EP2531283B1 - Apparatus and method for mixing dispersions and gases - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for mixing dispersions and gases Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2531283B1 EP2531283B1 EP11702438.0A EP11702438A EP2531283B1 EP 2531283 B1 EP2531283 B1 EP 2531283B1 EP 11702438 A EP11702438 A EP 11702438A EP 2531283 B1 EP2531283 B1 EP 2531283B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dispersion
- gas
- process according
- receiver
- perforated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title description 36
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/232—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
- B01F23/2322—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles using columns, e.g. multi-staged columns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
- B01F25/452—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
- B01F25/4521—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through orifices in elements, e.g. flat plates or cylinders, which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for mixing dispersions with gases.
- the present invention relates to a method for mixing a polymer dispersion with a gas.
- the mixing apparatuses may become clogged and thus quickly lose their operating properties. They must therefore frequently be replaced, cleaning and subsequent re-use of the mixers generally not being possible.
- the object of the present invention is, therefore, to provide a method for the efficient mixing of dispersions with gases, which is capable of overcoming the disadvantages known from the prior art.
- the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.
- the idea underlying the invention is to provide in a receiver, which can be formed, for example, by a tube, a number of loose perforated plates which are spaced apart from one another by means of spacers and can be stacked freely in the receiver.
- a suitable closing element can be fastened to the receiver, on which closing element the lowermost perforated plate is supported.
- other types of fastening for such a closing element can be provided, such as, for example, flanges or the like.
- An inlet element can be provided in the same manner at the upper end of the receiver.
- the receiver has a tapered cross-section at its inlet and/or outlet side.
- a tapered cross-section can be formed, for example, by the above-described outlet or inlet element.
- the cross-section tapers at the inlet and/or outlet side by ⁇ 10% compared with the mean cross-section of the receiver.
- the total perforated area per perforated plate is from 1% to 20% of the total plate area. It has been shown that, with such a perforated area or passage area, adequate mixing can be achieved without the hydraulic resistance through the perforated plates becoming too high.
- the perforation diameters of the individual perforations of a perforated plate are from 1% to 15% of the diameter of the perforated plate.
- the perforations can be arranged in a randomly or uniformly distributed manner over the entire surface of the perforated plate, preference being given to a uniform distribution.
- the perforations are formed in the perforated plates without burrs. As a result, the shear forces occurring at the perforations can be reduced further and coagulation of the dispersion caused by shear can be avoided.
- the perforated plates can have a thickness of from 1 mm to 10 mm.
- the perforated plates advantageously have sufficient stability, even with large perforation diameters and a high total perforated area, to withstand the mechanical forces occurring in the apparatus.
- the spacing between the individual perforated plates can be from 5 to 100 times the thickness of the perforated plates. It has been shown that, with such a mutual spacing of the perforated plates, thorough mixing of the gas with the dispersion can be achieved.
- the longitudinal extent of the apparatus is from 5 to 50 times the diameter of the apparatus. With such a length/cross-section ratio, an optimised flow velocity is achieved within the apparatus.
- the apparatus can have from 3 to 100 perforated plates.
- the individual perforated plates can be arranged at equal distances or at different distances from one another.
- the perforated plates can have the same perforation diameters and/or total perforated areas or different perforation diameters and/or total perforated areas.
- the apparatus used in the method of the invention for mixing a dispersion with a gas can additionally comprise further devices, such as, for example, devices for controlling the volume flow or the polymer dispersion and/or gas pressure with which the dispersion and/or gas is fed to the device.
- further devices such as, for example, devices for controlling the volume flow or the polymer dispersion and/or gas pressure with which the dispersion and/or gas is fed to the device.
- other devices such as pumps and the like can be provided in the disclosed apparatus.
- a gaseous acid and a polymer dispersion flow through the apparatus disclosed apparatus for mixing a dispersion with a gas from top to bottom in the direction of gravity.
- the apparatus can also be arranged horizontally.
- the gas and the dispersion are introduced under volume and/or pressure control. In the case of volume control, preset volumes of gas and dispersion can be metered into the apparatus.
- the flow rate of the dispersion is specified, for example, by an inlet pressure and the gas is metered by means of a valve which ideally is open in only one direction and can be, for example, in the form of a swing check valve or Goodyear valve, or by means of a valve which is open in two directions, for example a ball valve.
