EP2500491B1 - Passenger protection system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a personal protection system having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

A personal protection system with an entrance lock and a lounge is from the DE 35 21 884 C1 known. The known personal protection system also includes a ventilation system including a filter system.

Known personal protection systems are designed in such a way that persons entering the entrance lock must remain there until potential contamination has been reduced to a permissible level. For decontamination, an air conveyor system is provided, which flushes through the entrance lock and directs the gas through a noxious gas filter. The degree of contamination can be determined by measuring the concentration of harmful gas in the entrance lock. Only then, if the contamination has been reduced to an acceptable level, the interior may be entered. For fast decontamination, the entrance lock must be as small as possible, which means that only a few people can be in the entrance lock. This lock principle is not suitable for the disaster with highly toxic gases, as people who want to enter the entrance lock, carry an escape hood, which provides protection only for a very limited time. This means that due to the time limit, people can not wait for the infiltration at the outside door of the plant. The service life of an escape hood is often limited to a period of 30 minutes. In the event of a disaster it is to be expected that a larger number of people will enter the recreation room at the same time.

US 2008/196329 A1 discloses a personal protection system having the features of the preamble of claim 1. In the known personal protection system, an entrance lock and a lounge are provided. The entrance lock has an outer door, and the lounge has a door opposite the entrance lock. The system is designed so that a person enters the entrance lock, closes the entrance door behind him, then flushes the air out of the entry lock, after which the door to the lounge is opened and can be entered.

Other people protection systems are off DE 3927673 A1 and JP 2004 085147 known.

The invention has for its object to improve a personal protection system in such a way that people can reach the lounge in a short time.

The solution of the problem arises from the features of claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.

The personal protection system according to the invention has in front of the entrance door of the entrance lock an air curtain, which reduces the pollutant entry upon entering the entrance lock. The personal contaminants are reduced to a calculated level during the passage through a high-performance filter device in the lock area. Persons arrive in the recreation room without delay and have to keep respiratory protection there as long as entrained contaminations are indicated. If required, respiratory masks can be put on, which can be supplied for a long period of time from self-sufficient breathing air accumulators.

When all persons have entered the room, the lounge is flushed with breathing air over a high rate of air exchange. After a few minutes, the pollutant concentrations are reduced to an acceptable level, and the respirators can be discontinued. The air in the room is monitored by a gas detector and warned visually and acoustically when exceeding impermissible values. It is not only cleaned by means of a circulating air system and a noxious gas filter, the room air, but it is simultaneously passed by means of an air purifier from air storage fresh air into the interior of the common room to support the flushing by the recirculation system.

During the air purge, the respiratory masks, which are carried by the people in the lounge, supplied with breathing air.

The air curtain system arranged in front of the entrance door of the entrance lock is designed with a closed air screen. This significantly reduces the thermal effect when opening the front door, which is caused by different temperatures. Light wind effects are reduced and slowed down by the invisible air curtain. Hereby the pollutant entry into the entrance lock is strongly reduced. The entry of pollutants occurs when the front door is opened due to thermal influences and contaminations introduced via persons.

The amount of pollutants introduced by the persons per time can be determined by a limit value analysis. It is assumed that each person introduces a volume of air corresponding to the body volume into the entrance lock. When thermal effects are eliminated by the air curtain, it can be assumed that only contaminants in the entrance lock have to be removed.

Example: 100 people (P) are to infiltrate in 10 minutes, assuming 80 liters of body volume per person, 5000 ppm of external contamination, corresponding to 0.5% by volume.

Trapped contaminated air: $$\mathrm{100}\mathrm{P\; x}\mathrm{80}\mathrm{liter}/\mathrm{10}\mathrm{minutes}=\mathrm{800}\mathrm{Liters\; per\; minute}$$

Trapped noxious gas: $$\mathrm{100}\mathrm{P\; x}\mathrm{80}\mathrm{liter}/\mathrm{10}\mathrm{minutes}=\mathrm{800}\mathrm{Liters\; per\; minute}*\mathrm{0}.\mathrm{5}\%=\mathrm{4}\mathrm{L}/\min$$

The filter system will be designed so that the pollutant concentration in the entrance lock is limited to a predetermined value.

