EP2504561B1 - Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2504561B1
EP2504561B1 EP10781443.6A EP10781443A EP2504561B1 EP 2504561 B1 EP2504561 B1 EP 2504561B1 EP 10781443 A EP10781443 A EP 10781443A EP 2504561 B1 EP2504561 B1 EP 2504561B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle needle
nozzle
longitudinal bore
diameter
shaft portion
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EP10781443.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2504561A1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Beier
Ilona Gostic
Robert Haubold
Michael Hekel
Axel LÖFFLER
Horst Ressel
Ralf SCHÜLE
Holmer Slocinski
Marco Wyszkowski
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LOrange GmbH
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LOrange GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1893—Details of valve member ends not covered by groups F02M61/1866 - F02M61/188
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, in particular auto-igniting internal combustion engines, according to the preamble of claim 1, such as in the DE 3,938,551 shown.
  • FIG. 1 shows the EP 1 026 393 A2 as part of an injector, an injection nozzle with a control body adjoining a nozzle body.
  • Nozzle body and control body are central provided with axially merging holes for the nozzle needle and a pressure piston which is located in the control body and is connected to the nozzle needle via a push rod.
  • the push rod passes through a pressure chamber, on the circumferential side, ie radially from the outside, a fuel supply channel opens, in the axial transition region between the control body and nozzle body such that these mutually open areas of the fuel supply channel and the pressure chamber limit, on whose the control body associated part of the pressure piston receiving axial bore opens, in the closed position of the nozzle needle to the mouth adjacent tiered stepped position of the pressure piston. Due to the radial orientation of the fuel supply channel to the pressure chamber notch stresses at the point of discharge should be avoided, also a high pressure and swelling resistance can be achieved.
  • the nozzle body is also formed with an expiring on the pressure chamber guide bore for the nozzle needle, which has a running in the guide bore shaft portion, which merges incoming into the pressure chamber in a reduced diameter shaft portion.
  • a gap-like annular space opens out to the guide bore between the latter and the shaft of the nozzle needle and opens up against the pressure chamber. This serves to relieve at the pressure chamber at an acute angle to the nozzle needle and adjacent to this incoming fuel supply channel remaining between the guide bore and the fuel supply channel gusset region of the nozzle body that superimposed on the swelling pressure forces in the fuel supply channel starting from the pressure chamber in the gap-like annulus Counterforces can be built.
  • the nozzle needle of the second nozzle is stepped in diameter.
  • the larger diameter shaft portion of the nozzle needle is located in a guide bore and passes in the mouth region of the guide bore on the pressure chamber on the smaller diameter shaft portion.
  • corresponding fuel injectors are for example from the DE 39 38 551 A1 known.
  • injection nozzles are cavitation-prone, in particular when local pressure differences are formed.
  • a Vietnamesezu critical zone is the transition region of guided in the longitudinal bore of the nozzle body shaft portion of the nozzle needle on the reduced diameter, the pressure chamber passing through shaft portion.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a training for a fuel injector of the type mentioned, with the cavitation damage can be avoided in particular in the transition area of guided in the guide portion of the longitudinal bore shaft portion of the nozzle needle on the constricted shaft portion.
  • This reduction in cross-section is determined by the small, one third of the diameter of the longitudinal bore corresponding distance from the transition of the guide portion of the longitudinal bore on the pressure chamber to the adjacent end of the guided shaft portion of the nozzle needle and lying at 70 ° cone angle of the constricted shaft portion. Further, by the fuel supply to the pressure chamber in radial overlap to the waist of the constriction, as well as, in conjunction with the asymmetrical flow of the nozzle needle, a reduction in pressure differences in the pressure chamber can be achieved. Such a configuration can be realized without substantially reducing the length of the guided shaft portion or an extended nozzle structure
  • FIG. 1 the injecting onto the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, not shown part of an injection nozzle 1 for fuels, especially diesel fuels, shown schematically, which may in particular also be part of a fuel injector.
  • the injection nozzle 1 has a nozzle body 2, which has a longitudinal bore 4 extending in the direction of its longitudinal axis 3 with sections of different diameters.
  • the longitudinal bore 4 receives a nozzle needle 5 and runs in the combustion chamber end of the nozzle body 2 provided injection openings 6.
  • the nozzle needle 5 has an optionally provided with microgrooves shaft portion 7, with which it is guided axially displaceably in a guide portion 8 of the longitudinal bore 4 of the nozzle body 2 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 3.
  • This guide section 8 opens onto an enlarged in diameter and formed as a pressure chamber 9 part of the longitudinal bore 4, to which a further portion 10 of the longitudinal bore 4 connects, which tapers via a bore-side seat 11 to the injection openings 6.
  • an axially extending fuel supply passage is designated, which opens radially to the pressure chamber 9, wherein the fuel supply in the embodiment via two mouth openings 13 takes place asymmetrically on the pressure chamber 9, which is followed by a guided to the shaft portion 7 and radially constricted shaft portion 14 of the nozzle needle 5 is interspersed.
  • extending constricted shaft portion 14 includes another shaft portion 15 which is reduced in diameter relative to the shaft portion 7 and the periphery of the longitudinal bore 4 defines an annular space 16, via the fuel supply from the pressure chamber 9 in the direction the seat surface 11 of the nozzle body 2 takes place, to which the nozzle needle 5 adjacent to its nozzle needle tip 17 has a corresponding sealing surface 18.
  • the nozzle needle 5 When the nozzle needle 5 is in the closed position, the fuel supply to the injection openings 6 is blocked by the abutting surfaces 11 and 18. If the nozzle needle 5 is lifted out of its seat, then fuel is injected via the injection openings 6 to the respective combustion chamber, when fuel is supplied via the mouth openings 13 to the pressure chamber 9 in the region of the waist 19 of the constricted shaft portion 14.
  • the waist 19 lies in radial Covering the mouth openings 13, which are arranged offset relative to the longitudinal axis 3 and circumferentially offset from each other with respect to the circumference of the pressure chamber 9, so that due to flow, at least over the peripheral region of the pressure chamber 9, resulting at different pressure levels areas.
  • the shaft section 7 guided in the longitudinal bore 4 of the nozzle body 2 ends at a distance from the mouth of the longitudinal bore 4 on the pressure chamber 9 which is radially widened in relation to the longitudinal bore 4, that is to say the transition between the in the longitudinal bore 4 guided shaft portion 7 and the purpose constricted shaft portion 14 before the mouth of the guide portion 8 of the longitudinal bore 4, and thus within the guide portion 8 of the longitudinal bore 4.
  • the liquid ring forming in the annular space 20 is due to the gradual, pressure jumps avoiding or at least re Duplasticden cross-sectional transitions from the pressure chamber 9 to the annular gap between the shaft portion 7 and the guide portion 8 as a "guard ring" against the formation of Kavitationsbläschen in the transition to the annular gap and in the annular gap to understand the necessary even when opening the nozzle needle from the annular gap gas bubbles Free space for a possible implosion of the same in the remote area, so that cavitation damage to the nozzle shaft are at least largely avoided.
  • the distance 21 of the guided shaft portion 7 of the nozzle needle 5 from the transition of the longitudinal bore 4 of the nozzle body 2 to the pressure chamber 9 a fraction of the diameter 22 of the guide portion 8 of the nozzle body 2 corresponds.
  • a preferred size ratio is that the size of the distance 21 is one third of the diameter 22 of the longitudinal bore 3. This in conjunction with a cone angle 24 in the range of 70 °, so that there is a relatively flat cross-section of the triangular annular space 20.
  • a waist diameter 23 proves to be useful for the constricted shaft portion 14, which is greater than half the diameter of the lying in the nozzle body 2 guide portion of the longitudinal bore 4, and in particular at about two-thirds of the diameter 22 of the guide portion 8 of the longitudinal bore , And thus the diameter of the guided shaft portion 7 is located.
  • the supplied via the annular space 16 fuel is thus introduced in the amount of the annular region 25 via the nozzle body 2 and the seat 11 of the nozzle body 2 towards tapered annular gap, the annular gap between seat 11 and sealing surface 18 and the nozzle needle tip 17 in the blind hole, from the injection openings 6 go out.
  • the stepped transition for taking place via the annular space 16 fuel supply to the blind hole allows a good command of the flow conditions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kraftstoff-Einspritzdüse für Brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere selbstzündende Brennkraftmaschinen, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1, wie z.B. in der DE 3 938 551 gezeigt.The invention relates to a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, in particular auto-igniting internal combustion engines, according to the preamble of claim 1, such as in the DE 3,938,551 shown.

