EP2504531B1 - Dispositif thermique pour produire de l'énergie mécanique et/ou électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif thermique pour produire de l'énergie mécanique et/ou électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2504531B1
EP2504531B1 EP10779723.5A EP10779723A EP2504531B1 EP 2504531 B1 EP2504531 B1 EP 2504531B1 EP 10779723 A EP10779723 A EP 10779723A EP 2504531 B1 EP2504531 B1 EP 2504531B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
medium
generator unit
pressure container
expansion
pressure
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
Application number
EP10779723.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2504531A2 (fr
Inventor
Erich Kumpf
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Bems Curd
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Bems Curd
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F01K27/005—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for by means of hydraulic motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B19/00—Machines or pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B17/00
    • F04B19/20—Other positive-displacement pumps
    • F04B19/24—Pumping by heat expansion of pumped fluid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermal device for generating mechanical and / or electrical energy, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • geothermal energy is known in the so-called geothermal power generation, for which, however, sufficiently high temperatures of> 95 ° C are prerequisite.
  • Geothermal energy or geothermal energy is the total energy stored in the form of heat below the Earth's surface. While the temperatures in the upper 10 to 20 meters are relatively low with an average of 10 to 12 ° C, the influence of the enormous heat flow from the Earth's interior becomes noticeable with increasing depth. Per hundred meters of depth, the temperature rises by about 3 ° C. Temperatures between 5,000 and 6,000 ° C are suspected in the earth's core itself. This means that in the geothermal power generation considerable depths of about 3000 to 4000 meters must be developed.
  • a thermal device according to the preamble of claim 1 is known in which two pressure vessels are provided, of which the one pressure vessel, a heat medium and the other pressure vessel, a cooling medium is supplied to supply the thermal expansive and contractive medium in its different phases alternately the generator unit ,
  • a corresponding thermal device is from the US 2006/0059912 A1 known.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a thermal device for generating mechanical and / or electrical energy, which manages with considerably lower temperatures and temperature gradients, either naturally occurring or correspondingly generated temperature gradients being used.
  • the temperature working range can be very low, so that the corresponding temperatures can either be taken from naturally available resources without great effort or generated accordingly. It may be sufficient if either the higher or the lower temperature is transferred from a natural resource. All this can be achieved for example by direct sunlight, by the use of day and night temperature, by the temperature differences between sea and land or sea and surface water and also by temperature differences between river and land or the like.
  • the respectively to be generated upper and / or lower temperature limit can or can be generated artificially due to the relatively low temperature gradient in a cost effective manner.
  • the expansion medium is used simultaneously as the working medium and in the other case a separate working medium, for example water or a hydraulic fluid is used.
  • a preferred expansive / contractive medium results from the features of claim 2.
  • water is used or used as the working medium. It can be used as a generator unit known per se water turbine (claim 5).
  • the thermal device can be operated continuously independently of the time required for the heating or cooling.
  • thermal device 10 which serves to generate mechanical and / or electrical energy by exploiting or applying a relatively low temperature gradient in the low temperature range, has a pressure vessel 11, a reservoir 15 and a generator unit 20, by means of mechanical and / or electrical energy is generated.
  • the pressure vessel 11 is filled with an expansive and contractive medium, hereinafter referred to as expansion medium 12, as well as with a working medium 13. Both the expansion medium 12 and the working medium 13 are liquid in the embodiment, wherein the expansion medium 12 can go into a solid phase upon complete contraction.
  • water is used in the embodiment. Since, in this embodiment, the expansion medium 12 has a higher density than the water used for the working medium 13, the water in the pressure vessel 11 is above the expansion medium 12 to prevent mixing of the two media 12 and 13.
  • the percentage expansion of the expansion medium 12 as a function of its temperature is in FIG. 3 exemplified.
  • the expansion medium used is a medium which achieves its greatest expansion or contraction in the phase transformation or in the phase transition from solid to liquid and vice versa. While FIG. 1 the initial state, that is, the contraction state of the expansion medium 12, shows FIG. 2 the expansion state of the expansion medium 12 within the pressure vessel 11th
  • the pressure vessel 11 is connected via a connecting pressure line 21 to the input of the generator unit 20, which is shown here in the form of a water turbine 22 provided with a paddle wheel 23.
  • the connecting pressure line 21 ends with its outlet nozzle 24 within a housing 25 of the generator unit 20 and is directed to the turbine wheel 23.