Example: With a pollutant gas input of 4 L / min, the pollutant gas concentration in the inlet lock should be limited to 0.04%, corresponding to 400 ppm. The filter efficiency is 90%.

The required filter - air flow rate is 4 L / min / 0.04% * 0.9 = 667 m ³ / h

When a concentration of 400 ppm is reached in the inlet lock, the filter unit removes 4 L / min of harmful gas from the air. This corresponds to the assumed pollutant input. The filter performance is set higher in the actual layout of the system.

On the basis of the same calculation example, there is a reduced pollutant entry into the recreation room, since each person drags in a 400 ppm corresponding amount of pollutants and no longer 5,000 ppm.

• Eingeschlepptes Schadgas: $$\mathrm{100}\mathrm{P\; x}\mathrm{80}\mathrm{Liter}/\mathrm{10}\mathrm{Minuten}=\mathrm{800}\mathrm{Liter\; pro\; Minute}*0,04\%=0,32L/\min$$
  
• Raumluftkonzentration nach dem Betreten aller Personen: $$\mathrm{0},\mathrm{32}\mathrm{L}/\min *\mathrm{10}\mathrm{Minuten}=\mathrm{3},\mathrm{2}\mathrm{Liter}$$
  

The volume of entrained noxious gas is:

• Trapped noxious gas: $$\mathrm{100}\mathrm{P\; x}\mathrm{80}\mathrm{liter}/\mathrm{10}\mathrm{minutes}=\mathrm{800}\mathrm{Liters\; per\; minute}*0.04\%=0.32L/\min$$
  
• Indoor air concentration after entering all persons: $$\mathrm{0}.\mathrm{32}\mathrm{L}/\min *\mathrm{10}\mathrm{minutes}=\mathrm{3}.\mathrm{2}\mathrm{liter}$$
  

• Raumgröße: 111 m³ $$\mathrm{Raumluftkonzentration}:\mathrm{3},\mathrm{2}/\mathrm{111.000}=\mathrm{28}\mathrm{ppm}$$
  

Indoor air concentration in the lounge after entering all persons:

• Room size: 111 m ³ $$\mathrm{Airborne\; concentration}:\mathrm{3}.\mathrm{2}/\mathrm{111000}=\mathrm{28}\mathrm{ppm}$$
  

The permissible room air concentration is 5 ppm.

Consequently, for a certain transitional period, people still need to be supplied with respiratory gas via a central breathing system.

• Filtration über den CO2 - Absorber: Reinigungsleistung von 600 m³/h.
• Umluftfiltration über die Gasfilteranlage, welche wahlweise für jeden Raum vorgesehen wird, oder als zentrale umschaltbare Filteranlage.
• Luftspülung mit Atemluft aus Speicherflaschen.

The following cleaning functions can be used for cleaning to the permissible value of 5 ppm:

• Filtration via the CO2 absorber: cleaning capacity of 600 m ³ / h.
• Recirculation filtration via the gas filtration system, which is optionally provided for each room, or as a central switchable filter system.
• Air purge with breathing air from storage bottles.

For the purification of 28 ppm of harmful gas (a) to 5 ppm (b), the following amount of air is required: $$\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{In}\left(\mathrm{ppm}\left(\mathrm{a}\right)/\mathrm{ppm}\left(\mathrm{b}\right)\right)*\mathrm{volume}=\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="28"\; label="ln"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">ln</figure-callout>}\mathrm{28}/\mathrm{5}*\mathrm{111}=\mathrm{191}.\mathrm{2}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^{\mathrm{3}}\mathrm{and\; at\; one}\\ \mathrm{Filter\; efficiency\; of}\mathrm{80}\%.\mathrm{239}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^{\mathrm{3}};\mathrm{with\; ln}=\mathrm{natural\; logarithm}\mathrm{,}\end{array}$$

1. a) Reinigung über Luftspülung aus Luftspeichern: Es werden 17 Flaschen a' 14.000 Liter Nutzvolumen benötigt. Bei einer Spülluftmenge von 600 m³/h beträgt die Reinigungszeit ca. 24 Minuten.
2. b) Reinigung über die Gas-Filteranlage: Mit dem ausgelegten Volumenstrom von 667 m³/h wird in etwa die gleiche Zeit benötigt.
3. c) Reinigung über die Absorber - Kalkpatronen: Mit dem Nennvolumenstrom von 600 m³/h wird in etwa die gleiche Zeit benötigt.

