Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D19/00—Details
  • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
  • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
  • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
  • F24D19/1039—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating the system uses a heat pump
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
  • F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
  • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
  • F24H15/335—Control of pumps, e.g. on-off control
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
  • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
  • F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
  • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
  • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
  • G05D23/1927—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors
  • G05D23/193—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces
  • G05D23/1931—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces to control the temperature of one space
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
  • Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method of regulaton of operation of a heat pump the purpose of which is to achieve the required temperature in a heated building with a minimum energy consumption.
• the heat pumps of the type air to water, ground to water and water to water are designed to extract thermal energy from low potential refrigerated fluid, in general from air, water or a nonfreezing mixture and to transfer it to a high potential heat transfer fluid, in general to water in a heating system of buildings.
• the deciding criterion to assess the efficiency of a heat pump is the heating factor.
• the heating factor is the ratio of the heat output transferred in the output of the heat pump to the heat transfer fluid to the energy input of the heat pump. This factor is decisive for the user since the higher heating factor, the lower energy input of the heat pump and due to it the lower operation costs.
• the heating factor depends on the remainder of temperature of the low potential heat source, i.e. air, water or the nonfreezing mixture and of the temperature of the high potential heat transfer fluid, in general heating water.
• the temperature of the low potential heat source cannot, in general, be appropriately regulated because it is given by the environment the heat pump extracts energy from (the temperature of the air, water or nonfreezing mixture).
• the temperature of the heat transfer fluid can be influenced.
• the heat transfer unit must be heated to the lowest possible temperature still capable of ensuring the required heat comfort in the heated space.
• equithermal regulation is applied where to every outdoor temperature a different temperature of the heat transfer unit is assigned.
• the equithermal regulation results in decreasing (or increasing) of temperature of the heat transfer fluid according to the increase (or decrease) of the outdoor temperature regardless of the immediate real need of heat inside the heated building.
• This method of regulation requires that such temperature of the heat transfer fluid be set that corresponds to the worse possible conditions under the given outdoor temperature (e.g. the sun is not shining, a strong wind is blowing, all inside sources of heat are switched off etc.).
• the applied methods of regulation result in failure to comply for the whole period of operation of the heat pump with the principle to regulate the temperature of the heat transfer fluid to the lowest possible temperature of the heat transfer unit to achieve the high heating factor. It is disadvantageous that in order to achieve a higher heating factor of a heat pump the setting of the appropriate equithermal curve must be carried out by a skilled person. The setting is never managed at the first time and has to be repeated to get the optimal performance and is therefore highly time demanding. In case the setting is carried out by a technician of an installation firm, it is also expensive. Due to the above mentioned reasons the required temperature is set unnecessarily high. Because the temperature of the heat transfer fluid is always higher than the lowest possible, the proper regulation of temperature in the heated space is carried out by switching on and off the water circulation pump of the heating circuit.
• Patent application DE 10 2007 025 121 teaches a similar method of regulation on the basis of comparing the remainder of temperatures of the heat transfer fluid.
• the subject matter of the invention is to improve the economics of operation of combined heating of warm water applying a heat pump and an independent floor heating.
• European patent application EP 089 3657 teaches regulation of the heating system being controlled by data concerning the reached and required air humidity, these data being furnished by a humidity sensor installed in the heated space.
• the heating circuit of the existing heat pumps consists of the heat pump proper with a regulation unit, of a line conducting the heat transfer medium to the heating system (radiators, floor heating etc.) in the heated space and back to the heat pump, of a circulation pump, of a sensor of temperature of the heat transfer unit arranged behind the output of the heat transfer fluid from the heat pump and of a sensor of the temperature of the air in the heated space.
• the method of regulation of the present invention deals with regulation of the known heating cycle comprising a heat pump with a regulation unit, at least one heat transfer fluid temperature sensor retained in the line conducting the heat transfer fluid from the heat pump to the heating system or in the line conducting the heat transfer fluid from the heating system to the heat pump.
• the cycle further comprises a heating system arranged in the heated space, a circulation pump to conduct the heat transfer fluid and at least one sensor of air temperature in the heated space.
• the method of regulation according to the present invention corresponds to the existing methods of regulation in that the regulation unit compares the required temperature in the heated space with the immediate temperature of the air in the heated space regulating on the basis of this comparison the performance of the heating cycle by setting the heat pump.
• the subject-matter of the method of regulation according to the present invention consists in that the limiting time period for evaluation of heat consumption in the heated space is set in a cyclic manner and the time of operation of the circulation pump is monitored in this limiting time period.
• the regulation unit interprets that the given heating output of the heating system is unnecessarily high and that the heat transfer fluid temperature is higher than would be needed in the given moment. In consequence the regulation unit decreases the temperature of the heat transfer fluid in the output of the heat pump resulting in decrease of the heating output of the system.
• the regulation unit increases the temperature of the heat transfer fluid in the output of the heat pump to increase the heating output of the system in the next limiting time period. In case the required temperature of the air in the heated space was achieved, the regulation unit maintains the temperature of the heat transfer fluid in the output of the heat pump in a constant value.
• the process of regulation of temperature of the heat transfer fluid may be supplemented with a correction for compensation of fast changes in heat consumption in the heated space.
