EP2519713A1 - Aube a ventilation interieure - Google Patents

Aube a ventilation interieure

Info

Publication number
EP2519713A1
EP2519713A1 EP10798151A EP10798151A EP2519713A1 EP 2519713 A1 EP2519713 A1 EP 2519713A1 EP 10798151 A EP10798151 A EP 10798151A EP 10798151 A EP10798151 A EP 10798151A EP 2519713 A1 EP2519713 A1 EP 2519713A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
trailing edge
cavities
ventilation
closest
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10798151A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2519713B1 (fr
Inventor
Erwan Daniel Botrel
Jacques Auguste Amédée BOURY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
SNECMA SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SNECMA SAS filed Critical SNECMA SAS
Publication of EP2519713A1 publication Critical patent/EP2519713A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2519713B1 publication Critical patent/EP2519713B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/187—Convection cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/10—Stators
    • F05D2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • F05D2240/122—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes related to the trailing edge of a stator vane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05D2240/304—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the trailing edge of a rotor blade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/60—Fluid transfer
    • F05D2260/607—Preventing clogging or obstruction of flow paths by dirt, dust, or foreign particles

Definitions

  • the subject of this invention is an internally ventilated blade.
  • the blades of the turbomachines can be equipped with cooling devices by gas ventilation, such as relatively fresh gas withdrawn from the main circulation stream at the compressors; it then circulates to cavities dug inside the blades and out through holes which open in particular to the intrados and the trailing edge, where the lower external pressure promotes the flow of gas.
  • gas ventilation such as relatively fresh gas withdrawn from the main circulation stream at the compressors; it then circulates to cavities dug inside the blades and out through holes which open in particular to the intrados and the trailing edge, where the lower external pressure promotes the flow of gas.
  • the invention relates to a blade comprising internal cavities for circulation of cooling gas, the cavities being separated by partitions, one of the partitions, the closest to a trailing edge of the blade, having a greater inclination towards the trailing edge from a height of at least 70% of the blade, counted from a platform at the top of the blade to an outer edge radius (this measure favors refreshing the corner of the blade by better ventilation of the trailing edge, for the reasons that will be given later) characterized in that one of the cavities, delimited towards the trailing edge of the blade by said partition the closer to the trailing edge of the blade, comprises a series of holes leading to a side face of the blade, said holes open into said cavity through orifices arranged on a line parallel to said partition. This improvement also favors the refresh
  • the greater inclination is advantageously progressive, giving the partition a rounded overall shape.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are general views of the blade according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a detail showing an earlier design improved by the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a corresponding detail of a design conforming to
  • FIGS 1 and 2 show a blade (1), which is joined to a foot (2) housed in a disc not shown and provided with a platform (3).
  • the blade (1) is hollow and pierced with multiple cavities (4), separated from each other by partitions (5) extending in a substantially radial direction from the foot (2) to the apex (11) of the blade ( 1).
  • partitions (5) extending in a substantially radial direction from the foot (2) to the apex (11) of the blade ( 1).
  • a cavity (6) closest to the trailing edge (7) of the blade (1), a cavity (8) adjacent to the preceding one, and a partition (9) separating them will be distinguished. which is the partition closest to the trailing edge (7).
  • Ventilation gas arrives in the cavities (4) (and (6) and (8)) by their origin (10) in the foot (2) from another region of the machine to which the blade (1 belongs, and rises towards the summit (11) of dawn (1); it leaves the cavities progressively through holes (12) opening on the intrados (13) and / or on the extrados (22) of the blade (1), other bores (14) (represented in FIGS. 4) opening at the top (11), and finally by other holes (15), from the single cavity (6), which open at the trailing edge (7).
  • the ventilation of the apex (11) of the blade (1) is more difficult since the holes (14) are located at the end of the cavities (4) and the flow of the gas ventilation is lower and has less pressure; another disadvantageous circumstance is that the top (11) is composed of a thin outer edge (16), extending on the extrados and on the intrados side of the blade, thus forming a recessed cavity called "tub" ( 17).
  • the ridge (16) limits the flow of hot gas between the blade tip and the housing opposite, and constitutes a wear zone when the blade, under the combined effect of the dilation thermal and centrifugal, extends and touches the housing vis-à-vis.
  • the bathtub (17) and the ridge (16) are difficult to cool regions; the situation is especially critical in the upper corner (18) of the blade (1) adjacent to the trailing edge (7), where the cavity (6) is the narrowest.
  • the partition (here 9 ') closest to the trailing edge (7) is straight like the others to simplify the manufacture of dawn and is generally of completely radial direction.
  • the inventors have noted the existence of a low speed recirculation zone (19) in the cavity (6) at the connection between the partition (9 ') and the wall of the bath base (17).
  • the low dynamic pressure of the ventilation gas at this point makes it unnecessary to create upper holes to ventilate the top (11), so that the end of the bath (17) is not ventilated at all; and it is found that the holes (15) leading to the trailing edge (7) which are closest to the apex (11), typically the three or four closest ones, receive a flow particularly low due to the low pressure of the gas.
  • the specific arrangement of the invention is to provide the partition (9) closest to the trailing edge (7) with an upper end (20) more inclined towards the trailing edge (7) the remainder of the partition (9), and advantageously more and more inclined with a rounded shape and an almost regular connection to the wall of the bath base (17).
  • the upper part (20) can start at 80%, possibly 70% of the height of the blade (1) counted from the platform (3) to the outer edge, that is to say to the wall bathtub bottom (17).
  • the other partitions remain straight.
  • the low speed recirculation zone (19) disappears; the ventilation gas is better guided towards the bores (15) close to the top (11), and its pressure is increased, which also increases the flow rate through these bores (15) higher; the holes (12) leading to the intrados (13) (or the extrados) from the second cavity (8) can be moved towards the trailing edge (7), their orifices (21) in the second cavity (8) occupying a line parallel to the upper portion (20); at least one additional crown piercing (14 ') can be provided by widening the second cavity (8) at the top (the first cavity (6) being, in the design shown here as in the previous design, normally devoid of holes (12) and (14) at the top because of the greater difficulties of ventilation).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