- the inlet pressure of the dispersion in the case of pressure control can be controlled hydrostatically or, for example, by means of a membrane pump, a hose pump or the like.
- the gas inlet pressure can be set, for example, by means of a reducing valve which is arranged downstream of a pressure cylinder.
- volume metering of the dispersion and the gas can be effected by known processes for the volume metering of liquids and gases.
- the dispersion and the gas can be combined upstream of the apparatus in a simple Y- or T-piece.
- the receiver and the perforated plates can have any desired shape, preference being given to a tubular shape for the receiver and a round shape for the perforated plates.
- the receiver and/or the perforated plates, and any further devices that may be provided, of the apparatus used in the method of the invention can preferably be produced from an inert material such as, for example, a stainless steel or a suitable plastics material.
- the receiver, the spacers and the perforated plates can be produced from different materials.
- the spacers between the perforated plates can have any desired geometrical shape, but tubular spacers are preferred. This facilitates cleaning of the spacers if required.
- the spacers and the perforated plates have a diameter which is only negligibly smaller than the inside diameter of the receiver. The relative diameters are thereby so chosen that the spacers and the perforated plates can easily be introduced into the receiver but there is no or only a small gap between the inside wall of the receiver and the outside edges of the spacers and/or perforated plates.
- the dispersion and the gas are fed to the apparatus with a pressure of from 0.2 bar to 60 bar, preferably from 0.5 bar to 10 bar.
- the pressure can be adjusted by means of suitable devices, such as, for example, pumps and/or valves.
- the dispersion is a polymer dispersion and the gas is a gaseous acid.
- the polymer dispersion is, for example, to be acidified by introducing the gaseous acid.
- the polymer dispersion is a dispersion of a polymer from the group consisting of polychloroprene, polystyrene-butadiene, polyurethane, polyacrylate and polysiloxane.
- the gas is preferably a gas from the group comprising CO 2 , SO 2 , SO 3 , NO 2 , COCl 2 and/or HCl.
- the polymer dispersion can have a viscosity of, for example, ⁇ 100,000 mPas, preferably ⁇ 10,000 mPas and most particularly preferably ⁇ 1000 mPas.
- the polymer dispersion has a lower viscosity at the end of the mixing operation, that is to say at the outlet of the mixing apparatus according to the invention, than at the inlet.
- more than 20%, preferably more than 40% and most particularly preferably more than 60% of the gaseous acid that is introduced is used in the apparatus to change or adapt the pH value.
- the polymer dispersion to be acidified by the gaseous acid can have a pH value of, for example, > pH 6, preferably > pH 8 and particularly preferably > pH 9. Furthermore, the polymer dispersion can have a solids content of > 20%, preferably > 30% and particularly preferably > 40%.
- the dispersion can contain other ingredients, such as, for example, plasticisers, thickeners, antioxidants, pigments and the like. These can, for example, be dispersed in the aqueous phase or they can be present in the form of a suspension.
- the polymer dispersion is a substantially anionically stabilised polymer dispersion which can also contain non-ionic emulsifiers in addition to anionic emulsifiers.
- the apparatus exhibits, under typical use conditions, a volume throughput prior to necessary maintenance, which can be caused, for example, by means of a blockage, of > 1000, preferably > 10,000, based on the volume of the device.
- the process exhibits a volume throughput per minute which is greater than 5 times the volume of the apparatus, preferably greater than 10 times the volume of the apparatus and yet more preferably greater than 20 times the volume of the apparatus.
- the process according to the invention can be used, for example, in the field of the production of coating, dipping and/or rubber latex foam or in the production of adhesives.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an apparatus used in the method of the invention for mixing a dispersion with a gas.
- Figure 1 shows an apparatus 1 used in the method of the invention for mixing a dispersion, for example a polychloroprene dispersion, with a gas, for example CO 2 .
- the apparatus 1 has a receiver 2 in which perforated plates 3 are arranged.
- the perforated plates 3 are loosely arranged in the receiver 2 by means of spacers 4.
- the receiver 2 has an inlet 5 and an outlet 6. In the region of the inlet 5 and the outlet 6, the cross-section of the receiver tapers compared with the average cross-section.
- a volume stream 7, which comprises the polymer dispersion and CO 2 is fed to the apparatus 1 via the inlet 5.
- the polymer dispersion and the CO 2 can be premixed in a T-piece 8.
