EP2505714B1 - Method for draining a system for anchoring a structural cable to a construction element - Google Patents

Method for draining a system for anchoring a structural cable to a construction element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2505714B1
EP2505714B1 EP12160466.4A EP12160466A EP2505714B1 EP 2505714 B1 EP2505714 B1 EP 2505714B1 EP 12160466 A EP12160466 A EP 12160466A EP 2505714 B1 EP2505714 B1 EP 2505714B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filling material
chamber
heating element
heating
opening
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EP12160466.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2505714A1 (en
Inventor
Aurélien Sylvestre
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Priority to PL12160466T priority Critical patent/PL2505714T3/en
Publication of EP2505714A1 publication Critical patent/EP2505714A1/en
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Publication of EP2505714B1 publication Critical patent/EP2505714B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/14—Towers; Anchors ; Connection of cables to bridge parts; Saddle supports
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/16—Suspension cables; Cable clamps for suspension cables ; Pre- or post-stressed cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D22/00—Methods or apparatus for repairing or strengthening existing bridges ; Methods or apparatus for dismantling bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0391—Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of emptying an anchoring system of a structural cable to a construction element.
  • the structural cable in question may be in particular a guy, a hanger or a prestressing cable.
  • the structural cables usually encountered comprise a plurality of strands which each comprise metal wires themselves wrapped together in a protective sheath.
  • Each of these protective sheaths is interrupted at an end wafer so that the strands each have a stripped end section.
  • the filler is usually a petroleum wax, or a fat. It is injected hot into the anchoring chamber or chambers after the cable is put in place and anchored. It forms after cooling a solid or a thick paste that adheres to the stripped cable and provides the desired seal.
  • the filler may be removed with a trowel and / or a current hot air.
  • the present invention aims to remedy all or some of the disadvantages mentioned above, that is to say in particular to provide a method for draining an anchoring system of a structural cable having a filled chamber filling material difficult to access.
  • the filler although solid at room temperature, is quite soft and it is possible to enter a heating element. It usually occupies the entire first chamber, so as to wrap the bare part of the cable.
  • the filling material may have a protective role of the cables that it surrounds.
  • At least one heating element is passed through an opening in the envelope delimiting the first chamber. He can be It is advantageous to use several heating elements passing through several openings, or by the same opening, so as to accelerate the heating.
  • the opening or openings may be pre-existing, for example, it may be holes in the anchor block and used to fill the chamber. Alternatively, the openings can be made especially for the emptying operation.
  • fluidify is meant to "make fluid enough to flow through an opening of the type used to introduce the heating element.
  • a wax it is liquefaction.
  • a fat it is a matter of lowering the viscosity sufficiently.
  • the heating element may be of any kind appropriate to the filling material that it is a question of fluidizing, without it catching fire. If the structure cable is partly sheathed in the chamber, care must be taken not to damage this sheath, which generally melts at around 180 ° C.
  • the purpose of the heating is normally to fluidify all the filler, or at least a large part. At a minimum, the filler is fluidized in an area where it contacts the stripped wire.
  • the heat is communicated from the heating element to the filling material being fluidized.
  • the hot filling material moves by convection and helps to melt the remaining material.
  • the extraction of the fluidized filling material is done by opening the envelope of the first chamber. This opening may be the same as that used for the introduction of the heating element (s). Several openings can be used for extraction, so that all the liquid can be removed more easily.
  • the method is relatively simple to implement. It makes it possible to empty the filling material in a non-intrusive manner, without any notable alteration of the structure of the anchor. It remains functional and can be refilled with filling material.
  • the considered structural cable is for example the lower part of a bridge stay oriented in a direction X.
  • the cable is composed of a plurality of strands. Three of them have been represented: 2a, 2b, 2c.
  • the structural cable (that is to say its strands 2a, 2b, 2c) is anchored by means of an anchoring system 1 in axial support on a construction element 7 (for example a span of the bridge).
  • the anchoring system has for example a length of about 600 to 1000 mm in the X direction and a diameter of about 200 to 600 mm in a plane orthogonal to this direction.
  • Each strand is itself formed of a plurality of elementary wires. These son may be parallel or twisted and are for example made of galvanized steel or galfanized.
  • the strands 2a, 2b, 2c are each surrounded by a protective sheath which is able to protect them during their lifetime against corrosion due to weather or other external aggression, including moisture and handling.
  • This sheath is for example made of a plastic material, such as high density polyethylene (HDPE) or a polyamide.
  • the structural cable is anchored to a perforated block 4, or anchor block, for example by clamping the ends of the strands in split jaws (not shown).
  • each of the protective sheaths of the strands is interrupted at an end wafer so that the cable has a first denuded portion 2aa, 2bb, 2cc.
  • the strands emerge from the anchoring block 4 and form a second portion 2aaa, 2bbb, 2ccc of the structure cable, also stripped.
  • this second part of the structural cable is contained in a second chamber 3a filled with a filling material which, in the example under consideration, is a wax.
  • the chamber 3a is delimited on the one hand by the anchoring block 4 and on the other by a cover 9 pierced with two openings 9a and 9b closed by plugs.
  • the anchoring block 4 comprises two openings 4a and 4b, for example circular holes, for filling the first chamber 3 with hot wax.
  • the chamber 3 is located in an area of the anchoring system 1 which is generally surrounded by the construction element. Because of this, it is not very accessible.
  • the figure 1b represents the same anchoring system, during the implementation of a method of emptying according to the invention.
  • the filling material present in the chamber 3a can be drained by removing the cover 9 to access it directly. This can be removed manually, if necessary by blowing hot air. In this case, it ensures the sealing of the openings 4a and 4b, and possibly that openings corresponding to the passage of the strands 2a, 2b, 2c in the block 4.
  • two heating elements 10a and 10b are inserted into the filling material which fills the first chamber 3. These were inserted via the openings 9a and 9b.
  • the heaters 10a and 10b have a seal (not shown) so that, when in place, the openings 9a and 9b are sealed against flow of the fluidized filler into the first chamber 3.
  • the heating elements 10a and 10b comprise a cylindrical portion with an end 10e through which they are embedded in the solid filler.
  • heating elements 10a and 10b are then passed through the openings 4a and 4b of the anchor block 4. These are aligned with the openings 9a and 9b of the hood block 9 .
  • a heating step of the filling material contained in the first chamber 3 begins. This material is brought to a temperature greater than its melting temperature, but less than about 300 ° C., in order not to cause its heating. ignition and even less than about 160 ° C to not damage the sheaths of the strands 2a, 2b, 2c.
  • the heating elements 10a and 10b may comprise a thermocouple 10d located to measure the temperature at the end 10e of the heating elements. The thermal power dissipated by the heating elements is then regulated as a function of the temperature measured by these thermocouples.
  • Other thermocouples may be inserted into the first or second chamber to better control the fluidization of the filler, or to replace the thermocouples 10d.
  • the heating elements 10a and 10b are removed and the fluidized filler may flow into the passages created by the insertion of the heating elements.
  • the fluidized filling material can be sucked by a cannula inserted either by the same path as the heating elements 10a and 10b, either by an ad hoc opening of the envelope of the first chamber 3.
  • the filling material contained in the second chamber can be easily removed by removing the cover 9.
  • This material can also be heated without removing the cover.
  • the heating can be done using a heating belt 12 placed on the outer face of the cover 9.
  • the heating elements 10a and 10b can also be configured to be able to heat the filling material contained in the second chamber 3a.
  • the figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of the heating element 10a.
  • Element 10b is identical to element 10a.
  • the heating element 10a has an envelope whose outer surface is cylindrical with a circular base. The section is a little less than 10 mm.
  • the element 10a has two opposite ends 10e and 10f, one of which, 10e, is intended to penetrate into the solid filler of the chambers 3a and 3. It comprises an electrical resistance 10c arranged along the entire length of the envelope, and a thermocouple 10d placed so as to measure the temperature of the end 10e. Supply wires of the resistor 10c and the thermocouple 10d exit through the end 10f.
  • each resistor 10c is connected to a current source 11 comprising a PID regulator controlling the electrical intensity delivered to the resistor 10c (that is, controlling the thermal power dissipated by the Joule effect). temperature function measured by the thermocouple 10d. If there are several resistors, each is independently powered and controlled. The control reduces the heating time under maximum temperature stress.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de vidange d'un système d'ancrage d'un câble de structure à un élément de construction.The present invention relates to a method of emptying an anchoring system of a structural cable to a construction element.