Time for cleaning in the lounge:

1. a) Purge via air purge from air storage: 17 bottles of a 14,000 liter useful volume are required. At a purge air volume of 600 m ³ / h, the cleaning time is approximately 24 minutes.
2. b) Cleaning via the gas filter system: The designed volume flow of 667 m ³ / h will take about the same time.
3. c) Cleaning via the absorber - lime cartridges: The nominal volume flow of 600 m ³ / h will take about the same time.

In the interaction of all mechanisms of action - air purge, filtration and Absorber usage - the time can be significantly reduced. In any case, the air purge and gas filtration can be used together in parallel and the time for cleaning the common room would be about 12 minutes.

This time is used as a minimum time for the design of the breathing system. The actual breathing air capacity is designed so that in case of ineffective restraint systems in the shelter the higher concentrations of pollutants can be cleaned and the persons during the longer cleaning time have the appropriate air available for the mask supply.

An embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in the figure and explained in more detail below.

Figur 1:

den Pneumatikschaltplan eines Personenschutzsystems,

Figur 2:

eine erste Alternative zum Personenschutzsystem nach der Figur 1,

Figur 3:

eine zweite Alternative zum Personenschutzsystem nach der Figur 2.

Show it:

FIG. 1:

the pneumatic circuit diagram of a personal protection system,

FIG. 2:

a first alternative to the personal protection system according to the FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3:

a second alternative to the personal protection system according to the FIG. 2 ,

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the structure of a personal protection system 1, which has an air curtain 2 in front of an entrance door 3 to an entrance lock 4 and connected to the entrance lock 4 lounge 5. Between the entrance lock 4 and the recreation room 5 there is a passage door 6. The air curtain 2 consists of a first supply air duct 7
with an outlet opening 8, a first return air duct 9 with return air openings 10 and a first blower 11. The blower 11 is connected via a first gas channel 12 to the first supply air duct 7 and the first return air duct 9 and conveys ambient air from the first return air duct 9 to the first supply air duct 7. The air curtain 2 can also be designed in an open design without return air duct.

In the entrance lock 4, there are a second supply air duct 13 with outlet openings 14, a second return air duct 15 with inlet openings 16, which are connected to one another via a second gas duct 17. A second blower 18 arranged in the second gas duct 17 conveys the interior air via a first harmful gas filter 19 from the second return air duct 15 to the second supply air duct 13. The second blower duct via the second return air duct 15 aspirated indoor air is purified in the first harmful gas filter 19 and passes as decontaminated air via the second supply air duct 13 back into the interior.

The common room 5 has a third supply air duct 20 with outlet openings 21, a third return air channel 22 with inlet openings 23 and a third gas channel 24 with a third blower 26 and a second harmful gas filter 25 for conveying the interior air from the third return air duct 22 to the third supply air duct 20. In the middle of the room of the common room 5 is a breathing air line 27 for non-illustrated respirators. The breathing air line is connected via an air switch panel 28 with a breathing air reservoir 29. A supply line 30 extends from the air switch panel 28 via a silencer 31 to the third supply air duct 20. The third supply air duct 20 is thus supplied both via the third blower 26 and via the breathing air reservoir 29 with gas, so that residual contamination both via the air circulation system and over Air from the breathing air reservoir 29 are flushed out of the lounge 5. Excess gas is discharged via a spring-loaded pressure relief valve 32 from the common room 5. The pressure relief valve 32 is adjusted so that in the recreation room 5 always such an interior pressure prevails, which prevents the ingress of noxious gases from the environment.