Im Grundaufbau ähnliche Einspritzdüsen, insbesondere auch als Teile von Injektoren, sind in unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltungen bekannt.In the basic structure similar injection nozzles, especially as parts of injectors, are known in different configurations.

So zeigt die DE 32 27 742 A1 eine Einspritzdüse, bei der die mit einem Schaftabschnitt in einer Längsbohrung eines Führungskörpers geführte Düsennadel anschließend an diesen Schaftabschnitt einen im Durchmesser reduzierten, zylindrischen und den Druckraum durchsetzenden Schaftabschnitt aufweist und die Kraftstoffzuführung auf den Druckraum stirnseitig axial erfolgt. Ebenfalls stirnseitig zum Druckraum ist der Führungskörper mit einer den Ansatz des im Durchmesser reduzierten Schaftabschnittes zum geführten Schaftabschnitt umschließenden "Ringkragen" als Führungsteil für eine am Führungskörper abgestützte, die Düsennadel in Richtung auf ihre Schließlage axial beaufschlagende Schraubenfeder ausgebildet.That's how it shows DE 32 27 742 A1 an injection nozzle, in which the guided with a shaft portion in a longitudinal bore of a guide body nozzle needle has a diameter reduced, cylindrical and the pressure chamber passing through the shaft portion of this shaft portion and the fuel supply to the pressure chamber axially on the front side. Also frontally to the pressure chamber of the guide body with a neck of the reduced diameter shaft portion to the guided shaft portion enclosing "ring collar" as a guide part for a supported on the guide body, the nozzle needle in the direction of its closed position axially acting coil spring is formed.

Weiter zeigt die EP 1 026 393 A2 als Teil eines Injektors eine Einspritzdüse mit einem an einen Düsenkörper anschließenden Steuerkörper. Düsenkörper und Steuerkörper sind zentral mit axial ineinander übergehenden Bohrungen für die Düsennadel und einen Druckkolben versehen, der im Steuerkörper liegt und mit der Düsennadel über eine Druckstange verbunden ist. Die Druckstange durchsetzt einen Druckraum, auf den umfangsseitig, also radial von außen ein Kraftstoffzufuhrkanal mündet, und zwar im axialen Übergangsbereich zwischen Steuerkörper und Düsenkörper derart, dass diese gegeneinander offene Bereiche des Kraftstoffzufuhrkanals und des Druckraumes begrenzen, auf dessen dem Steuerkörper zugehörigen Teil die den Druckkolben aufnehmende Axialbohrung mündet, bei in der Schließlage der Düsennadel zur Mündung angrenzend stufig abgesetzter Lage des Druckkolbens. Durch die radiale Ausrichtung des Kraftstoffzufuhrkanals zum Druckraum sollen Kerbspannungen an der Mündungsstelle vermieden werden, ferner eine große Hochdruck-und Schwellfestigkeit erreicht werden.Next shows the EP 1 026 393 A2 as part of an injector, an injection nozzle with a control body adjoining a nozzle body. Nozzle body and control body are central provided with axially merging holes for the nozzle needle and a pressure piston which is located in the control body and is connected to the nozzle needle via a push rod. The push rod passes through a pressure chamber, on the circumferential side, ie radially from the outside, a fuel supply channel opens, in the axial transition region between the control body and nozzle body such that these mutually open areas of the fuel supply channel and the pressure chamber limit, on whose the control body associated part of the pressure piston receiving axial bore opens, in the closed position of the nozzle needle to the mouth adjacent tiered stepped position of the pressure piston. Due to the radial orientation of the fuel supply channel to the pressure chamber notch stresses at the point of discharge should be avoided, also a high pressure and swelling resistance can be achieved.