Le câble de structure dont il est question peut être notamment un hauban, une suspente ou encore un câble de précontrainte.The structural cable in question may be in particular a guy, a hanger or a prestressing cable.

Il est courant que les câbles de structure habituellement rencontrés comprennent une pluralité de brins qui comportent chacun des fils métalliques eux-mêmes enveloppés ensemble dans une gaine de protection. Chacune de ces gaines de protection est interrompue au niveau d'une tranche terminale de sorte que les brins possèdent chacun un tronçon d'extrémité dénudé.It is common that the structural cables usually encountered comprise a plurality of strands which each comprise metal wires themselves wrapped together in a protective sheath. Each of these protective sheaths is interrupted at an end wafer so that the strands each have a stripped end section.

Les systèmes d'ancrage habituellement rencontrés, tels que présentés dans les documents US 5173982 A1 et GB 2148351 A , comportent :

  • un bloc d'ancrage perforé sur lequel sont ancrés individuellement le ou les tronçons d'extrémité dénudés du câble,
  • une portée qui est solidaire de l'élément de construction et contre laquelle est en appui axial le pourtour du bloc perforé,
  • une ou plusieurs chambres contenant des parties dénudées du câble de structure (éventuellement divisé en brins), ainsi qu'une matière de remplissage. Il existe notamment, en général, une chambre première située du côté du bloc d'ancrage par lequel arrive le câble de structure et dans laquelle les gaines de protection s'interrompent.
The anchoring systems usually encountered, as presented in the documents US 5173982 A1 and GB 2148351 A , include:
  • a perforated anchor block on which are anchored individually or bare end sections of the cable,
  • a bearing which is integral with the construction element and against which is axially supported the periphery of the perforated block,
  • one or more chambers containing stripped portions of the structural cable (optionally divided into strands), and a filler. In particular, there is generally a first chamber located on the side of the anchor block through which the structural cable arrives and in which the protective sheaths are interrupted.

La matière de remplissage est en général une cire d'origine pétrolière, ou une graisse. Elle est injectée chaude dans la ou les chambres de l'ancrage après la mise en place du câble et son ancrage. Elle forme après refroidissement un solide ou une pâte épaisse qui adhère au câble dénudé et assure l'étanchéité voulue.The filler is usually a petroleum wax, or a fat. It is injected hot into the anchoring chamber or chambers after the cable is put in place and anchored. It forms after cooling a solid or a thick paste that adheres to the stripped cable and provides the desired seal.

Or il peut s'avérer utile de changer la matière de remplissage, soit pendant la construction parce qu'elle aurait été mal injectée, soit au cours de la vie de l'ouvrage de construction, lors d'opérations de maintenance du système d'ancrage. Pour certaines chambres du système d'ancrage, cela ne pose pas de problème. Par exemple, pour une chambre se trouvant sous un capot et contenant la partie terminale du câble de structure qui ressort du bloc d'ancrage, la matière de remplissage peut être enlevée à l'aide d'une truelle et/ou d'un courant d'air chaud.However it may be useful to change the filling material, either during construction because it would have been poorly injected or during the life of the construction work, during maintenance operations of the system anchor. For some rooms of the anchoring system, this is not a problem. For example, for a chamber located under a hood and containing the end portion of the structural cable that protrudes from the anchor block, the filler may be removed with a trowel and / or a current hot air.