  • the connecting pressure line 21 is provided for the working fluid 13 with a check valve 26, which only a flow connection from the pressure vessel 11 to the generator unit 20 under a certain pressure of the working medium 13 permits.
  • the reservoir 15 is connected by means of a first connecting line 16 to the pressure vessel 11 and by means of a second connecting line 17 to the output of the generator unit 20 such that the interior of the housing 25 is connected to the reservoir 15.
  • a second check valve 18 is provided which allows only a flow connection from the housing 25 in the reservoir 15 and in the pressure vessel 11 and only if the pressure vessel 11 in Initial state, ie in the contraction state of the expansion medium 12 is substantially depressurized or due to the contraction of the expansion medium 12 is in the negative pressure or at the transition to the negative pressure.
  • the expansion medium 12 is at, for example, a temperature of + 5 ° C in an initial state in which the expansion medium 12 has its smallest volume, possibly in a solid state.
  • a temperature of, for example, + 7 ° C may be selected, in which the expansion medium 12 may have a slight but not its smallest volume, possibly in an already liquid state of matter.
  • FIG. 1 this output or contraction state, according to which the pressure vessel 11 is completely filled with the expansion medium 12 and the working medium 13 without pressure.
  • the selected volume of the working medium 13 is greater than the volume difference between the volume of the expansion medium 12 in Initial state and the volume of the expansion medium 12 in the fully expanded state, which is also in the range of FIG. 3 can be chosen. In other words, for example, at an upper temperature limit of + 15 ° C, a volume increase of, for example, about 17% is achieved.
  • the pressureless pressure vessel 11 is filled with the working fluid water accordingly, so that after cooling from + 15 ° C to, for example + 7 ° C of the expansion medium 12, the initial state according to FIG. 1 established.
  • the temperature gradient which is in the range of at least 10 ° C, can be in a temperature range between at least + 5 ° C, preferably at least + 10 ° C, and at most + 50 ° C, preferably at most + 35 ° C.
  • two or more pressure vessels 11 may be provided including their connecting lines 21 to the generator unit 20, so that a continuous driving of the generator unit 20 is possible due to the time-shifted operation of the expansion medium 12 in each of the pressure vessels 11 is.
  • the heating or cooling of the expansion medium 12 to the upper or lower temperature value can be done either by exploiting natural temperature gradients, such as in the soil at different depths, or by exclusively artificially producing these temperatures or by a combination of natural resource and artificially generated heat or heat Cold.
  • FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, in which the working medium 13 has a higher density than the expansion medium 12, which means that the stratification of the two media 12 and 13 is such that the working fluid 13 in the bottom of the pressure vessel 11 'and the Expansion medium 12 is arranged above it.
  • This also means that both the connecting line 21 to the generator unit 20 and the first connecting line 16 from the reservoir 15 'in the pressure vessel 11' through the expansion medium 12 into the lower or bottom region of the pressure vessel 11 'leads.
  • the volume of the working medium 13 is greater than the volume difference between the volume of the expansion medium 12 in the initial state and the volume in the fully expanded state.
  • FIG. 4 also shows an embodiment of pressure vessel 11 'and / or reservoir 15', which in both the embodiment of the FIG. 4 as well as in the embodiment of the FIGS. 1 and 2 can be chosen.
  • the reservoir 15 ' which is provided in both embodiments with a vent 19 and 19' to hold the reservoir pressure, with heat transfer elements, that is, cooling coils 28 equipped to ensure an active lowering or holding the relevant temperature of the working medium 13 ,
  • heat transfer elements that is, cooling coils 28 equipped to ensure an active lowering or holding the relevant temperature of the working medium 13
  • metal mesh 29 may preferably be made of copper in the storage container 15 '.
  • a heat-conducting metal fabric 31 made of preferably copper is arranged in the pressure vessel 11 within a region of the expansion medium 12 facing away from the working medium 13.
  • heat transfer elements 32 are immersed in the expansion medium 12, preferably as deep as the expansion medium 12 reaches in the initial state.
  • the jacket 34 of the pressure vessel 11 'of Surrounding spirally arranged heat transfer elements 33 which, like the heat transfer elements 32 are flowed through by a brought to a corresponding temperature heat transfer medium.
  • the pressure jacket 34 of the pressure vessel 11 is surrounded by a thermal insulation 35 and this in turn by a hermetically sealed outer shell 36.
  • FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of a thermal device 10 "of the present invention, in which the expansion medium 12 'simultaneously acts as a working medium, which means that within the thermal device 10" exclusively the expansion medium 12' is present.
  • the FIG. 5 shows according to the representation of FIG. 2 the expansion state of the expansion medium 12 'and thus the working state.
  • the expansion medium 12 completely fills the pressure vessel 11 ", so that in this expanded state, the expansion medium 12 'is liquid, the check valve 26 opens in the connection pressure line 21, and via the nozzle 24 onto the paddle wheel 23 of FIG Turbine 22 of the generator unit 20 flows and drives them rotating.
  • the liquid expansion medium 12 ' is returned by the generator unit 20 in the reservoir 15' and collected there first.
  • the expansion medium 12 'in the pressure vessel 11 If the expansion medium 12 'in the pressure vessel 11 "down to the low temperature, that is cooled, the expansion medium 12 will decrease in volume, so that in the pressure vessel 11" creates a vacuum, which is used to close the first check valve 26 and to open the second check valve 18 in the first connection line 16 between the reservoir 15 "and pressure vessel 11" leads. As a result, from the reservoir 15 "the expansion medium 12 'in the pressure vessel 11" flow.
  • the expansion medium 12 corresponds to the expansion medium 12 described above, so that reference can be made to its properties. The same applies to the heating and cooling or their respective temperature and temperature gradient.
  • the reservoir 15 "of the thermal device 10" corresponds to the reservoir 15 'of the second embodiment according to FIG. 4 so that reference may be made to its description.
  • connection pressure line 21 between the pressure vessel 11 "and the generator unit 20 is provided with an outer insulation 38 and, in a manner not shown, with a continuous preheating device which prevents cooling of the expansion medium 12 'during the working cycle
  • Pressure vessel 11 " may be provided with heat-conducting metal fabric 29 and 31, respectively.
  • a corresponding plurality of pressure vessels 11 "and possibly also storage containers 15" are provided for a continuous drive of the generator unit 20. For example, this is done so that when the first system has completed the expansion cycle and switches from warm to cold, during which time the second system is in the middle of the expansion cycle, and vice versa. It is understood that more than two such systems consisting of pressure vessel and possibly reservoir can be used. In order to shorten the cycle time in addition, is driven with higher inlet temperatures from the outside to bring the required working temperature due to time delay by overcoming the wall thickness of the pressure vessel, quickly to the expansion medium. The supply of the required temperatures can be done via separate storage tank.
  • the hydraulic fluid may be, for example, an HFC fluid comprising diethylene glycol and water.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Dispositif thermique (10) de génération d'énergie mécanique et/ou électrique, à l'aide d'un milieu thermiquement expansif et contractif (12) qui est liquide en état d'expansion, caractérisé par le fait que ledit milieu thermiquement expansif et contractif (12) est prévu dans un récipient sous pression (11) qui est apte à être soumis alternativement à deux valeurs différentes de température et qui, du côté de sortie, est relié à un réservoir (15), une unité de génération (20) pour énergie mécanique et/ou électrique qui est entraînée directement ou indirectement par l'expansion du milieu (12) étant prévue entre la sortie dudit récipient sous pression (11) et l'extrémité du réservoir (15) qui est située du coté d'admission, et que soit ledit milieu thermiquement expansif/contractif (12) remplit, en état d'expansion à mise en pression, complètement ledit récipient sous pression (11) de telle manière qu'il entraîne directement ladite unité de génération (20), soit un milieu de travail (13) liquide est prévu en partie en stratification axiale avec ledit milieu thermiquement expansif/contractif (12) dans ledit récipient sous pression (11) et en partie dans ledit réservoir (15) relié au récipient sous pression (11), ladite unité de génération (20) entraînée par le milieu de travail (13) étant prévue entre la zone du récipient sous pression (11), qui reçoit le milieu de travail (13) et ledit réservoir (15).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le milieu thermiquement expansif/contractif (12) est un tel milieu qui atteint son/sa expansion/contraction maximale lors de sa transformation de phase ou bien sa transition de phase de solide à liquide ou bien vice versa.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que, aux températures utilisées, la densité du milieu thermiquement expansif/contractif (12) est différente de la densité du milieu de travail (13).