- the CO 2 can be fed to the apparatus 1 from a gas cylinder 9 by way of the T-piece 8 via a pressure reducer 11 and a connecting pipe 12.
- the polymer dispersion can be fed to the apparatus 1 from a storage tank 10 via a polymer pipe 13 by means of a pump 14.
- the polymer dispersion and the gas are mixed sufficiently so that acidification of the polymer dispersion to the desired pH range can be ensured.
- the mixture of polymer dispersion and gas leaves the apparatus 1 via the outlet pipe 15.
- Spacers having an outside diameter of 9.9 mm, an inside diameter of 8 mm and a length of 15 mm and perforated plates having an outside diameter of 9.9 mm and a thickness of 1 mm are arranged alternately in a polypropylene receiver having an outside diameter of 12 mm, an inside diameter of 10 mm and a length of 200 mm.
- the perforated plates have four perforations distributed in a square, each perforation having a diameter of 1.4 mm. 13 perforated plates, which are spaced apart from one another by means of 12 spacers, are arranged alternately in the receiver.
- the perforated plates and the spacers are held only by gravity, or by the pressure of the dispersion flowing from top to bottom.
- a reducing element At the outlet of the apparatus there is arranged a reducing element by means of which the rate of flow can be regulated.
- a polychloroprene latex dispersion having a solids content of 55%, a viscosity of 100 mPas and a pH value of pH 12.5 is fed to the apparatus at an inlet pressure of 0.5 bar.
- CO 2 from a gas cylinder is adjusted by means of a reducing valve to a pressure of 2 bar and a rate of flow of 0.5 litre per minute and is fed to the apparatus.
- the rate of flow at the outlet of the apparatus was 0.5 litre per minute.
- the pH value of the latex dispersion at the outlet of the apparatus was pH 9. A useful life of > 120 litres was achieved.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a method for mixing dispersions with gases. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for mixing a polymer dispersion with a gas.
- Various mixing apparatuses for mixing dispersions with gases are known from the prior art. It is known to carry out the gassing of dispersions by means of stirring, by passing a gas over or through the dispersion, by means of static mixers or by membrane processes.
- In the case of batch processes, such as stirring or passing a gas over or through a dispersion, the above-mentioned methods require a relatively long contact time, on account of small dispersion/gas interfaces, until adequate gassing of the dispersion has taken place. Such methods are therefore generally not suitable for use in continuous processes.
- Known continuous mixer processes, such as static mixers or membrane processes, permit rapid mixing of gases with dispersions. However, the use of such mixers is problematic in the case of sensitive dispersions which have a tendency to coagulate, for example in the case of local overdosing of the gas and/or high shear, as is the case, for example, with some polymer dispersions when they are gassed with a gaseous acid.
- In that case, the mixing apparatuses may become clogged and thus quickly lose their operating properties. They must therefore frequently be replaced, cleaning and subsequent re-use of the mixers generally not being possible.
- The object of the present invention is, therefore, to provide a method for the efficient mixing of dispersions with gases, which is capable of overcoming the disadvantages known from the prior art.
- The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.
- By means of the design according to the apparatus used in the method of the invention for mixing, the occurrence of high shear forces in the dispersion during the mixing operation is avoided on the one hand and, in addition, local overdosing of the gas can be prevented.
- The idea underlying the invention is to provide in a receiver, which can be formed, for example, by a tube, a number of loose perforated plates which are spaced apart from one another by means of spacers and can be stacked freely in the receiver. As the support for the lowermost perforated plate it is possible, for example, to provide the receiver at its outlet side with a thread, by means of which a suitable closing element can be fastened to the receiver, on which closing element the lowermost perforated plate is supported. Alternatively, other types of fastening for such a closing element can be provided, such as, for example, flanges or the like.
- An inlet element can be provided in the same manner at the upper end of the receiver.
- In an embodiment, the receiver has a tapered cross-section at its inlet and/or outlet side. Such a tapered cross-section can be formed, for example, by the above-described outlet or inlet element. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cross-section tapers at the inlet and/or outlet side by ≥ 10% compared with the mean cross-section of the receiver. As a result of the tapered cross-section it is possible to adjust the flow velocity and accordingly the residence time of the dispersion and of the gas in the mixer.
- According to the invention, the total perforated area per perforated plate is from 1% to 20% of the total plate area. It has been shown that, with such a perforated area or passage area, adequate mixing can be achieved without the hydraulic resistance through the perforated plates becoming too high.