A l'heure actuelle, il n'existe pas de procédé pour vidanger certaines chambres du système d'ancrage difficiles d'accès, par exemple une chambre située derrière le bloc d'ancrage, dans une partie du système d'ancrage noyée dans l'ouvrage de construction.At present, there is no method for draining some rooms of the anchoring system difficult to access, for example a chamber located behind the anchor block, in a part of the anchoring system embedded in the construction work.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier à tout ou partie des inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus, c'est-à-dire en particulier de fournir un procédé permettant de vidanger un système d'ancrage d'un câble de structure comportant une chambre remplie d'une matière de remplissage difficile d'accès.The present invention aims to remedy all or some of the disadvantages mentioned above, that is to say in particular to provide a method for draining an anchoring system of a structural cable having a filled chamber filling material difficult to access.

La solution de l'invention porte sur un procédé de vidange d'un système d'ancrage d'un câble de structure à un élément de construction, le système d'ancrage comprenant une première chambre délimitée par une enveloppe, la première chambre contenant une première partie du câble de structure et une première matière de remplissage, le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  • insertion d'au moins un élément chauffant au sein de la première matière de remplissage par une ouverture de l'enveloppe de la première chambre ;
  • chauffage de la première matière de remplissage à l'aide de l'élément chauffant pour fluidifier tout ou partie de la première matière de remplissage; et
  • extraction de la première matière de remplissage fluidifiée par une ouverture de l'enveloppe de la première chambre.
The solution of the invention relates to a method of emptying an anchoring system of a structural cable to a construction element, the anchoring system comprising a first chamber defined by an envelope, the first chamber containing a first portion of the structural cable and a first filling material, the method comprising the following steps:
  • inserting at least one heating element into the first filling material through an opening of the casing of the first chamber;
  • heating the first filler with the heater to fluidify all or part of the first filler; and
  • extracting the first fluidized filling material through an opening of the envelope of the first chamber.

La matière de remplissage, bien que solide à température ambiante, est assez molle et il est possible d'y faire entrer un élément chauffant. Elle occupe en général toute la première chambre, de manière à envelopper la partie dénudée du câble. La matière de remplissage peut avoir un rôle de protection des câbles qu'elle entoure.The filler, although solid at room temperature, is quite soft and it is possible to enter a heating element. It usually occupies the entire first chamber, so as to wrap the bare part of the cable. The filling material may have a protective role of the cables that it surrounds.

A l'étape d'insertion, on fait passer au moins un élément chauffant par une ouverture dans l'enveloppe délimitant la première chambre. Il peut être avantageux d'utiliser plusieurs éléments chauffants passant par plusieurs ouvertures, ou par la même ouverture, de façon à accélérer le chauffage.In the insertion step, at least one heating element is passed through an opening in the envelope delimiting the first chamber. He can be It is advantageous to use several heating elements passing through several openings, or by the same opening, so as to accelerate the heating.

La ou les ouvertures peuvent être préexistantes, par exemple, il peut s'agir de trous situés dans le bloc d'ancrage et ayant servi au remplissage de la chambre. De manière alternative, les ouvertures peuvent être réalisées spécialement pour l'opération de vidange..The opening or openings may be pre-existing, for example, it may be holes in the anchor block and used to fill the chamber. Alternatively, the openings can be made especially for the emptying operation.

Par « fluidifier », on entend « rendre suffisamment fluide pour pouvoir couler à travers une ouverture du type de celle utilisée pour introduire l'élément chauffant. Pour une cire, il s'agit de liquéfaction. Pour une graisse, il s'agit d'abaisser suffisamment la viscosité.By "fluidify" is meant to "make fluid enough to flow through an opening of the type used to introduce the heating element. For a wax, it is liquefaction. For a fat, it is a matter of lowering the viscosity sufficiently.

L'élément chauffant peut être de toute nature appropriée à la matière de remplissage qu'il s'agit de fluidifier, sans qu'elle prenne feu. Si le câble de structure est en partie gainé dans la chambre, il faut aussi veiller à ne pas endommager cette gaine qui fond en général à environ 180°C.The heating element may be of any kind appropriate to the filling material that it is a question of fluidizing, without it catching fire. If the structure cable is partly sheathed in the chamber, care must be taken not to damage this sheath, which generally melts at around 180 ° C.

Il est donc possible de faire circuler un fluide caloporteur dans l'élément chauffant, le fluide ayant été préalablement chauffé. On peut aussi produire la chaleur directement dans l'élément chauffant, au sein de la matière de remplissage à chauffer.It is therefore possible to circulate a coolant in the heating element, the fluid having been previously heated. The heat can also be produced directly in the heating element, within the filler material to be heated.

Le but du chauffage est normalement de fluidifier toute la matière de remplissage, ou en tous cas une grande partie. Au minimum, on fluidifie la matière de remplissage dans une zone où elle est en contact avec le câble dénudé.The purpose of the heating is normally to fluidify all the filler, or at least a large part. At a minimum, the filler is fluidized in an area where it contacts the stripped wire.

La chaleur se communique de l'élément chauffant à la matière de remplissage en train de se fluidifier. La matière de remplissage chaude se déplace par convection et contribue à faire fondre la matière restante.The heat is communicated from the heating element to the filling material being fluidized. The hot filling material moves by convection and helps to melt the remaining material.