• a correction for compensation of fast changes in heat consumption in the heated space Typically these are cases when the insolation of windows occurs and consequently part of heat losses of the building is covered by heat gains of windows during insolation or due to switching on electric appliances, e.g. electric range, oven, home bakery etc. Or a more intensive ventilation of the heated space occurs. This causes an almost immediate change in the need of heat for heating and the heating output of the heating system has to be quickly increased of decreased.
• the value of the multiple (n) lies in the range from 2 to 3 in heating systems made up by floor heating and in the range from 3 to 5 in heating systems made up by radiators.
• the advantage of the method of regulation of operation of a heat pump according to the present invention consists in that the temperature of the heat transfer medium is continuously maintained on the lowest temperature possible corresponding to the immediate consumption of heat in the heated space thus optimizing the heating output of the heating system and the heating factor of the heat pump.
• This method of regulation creates energy saving in the range from 15 to 20% compared to the common methods of regulation and it can be applied practically in all heating cycles with heat pumps because it applies elements being part of existing heating cycles.
• To introduce the method of regulation according to the present invention only the control software of the regulation unit of the heat pump has to be adjusted.
• Another advantage consists in the simple regulation control for a user. Brief description of the drawings
• FIG. 1 shows a block scheme of the heating cycle of a heat pump.
• a common heating cycle shown in Fig. 1 comprises a heat pump with a regulation unit 2.
• a line 5 conducting the heat transfer fluid from the heat pump to the heating system 7.
• the heating system 7 can be made up by a floor heating, radiators or by a combination thereof.
• the line 6 conducting the heat transfer fluid from the heating system 7 back to the heat pump 1 via a circulation pump 9 is in the output of the heating system 7.
• water is the heat transfer medium.
• the heating system 7 is situated in the heated space 8 mostly in the heated building, house, flat etc.
• a sensor 3 of the heat transfer fluid temperature is retained in the line 5 conducting the heat transfer fluid from the heat pump to the heating system 7.
• the sensor 3 is also interconnected with the regulation unit 2 of the heat pump 1.
• the sensor 3 of heat transfer fluid temperature can also be retained in the line 6 conducting the heat transfer fluid from the heating system 7 to the heat pump 1 or on the accumulation tank of the heat pump 1 and is also interconnected with the regulation unit 2 of the heat pump
• the circulation pump 9 is also interconnected with the regulation unit 2.
• the regulation of operation of the heat pump 1 is carried out by regulating continuously the temperature of the heat transfer fluid in the output of the heat pump or the temperature on the line 6 conducting the heat transfer fluid to the heat pump meanwhile the regulation unit 2 evaluates the real immediate consumption of heat for heating the heated space 8 indirectly, on the basis of evaluation of the time of operation s of the circulation pump 9, which is a direct proportion parameter to the heat consumption in the heated space 8 (the greater is the heat consumption, the longer is the time of operation s of the circulation pump 9).
• a limiting time period t for evaluation of heat consumption is set and in this time limit t the time of operation s of the circulation pump 9 is monitored.
• the immediate output of the heating system 7 is low, and the regulation unit 2 increases temperature of the heat transfer fluid in the output of the heat pump 1
• the circulation pump 9 is switched off for the whole time period t or for a significant part thereof, i.e. s ⁇ t, the heating output of the heating system 7 is unnecessarily high.
• the regulation unit 2 decreases the temperature of the heat transfer fluid in the output of the heat pump This regulation process is automatically repeated in a continuous and cyclic manner.
• the automatic regulation of temperature of heat transfer unit is supplemented with a correction for compensation of fast changes.
• This correction can be carried out by various methods, e.g. by a change of the required temperature of the heat transfer fluid in the output or input in the heat pump 1 by switching on or off another source for a fast change of temperature in the heated space 8.
• the correction is carried out on the basis of evaluation of the remainder of temperatures (T p -T 0 ) between the required temperature T p in the heated space 8, while the immediate temperature To is measured by means of a sensor 4 of air temperature in the heated space 8.
• the negative n-multiple of this remainder i.e. the value n. (T p -T 0 ) is added to the required temperature of the heat transfer fluid calculated by the regulation unit 2 according to the method described above.
• the value of n lies in the range from 2 to 3 in heating systems 7 made up by floor heating and in the range from 3 to 5 in heating systems 7 made up by radiators. These differences arise from different heating properties of heating systems 7.
• the correction (and its value) is to be used in the calculation and in the regulation depends mainly on the heated building. It is the size of heat sources in the interior, uniformity or nonuniformity of their operation, size of the windows and their situation in respect to the cardinal points, shading of the windows (e.g. by means of shutters). Further the accumulation of heat of the heated building is decisive. In buildings with a high heat accumulation this correction is not needed or is small, in light buildings with a low heat accumulation a greater correction is necessary. Industrial applicability
• the method of regulation of the heat pump can be applied in both, the existing and in heating cycles to be constructed, comprising a heat pump of air to water, ground to water and water to water type.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Remote Sensing (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
• Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
• Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Cites Families (6)

• 2010
  • 2010-01-20 CZ CZ20100043A patent/CZ201043A3/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2011
  • 2011-01-18 WO PCT/CZ2011/000005 patent/WO2011088807A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2011-01-18 EP EP11714918A patent/EP2526345A2/en not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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