Une aube, par exemple de turbine à haute pression, est conçue avec une cloison intérieure (9) la plus proche du bord de fuite (7) dont la partie supérieure (20) oblique vers ce bord, afin de favoriser la ventilation de gaz de rafraîchissement vers les orifices (15) de ce bord, et plus généralement la ventilation du coin supérieur de l'aube, par la création de nouveaux orifices (14') au sommet (11) ou le déplacement d'orifices (12) originaires de la deuxième cavité et menant à l'intrados vers le bord de fuite.

Description

AUBE A VENTILATION INTERIEURE
DESCRIPTION
Le sujet de cette invention est une aube à ventilation intérieure.
Soumises à des températures souvent très élevées, les aubes des turbomachines peuvent être équipées de dispositifs de rafraîchissement par ventilation de gaz, comme du gaz relativement frais soutiré de la veine de circulation principale à l'endroit des compresseurs ; il circule alors jusqu'à des cavités creusées à 1 ' intérieur des aubes et en ressort par des perçages qui débouchent notamment à l'intrados et au bord de fuite, où la pression extérieure plus faible favorise la circulation du gaz. Ces dispositifs sont maintenant bien éprouvés et donnent en général de bons résultats, mais des progrès restent à réaliser quand la ventilation se révèle insuffisante en raison de conditions particulièrement difficiles (par exemple pour les aubes de la turbine à haute pression, qui sont soumises aux températures les plus élevées) , ou dans certaines régions particulières des aubes. Les brevets français 2 833 298 et 2 834 015 décrivent des ventilations du bord de fuite.
Des défauts de rafraîchissement, générateurs de températures très élevées et de certains dégâts (brûlures) , ont ainsi été constatés au sommet de certaines aubes, plus précisément au coin entre le bord de fuite et le bord extérieur. L'objet de l'invention est de résoudre ce problème particulier. Sous sa forme la plus générale, l'invention concerne une aube comprenant des cavités internes de circulation de gaz de rafraîchissement, les cavités étant séparées par des cloisons, une des cloisons, la plus proche d'un bord de fuite de l'aube, comportant une inclinaison plus importante vers le bord de fuite à partir d'une hauteur d'au moins 70% de l'aube, comptée d'une plate-forme au sommet de l'aube à un rayon de bord extérieur (cette mesure favorise le rafraîchissement du coin de l'aube par une meilleure ventilation du bord de fuite, pour les raisons qui seront données plus loin) caractérisée en ce que l'une des cavités, délimitée vers le bord de fuite de l'aube par ladite cloison la plus proche du bord de fuite de l'aube, comprend une série de perçages menant à une face latérale de l'aube, lesdits perçages débouchent dans ladite cavité par des orifices disposés sur une ligne parallèle à ladite cloison. Ce perfectionnement favorise aussi le rafraîchissement du coin de l'aube, cette fois par une meilleure ventilation des faces latérales (intrados ou extrados) .
L'inclinaison plus importante est avantageusement progressive, donnant à la cloison une forme générale arrondie.
L'invention sera maintenant décrite plus en détail et au moyen de réalisations illustratives en liaison aux figures :
- la figure 1 et la figure 2 sont des vues générales de l'aube conforme à l'invention, - la figure 3 est un détail montrant une conception antérieure perfectionnée par 1 ' invention,
et la figure 4 est un détail correspondant d'une conception conforme à
1 ' invention .
Les figures 1 et 2 présentent une aube (1), qui est jointe à un pied (2) logé dans un disque non représenté et munie d'une plate-forme (3) . L'aube (1) est creuse et percée de cavités (4) multiples, séparées les unes des autres par des cloisons (5) s 'étendant en direction essentiellement radiale du pied (2) au sommet (11) de l'aube (1) . On distinguera dans la suite de l'exposé une cavité (6) la plus proche du bord de fuite (7) de l'aube (1), une cavité (8) adjacente à la précédente, et une cloison (9) les séparant, qui est donc la cloison la plus proche du bord de fuite (7) .