L'extraction de la matière de remplissage fluidifiée se fait par une ouverture de l'enveloppe de la première chambre. Cette ouverture peut être la même que celle servant pour l'introduction du ou des éléments chauffants. On peut utiliser plusieurs ouvertures pour l'extraction, de manière à retirer plus facilement tout le liquide.The extraction of the fluidized filling material is done by opening the envelope of the first chamber. This opening may be the same as that used for the introduction of the heating element (s). Several openings can be used for extraction, so that all the liquid can be removed more easily.

La méthode est relativement simple à mettre en oeuvre. Elle permet de vidanger la matière de remplissage d'une manière peu intrusive, sans altération notable de la structure de l'ancrage. Celui-ci reste fonctionnel et peut à nouveau être rempli de matière de remplissage.The method is relatively simple to implement. It makes it possible to empty the filling material in a non-intrusive manner, without any notable alteration of the structure of the anchor. It remains functional and can be refilled with filling material.

Selon des modes de réalisations particuliers, l'invention peut mettre en oeuvre une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :

  • l'élément chauffant comprend une partie sensiblement cylindrique ayant une extrémité par laquelle, durant l'étape d'insertion, on le fait pénétrer dans la première matière de remplissage. Une telle forme, par exemple en tube, facilite la pénétration de l'élément chauffant dans la matière de remplissage, qui est un solide plus ou moins mou. L'extrémité peut être de forme pointue de manière à faciliter encore plus la pénétration.
  • l'élément chauffant comprend une résistance électrique, le procédé comprenant en outre une étape de connexion de la résistance électrique à une source de courant. Un élément chauffant contenant une résistance électrique est en effet aisé à manipuler et à installer dans le système d'ancrage. Il ne nécessite qu'un branchement à une source de courant.
  • l'élément chauffant comprend un thermocouple pour mesurer une température au voisinage de l'élément chauffant. Par « au voisinage », on veut dire « dans ou à proximité de ». La mesure peut se faire notamment à l'extrémité de l'élément chauffant qui pénètre dans la matière de remplissage. Cette mesure permet de suivre l'évolution en température dans la chambre, notamment au voisinage de l'élément chauffant.
  • durant l'étape de chauffage, l'élément chauffant délivre une puissance thermique régulée en fonction de la température mesurée par le thermocouple. Ceci permet de réduire le temps de chauffe et d'éviter une surchauffe qui pourrait altérer les gaines protectrices éventuellement présentes sur une partie du câble de structure ou causer une inflammation de la matière de remplissage.
  • durant l'étape de chauffage, on rend l'ouverture de l'enveloppe de la première chambre par laquelle est introduit l'élément chauffant étanche vis-à-vis d'un écoulement de la première matière de remplissage fluidifiée. Ceci permet d'éviter que la chambre se vide progressivement de sa matière de remplissage fluidifiée. En effet, pour une bonne conduction de la chaleur et une fluidification optimale de la matière de remplissage, il est préférable que toute la matière fluidifiée reste dans la chambre pendant l'étape de chauffage. L'étanchéité peut être obtenue grâce des moyens d'étanchéité (par exemple un joint) disposés sur l'élément chauffant.
  • l'extraction de la première matière de remplissage fluidifiée se fait au moins en partie par aspiration à l'aide d'une canule. Ceci permet l'évacuation de la matière de remplissage fluidifiée, même quand l'ouverture par laquelle elle se fait est située au-dessus de la matière liquide. Ce cas peut par exemple se produire dans un système d'ancrage de la partie haute d'un hauban de pont.
  • l'extraction de la première matière de remplissage fluidifiée se fait au moins en partie par un écoulement. Si l'ouverture servant à l'extraction de la matière de remplissage fluidifiée est située en partie basse de la chambre, ce mode d'évacuation est simple et efficace.
  • l'écoulement de la première matière de remplissage fluidifiée se fait à travers l'ouverture ayant servie à l'introduction de l'élément chauffant au sein de la première matière de remplissage. On peut par exemple, après l'étape de chauffage, retirer l'élément chauffant et libérer le passage pour un écoulement de la matière de remplissage fluidifiée. Ainsi une ouverture supplémentaire n'est pas utile pour l'évacuation.
  • l'enveloppe de la première chambre comprend un bloc d'ancrage sur lequel est ancré le câble de structure, un tube et un presse-étoupe, l'ouverture par laquelle l'élément chauffant est introduit au sein de la première matière de remplissage durant l'étape d'insertion se situant dans le bloc d'ancrage. Selon ce mode de réalisation, on utilise pour l'insertion de l'élément chauffant une ouverture, en général préexistante, dans le bloc d'ancrage. L'ouverture n'a donc pas à être créée spécialement.
  • le système d'ancrage comprend une seconde chambre située de l'autre côté du bloc d'ancrage par rapport à la première chambre et délimitée par une seconde enveloppe comprenant le bloc d'ancrage et un capot, la seconde chambre contenant une seconde partie du câble de structure et une seconde matière de remplissage et dans lequel, préalablement à l'insertion de l'élément chauffant au sein de la première matière de remplissage, on fait pénétrer l'élément chauffant dans la seconde chambre par une ouverture du capot alignée avec l'ouverture de l'enveloppe de la première chambre par laquelle l'élément chauffant est inséré pour permettre une pénétration successive de l'élément chauffant dans la seconde chambre puis la première chambre sans déplacement du capot. Certains systèmes d'ancrage possèdent une seconde chambre, où se situent par exemple la ou les parties terminales du câble de structure qui dépassent du bloc d'ancrage. Cette seconde chambre est délimitée par le bloc d'ancrage et par un capot. Elle contient une seconde matière de remplissage. Elle a la même fonction que la première matière de remplissage et peut être constituée du même matériau. Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'élément chauffant pénètre d'abord dans la seconde chambre, puis dans la première, par deux ouvertures configurées pour ne pas avoir à déplacer le capot.