Bei einem Kraftstoffeinspritzventil gemäß der DE 196 11 884 A1 ist der Düsenkörper ebenfalls mit einer auf den Druckraum auslaufenden Führungsbohrung für die Düsennadel ausgebildet, die einen in der Führungsbohrung verlaufenden Schaftabschnitt aufweist, der einlaufend in den Druckraum in einen im Durchmesser verringerten Schaftabschnitt übergeht. Dadurch entsteht auslaufend zur Führungsbohrung zwischen dieser und dem Schaft der Düsennadel ein gegen den Druckraum offener, spaltartiger Ringraum. Dieser dient dazu, bei auf den Druckraum unter einem spitzen Winkel zur Düsennadel und benachbart zu dieser einlaufendem Kraftstoffzufuhrkanal den zwischen der Führungsbohrung und dem Kraftstoffzufuhrkanal verbleibenden Zwickelbereich des Düsenkörpers dadurch zu entlasten, dass zu den schwellenden Druckkräften im Kraftstoffzufuhrkanal überlagert ausgehend vom Druckraum im spaltartigen Ringraum entsprechende Gegenkräfte aufgebaut werden können.In a fuel injection valve according to the DE 196 11 884 A1 the nozzle body is also formed with an expiring on the pressure chamber guide bore for the nozzle needle, which has a running in the guide bore shaft portion, which merges incoming into the pressure chamber in a reduced diameter shaft portion. As a result, a gap-like annular space opens out to the guide bore between the latter and the shaft of the nozzle needle and opens up against the pressure chamber. This serves to relieve at the pressure chamber at an acute angle to the nozzle needle and adjacent to this incoming fuel supply channel remaining between the guide bore and the fuel supply channel gusset region of the nozzle body that superimposed on the swelling pressure forces in the fuel supply channel starting from the pressure chamber in the gap-like annulus Counterforces can be built.

Auch bei der EP 0 961 024 A1 , die eine Brennstoffeinspritzdüse für einen Zweitakt-Großdieselmotor zeigt, und bei der die Kraftstoffzufuhr über zwei hintereinander liegende Düsen gesteuert wird. Um die mit ihrer Düsennadel die Spritzöffnungen steuernde zweite Düse mit möglichst kleinem Sacklochvolumen gestalten zu können und dadurch ein Nachtropfen zu verhindern, ist die Düsennadel der zweiten Düse im Durchmesser gestuft. Der im Durchmesser größere Schaftabschnitt der Düsennadel liegt in einer Führungsbohrung und geht im Mündungsbereich der Führungsbohrung auf den Druckraum auf den im Durchmesser kleineren Schaftabschnitt über. Auch hier erfolgt die Kraftstoffzufuhr auf den Druckraum über spitzwinklig zur Düsennadel verlaufende und benachbart zum Mündungsbereich auf den Druckraum einlaufende Kraftstoffzufuhrkanäle, so dass sich gefährdete und durch beidseitige Druckbeaufschlagung zu entlastende Zwickelbereiche ergeben.Also at the EP 0 961 024 A1 , which shows a fuel injector for a two-stroke large diesel engine, and in which the fuel supply is controlled by two nozzles located one behind the other. To be able to design the second nozzle with the smallest possible blind hole volume with its nozzle needle controlling the spray openings and thereby prevent dripping, the nozzle needle of the second nozzle is stepped in diameter. The larger diameter shaft portion of the nozzle needle is located in a guide bore and passes in the mouth region of the guide bore on the pressure chamber on the smaller diameter shaft portion. Again, the fuel supply to the pressure chamber via acute angle to the nozzle needle extending and adjacent to the mouth region on the pressure chamber incoming fuel supply channels, so that there are vulnerable and to be relieved by two-sided pressurization gusset areas.

Vergleichbare Verhältnisse sind auch bei einer aus der JP 58-13154 A ersichtlichen Einspritzdüse gegeben.Comparable conditions are also at one of the JP 58-13154 A apparent injection nozzle given.

Im Grundaufbau dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 entsprechende Kraftstoff-Einspritzdüsen sind beispielsweise aus der DE 39 38 551 A1 bekannt. Bei den hohen Einspritzdrücken, mit denen zunehmend gearbeitet wird, sind solche Einspritzdüsen kavitationsgefährdet, insbesondere bei Ausbildung lokaler Druckdifferenzen. Eine diesbzüglich kritische Zone ist der Übergangsbereich vom in der Längsbohrung des Düsenkörpers geführten Schaftabschnitt der Düsennadel auf deren im Durchmesser reduzierten, den Druckraum durchsetzenden Schaftabschnitt. In Verbindung mit der im Wesentlichen radialen Anströmung des in den Druckraum ragenden Teiles des zum Führungsabschnitt korrespondierenden Schaftabschnittes und der an diesen anschließenden gewölbten Druckschulter des eingeschnürten Schaftabschnittes sich ergebende Druckunterschiede haben, wie die Praxis gezeigt hat, eine Zone niedrigen Druckes zur Folge, die im auf die Druckschulter übergehenden Teil des zum Führungsabschnitt korrespondierenden Schaftabschnittes zu Kavitationsschäden führen kann.In the basic structure of the preamble of claim 1 corresponding fuel injectors are for example from the DE 39 38 551 A1 known. At the high injection pressures, which are increasingly being used, such injection nozzles are cavitation-prone, in particular when local pressure differences are formed. A nichtzu critical zone is the transition region of guided in the longitudinal bore of the nozzle body shaft portion of the nozzle needle on the reduced diameter, the pressure chamber passing through shaft portion. In conjunction with the substantially radial flow of the projecting into the pressure chamber portion of the guide portion corresponding to the shaft portion and the subsequent thereto curved arched pressure shoulder of the constricted shaft portion resulting pressure differences, like Practice has shown a zone of low pressure result, which can lead to cavitation damage in merging on the pressure shoulder portion of the guide portion corresponding shaft portion.

