesetzter HTS Spule.
The invention will be explained below with reference to an example and the figures.
  • Fig. 1 shows an overview diagram of an arrangement of a choke coil with inserted high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil and cooling device.
  • Fig. 2 shows the equivalent circuit diagram of a choke coil with inserted HTS coil.

In Fig. 1 ist schematisch eine Anordnung aus einer Drosselspule 1, einem Kryostat 2, der mit flüssigem Stickstoff 3 gefüllt ist, einem Kühlgerät 4 und einer HTS-Spule 5 dargestellt.In Fig. 1 schematically is an arrangement of a choke coil 1 , a cryostat 2 , which is filled with liquid nitrogen 3 , a cooling device 4 and a HTS coil 5 shown.

Die HTS-Spule 5 ist in der Ausführform als YBCO-Bandleiter mit einer, in der Figur nicht gezeigten, Wicklung ausgestaltet, wobei diese Wicklung aus nur einer kurzgeschlossenen Windung besteht. Die HTS-Spule 5 ist außerdem in einem Kryostat 2 angeordnet, wobei ein Kühlgerät 4 den sich in ihm befindlichen und die HTS-Spule umgebenen Stickstoff 3 kühlt. Auf diese Weise werden die supraleitenden Eigenschaften der HTS-Spule 5 erzeugt.The HTS coil 5 is designed in the embodiment as a YBCO band conductor with a, not shown in the figure, winding, this winding consists of only one shorted turn. The HTS coil 5 is also arranged in a cryostat 2 , wherein a cooling device 4 cools the nitrogen 3 located therein and surrounding the HTS coil. In this way, the superconducting properties of the HTS coil 5 are generated.

Fig. 2 zeigt das Ersatzschaltbild der Drosselspule 1 mit einem ohmschen Widerstand 11 und einer Streuinduktivität 12 und mit einer eingesetzter HTS-Spule 5, die eine veränderliche Impedanz 21 besitzt. Fig. 2 shows the equivalent circuit of the choke coil 1 with an ohmic resistance 11 and a leakage inductance 12 and with an inserted HTS coil 5 , which has a variable impedance 21 .

Die gesamte Anordnung der Spulen hat die Hauptinduktivität 22. Die kurzgeschlossene HTS-Spule 5 kompensiert im Normalbetrieb das Magnetfeld der Drosselspule 1. Durch diese Kompensation wird die Induktivität abgesenkt und die Verluste des Systems im Normalbetrieb werden minimiert. Kommt es hingegen zu einem Kurzschluss, geht die HTS-Spule 5 in den normalleitenden Zustand über. Das Magnetfeld der Drosselspule 1 wird nicht mehr kompensiert und als Folge steigt die Induktivität an. Der Kurzschlussstrom wird dadurch begrenzt. Bei Wegfall des Kurzschlusstroms kehrt die HTS-Spule 5 nach wenigen Sekunden in den supraleitenden Zustand zurück und der Normalbetrieb wird wieder aufgenommen.The entire arrangement of the coils has the main inductance 22 . The short-circuited HTS coil 5 compensates for the magnetic field of the choke coil 1 in normal operation. By this compensation, the inductance is lowered and the losses of the system in normal operation are minimized. If, however, there is a short circuit, the HTS coil 5 changes to the normal conducting state. The magnetic field of the choke coil 1 is no longer compensated and as a result, the inductance increases. The short-circuit current is thereby limited. When the short-circuit current ceases, the HTS coil 5 returns to the superconducting state after a few seconds and normal operation resumes.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

  • 1 Drosselspule1 choke coil
  • 2 Kryostat2 cryostat
  • 3 flüssiger Stickstoff3 liquid nitrogen
  • 4 Kühlgerät4 cooling unit
  • 5 HTS-Spule5 HTS coil
  • 11 ohmscher Widerstand der Drosselspule11 ohmic resistance of the choke coil
  • 12 primäre Streuinduktivität der Drosselspule12 primary leakage inductance of the choke coil
  • 21 veränderliche Imdepanz der supraleitenden Spule21 variable Imdepanz the superconducting coil
  • 22 Hauptinduktivität der Anordnung22 Main inductance of the arrangement

Claims (4)

  1. Device for limiting current, having variable coil impendance, comprising a Choke coil (1) and a cooling device (4), wherein a further coil (5) made of a high-temperature superconductive material is arranged in the choke coil (1), and wherein the current limiting device is designed to be without an iron core and the further coil (5) is electrically short-circuited,
    characterised in that
    the further coil (5) consists of only one short-circuited winding made of a superconductive strip conductor.
  2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the cooling device (4) comprises a cryostat (2).
  3. Device according to claim 2, wherein the cryostat (2) is designed as a closed system, without means for the electrical connection of the further coil (5) to its electrical environment.
  4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the further coil (5) made of a high-temperature superconductive material is arranged in the interior of the cryostat (2).
EP10805601.1A 2010-02-06 2010-12-21 Current-limiting device having a changeable coil impedance Active EP2532016B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010007087A DE102010007087A1 (en) 2010-02-06 2010-02-06 Device for current limiting with a variable coil impedance
PCT/EP2010/007837 WO2011095199A1 (en) 2010-02-06 2010-12-21 Device for limiting current having variable coil impedance

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EP2532016A1 EP2532016A1 (en) 2012-12-12
EP2532016B1 true EP2532016B1 (en) 2015-08-26

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US (1) US9583258B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2532016B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5907894B2 (en)
DE (1) DE102010007087A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2011095199A1 (en)

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DE102012218260B3 (en) 2012-10-05 2013-12-05 Bruker Hts Gmbh Inductive fault current limiter with split secondary coil arrangement
DE102012218261B3 (en) 2012-10-05 2013-11-14 Bruker Hts Gmbh Inductive fault current limiter with split primary coil arrangement
CN104425118B (en) * 2013-09-06 2016-08-17 华中科技大学 A kind of superconductive controllable reactor
US9721709B2 (en) * 2014-06-04 2017-08-01 Novum Industria Llc Inductively decoupled dual SMES in a single cryostat
DE102015210655A1 (en) 2015-02-27 2016-09-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electric coil device for inductive-resistive current limiting
DE102015208470A1 (en) 2015-05-07 2016-11-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electric coil device for current limitation
CN105551779B (en) * 2016-03-07 2017-05-31 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 A kind of superconductive controllable reactor
DE102016213753A1 (en) 2016-07-27 2018-02-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wound ladder arrangement with spacer element
DE102016213755A1 (en) 2016-07-27 2018-02-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Winding support for an electrical coil winding
DE102016223022A1 (en) 2016-09-23 2018-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Inductive current limiter for DC applications
DE102016221029A1 (en) 2016-10-26 2018-04-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electric coil device for current limitation with cryostat
DE102017120002A1 (en) 2017-08-31 2019-02-28 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie CURRENT LIMITATION DEVICE
DE102017217524A1 (en) 2017-10-02 2019-04-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Current limiter device and method for fault determination
EP3496116A1 (en) 2017-12-07 2019-06-12 Bruker HTS GmbH Apparatus and method for current conditioning, using a primary coil coupled to secondary coils of superconducting material, with smoothed transitions
WO2019158180A1 (en) 2018-02-13 2019-08-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for limiting electrical current

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US20120306606A1 (en) 2012-12-06
DE102010007087A1 (en) 2011-08-11
WO2011095199A1 (en) 2011-08-11
JP2013519219A (en) 2013-05-23
US9583258B2 (en) 2017-02-28
JP5907894B2 (en) 2016-04-26
EP2532016A1 (en) 2012-12-12

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