- According to a further embodiment, the perforation diameters of the individual perforations of a perforated plate are from 1% to 15% of the diameter of the perforated plate. The perforations can be arranged in a randomly or uniformly distributed manner over the entire surface of the perforated plate, preference being given to a uniform distribution. According to a further preferred embodiment, the perforations are formed in the perforated plates without burrs. As a result, the shear forces occurring at the perforations can be reduced further and coagulation of the dispersion caused by shear can be avoided.
- According to a further embodiment, the perforated plates can have a thickness of from 1 mm to 10 mm. With such an embodiment, the perforated plates advantageously have sufficient stability, even with large perforation diameters and a high total perforated area, to withstand the mechanical forces occurring in the apparatus.
- According to a further embodiment, the spacing between the individual perforated plates can be from 5 to 100 times the thickness of the perforated plates. It has been shown that, with such a mutual spacing of the perforated plates, thorough mixing of the gas with the dispersion can be achieved.
- In a further embodiment, the longitudinal extent of the apparatus is from 5 to 50 times the diameter of the apparatus. With such a length/cross-section ratio, an optimised flow velocity is achieved within the apparatus.
- According to a further embodiment, the apparatus can have from 3 to 100 perforated plates. The individual perforated plates can be arranged at equal distances or at different distances from one another. Furthermore, the perforated plates can have the same perforation diameters and/or total perforated areas or different perforation diameters and/or total perforated areas.
- In embodiments, the apparatus used in the method of the invention for mixing a dispersion with a gas can additionally comprise further devices, such as, for example, devices for controlling the volume flow or the polymer dispersion and/or gas pressure with which the dispersion and/or gas is fed to the device. Furthermore, other devices such as pumps and the like can be provided in the disclosed apparatus.
- According to the invention, a gaseous acid and a polymer dispersion flow through the apparatus disclosed apparatus for mixing a dispersion with a gas from top to bottom in the direction of gravity. Alternatively, the apparatus can also be arranged horizontally. According to the invention, the gas and the dispersion are introduced under volume and/or pressure control. In the case of volume control, preset volumes of gas and dispersion can be metered into the apparatus. In the case of pressure-controlled metering, the flow rate of the dispersion is specified, for example, by an inlet pressure and the gas is metered by means of a valve which ideally is open in only one direction and can be, for example, in the form of a swing check valve or Goodyear valve, or by means of a valve which is open in two directions, for example a ball valve. The inlet pressure of the dispersion in the case of pressure control can be controlled hydrostatically or, for example, by means of a membrane pump, a hose pump or the like. The gas inlet pressure can be set, for example, by means of a reducing valve which is arranged downstream of a pressure cylinder. If volume metering of the dispersion and the gas is carried out, it can be effected by known processes for the volume metering of liquids and gases. In a preferred embodiment, the dispersion and the gas can be combined upstream of the apparatus in a simple Y- or T-piece.
- The receiver and the perforated plates can have any desired shape, preference being given to a tubular shape for the receiver and a round shape for the perforated plates.
- The receiver and/or the perforated plates, and any further devices that may be provided, of the apparatus used in the method of the invention can preferably be produced from an inert material such as, for example, a stainless steel or a suitable plastics material. In an embodiment of the invention, the receiver, the spacers and the perforated plates can be produced from different materials.
- Owing to the loose arrangement of the perforated plates and spacers inside the receiver, they can easily be removed from the receiver and thus, for example, conveyed to a cleaning operation if required.
- The spacers between the perforated plates can have any desired geometrical shape, but tubular spacers are preferred. This facilitates cleaning of the spacers if required. In a further preferred embodiment, the spacers and the perforated plates have a diameter which is only negligibly smaller than the inside diameter of the receiver. The relative diameters are thereby so chosen that the spacers and the perforated plates can easily be introduced into the receiver but there is no or only a small gap between the inside wall of the receiver and the outside edges of the spacers and/or perforated plates.
- In a form of the process, the dispersion and the gas are fed to the apparatus with a pressure of from 0.2 bar to 60 bar, preferably from 0.5 bar to 10 bar. The pressure can be adjusted by means of suitable devices, such as, for example, pumps and/or valves.