  • le procédé comprend en outre une étape de chauffage de la seconde matière de remplissage par une ceinture chauffante placée sur une surface externe du capot. La seconde matière de remplissage peut être fluidifiée par un chauffage externe à l'aide d'une ceinture chauffante placée à l'extérieur de la chambre, contre le capot, puis enlevée.
According to particular embodiments, the invention may implement one or more of the following features:
  • the heating element comprises a substantially cylindrical portion having an end through which, during the insertion step, it is penetrated into the first filling material. Such a shape, for example in tube, facilitates the penetration of the heating element in the filling material, which is a more or less soft solid. The end can be pointed in order to facilitate further penetration.
  • the heating element comprises an electrical resistance, the method further comprising a step of connecting the electrical resistance to a power source. A heating element containing an electrical resistance is indeed easy to handle and install in the anchoring system. It only requires a connection to a power source.
  • the heating element comprises a thermocouple for measuring a temperature in the vicinity of the heating element. By "neighborhood", we mean "in or near". The measurement can be done in particular at the end of the heating element which penetrates into the filling material. This measurement makes it possible to follow the evolution in temperature in the chamber, in particular in the vicinity of the heating element.
  • during the heating step, the heating element delivers a regulated thermal power as a function of the temperature measured by the thermocouple. This reduces the heating time and avoids overheating which could alter the protective sheaths that may be present on a part of the structural cable or cause ignition of the filling material.
  • during the heating step, the opening of the casing of the first chamber through which the sealed heating element is introduced is made vis-à-vis a flow of the first fluidized filling material. This makes it possible to prevent the chamber from progressively emptying its fluidized filling material. Indeed, for good heat conduction and optimal fluidification of the filling material, it is preferable that all the fluidized material remains in the chamber during the heating step. The seal can be achieved by means of sealing (for example a seal) disposed on the heating element.
  • the extraction of the first fluidized filling material is at least partly by suction using a cannula. This allows evacuation of the fluidized filling material, even when the opening through which it is made is located above the liquid material. This case can for example occur in an anchoring system of the upper part of a bridge stay.
  • the extraction of the first fluidized filling material is at least partly by a flow. If the opening for extracting the fluidized filling material is located in the lower part of the chamber, this mode of discharge is simple and effective.
  • the flow of the first fluidized filling material is through the opening used for the introduction of the heating element into the first filling material. For example, after the heating step, the heating element may be removed and the passageway may be released for flow of the fluidized filling material. Thus an additional opening is not useful for evacuation.
  • the envelope of the first chamber comprises an anchor block on which is anchored the structural cable, a tube and a gland, the opening through which the heating element is introduced into the first filling material during the insertion step lying in the anchor block. According to this embodiment, for the insertion of the heating element is used an opening, generally pre-existing, in the anchor block. The opening does not have to be specially created.
  • the anchoring system comprises a second chamber located on the other side of the anchor block relative to the first chamber and delimited by a second envelope comprising the anchor block and a cover, the second chamber containing a second part of the anchor block; structure cable and a second filling material and in which, prior to the insertion of the heating element into the first filling material, the heating element is introduced into the second chamber through an opening of the hood aligned with opening the envelope of the first chamber through which the heating element is inserted to allow successive penetration of the heating element in the second chamber and the first chamber without moving the cover. Some anchoring systems have a second chamber, where are for example the terminal or the end portions of the structural cable protruding from the anchor block. This second chamber is defined by the anchor block and a hood. It contains a second filling material. It has the same function as the first filling material and can be made of the same material. In this embodiment, the heating element first enters the second chamber, then into the first, by two openings configured to not have to move the hood.
  • the method further comprises a step of heating the second filler material with a heating belt placed on an outer surface of the hood. The second filler may be fluidized by external heating using a heating belt placed outside the chamber, against the hood, and removed.