Aus der DE 195 15 936 A1 ist es bezogen auf ähnliche Durchströmungsverhältnisse für einen auf einen geführten Schaftabschnitt folgenden, eingeschnürten Schaftabschnitt einer Ventilnadel einer Durchströmungsmittel-Steuervorrichtung bekannt, durch tangentiale Anströmung des Druckraumes eine spiral- oder schraubenlinienförmige Umströmung des Ventilschaftes zu erreichen, um lokale Druckdifferenzen und daraus etwa folgende Kavitationsschäden zu vermeiden.From the DE 195 15 936 A1 it is based on similar flow conditions for a following on a guided shaft portion, constricted shaft portion of a valve needle Durchströmungsmittel control device known to achieve by tangential flow of the pressure chamber, a spiral or helical flow around the valve stem to avoid local pressure differences and about cavitation damage ,

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, für eine Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse der eingangs genannten Art eine Ausbildung vorzuschlagen, mit der sich Kavitationsschäden insbesondere im Bereich des Überganges vom im Führungsabschnitt der Längsbohrung geführten Schaftabschnitt der Düsennadel auf deren eingeschnürten Schaftabschnitt vermeiden lassen.The invention has for its object to provide a training for a fuel injector of the type mentioned, with the cavitation damage can be avoided in particular in the transition area of guided in the guide portion of the longitudinal bore shaft portion of the nozzle needle on the constricted shaft portion.

Erreicht wird dies mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1. Die Unteransprüche enthalten zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen.This is achieved with the features of claim 1. The dependent claims contain expedient developments.

In Berücksichtigung der vorgegebenen Gestaltungsmerkmale und Abmessungen ergibt sich auslaufend vom Führungsabschnitt der Längsbohrung ein radial nach außen abgegrenzter, axial gegen den Druckraum offener Ringraum, in dem sich ein zumindest bezüglich der Druckverhältnisse weitgehend abgeglichener, auf gegenüber den Druckspitzen im Druckraum niedrigerem Niveau liegender Flüssigkeitsring bilden kann.Taking into account the given design features and dimensions results from the leading portion of the longitudinal bore radially outwardly delimited, axially against the pressure chamber open annular space in which a largely balanced at least with respect to the pressure ratios, lying on opposite the pressure peaks in the pressure chamber lower level liquid ring can form ,

Dieser hat einen allmählichen Druckübergang vom Druckraum auf den Ringspalt zwischen dem Schaftabschnitt der Düsennadel und dem Führungsabschnitt der Längsbohrung zur Folge. Damit ergibt sich eine gewisse Schutzfunktion, einmal gegen die Bildung von Gasbläschen im Übergang vom Druckraum auf den Ringspalt und im Ringspalt, und zum andern auch hinsichtlich der Kavitationsschäden verursachenden Implosion von aus dem Ringspalt austretenden Gasbläschen, wenn die Düsennadel geöffnet wird. So wird zunächst die Bildung von Gasbläschen zumindest verringert und zum anderen steht für aus dem Ringspalt auf den Ringraum beim Öffnen der Düsennadel austretende Glasbläschen innerhalb des Ringraumes auch ein größeres Flüssigkeitsvolumen als im Ringspalt zur Verfügung, so dass es kaum zu wandnahen Implosionen kommt. Wesentlich ist für die zumindest weitgehende Vermeidung von Kavitationsschäden auch der sich verlaufend in Richtung auf den Ringspalt ergebende Druckabfall, entsprechend der Querschnittsverringerung des Ringraumes zum Ringspalt.This has a gradual pressure transition from the pressure chamber to the annular gap between the shaft portion of the nozzle needle and the guide portion of the longitudinal bore result. This results in a certain protective function, once against the formation of gas bubbles in the transition from the pressure chamber to the annular gap and in the annular gap, and on the other also with respect to the cavitation damage causing implosion emerging from the annular gap gas bubbles when the nozzle needle is opened. Thus, at least the formation of gas bubbles is at least reduced and, secondly, a larger liquid volume than in the annular gap is available for glass bubbles emerging from the annular gap on the annular space when opening the nozzle needle within the annular space, so that implosions hardly occur close to the wall. It is essential for the at least largely avoid cavitation damage and the resulting in the direction of the annular gap pressure drop, corresponding to the cross-sectional reduction of the annular space to the annular gap.