FIG. 2 FIG. 1 illustrates a first alternative personal protection system 40, in which, compared with the personal protection system 1 according to FIG FIG. 1 , a common harmful gas filter 41 is used for filtering the indoor air in the entrance lock 4 and in the recreation room 5. The same components are given the same reference numbers FIG. 1 Mistake. To divert the scavenging air between the entrance lock 4 and the common room 5, a switching valve 42 in the second gas channel 17 between the second fan 18 and the second supply air duct 13 and the muffler 31 is provided. In the in the FIG. 2 In a second switching position of the switching valve 42, the second blower 18 is connected to the muffler 31 and the conveyed air passes through the muffler 31 in the third supply air duct 20. The third return air duct 22 is connected via a fourth gas passage 44 with a discharge valve 43 designed as a pressure relief valve, which opens into the input lock 4. The first alternative personal protection system 40 is characterized by a particularly rapid infiltration of persons into the recreation room 5. The persons pass through the entrance lock 4 and enter the common room 5. The switching valve 42 is initially in the first switching position and then in the second switching position transferred. The air circulation then takes place via the silencer 31 into the third supply air duct 20 and from the third return air duct 22, the fourth gas duct 44 and the outflow valve 43 into the input lock 4, where the room air is sucked in via the second return air duct 15. Air purge within the lounge 5 reduces entrained contaminants to a specified limit. Compared to the personal protection system 1 after the FIG. 1 In the first alternative personal protection system 40, a filter system is saved.

FIG. 3 shows a second alternative personal protection system 50, in which compared to the first alternative personal protection system 40 after FIG. 2 the air entering the common room 5 via the third supply air duct 20 is not collected in a return air duct, but is discharged directly into the intake lock 4 via the fourth gas duct 44 and the outflow valve 43. This air duct can be selected if a targeted air return via the third return air duct 22 is required for air purification. This also increases the usable area in the lounge 5, since no return air duct must be installed.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Personal Protection System

2

Air curtain

3

entrance

4

entry lock

5

sitting room

6

Passdoor

7

first supply air duct

8th

outlet opening

9

first return air duct

10

entrance opening

11

first blower

12

first gas channel

13

second supply air duct

14

outlet opening

15

second return air duct

16

entrance opening

17

second gas channel

18

second blower

19

first harmful gas filter

20

third supply air duct

21

outlet opening

22

third return air duct

23

entrance opening

24

third gas channel

25

second harmful gas filter

26

third blower

27

supply channel

28

gas distributor

29

Breathing air storage

30

supply line

31

silencer

32

Pressure relief valve

40

first alternative personal protection system

42

switching valve

43

outflow valve

44

fourth gas channel

50

second alternative personal protection system

Claims (5)

1. A personal protection system comprising:

   an entrance area (4),

   a residence room (5) connected to the entrance area (4),

   an air circulation system (13, 15, 18, 19, 20, 22, 25, 26) for the inner space enclosed by the entrance area (4) and the residence room (5), said air circulation system comprising at least one air delivery unit (18) and a toxic gas filter (19),

   an air flushing device (28, 30, 31, 20) comprising air storage units (29) for said residence room (5), and

   a gas supply duct (27) for respirator products,
   characterized in that

   at the entrance door (3) of the entrance area (4) an air curtain device (2) is provided which comprises an air feed duct (7), an air return duct (9) and a first blower (11), and

   that the air circulation system for the entrance area (4) comprises a second air feed duct (13), a second air return duct (15) and a second blower (18) including the toxic gas filter (19).
2. A personal protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the air circulation system for the residence room (5) consists of a third air feed duct (20), a third air return duct (22) as well as a third blower including a second toxic gas filter (25).
3. A personal protection system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a common air circulation system for the entrance area (4) and the residence room (5) comprises a second air feed duct (13) and a second air return duct (15) in the entrance area (4), a second blower (18) including a first toxic gas filter (19) between the air return duct (15) and the air feed duct (13) as well as a reversing valve (42) on the discharge side of the blower (18), wherein the reversing valve (42) in a first switching position establishes a gas path to the second air feed duct (13) and in a second switching position establishes a gas path to a third air feed duct (20) to the residence room (5).
4. A personal protection system according to claim 3, characterized in that the air storage units (29) of the air flushing device (28, 30, 31, 20) are connected to the third air feed duct (20) in the residence room (5).
5. A personal protection system according to any of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the air flushing system and/or the air circulation system are designed for a flushing flow rate of at least 600 m³/hr.

Images