D'autres particularités et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront dans la description ci-après d'exemples de réalisation non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1a représente schématiquement une coupe longitudinale d'un système d'ancrage d'un câble de structure à un élément de construction;
  • la figure 1b illustre une méthode de vidange de ce système d'ancrage conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une coupe transversale du système d'ancrage représenté en figure 1b ;
  • la figure 3 représente un élément chauffant mis en oeuvre par la méthode illustrée à la figure 1b.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following description of nonlimiting exemplary embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1a schematically represents a longitudinal section of a system for anchoring a structural cable to a construction element;
  • the figure 1b illustrates a method of emptying this anchoring system according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a cross-section of the anchoring system represented in figure 1b ;
  • the figure 3 represents a heating element implemented by the method illustrated in FIG. figure 1b .

Pour des raisons de clarté, les dimensions des différents éléments représentés sur ces figures ne sont pas nécessairement en proportion avec leurs dimensions réelles. Sur les figures, des références identiques correspondent à des éléments identiques, mais pas nécessairement mis en oeuvre de manière identique.For the sake of clarity, the dimensions of the various elements shown in these figures are not necessarily in proportion to their actual dimensions. In the figures, identical references correspond to identical elements, but not necessarily implemented identically.

Sur la figure 1a, le câble de structure considéré est par exemple la partie basse d'un hauban de pont orienté selon une direction X. Le câble est composé d'une pluralité de brins. On en a représenté trois : 2a, 2b, 2c. Le câble de structure (c'est-à-dire ses brins 2a, 2b, 2c) est ancré grâce à un système d'ancrage 1 en appui axial sur un élément de construction 7 (par exemple une portée du pont). Le système d'ancrage a par exemple une longueur d'environ 600 à 1000 mm selon la direction X et un diamètre d'environ 200 à 600 mm dans un plan orthogonal à cette direction.On the figure 1a , the considered structural cable is for example the lower part of a bridge stay oriented in a direction X. The cable is composed of a plurality of strands. Three of them have been represented: 2a, 2b, 2c. The structural cable (that is to say its strands 2a, 2b, 2c) is anchored by means of an anchoring system 1 in axial support on a construction element 7 (for example a span of the bridge). The anchoring system has for example a length of about 600 to 1000 mm in the X direction and a diameter of about 200 to 600 mm in a plane orthogonal to this direction.

Chaque brin est lui-même formé d'une pluralité de fils élémentaires. Ces fils peuvent être parallèles ou torsadés et sont par exemple réalisés en acier galvanisé ou galfanisé. Les brins 2a, 2b, 2c sont entourés chacun par une gaine de protection qui est apte à les protéger au cours de leur vie contre la corrosion due aux intempéries ou autre agression extérieure, et notamment à l'humidité et aux manutentions. Cette gaine est par exemple réalisée en une matière plastique, telle que le polyéthylène à haute densité (PEHD) ou un polyamide.Each strand is itself formed of a plurality of elementary wires. These son may be parallel or twisted and are for example made of galvanized steel or galfanized. The strands 2a, 2b, 2c are each surrounded by a protective sheath which is able to protect them during their lifetime against corrosion due to weather or other external aggression, including moisture and handling. This sheath is for example made of a plastic material, such as high density polyethylene (HDPE) or a polyamide.

Le câble de structure est ancré sur un bloc perforé 4, ou bloc d'ancrage, par exemple par serrage des extrémités des brins dans des mors fendus (non-représentés). Pour cela, chacune des gaines de protection des brins est interrompue au niveau d'une tranche terminale de sorte que le câble possède une première partie dénudée 2aa, 2bb, 2cc.The structural cable is anchored to a perforated block 4, or anchor block, for example by clamping the ends of the strands in split jaws (not shown). For this, each of the protective sheaths of the strands is interrupted at an end wafer so that the cable has a first denuded portion 2aa, 2bb, 2cc.

Afin de protéger cette première partie dénudée 2aa, 2bb, 2cc contre la corrosion, elle est située à l'intérieur d'une première chambre 3 remplie de cire et délimitée par une enveloppe constituée :

  • à une première extrémité axiale, d'une face du bloc perforé 4,
  • transversalement, d'un tube rigide 6 qui est par exemple de forme cylindrique à base circulaire,
  • et à l'extrémité axiale opposée au bloc 4, d'un presse-étoupe 5 traversé de façon étanche par les brins gainés 2a, 2b, 2c et pressé de façon étanche contre la face intérieure du tube 6 sous l'effet d'une compression axiale.
In order to protect this first stripped portion 2aa, 2bb, 2cc against corrosion, it is located inside a first chamber 3 filled with wax and delimited by an envelope constituted by:
  • at a first axial end, of a face of the perforated block 4,
  • transversely, a rigid tube 6 which is for example cylindrical in shape with a circular base,
  • and at the opposite axial end to the block 4, a gland 5 sealed through the sheathed strands 2a, 2b, 2c and sealingly pressed against the inner face of the tube 6 under the effect of a axial compression.

Les brins ressortent du bloc d'ancrage 4 et forment une seconde partie 2aaa, 2bbb, 2ccc du câble de structure, également dénudée. Pour les mêmes raisons de protection contre la corrosion, cette seconde partie du câble de structure est contenue dans une seconde chambre 3a remplie d'une matière de remplissage qui, dans l'exemple considéré, est une cire. La chambre 3a est délimitée d'une part par le bloc d'ancrage 4 et d'autre part par un capot 9 percé de deux ouvertures 9a et 9b fermées par des bouchons.The strands emerge from the anchoring block 4 and form a second portion 2aaa, 2bbb, 2ccc of the structure cable, also stripped. For the same reasons of protection against corrosion, this second part of the structural cable is contained in a second chamber 3a filled with a filling material which, in the example under consideration, is a wax. The chamber 3a is delimited on the one hand by the anchoring block 4 and on the other by a cover 9 pierced with two openings 9a and 9b closed by plugs.

Le bloc d'ancrage 4 comporte deux ouvertures 4a et 4b, par exemple des trous circulaires, servant au remplissage de la première chambre 3 par de la cire chaude.The anchoring block 4 comprises two openings 4a and 4b, for example circular holes, for filling the first chamber 3 with hot wax.

La chambre 3 se situe dans une zone du système d'ancrage 1 qui est en général entourée par l'élément de construction. De ce fait, elle est peu accessible.The chamber 3 is located in an area of the anchoring system 1 which is generally surrounded by the construction element. Because of this, it is not very accessible.

La figure 1b représente le même système d'ancrage, pendant la mise en oeuvre d'une méthode de vidange selon l'invention.The figure 1b represents the same anchoring system, during the implementation of a method of emptying according to the invention.

Selon une variante de l'invention non représentée, la matière de remplissage présente dans la chambre 3a peut être vidangée en enlevant le capot 9 pour y accéder directement. Celle-ci peut être enlevée manuellement, si nécessaire en soufflant de l'air chaud. Dans ce cas, on s'assure de l'étanchéité des ouvertures 4a et 4b, ainsi éventuellement que des ouvertures correspondant au passage des brins 2a, 2b, 2c dans le bloc 4.According to a variant of the invention not shown, the filling material present in the chamber 3a can be drained by removing the cover 9 to access it directly. This can be removed manually, if necessary by blowing hot air. In this case, it ensures the sealing of the openings 4a and 4b, and possibly that openings corresponding to the passage of the strands 2a, 2b, 2c in the block 4.