Diese Querschnittsverringerung ist bestimmt durch den geringen, einem Drittel des Durchmessers der Längsbohrung entsprechenden Abstand vom Übergang des Führungsabschnittes der Längsbohrung auf den Druckraum zum benachbarten Ende des geführten Schaftabschnittes der Düsennadel sowie den bei 70° liegenden Kegelwinkel des eingeschnürten Schaftabschnittes. Ferner durch die Kraftstoffzuführung auf den Druckraum in radialer Überdeckung zur Taille der Einschnürung, da so auch, in Verbindung mit der asymmetrichen Anströmung der Düsennadel, eine Verringerung der Druckunterschiede im Druckraum zu erreichen ist. Eine solche Ausgestaltung ist ohne wesentliche Verringerung der Länge des geführten Schaftabschnittes oder einen verlängerten Düsenaufbau zu realisierenThis reduction in cross-section is determined by the small, one third of the diameter of the longitudinal bore corresponding distance from the transition of the guide portion of the longitudinal bore on the pressure chamber to the adjacent end of the guided shaft portion of the nozzle needle and lying at 70 ° cone angle of the constricted shaft portion. Further, by the fuel supply to the pressure chamber in radial overlap to the waist of the constriction, as well as, in conjunction with the asymmetrical flow of the nozzle needle, a reduction in pressure differences in the pressure chamber can be achieved. Such a configuration can be realized without substantially reducing the length of the guided shaft portion or an extended nozzle structure

Weitere Einzelheiten und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung, den Ansprüchen und den Zeichnungen. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
in vereinfachter Darstellung einen Querschnitt durch eine Kraftstoff-Einspritzdüse zeigt, und
Fig. 2
in vergrößerter Darstellung den auf die Sacklochbohrung ausgehend von der Taillierung auf die Nadelspitze auslaufenden Abschnitt des Schaftes der Düsennadel.
Further details and features of the invention will become apparent from the description, the claims and the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
in a simplified representation shows a cross section through a fuel injector, and
Fig. 2
in an enlarged view of the blind hole starting from the sidecut on the needle tip expiring portion of the shaft of the nozzle needle.

In Fig. 1 ist der auf den Brennraum der nicht gezeigten Brennkraftmaschine einspritzende Teil einer Einspritzdüse 1 für Kraftstoffe, insbesondere Dieselkraftstoffe, schematisiert dargestellt, der insbesondere auch Bestandteil eines Kraftstoffinjektors sein kann. Die Einspritzdüse 1 weist einen Düsenkörper 2 auf, der eine in Richtung seiner Längsachse 3 verlaufende Längsbohrung 4 mit Abschnitten unterschiedlichen Durchmessers aufweist. Die Längsbohrung 4 nimmt eine Düsennadel 5 auf und läuft auf im brennraumseitigen Ende des Düsenkörpers 2 vorgesehene Einspritzöffnungen 6 aus.In Fig. 1 the injecting onto the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, not shown part of an injection nozzle 1 for fuels, especially diesel fuels, shown schematically, which may in particular also be part of a fuel injector. The injection nozzle 1 has a nozzle body 2, which has a longitudinal bore 4 extending in the direction of its longitudinal axis 3 with sections of different diameters. The longitudinal bore 4 receives a nozzle needle 5 and runs in the combustion chamber end of the nozzle body 2 provided injection openings 6.

Die Düsennadel 5 weist einen gegebenenfalls mit Mikrorillen versehenen Schaftabschnitt 7 auf, mit dem sie in einem Führungsabschnitt 8 der Längsbohrung 4 des Düsenkörpers 2 in Richtung der Längsachse 3 axial verschieblich geführt ist. Dieser Führungsabschnitt 8 mündet auf einen im Durchmesser erweiterten und als Druckraum 9 ausgebildeten Teil der Längsbohrung 4 aus, an den ein weiterer Abschnitt 10 der Längsbohrung 4 anschließt, der über eine bohrungsseitige Sitzfläche 11 sich verjüngend auf die Einspritzöffnungen 6 ausläuft.The nozzle needle 5 has an optionally provided with microgrooves shaft portion 7, with which it is guided axially displaceably in a guide portion 8 of the longitudinal bore 4 of the nozzle body 2 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 3. This guide section 8 opens onto an enlarged in diameter and formed as a pressure chamber 9 part of the longitudinal bore 4, to which a further portion 10 of the longitudinal bore 4 connects, which tapers via a bore-side seat 11 to the injection openings 6.

Mit 12 ist ein axial verlaufender Kraftstoffzufuhrkanal bezeichnet, der radial auf den Druckraum 9 ausmündet, wobei die Kraftstoffzuführung im Ausführungsbeispiel über zwei Mündungsöffnungen 13 asymmetrisch auf den Druckraum 9 erfolgt, der von einem an den geführten Schaftabschnitt 7 anschließenden und radial eingeschnürten Schaftabschnitt 14 der Düsennadel 5 durchsetzt ist. An den über dem Verlauf der Längsachse 3 verlaufend eingeschnürten Schaftabschnitt 14 schließt ein weiterer Schaftabschnitt 15 an, der im Durchmesser gegenüber dem Schaftabschnitt 7 reduziert ist und der zum Umfang der Längsbohrung 4 einen Ringraum 16 abgrenzt, über den die Kraftstoffzufuhr vom Druckraum 9 in Richtung auf die Sitzfläche 11 des Düsenkörpers 2 erfolgt, zu der die Düsennadel 5 benachbart zu ihrer Düsennadelspitze 17 eine korrespondierende Dichtfläche 18 aufweist.With 12 an axially extending fuel supply passage is designated, which opens radially to the pressure chamber 9, wherein the fuel supply in the embodiment via two mouth openings 13 takes place asymmetrically on the pressure chamber 9, which is followed by a guided to the shaft portion 7 and radially constricted shaft portion 14 of the nozzle needle 5 is interspersed. At the over the course of the longitudinal axis 3 extending constricted shaft portion 14 includes another shaft portion 15 which is reduced in diameter relative to the shaft portion 7 and the periphery of the longitudinal bore 4 defines an annular space 16, via the fuel supply from the pressure chamber 9 in the direction the seat surface 11 of the nozzle body 2 takes place, to which the nozzle needle 5 adjacent to its nozzle needle tip 17 has a corresponding sealing surface 18.