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que le volume du milieu de travail (13), de préférence sous forme d'eau ou d'un liquide hydraulique, est supérieur au volume d'expansion du milieu expansif/contractif (12).
  5. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que ladite unité de génération (20) présente une turbine (22) et que l'extrémité de la liaison (21), qui est dirigée sur ladite unité de génération (20) - liaison qui s'étend dudit récipient sous pression (11) jusqu'à ladite unité de génération (20) et véhicule le milieu (12) sous pression ou le milieu de travail (13) pressurisé - est réalisée à la manière d'une buse.
  6. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'un clapet anti-retour (18, 26) est agencé dans chacune des liaisons (16, 17, 21) entre le réservoir (15) et le récipient sous pression (11) ainsi qu'entre le récipient sous pression (11) et l'unité de génération (20), qui véhiculent le milieu (12) ou le milieu de travail (13).
  7. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que ledit récipient sous pression (11) est muni d'éléments de transmission de chaleur (32, 33) que l'on fait passer au niveau de la valeur supérieure ou inférieure de température.
  8. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'un tissu conducteur de chaleur (31), de préférence un tissu en cuivre, est prévu à l'intérieur de l'espace du récipient sous pression (11), qui reçoit le milieu expansif/contractif (12).
  9. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la différence entre les valeurs de température supérieure et inférieure, à au moins 10°C à peu près, se situe dans une gamme de températures comprise entre au moins + 5°C et + 50°C au maximum, de préférence entre au moins 10°C et + 35°C au maximum.
  10. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que plusieurs récipients sous pression (11) sont prévus qui, à un intervalle les uns des autres en fonction du temps, peuvent être soumis à température en conséquence et dont les liaisons (21) véhiculant le milieu de travail (13) pressurisé sont dirigées sur la même unité de génération (20).
EP10779723.5A 2009-11-23 2010-11-22 Dispositif thermique pour produire de l'énergie mécanique et/ou électrique Not-in-force EP2504531B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009055982A DE102009055982A1 (de) 2009-11-23 2009-11-23 Thermische Einrichtung zum Erzeugen von mechanischer und/oder elektrischer Energie
PCT/EP2010/007061 WO2011060956A2 (fr) 2009-11-23 2010-11-22 Dispositif thermique pour produire de l'énergie mécanique et/ou électrique

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EP2504531A2 EP2504531A2 (fr) 2012-10-03
EP2504531B1 true EP2504531B1 (fr) 2013-10-23

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DE (1) DE102009055982A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011060956A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012211922A1 (de) 2012-07-09 2014-01-09 Erich Kumpf Thermische Einrichtung zum Erzeugen von mechanischer und/oder elektrischer Energie
WO2013087600A2 (fr) 2011-12-12 2013-06-20 Erich Kumpf Dispositif thermique destiné à la production d'énergie mécanique et/ou d'énergie électrique
DE102011088207A1 (de) 2011-12-12 2013-06-13 Erich Kumpf Thermische Einrichtung zum Erzeugen von mechanischer und/oder elektrischer Energie
CN103912465A (zh) * 2013-01-07 2014-07-09 马照龙 一种温差动力转换方法
FR3006370B1 (fr) * 2013-05-30 2015-07-24 Claude Favy Dispositif de conversion d'energie thermique en energie mecanique
CN115788818B (zh) * 2023-02-08 2023-06-16 中国科学技术大学 一种液态金属驱动装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3953973A (en) * 1974-05-29 1976-05-04 Cheng Chen Yen Heat engine and heat pump utilizing a working medium undergoing solidification and melting operations
DE2919263C2 (de) * 1979-05-12 1983-12-08 Dieter 7317 Wendlingen Knauer Wärmekraftmaschine
FR2523221A1 (fr) * 1982-03-11 1983-09-16 Fraix Burnet Raymond Procede et dispositif pour la production d'une energie directement utilisable a partir de deux sources de chaleur chaude et froide, situees dans une zone de temperature relativement basse
US20040168437A1 (en) * 2003-02-27 2004-09-02 Haq Anwar Ul Vapor over liquid diaphragm engine
US20060059912A1 (en) * 2004-09-17 2006-03-23 Pat Romanelli Vapor pump power system

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WO2011060956A3 (fr) 2012-02-23
EP2504531A2 (fr) 2012-10-03
DE102009055982A1 (de) 2011-05-26
WO2011060956A2 (fr) 2011-05-26

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