Au cours d'une première étape, deux éléments chauffants 10a et 10b sont insérés au sein de la matière de remplissage qui remplit la première chambre 3. Ceux-ci ont été insérés via les ouvertures 9a et 9b. Les éléments chauffants 10a et 10b comportent un joint (non-représenté) pour que, lorsqu'ils sont en place, les ouvertures 9a et 9b soient étanche vis-à-vis d'un écoulement de la matière de remplissage fluidifiée dans la première chambre 3.In a first step, two heating elements 10a and 10b are inserted into the filling material which fills the first chamber 3. These were inserted via the openings 9a and 9b. The heaters 10a and 10b have a seal (not shown) so that, when in place, the openings 9a and 9b are sealed against flow of the fluidized filler into the first chamber 3.

Les éléments chauffants 10a et 10b comprennent une partie de forme cylindrique, avec une extrémité 10e par laquelle on les enfonce dans la matière de remplissage solide.The heating elements 10a and 10b comprise a cylindrical portion with an end 10e through which they are embedded in the solid filler.

Pour faire entrer les éléments chauffants 10a et 10b dans le système d'ancrage, on les fait ensuite passer par les ouvertures 4a et 4b du bloc d'ancrage 4. Celles-ci sont alignées avec les ouvertures 9a et 9b du bloc du capot 9.To bring the heating elements 10a and 10b into the anchoring system, they are then passed through the openings 4a and 4b of the anchor block 4. These are aligned with the openings 9a and 9b of the hood block 9 .

Une fois les éléments chauffants installés, commence une étape de chauffage de la matière de remplissage contenue dans la première chambre 3. On porte cette matière à une température supérieure à sa température de fusion, mais inférieure à environ 300°C pour ne pas provoquer son inflammation et même inférieure à environ 160°C pour ne pas endommager les gaines des brins 2a, 2b, 2c.Once the heating elements have been installed, a heating step of the filling material contained in the first chamber 3 begins. This material is brought to a temperature greater than its melting temperature, but less than about 300 ° C., in order not to cause its heating. ignition and even less than about 160 ° C to not damage the sheaths of the strands 2a, 2b, 2c.

Pour faciliter ce contrôle de la température dans la première chambre, les éléments chauffants 10a et 10b (voir figure 3) peuvent comprendre un thermocouple 10d situé de manière à mesurer la température à l'extrémité 10e des éléments chauffants. On régule ensuite la puissance thermique dissipée par les éléments chauffants en fonction de la température mesurée par ces thermocouples. D'autres thermocouples peuvent être insérés dans la première ou la seconde chambre pour mieux contrôler la fluidification de la matière de remplissage, ou pour remplacer les thermocouples 10d .To facilitate this control of the temperature in the first chamber, the heating elements 10a and 10b (see figure 3 ) may comprise a thermocouple 10d located to measure the temperature at the end 10e of the heating elements. The thermal power dissipated by the heating elements is then regulated as a function of the temperature measured by these thermocouples. Other thermocouples may be inserted into the first or second chamber to better control the fluidization of the filler, or to replace the thermocouples 10d.

Lorsque la matière de remplissage est fondue (de préférence intégralement), on retire les éléments chauffants 10a et 10b et la matière de remplissage fluidifiée peut s'écouler dans les passages créés par l'insertion des éléments chauffants. De manière alternative ou complémentaire, on peut aspirer la matière de remplissage fluidifiée par une canule insérée soit par le même chemin que les éléments chauffants 10a et 10b, soit par une ouverture ad hoc de l'enveloppe de la première chambre 3.When the filler is melted (preferably completely), the heating elements 10a and 10b are removed and the fluidized filler may flow into the passages created by the insertion of the heating elements. Alternatively or additionally, the fluidized filling material can be sucked by a cannula inserted either by the same path as the heating elements 10a and 10b, either by an ad hoc opening of the envelope of the first chamber 3.

En général, la matière de remplissage contenue dans la seconde chambre peut être enlevée facilement, en retirant le capot 9. On peut aussi chauffer cette matière sans retirer le capot. Le chauffage peut se faire à l'aide d'une ceinture chauffante 12 posée sur la face externe du capot 9. Les éléments chauffants 10a et 10b peuvent aussi être configurés pour pouvoir chauffer la matière de remplissage contenue dans la seconde chambre 3a.In general, the filling material contained in the second chamber can be easily removed by removing the cover 9. This material can also be heated without removing the cover. The heating can be done using a heating belt 12 placed on the outer face of the cover 9. The heating elements 10a and 10b can also be configured to be able to heat the filling material contained in the second chamber 3a.

Sur la figure 2, on a représenté les brins 2a, 2b, 2c qui traversent le bloc d'ancrage 4. Les éléments de fixation (mors) ne sont pas représentés. On voit aussi les ouvertures 4a et 4b par lesquelles sont insérés les éléments chauffants 10a et 10b.On the figure 2 the strands 2a, 2b, 2c which cross the anchoring block 4 are shown. The fastening elements (jaws) are not shown. We also see the openings 4a and 4b through which are inserted the heating elements 10a and 10b.