Bei in Schließstellung befindlicher Düsennadel 5 ist über die aneinander anliegenden Flächen 11 und 18 der Kraftstoffzulauf auf die Einspritzöffnungen 6 gesperrt. Wird die Düsennadel 5 aus ihrem Sitz angehoben, so wird über die Einspritzöffnungen 6 Kraftstoff auf den jeweiligen Brennraum eingespritzt, bei Zuführung von Kraftstoff über die Mündungsöffnungen 13 auf den Druckraum 9 im Bereich der Taille 19 des eingeschnürten Schaftabschnittes 14. Die Taille 19 liegt in radialer Überdeckung zu den Mündungsöffnungen 13, die bezogen auf den Umfang des Druckraumes 9 asymmetrisch versetzt zur Längsachse 3 und in Umfangsrichtung gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet sind, so dass sich strömungsbedingt, zumindest über den Umfangsbereich des Druckraumes 9, auf unterschiedlichem Druckniveau liegende Bereiche ergeben. Dies kann bei entsprechenden Druckunterschieden zur Ausbildung von Kavitationsbläschen in dem oder den jeweiligen Unterdruckbereichen führen, die bei wandnaher Implosion im Bereich höherer Drücke zur Beschädigung der jeweiligen Oberfläche führen können. Kritisch sind solche Schäden insbesondere im in der Längsbohrung 4 geführten Schaftabschnitt 7 der Düsennadel 5, vor allem wenn sie an der Düsennadel 5 auftreten.When the nozzle needle 5 is in the closed position, the fuel supply to the injection openings 6 is blocked by the abutting surfaces 11 and 18. If the nozzle needle 5 is lifted out of its seat, then fuel is injected via the injection openings 6 to the respective combustion chamber, when fuel is supplied via the mouth openings 13 to the pressure chamber 9 in the region of the waist 19 of the constricted shaft portion 14. The waist 19 lies in radial Covering the mouth openings 13, which are arranged offset relative to the longitudinal axis 3 and circumferentially offset from each other with respect to the circumference of the pressure chamber 9, so that due to flow, at least over the peripheral region of the pressure chamber 9, resulting at different pressure levels areas. This can lead to the formation of cavitation bubbles in the respective negative pressure regions, which can lead to damage of the respective surface in the area of higher pressures in the case of near-wall implosion with corresponding pressure differences. Such damage is critical in particular in the guided in the longitudinal bore 4 shaft portion 7 of the nozzle needle 5, especially if they occur at the nozzle needle 5.

Erfindungsgemäß ist ein zumindest weitgehender Schutz dieses Bereiches gegen Kavitationsschäden dadurch erreicht, dass der in der Längsbohrung 4 des Düsenkörpers 2 geführte Schaftabschnitt 7 beabstandet zur Mündung der Längsbohrung 4 auf den gegenüber der Längsbohrung 4 radial erweiterten Druckraum 9 endet, dass also der Übergang zwischen dem in der Längsbohrung 4 geführten Schaftabschnitt 7 und dem hierzu eingeschnürten Schaftabschnitt 14 vor der Einmündung des Führungsabschnittes 8 der Längsbohrung 4 liegt, und damit innerhalb des Führungsabschnittes 8 der Längsbohrung 4. Hierdurch ergibt sich einlaufend vom Druckraum 9 auf den Führungsabschnitt 8 umschließend zum Anschlussbereich des eingeschnürten Schaftabschnittes 14 an den geführten Schaftabschnitt 7 ein Ringraum 20, insbesondere ein flach dreiecksförmiger Ringraum 20. Funktional ist der im Ringraum 20 sich bildende Flüssigkeitsring aufgrund der allmählichen, Drucksprünge vermeidenden oder zumindest reduzierenden Querschnittsübergänge vom Druckraum 9 auf den Ringspalt zwischen dem Schaftabschnitt 7 und dem Führungsabschnitt 8 als "Schutzring" gegen die Entstehung von Kavitationsbläschen im Übergang auf den Ringspalt und im Ringspalt zu verstehen, der auch für beim Öffnen der Düsennadel aus dem Ringspalt austretende Gasbläschen den nötigen Freiraum für eine etwaige Implosion derselben im wandfernen Bereich lässt, so dass Kaviationsschäden am Düsenschaft zumindest weitgehend vermieden werden.According to the invention, at least substantial protection of this area against cavitation damage is achieved in that the shaft section 7 guided in the longitudinal bore 4 of the nozzle body 2 ends at a distance from the mouth of the longitudinal bore 4 on the pressure chamber 9 which is radially widened in relation to the longitudinal bore 4, that is to say the transition between the in the longitudinal bore 4 guided shaft portion 7 and the purpose constricted shaft portion 14 before the mouth of the guide portion 8 of the longitudinal bore 4, and thus within the guide portion 8 of the longitudinal bore 4. This results in incoming from the pressure chamber 9 on the guide portion 8 enclosing the connection region of the constricted shaft portion 14 to the guided shaft portion 7, an annular space 20, in particular a flat triangular annular space 20. Functionally, the liquid ring forming in the annular space 20 is due to the gradual, pressure jumps avoiding or at least re Duzierenden cross-sectional transitions from the pressure chamber 9 to the annular gap between the shaft portion 7 and the guide portion 8 as a "guard ring" against the formation of Kavitationsbläschen in the transition to the annular gap and in the annular gap to understand the necessary even when opening the nozzle needle from the annular gap gas bubbles Free space for a possible implosion of the same in the remote area, so that cavitation damage to the nozzle shaft are at least largely avoided.