Du gaz de ventilation arrive dans les cavités (4) (et (6) et (8)) par leur origine (10) dans le pied (2) à partir d'une autre région de la machine à laquelle l'aube (1) appartient, et s'élève vers le sommet (11) de l'aube (1) ; il quitte les cavités progressivement par des perçages (12) débouchant à l'intrados (13) et/ou à l'extrados (22) de l'aube (1), d'autres perçages (14) (représentés aux figures 3 et 4) débouchant au sommet (11), et enfin par d'autres perçages (15), issus de la seule cavité (6), qui débouchent au bord de fuite (7) .
La ventilation du sommet (11) de l'aube (1) est plus difficile puisque les perçages (14) sont situés au bout des cavités (4) et que le débit du gaz de ventilation est plus faible et a une pression moins grande ; une autre circonstance défavorable vient de ce que le sommet (11) est composé d'une arête (16) extérieure mince, s 'étendant du côté extrados et du côté intrados de l'aube formant ainsi une cavité en creux nommée « baignoire » (17) . L'arête (16) permet de limiter les écoulements de gaz chaud entre le sommet d'aube et le carter en vis-à-vis, et constitue une zone d'usure lorsque l'aube, sous l'effet combiné de la dilatation thermique et du centrifuge, s'allonge et vient toucher le carter en vis-à-vis. La baignoire (17) et l'arête (16) sont des régions difficiles à refroidir ; la situation est spécialement critique dans le coin supérieur (18) de l'aube (1) adjacent au bord de fuite (7), où la cavité (6) est la plus étroite.
On se reporte à la figure 3. Dans la conception habituelle, la cloison (ici 9') la plus proche du bord de fuite (7) est rectiligne tout comme les autres pour simplifier la fabrication de l'aube et elle est en général de direction complètement radiale. Les inventeurs ont constaté l'existence d'une zone de recirculation à faible vitesse (19) dans la cavité (6) au raccordement entre la cloison (9') et la paroi du fond de baignoire (17) . La faible pression dynamique du gaz de ventilation à cet endroit rend inutile la création de perçages supérieurs pour ventiler le sommet (11), de sorte que l'extrémité de la baignoire (17) n'est pas ventilée du tout ; et on constate que les perçages (15) menant au bord de fuite (7) qui sont les plus proches du sommet (11), typiquement les trois ou quatre les plus proches, reçoivent un débit particulièrement faible en raison de la pression faible du gaz.
L'aménagement spécifique à l'invention, visible à la figure 4, consiste à pourvoir la cloison (9) la plus proche du bord de fuite (7) avec une extrémité supérieure (20) plus inclinée vers le bord de fuite (7) que le reste de la cloison (9), et avantageusement de plus en plus inclinée avec une forme arrondie et un raccordement presque régulier à la paroi du fond de baignoire (17) . La partie supérieure (20) peut commencer à 80%, éventuellement 70% de la hauteur de l'aube (1) comptée depuis la plate-forme (3) jusqu'au bord extérieur, c'est-à-dire à la paroi du fond de baignoire (17) . Les autres cloisons restent rectilignes. Les effets techniques sont les suivants: la zone de recirculation à faible vitesse (19) disparaît ; le gaz de ventilation est mieux guidé vers les perçages (15) proches du sommet (11), et sa pression est augmentée, ce qui augmente aussi le débit par ces perçages (15) supérieurs ; les perçages (12) menant à l'intrados (13) (ou à l'extrados) à partir de la deuxième cavité (8) peuvent être déplacés vers le bord de fuite (7), leurs orifices (21) dans la deuxième cavité (8) occupant une ligne parallèle à la partie supérieure (20) ; au moins un perçage de sommet (14') supplémentaire peut être ménagé grâce à l'élargissement de la deuxième cavité (8) au sommet (la première cavité (6) étant, dans la conception représentée ici comme dans la conception antérieure, normalement dépourvue de perçages (12) et (14) au sommet à cause des difficultés plus grandes de ventilation) . Toutes ces modifications ont pour effet que le coin supérieur (18) de l'aube (1) est mieux ventilé et rafraîchi, que ce soit au bord de fuite (7) par les perçages (15), à la face latérale d'intrados (13) ou d'extrados par les perçages (12) déplacés et à la baignoire (17) par le ou les perçages de sommet supplémentaires (14').