La figure 3 illustre un mode de réalisation de l'élément chauffant 10a. L'élément 10b est identique à l'élément 10a. L'élément chauffant 10a possède une enveloppe dont la surface externe est cylindrique à base circulaire. La section est d'un peu moins de 10 mm. L'élément 10a a deux extrémités opposées 10e et 10f, dont l'une, 10e, est destinée à pénétrer au sein de la matière de remplissage solide des chambres 3a et 3. Il comprend une résistance électrique 10c disposée sur toute la longueur de l'enveloppe, ainsi qu'un thermocouple 10d placé de manière à mesurer la température de l'extrémité 10e. Des fils d'alimentation de la résistance 10c et du thermocouple 10d sortent par l'extrémité 10f.The figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of the heating element 10a. Element 10b is identical to element 10a. The heating element 10a has an envelope whose outer surface is cylindrical with a circular base. The section is a little less than 10 mm. The element 10a has two opposite ends 10e and 10f, one of which, 10e, is intended to penetrate into the solid filler of the chambers 3a and 3. It comprises an electrical resistance 10c arranged along the entire length of the envelope, and a thermocouple 10d placed so as to measure the temperature of the end 10e. Supply wires of the resistor 10c and the thermocouple 10d exit through the end 10f.

Pendant l'étape de chauffage, chaque résistance 10c est connectée à une source de courant 11 comportant un régulateur PID contrôlant l'intensité électrique délivrée à la résistance 10c (c'est-à-dire contrôlant la puissance thermique dissipée par effet Joule) en fonction de la température mesurée par le thermocouple 10d. S'il y a plusieurs résistances, chacune est alimentée et contrôlée de préférence de manière autonome. Le contrôle permet de réduire le temps de chauffe sous contrainte de température maximum.During the heating step, each resistor 10c is connected to a current source 11 comprising a PID regulator controlling the electrical intensity delivered to the resistor 10c (that is, controlling the thermal power dissipated by the Joule effect). temperature function measured by the thermocouple 10d. If there are several resistors, each is independently powered and controlled. The control reduces the heating time under maximum temperature stress.

Claims (12)

  1. Method of draining a system for anchoring a structural cable (2a, 2b, 2c) to a construction element (7), the anchor system comprising a first chamber delimited by an envelope (4, 5, 6), the first chamber (3) containing a first part (2aa, 2bb, 2cc) of the structural cable and a first filling material, the method comprising the following steps:
    - inserting at least one heating element (10a, 10b) into the first filling material via an opening (4a, 4b) in the envelope of the first chamber;
    - heating the first filling material using the heating element to fluidize at least some of the first filling material; and
    - extracting the fluidized first filling material via an opening (4a, 4b) in the envelope of the first chamber.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, wherein the heating element (10a, 10b) comprises a substantially cylindrical part having an end (10e by which it is caused to penetrate into the first filling material during insertion.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the heating element (10a, 10b) comprises a thermocouple (10d) for measuring a temperature in the vicinity of the heating element.
  4. Method according to Claim 3, wherein, during heating, the heating element (10a, 10b) delivers a thermal power regulated as a function of the temperature measured by the thermocouple (10d).
  5. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the heating element (10a, 10b) comprises an electrical resistor, the method further comprising connecting the electrical resistor to a current source (11).
  6. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein, during heating, the opening of the envelope (4a, 4b) of the first chamber through which the heating element (10a, 10b) is introduced is sealed against flow of the fluidized first filling material.
  7. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein the fluidized first filling material is extracted at least in part by aspiration using a cannula.
  8. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein the fluidized first filling material is extracted at least in part by flow.
  9. Method according to Claim 8, wherein the fluidized first filling material flows through the opening (4a, 4b) that was used to introduce the heating element (10a, 10b) into the first filling material.
  10. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, wherein the envelope (4, 5, 6) of the first chamber (3) comprises an anchor block (4) to which the structural cable (2a, 2b, 2c) is anchored, a tube (6) and a gland (5), the opening (4a, 4b) through which the heating element (10a, 10b) is introduced into the first filling material during the insertion being situated in the anchor block (4).
  11. Method according to Claim 10, wherein the anchor system (1) comprises a second chamber (3a) situated on the other side of the anchor block (4) relative to the first chamber (3) and delimited by a second envelope comprising the anchor block (4) and a cap (8), the second chamber containing a second part (2aaa, 2bbb, 2ccc) of the structural cable (2a, 2b) and a second filling material and wherein, prior to the insertion of the heating element into the first filling material, the heating element is caused to penetrate into the second chamber (3a) via an opening (9a, 9b) in the cap (8) aligned with the opening (4a, 4b) in the envelope of the first chamber through which the heating element is inserted to enable successive penetration of the heating element (10a, 10b) into the second chamber (3a) and then the first chamber (3) without moving the cap.
  12. Method according to Claim 11, further comprising a step of heating the second filling material by a heating belt (12) placed on an external surface of the cap (8).
EP12160466.4A 2011-03-28 2012-03-21 Method for draining a system for anchoring a structural cable to a construction element Active EP2505714B1 (en)

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GB8327978D0 (en) * 1983-10-19 1983-11-23 Manuf Aceros Caucho Sa Cable anchorage
US5173982A (en) * 1991-07-25 1992-12-29 Greiner Inc, Southern Corrosion protection system
FR2798410B1 (en) 1999-09-15 2001-11-23 Freyssinet Int Stup ANCHORING DEVICE FOR ATTACHING A STRUCTURAL CABLE TO A CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT
KR100867414B1 (en) 2008-03-12 2008-11-06 주식회사 한국종합기술 Precasted concrete retaining wall with tension

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US20120247568A1 (en) 2012-10-04
ES2547806T3 (en) 2015-10-08
DK2505714T3 (en) 2015-10-05
EP2505714A1 (en) 2012-10-03
FR2973400A1 (en) 2012-10-05
KR20120110054A (en) 2012-10-09
AU2012201791A1 (en) 2012-10-18
AU2012201791B2 (en) 2017-01-12
HK1170276A1 (en) 2013-02-22
US8834639B2 (en) 2014-09-16
PL2505714T3 (en) 2016-02-29
PT2505714E (en) 2015-10-13
FR2973400B1 (en) 2013-04-26
MX2012003777A (en) 2012-09-27

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