Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
  • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
  • Y02T10/90—Energy harvesting concepts as power supply for auxiliaries' energy consumption, e.g. photovoltaic sun-roof

Definitions

• the present invention relates to photovoltaic cell modules, which are in particular looking increasingly complex forms with low radii of curvature, that is to say with pronounced curvatures.
• the invention makes it possible to integrate even rigid photovoltaic cells in modules, in locations having a curvature even pronounced, along one or two secant axes, especially perpendicular.
• the module of the invention can geometrically be defined as a sheet having a small thickness relative to its two other dimensions, and whose surface may have a more or less complex shape, more or less curved.
• One of the two radii of curvature R 1 or R 2 may be sufficiently large relative to the other so that one can neglect the curvature in the direction di or d 2 corresponding to the curvature in the other perpendicular direction, and consider that the geometry of the module is then cylindrically curved (along a single axis).
• Any transparent polymeric material may constitute the module: polycarbonate (PC), acrylic such as poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA, especially PA66), poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polyvinyl acetal, especially polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), copolymer such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), ethylene- vinyl acetate (EVA), ionomer resin (ethylene-acid copolymer (meth) acrylic ionic crosslinking, neutralized with a polyamine) including those of them which can be injection molded alone or in a mixture of several.
• PC polycarbonate
• PMMA polyolefin
• PE polyethylene
• PP polypropylene
• PA polyamide
• PA poly (ethylene terephthalate)
• PET polyvinyl acetal, especially polyvinyl butyral (
• the module of the invention consists of a sheet of such a polymer material in particular injected with total thickness e t , in which are embedded photovoltaic cells rectangular (or square).
• this sheet may be joined to other transparent inorganic or organic glass or non-transparent via a layer of transparent adhesive interlayer such as PVB, PU, EVA or non-transparent ... to form a laminated module and / or with the interposition of a dry gas slide to form a multiple module, without departing from the scope of the invention.
• any such additional components of the module are preferably assembled on the side of the sheet of polymer material incorporating photovoltaic cells, intended to be opposite to the sun, or possibly on its side intended to be oriented towards the sun provided that these additional constituents are transparent, pass a sufficiently large part of the solar radiation, have a high light transmission, and in particular, are not tinted.
• the module may constitute a bodywork element or cowling of a motor vehicle or other transport vehicle, or for the building ...
• the spacings between the photovoltaic cells, g 1 and g 2 in the directions di, respectively d 2 are arbitrary, chosen according to the visual impression that it is desired to obtain on one side or the other. other of the module.
• the higher the values of g 1 and g 2 the greater the proportion of the surface of the module that can be transparent.
• the photovoltaic cells are of thickness at most equal to 0.5 mm, considered negligible compared to the thickness of the module, which may be of the order of 3 - 4 mm for example.
• the latter may be metallic or equivalent, with a thickness of between 25 and 500 ⁇ , preferably between 75 and 250 ⁇ , or a polymer such as polyimide with a thickness of between 13 and 125 ⁇ .
• - flexible from 25 to 200, preferably 100 to 150 m thick, or
• the active face of the photovoltaic cells may consist of an amorphous Si sheet having a thickness of between 20 and 200 ⁇ and associated for example with a flexible or polymeric metal base, or a crystalline Si sheet of thickness between 100 and 300 ⁇ and associated for example with a rigid metal base, or a thin layer type CIGS (Cu In Ga Se) or CdTe associated with a flexible or rigid base polymer, metal ...
• At least one of said photovoltaic cells is rigidly supported, in particular with an active surface of mono- or polycrystalline silicon, whose yield is relatively high.
• the polymeric material of which it is made is a polycarbonate and the minimum thickness of this polymeric material covering the photovoltaic cells on the side intended to be oriented towards the sun, e sup , is at least equal to 2.5 mm. This value is particularly recommended when a polycarbonate injection is implemented.
• the total thickness of the polymer material, e t is advantageously at most equal to 4 mm.
• the module of the invention has at least at one point a curvature along two perpendicular axes, in particular non-infinite values of Ri and R 2 . More specifically, according to an advantageous variant, Ri and R 2 are at most equal to 2000 mm, preferably 1500 mm and particularly preferably 1000 mm.