- According to the invention, the dispersion is a polymer dispersion and the gas is a gaseous acid. In such a form, the polymer dispersion is, for example, to be acidified by introducing the gaseous acid. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the polymer dispersion is a dispersion of a polymer from the group consisting of polychloroprene, polystyrene-butadiene, polyurethane, polyacrylate and polysiloxane. The gas is preferably a gas from the group comprising CO2, SO2, SO3, NO2, COCl2 and/or HCl.
- The polymer dispersion can have a viscosity of, for example, < 100,000 mPas, preferably < 10,000 mPas and most particularly preferably < 1000 mPas.
- More preferably, the polymer dispersion has a lower viscosity at the end of the mixing operation, that is to say at the outlet of the mixing apparatus according to the invention, than at the inlet.
- In a form of the process described herein, more than 20%, preferably more than 40% and most particularly preferably more than 60% of the gaseous acid that is introduced is used in the apparatus to change or adapt the pH value.
- The polymer dispersion to be acidified by the gaseous acid can have a pH value of, for example, >
pH 6, preferably >pH 8 and particularly preferably > pH 9. Furthermore, the polymer dispersion can have a solids content of > 20%, preferably > 30% and particularly preferably > 40%. - In addition to organic or inorganic polymers and/or mixtures thereof, the dispersion can contain other ingredients, such as, for example, plasticisers, thickeners, antioxidants, pigments and the like. These can, for example, be dispersed in the aqueous phase or they can be present in the form of a suspension.
- In a preferred form of the process, the polymer dispersion is a substantially anionically stabilised polymer dispersion which can also contain non-ionic emulsifiers in addition to anionic emulsifiers.
- With the aid of the process according to the invention using the disclosed apparatus, the apparatus exhibits, under typical use conditions, a volume throughput prior to necessary maintenance, which can be caused, for example, by means of a blockage, of > 1000, preferably > 10,000, based on the volume of the device.
- In an embodiment, the process exhibits a volume throughput per minute which is greater than 5 times the volume of the apparatus, preferably greater than 10 times the volume of the apparatus and yet more preferably greater than 20 times the volume of the apparatus. This gives a residence time of the polymer dispersion and of the gas, or of the mixture thereof, in the apparatus of < 12 seconds, preferably < 6 seconds, more preferably < 3 seconds.
- The process according to the invention can be used, for example, in the field of the production of coating, dipping and/or rubber latex foam or in the production of adhesives.
- The invention is explained in greater detail hereinbelow by means of figures and exemplary embodiments, but without being limited to those exemplary embodiments.
-
Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an apparatus used in the method of the invention for mixing a dispersion with a gas. -
Figure 1 shows an apparatus 1 used in the method of the invention for mixing a dispersion, for example a polychloroprene dispersion, with a gas, for example CO2. The apparatus 1 has a receiver 2 in which perforated plates 3 are arranged. The perforated plates 3 are loosely arranged in the receiver 2 by means of spacers 4. The receiver 2 has aninlet 5 and anoutlet 6. In the region of theinlet 5 and theoutlet 6, the cross-section of the receiver tapers compared with the average cross-section. A volume stream 7, which comprises the polymer dispersion and CO2, is fed to the apparatus 1 via theinlet 5. The polymer dispersion and the CO2 can be premixed in a T-piece 8. The CO2 can be fed to the apparatus 1 from a gas cylinder 9 by way of the T-piece 8 via apressure reducer 11 and a connectingpipe 12. The polymer dispersion can be fed to the apparatus 1 from astorage tank 10 via apolymer pipe 13 by means of apump 14. In the apparatus 1, the polymer dispersion and the gas are mixed sufficiently so that acidification of the polymer dispersion to the desired pH range can be ensured. The mixture of polymer dispersion and gas leaves the apparatus 1 via theoutlet pipe 15. - Spacers having an outside diameter of 9.9 mm, an inside diameter of 8 mm and a length of 15 mm and perforated plates having an outside diameter of 9.9 mm and a thickness of 1 mm are arranged alternately in a polypropylene receiver having an outside diameter of 12 mm, an inside diameter of 10 mm and a length of 200 mm. The perforated plates have four perforations distributed in a square, each perforation having a diameter of 1.4 mm. 13 perforated plates, which are spaced apart from one another by means of 12 spacers, are arranged alternately in the receiver. The perforated plates and the spacers are held only by gravity, or by the pressure of the dispersion flowing from top to bottom. At the outlet of the apparatus there is arranged a reducing element by means of which the rate of flow can be regulated.