Ungeachtet der teils auf theoretischen Überlegungen basierenden Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen Effektes hat sich in der Praxis die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung als zielführend erwiesen und als geeignet, Kavitationsschäden im angesprochenen Bereich zumindest im Wesentlichen zu vermeiden.Notwithstanding the explanation of the effect according to the invention, which is based in part on theoretical considerations, in practice the embodiment according to the invention has proven to be expedient and suitable for at least substantially avoiding cavitation damage in the area mentioned.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung erweist es sich als zweckmäßig und ausreichend, wenn der Abstand 21 des geführten Schaftabschnittes 7 der Düsennadel 5 vom Übergang der Längsbohrung 4 des Düsenkörpers 2 auf den Druckraum 9 einem Bruchteil des Durchmessers 22 des Führungsabschnittes 8 des Düsenkörpers 2 entspricht. Ein bevorzugtes Größenverhältnis ist, dass die Größe des Abstandes 21 bei einem Drittel des Durchmessers 22 der Längsbohrung 3 liegt. Dies in Verbindung mit einem Kegelwinkel 24 im Bereich um 70°, so dass sich ein verhältnismäßig flacher Querschnitt des dreieckförmigen Ringraumes 20 ergibt.In the context of the invention, it proves to be expedient and sufficient if the distance 21 of the guided shaft portion 7 of the nozzle needle 5 from the transition of the longitudinal bore 4 of the nozzle body 2 to the pressure chamber 9 a fraction of the diameter 22 of the guide portion 8 of the nozzle body 2 corresponds. A preferred size ratio is that the size of the distance 21 is one third of the diameter 22 of the longitudinal bore 3. This in conjunction with a cone angle 24 in the range of 70 °, so that there is a relatively flat cross-section of the triangular annular space 20.

Insbesondere in Verbindung mit solchen Größenverhältnissen erweist sich für den eingeschnürten Schachtabschnitt 14 ein Taillendurchmesser 23 als zweckmäßig, der größer ist als der halbe Durchmesser des im Düsenkörper 2 liegenden Führungsabschnittes der Längsbohrung 4, und insbesondere bei etwa zwei Drittel des Durchmessers 22 des Führungsabschnittes 8 der Längsbohrung, und damit auch des Durchmessers des geführten Schaftabschnittes 7 liegt.In particular, in conjunction with such proportions, a waist diameter 23 proves to be useful for the constricted shaft portion 14, which is greater than half the diameter of the lying in the nozzle body 2 guide portion of the longitudinal bore 4, and in particular at about two-thirds of the diameter 22 of the guide portion 8 of the longitudinal bore , And thus the diameter of the guided shaft portion 7 is located.

In der vergrößerten Darstellung des auf die Düsennadelspitze 17 auslaufenden Teiles der Düsennadel 5 gemäß Fig. 2 ist ergänzend zur Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1 und den dort verwendeten Bezugszeichen, sowie den Erläuterungen hierzu, der Bereich um die Düsennadelspitze 17 gezeigt. So ist veranschaulicht, dass die zur Sitzfläche 11 am Düsenkörper 2 korrespondierende, nadelseitige Dichtfläche 18 zwischen einem an den Schaftabschnitt 15 anschließenden, sich gegen die Düsennadelspitze 17 verjüngenden, kegelstumpfförmigen Ringbereich 25 und der Düsennadelspitze 17 liegt, wobei für den kegelstumpfförmigen Ringbereich 25, die ringförmige Dichtfläche 18 und die Düsennadelspitze 17 die jeweiligen Kegelwinkel 26 bis 28 angegeben sind. Diese nehmen in ihrer jeweiligen Winkelgröße ausgehend vom Kegelwinkel 26 der Düsennadelspitze 17 ab, wobei die bevorzugten Werte für den Kegelwinkel 26 der Düsennadelspitze 17 bei 120°, für den Kegelwinkel 27 der Dichtfläche 18 bei 90° und für den Kegelwinkel 28 - als sogenanntem Vorwinkeldes Ringbereiches 25 bei 75° liegen. Dies in Verbindung mit einer Ausgestaltung der Einspritzdüse gemäß Fig. 1, bei der der den Schaftabschnitt 15 aufnehmende, den Ringraum 16 umgrenzende Abschnitt 10 der Längsbohrung in Höhe des Ringbereiches 25 endet und gegen den Ringbereich 25 eingeschnürt, insbesondere in einer Stufe, ausläuft. Der über den Ringraum 16 zugeführte Kraftstoff wird somit in Höhe des Ringbereiches 25 über den zum Düsenkörper 2 gegebenen und zur Sitzfläche 11 des Düsenkörpers 2 hin sich verjüngenden Ringspalt, den Ringspalt zwischen Sitzfläche 11 und Dichtfläche 18 sowie die Düsennadelspitze 17 in die Sacklochbohrung eingeleitet, von der die Einspritzöffnungen 6 ausgehen. Der gestuft verlaufende Übergang für die über den Ringraum 16 erfolgende Kraftstoffzuführung auf das Sackloch ermöglicht eine gute Beherrschung der Strömungsverhältnisse.In the enlarged view of the expiring on the nozzle needle tip 17 part of the nozzle needle 5 according to Fig. 2 is in addition to the presentation in accordance with Fig. 1 and the references used there, as well as the explanations thereto, the area around the nozzle needle tip 17 shown. It is thus illustrated that the needle-side sealing surface 18 corresponding to the seat surface 11 on the nozzle body 2 lies between a frustoconical annular region 25 and the nozzle needle tip 17, which adjoins the shaft section 15 and tapers against the nozzle needle tip 17, wherein the annular frustum-shaped annular region 25 Sealing surface 18 and the nozzle needle tip 17, the respective cone angle 26 to 28 are indicated. These decrease in their respective angular size, starting from the cone angle 26 of the nozzle needle tip 17, wherein the preferred values for the cone angle 26 of the nozzle needle tip 17 at 120 °, for the cone angle 27 of the sealing surface 18 at 90 ° and for the cone angle 28 - as so-called Vorwinkeldeld the ring area 25 at 75 °. This in conjunction with an embodiment of the injection nozzle according to Fig. 1 in which the portion 10 of the longitudinal bore, which accommodates the shaft portion 15 and delimits the annular space 16, ends at the level of the annular area 25 and constricts against the annular area 25, in particular in one step. The supplied via the annular space 16 fuel is thus introduced in the amount of the annular region 25 via the nozzle body 2 and the seat 11 of the nozzle body 2 towards tapered annular gap, the annular gap between seat 11 and sealing surface 18 and the nozzle needle tip 17 in the blind hole, from the injection openings 6 go out. The stepped transition for taking place via the annular space 16 fuel supply to the blind hole allows a good command of the flow conditions.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Einspritzdüseinjection
22
Düsenkörpernozzle body
33
Längsachselongitudinal axis
44
Längsbohrunglongitudinal bore
55
Düsennadelnozzle needle
66
EinspritzöffnungInjection port
77
Schaftabschnittshank portion
88th
Führungsabschnittguide section
99
Druckraumpressure chamber
1010
Abschnittsection
1111
Sitzflächeseat
1212
KraftstoffzufuhrkanalFuel supply passage
1313
Mündungsöffnungmouth
1414
Schaftabschnittshank portion
1515
Schaftabschnittshank portion
1616
Ringraumannulus
1717
DüsennadelspitzeNozzle needle tip
1818
Dichtflächesealing surface
1919
Taillewaist
2020
Ringraumannulus
2121
Abstanddistance
2222
Durchmesserdiameter
2323
TaillendurchmesserWaist diameter
2424
Kegelwinkelcone angle
2525
Ringbereichring area
2626
Kegelwinkelcone angle
2727
Kegelwinkelcone angle
2828
Kegelwinkelcone angle