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Aube (1) comprenant des cavités (4, 6, 8) internes de circulation de gaz de rafraîchissement, les cavités étant séparées par des cloisons (5, 9) , une des cloisons (9), la plus proche d'un bord de fuite (7) de l'aube, comportant une inclinaison plus importante vers le bord de fuite à partir d'une hauteur d'au moins 70% de l'aube, comptée d'une plate-forme (3) de l'aube à un rayon de bord extérieur, caractérisée en ce qu'une des cavités (8), délimitée vers le bord de fuite de l'aube par ladite cloison (9) la plus proche du bord de fuite de l'aube, comprend une série de perçages menant à une face latérale de l'aube, lesdits perçages débouchant dans ladite cavité (8) par des orifices (21) disposés sur une ligne parallèle à ladite cloison (9) .
2) Aube suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'inclinaison plus importante est progressivement plus importante.
EP10798151.6A 2009-12-31 2010-12-30 Aube à ventilation intérieure Active EP2519713B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0959698A FR2954798B1 (fr) 2009-12-31 2009-12-31 Aube a ventilation interieure
PCT/EP2010/070933 WO2011080319A1 (fr) 2009-12-31 2010-12-30 Aube a ventilation interieure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2519713A1 true EP2519713A1 (fr) 2012-11-07
EP2519713B1 EP2519713B1 (fr) 2013-11-06

Family

ID=42133483

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10798151.6A Active EP2519713B1 (fr) 2009-12-31 2010-12-30 Aube à ventilation intérieure

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20120282110A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2519713B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5661798B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102713160B (fr)
BR (1) BR112012015844A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2785377C (fr)
FR (1) FR2954798B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2554397C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011080319A1 (fr)

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JP6353131B1 (ja) 2017-06-29 2018-07-04 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 タービン翼及びガスタービン

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102713160B (zh) 2016-05-18
JP5661798B2 (ja) 2015-01-28
CN102713160A (zh) 2012-10-03
RU2554397C2 (ru) 2015-06-27
JP2013516563A (ja) 2013-05-13
CA2785377A1 (fr) 2011-07-07
RU2012132632A (ru) 2014-02-10
EP2519713B1 (fr) 2013-11-06
WO2011080319A1 (fr) 2011-07-07
US20120282110A1 (en) 2012-11-08
FR2954798B1 (fr) 2012-03-30
CA2785377C (fr) 2017-02-21
FR2954798A1 (fr) 2011-07-01
BR112012015844A2 (pt) 2019-09-24

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