- In a mixing apparatus as described in Example 1, a polychloroprene latex dispersion having a solids content of 55%, a viscosity of 100 mPas and a pH value of pH 12.5 is fed to the apparatus at an inlet pressure of 0.5 bar. CO2 from a gas cylinder is adjusted by means of a reducing valve to a pressure of 2 bar and a rate of flow of 0.5 litre per minute and is fed to the apparatus. The rate of flow at the outlet of the apparatus was 0.5 litre per minute. The pH value of the latex dispersion at the outlet of the apparatus was pH 9. A useful life of > 120 litres was achieved.
-
- 1
- Apparatus
- 2
- Receiver
- 3
- Perforated plate
- 4
- Spacer
- 5
- Inlet
- 6
- Outlet
- 7
- Volume flow
- 8
- T-piece
- 9
- Gas cylinder
- 10
- Storage container
- 11
- Pressure reducer
- 12
- Connector
- 13
- Polymer pipe
- 14
- Pump
- 15
- Outlet pipe
Claims (13)
- Process for mixing a dispersion with a gas, whereina) the dispersion and the gas are fed with substantially the same pressures to a mixing apparatus (1) and are mixed therein, wherein the dispersion is a polymer dispersion and the gas is a gaseous acid;b) the dispersion and the gas are fed to the apparatus (1) with a pressure of from 0.2 bar to 60 bar;c) the mixing apparatus (1) having an external receiver (2) and at least two perforated plates (3) which are arranged in the receiver (2) spaced apart from one another by means of a spacer (4), the receiver (2) having a support for receiving a first perforated plate, the perforated plate being loosely arranged on the support and the spacer being loosely arranged on that first perforated plate, the second perforated plate in turn being arranged on the spacer;d) the perforated plates (3) have a total perforated area per plate of from 1 % to 20% of the total area.
- Process according to claim 1, wherein the dispersion and the gas are fed to the apparatus (1) with a pressure of from 0.5 bar to 10 bar.
- Process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dispersion is a dispersion of a polymer from the group consisting of polychloroprene, polystyrene-butadiene, polyurethane, polyacrylate and polysiloxane.
- Process according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein the gas is a gas from the group comprising CO2, SO2, SO3, NO2, COCl2 and/or HCl.
- Process according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, wherein the residence time of the dispersion/gas mixture in the apparatus (1) is less than 12 seconds.
- Process according to one ore more of claims 1 to 5, wherein the residence time of the dispersion/gas mixture in the apparatus (1) is less than 6 seconds.
- Process according to one ore more of claims 1 to 6, wherein the residence time of the dispersion/gas mixture in the apparatus (1) is less than 3 seconds.
- Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the receiver (2) has a tapered cross-section at its inlet and/or outlet side (5, 6) in a dimension of ≥ 10% compared with the mean cross-section of the receiver (2).
- Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the perforation diameter is from 1% to 15% of the perforated plate diameter.
- Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the perforated plates (3) have a thickness of from 1 mm to 10 mm.
- Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the spacing between the perforated plates (3) is from 5 times to 100 times the thickness of the perforated plates.
- Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the longitudinal extent of the apparatus (1) is from 5 to 50 times the diameter of the apparatus (1).
- Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the apparatus (1) has from 3 to 100 perforated plates (3).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11702438.0A EP2531283B1 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-31 | Apparatus and method for mixing dispersions and gases |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10001079A EP2353705A1 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2010-02-03 | Device and method for mixing dispersions and gases |
PCT/EP2011/051309 WO2011095454A1 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-31 | Apparatus and method for mixing dispersions and gases |
EP11702438.0A EP2531283B1 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-31 | Apparatus and method for mixing dispersions and gases |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2531283A1 EP2531283A1 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
EP2531283B1 true EP2531283B1 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
Family
ID=42306732
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10001079A Withdrawn EP2353705A1 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2010-02-03 | Device and method for mixing dispersions and gases |
EP11702438.0A Not-in-force EP2531283B1 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-31 | Apparatus and method for mixing dispersions and gases |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10001079A Withdrawn EP2353705A1 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2010-02-03 | Device and method for mixing dispersions and gases |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP2353705A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW201143883A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011095454A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3582048A (en) * | 1969-06-12 | 1971-06-01 | Union Oil Co | Inline fluid mixing device |
EP0285725B1 (en) * | 1987-04-10 | 1992-09-30 | Chugoku Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Mixing apparatus |
JP4156191B2 (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2008-09-24 | 株式会社小松製作所 | Emulsion production equipment |
JP4244214B2 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2009-03-25 | 佐藤工業株式会社 | Redox potential water production equipment |
GB0512120D0 (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2005-07-20 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Multi-phase reactions |
-
2010
- 2010-02-03 EP EP10001079A patent/EP2353705A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-01-31 WO PCT/EP2011/051309 patent/WO2011095454A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-01-31 EP EP11702438.0A patent/EP2531283B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-02-01 TW TW100103808A patent/TW201143883A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2353705A1 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
WO2011095454A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
TW201143883A (en) | 2011-12-16 |
EP2531283A1 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4647212A (en) | Continuous, static mixing apparatus | |
US9004744B1 (en) | Fluid mixer using countercurrent injection | |
NO339529B1 (en) | Mixer and method | |
AU2016262083B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for inverting polymer latices | |
Lu et al. | Scaling of the bubble formation in a flow-focusing device: role of the liquid viscosity | |
EP2566609A1 (en) | Emulsification device for continuously producing emulsions and/or dispersions | |
US11187050B2 (en) | Automated drilling-fluid additive system and method | |
TW201211432A (en) | Method for providing a smoothly mixed slurry to a web | |
US9440201B2 (en) | Device and method for gas dispersion | |
US20230203900A1 (en) | Automated drilling-fluid additive system and method | |
CN107115818B (en) | Premixing device of chemical reaction kettle | |
EP2531283B1 (en) | Apparatus and method for mixing dispersions and gases | |
JP2019501011A5 (en) | ||
WO2018148305A1 (en) | Improved venturi apparatus and method of use | |
Mayer et al. | Comparison of various aeration devices for air sparging in crossflow membrane filtration | |
US20180162757A1 (en) | Venturi apparatus and method of use | |
US11603326B2 (en) | Systems and methods for treatment processes | |
Suárez et al. | Emulsification using tubular metallic membranes | |
US20220080371A1 (en) | Device for injecting fluid into a liquid, method for cleaning said device, and effluent treatment installation | |
DE102004062703A1 (en) | Mixing container for mixing liquids with liquids, solids and/or gases comprises current breakers arranged on base of boiler or on lid to rotate about vertical axis | |
RU102198U1 (en) | CIRCULATION MIXER | |
CN216825695U (en) | Cylinder body for uniformly mixing and distributing slurry and medicament | |
CN210934832U (en) | Mixing arrangement is carried with material ration to flavouring production | |
CN116987586A (en) | Bioreactor and continuous flow reaction system | |
RU2590561C1 (en) | Apparatus for producing fine powders and method of producing fine powders |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20120829 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20131008 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: CARBO KOHLENSAEUREWERKE GMBH & CO. KG Owner name: COVESTRO DEUTSCHLAND AG |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20151106 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 794095 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20160515 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602011025886 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: BRAUNPAT BRAUN EDER AG, CH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: FP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 794095 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20160427 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160727 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160829 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160728 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 Ref country code: RS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 602011025886 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 |
|
RAP2 | Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred) |
Owner name: COVESTRO DEUTSCHLAND AG |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R081 Ref document number: 602011025886 Country of ref document: DE Owner name: COVESTRO DEUTSCHLAND AG, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNERS: CARBO KOHLENSAEUREWERKE GMBH & CO. KG, 53557 BAD HOENNINGEN, DE; COVESTRO DEUTSCHLAND AG, 51373 LEVERKUSEN, DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602011025886 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PUEA Owner name: COVESTRO DEUTSCHLAND AG, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: CARBO KOHLENSAEUREWERKE GMBH AND CO. KG, DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: PD Owner name: COVESTRO DEUTSCHLAND AG; DE Free format text: DETAILS ASSIGNMENT: CHANGE OF OWNER(S), ASSIGNMENT; FORMER OWNER NAME: COVESTRO DEUTSCHLAND AG Effective date: 20170118 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20170130 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20170131 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20170929 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20170131 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20170131 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20170131 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20170131 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20170131 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20110131 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160427 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160427 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160827 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R079 Ref document number: 602011025886 Country of ref document: DE Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: B01F0003040000 Ipc: B01F0023200000 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20211228 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20211228 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20211222 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20211230 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602011025886 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20230201 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230201 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230131 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230801 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230131 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230131 |