• One of the curvatures in the direction di or 62 can be preferably pronounced, which is the expression of a complex shape of the module, in that at least one of the radii of curvature Ri and R 2 is at more than 1000 mm, preferably 750 mm, and particularly preferably 500 mm.
• the other can be much larger, so that the curvature at this point can be considered as cylindrical (in only one of the two directions di or d2), without departing from the scope of the invention.
• the transparent polymeric material in which the cells are embedded is the interlayer adhesive layer of a laminate; it can be polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) ...
• PVB polyvinyl butyral
• PU polyurethane
• EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
• This interlayer adhesive layer then connects two sheets of glass, or a sheet of glass and a sheet of another material for example polymer such as polycarbonate (PC), poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), ionomer resin ..., or two such sheets of another material.
• This interlayer adhesive layer of a laminate is then advantageously acoustic property, especially when the module is intended to be installed roof or windshield of electric vehicle: the rain for example is then less audible in the passenger compartment.
• the photovoltaic cells are encapsulated in a damping envelope (in particular differential linear thermal expansion between the cells and the transparent polymer material in which they are embedded).
• This damping envelope consists for example of polycarbonate (PC), polyimide (PI), poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyurethane (PU), a polymer fluorinated film as ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) copolymer, fluoroethylenepropylene (FEP) or equivalent, of thickness between 13 m and 2 mm, preferably at most equal to 500 ⁇ .
• This envelope also protects its photovoltaic cell from moisture.
• this damping envelope is preferably made of the same material as that in which it is intended to be integrated (polycarbonate in case of injection of polycarbonate, polyvinylbutyral or ethylene-vinyl acetate for example in the case of integration into a laminate).
• the module comprises discrete rigid photovoltaic cells associated with a photovoltaic thin layer on a glass or polymer substrate in the more pronounced zones of curvature.
• These rigid cells discretized then consist in particular at least in part of said rectangular photovoltaic cells of the module of the invention described above, in particular of the high efficiency type. They ensure curvature adaptation, optimal photovoltaic efficiency in their area and aesthetic and visual management of the brightness of the module opposite solar radiation.
• the more pronounced areas of curvature may be edge areas; the use of a thin photovoltaic layer makes it possible to combine the increased electricity production of discrete rigid photovoltaic cells with a surface of the module with a varied and complex curvature.
• the photovoltaic thin film is deposited for example on an inner face of the laminate.
• the invention also aims to:
• this module for a land, air or aquatic transport vehicle, in particular as a roof of a motor vehicle, for the building or street furniture (bus shelters, billboards, etc.), or as a partial element transparent, glazed, either as an entirely opaque element (bodywork, rollover %),
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation in perspective of a glazing unit (partially transparent module) according to the invention.
• Figure 2 is a sectional view of this glazing.
• the glazing 1 consists of a polycarbonate sheet of thickness e t in which are embedded flat rectangular photovoltaic cells 2 and rigid, active faces of monocrystalline silicon or poly-crystalline.
• the thickness of the photovoltaic cells 2 is negligible compared to e t .
• E t and E sup are 4 and 2.5 mm respectively.
• the maximum values of the dimensions ti xt 2 of the photovoltaic cells are calculated as a function of the local radii of curvature Ri and R 2 , assuming respectively 2027.25 and 500 mm.
• the spacing of the photovoltaic cells is chosen according to several criteria:
• the module is a glazing (partly transparent) as in this example, the choice of the values of gi and g 2 has an aesthetic impact (various visual effects such as brightness gradients ...) seen from the opposite side to the sun ( interior of the vehicle, interior of building ...), whereas when the module is completely opaque, the choice of the values of gi and g 2 has an aesthetic incidence seen from the side of the sun.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2009
  • 2009-12-08 FR FR0958727A patent/FR2953645B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-12-06 KR KR1020127017607A patent/KR20120104286A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-12-06 WO PCT/FR2010/052611 patent/WO2011070277A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2010-12-06 CN CN2010800607955A patent/CN102859717A/zh active Pending
  • 2010-12-06 EP EP10801627A patent/EP2510555A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-12-06 JP JP2012542599A patent/JP2013513248A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-12-06 US US13/514,732 patent/US20130000701A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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