Claims (3)

  1. Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines, in particular auto-ignition internal combustion engines, with a longitudinal bore (4) which accommodates a nozzle needle (5), runs in a nozzle body (2) and tapers off from a guide section (8) for the nozzle needle (5) via a region expanded to form a pressure space (9) onto at least one injection opening (6), wherein the nozzle needle (5) has a guided shank section (7) which corresponds to the guide section (8) and which is adjoined, as a bridge to a shank part (15) tapering off onto the nozzle needle seat, by a shank section (14) which has a constricted diameter and passes through the pressure space (9), to which at least one fuel supply means (12) leads asymmetrically on the circumferential side, characterized in that that shank section of the nozzle needle (5) which is located in the guide section (8) of the nozzle body (2) ends, in relation to the closed position of said nozzle needle, at a distance from the transition of the longitudinal bore (4) into the pressure space (9) within the longitudinal bore (4), which transition is located at a third of the diameter (22) of the longitudinal bore (4), and in that the constricted shank section (14) adjoins the guided shank section (7) at an angle of taper (24) of around 70°, wherein the fuel supply means (12) leads to the pressure space (9) in a radial overlap with the waist (19) of the constricted shank section (14).
  2. Fuel injection nozzle according to Claim 1, characterized in that the diameter (23) of the waist (19) of the constricted shank section (14) is larger than half the diameter (22) of the longitudinal bore (4).
  3. Fuel injection nozzle according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameter (23) of the waist (19) of the constricted shank section (14) is located at two thirds of the diameter (22) of the longitudinal bore (4).
EP10781443.6A 2009-11-25 2010-11-23 Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines Active EP2504561B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009054441A DE102009054441A1 (en) 2009-11-25 2009-11-25 Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines
PCT/EP2010/007086 WO2011063929A1 (en) 2009-11-25 2010-11-23 Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines

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EP2504561A1 EP2504561A1 (en) 2012-10-03
EP2504561B1 true EP2504561B1 (en) 2015-01-14

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EP (1) EP2504561B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101682346B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102725511B (en)
DE (1) DE102009054441A1 (en)
DK (1) DK2504561T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2011063929A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2669504A1 (en) 2012-05-30 2013-12-04 Caterpillar Motoren GmbH & Co. KG Plunger for an internal combustion engine fuel pump

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1206632A (en) * 1967-05-23 1970-09-23 Cav Ltd Liquid fuel injection nozzle units
US3806041A (en) * 1972-04-24 1974-04-23 Stanadyne Inc Fuel injector
DE2711350A1 (en) * 1977-03-16 1978-09-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE FOR COMBUSTION MACHINES
JPS5813154A (en) 1981-07-16 1983-01-25 Katsunobu Kano Injection nozzle for diesel engine
AT378242B (en) * 1981-07-31 1985-07-10 Berchtold Max Prof FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, ESPECIALLY DIESEL ENGINES
DE3937917A1 (en) * 1989-11-15 1991-05-16 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag METHOD FOR INTERMITTENTLY INJECTING FUEL INTO THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THIS METHOD
DE3938551A1 (en) 1989-11-21 1991-05-23 Bosch Gmbh Robert IC engine fuel injection nozzle - has longitudinal groove in needle valve stem, delivering fuel to seat
US4987887A (en) * 1990-03-28 1991-01-29 Stanadyne Automotive Corp. Fuel injector method and apparatus
JPH07310854A (en) * 1994-05-02 1995-11-28 Caterpillar Inc Method and equipment for reducing cavitation and dynamic unbalance in hydraulic valve
DE19611884A1 (en) * 1996-03-26 1997-10-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection valve for IC engine
DE59814428D1 (en) * 1998-05-29 2010-03-04 Waertsilae Nsd Schweiz Ag fuel injector
DE19904720C2 (en) * 1999-02-05 2003-01-16 Siemens Ag Injector for an injection system of an internal combustion engine
DE10115215A1 (en) * 2001-03-28 2002-10-10 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines
JP2005113889A (en) * 2003-10-10 2005-04-28 Denso Corp Fuel injection nozzle

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WO2011063929A1 (en) 2011-06-03
DE102009054441A1 (en) 2011-06-30
KR101682346B1 (en) 2016-12-05
CN102725511B (en) 2015-10-07
CN102725511A (en) 2012-10-10
KR20120086738A (en) 2012-08-03
DK2504561T3 (en) 2015-04-20
EP2504561A1 (en) 2012-10-03

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