EP2493756B1 - Water craft - Google Patents

Water craft Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2493756B1
EP2493756B1 EP10771032.9A EP10771032A EP2493756B1 EP 2493756 B1 EP2493756 B1 EP 2493756B1 EP 10771032 A EP10771032 A EP 10771032A EP 2493756 B1 EP2493756 B1 EP 2493756B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydraulic
steering
water craft
craft according
pump
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EP10771032.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2493756A1 (en
Inventor
Andre Knaack
Gerhard Jetzorreck
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Hoerbiger Automatisierungstechnik Holding GmbH
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Hoerbiger Automatisierungstechnik Holding GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
    • B63H25/02—Initiating means for steering, for slowing down, otherwise than by use of propulsive elements, or for dynamic anchoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
    • B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
    • B63H25/08—Steering gear
    • B63H25/12—Steering gear with fluid transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
    • B63H25/42—Steering or dynamic anchoring by propulsive elements; Steering or dynamic anchoring by propellers used therefor only; Steering or dynamic anchoring by rudders carrying propellers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a watercraft having at least one hull and at least one drive motor, which is in driving driving connection with a drive head comprising a propulsion means via a drive train, wherein the drive head is mounted laterally pivotable relative to the fuselage with respect to a steering axis and relative to the lateral adjustment of the drive head at least one hydraulic steering cylinder is provided to the hull, which can be acted upon by a hydraulic steering system comprising a hydraulic pump.
  • a watercraft of the type specified with a hydraulic steering system is for example from the US 5549493 A known.
  • a combined hydraulic steering and trim system is provided. This includes two hydraulic pumps connected in parallel to one another, which for lack of other indications can be assumed to be driven in a conventional manner by the propulsion engine of the watercraft, two hydraulic steering cylinders, two hydraulic trim cylinders and various control valves connecting the four hydraulic cylinders with the two hydraulic pumps having a line network.
  • the paired double design of the hydraulic pump, steering cylinder and trim cylinder results in multiple redundancy within the hydraulic steering and trim system so that the vessel remains maneuverable even in the event of failure of a hydraulic pump, steering cylinder and / or trimming cylinder.
  • Hydraulic steering systems like that after the US 5549493 A Compared to mechanical steering systems (in particular cable steering) by a higher flexibility in terms of the basic design of the respective vessel.
  • motor boats and motor yachts can be equipped with several control stations without significant effort and without complications.
  • purely hydraulic steering systems in which the steering wheel in each case with a hydraulic pump (so-called helm pump) is widely used, wherein the pumped by the helm pump hydraulic fluid - passed through corresponding hydraulic lines to the hydraulic steering cylinder - directly applied to the steering cylinder and this adjusted with appropriate rotation of the steering wheel.
  • More recently steer-by-wire steering concepts have been used, especially in the upper price segment of motor yachts, in which control signals are generated in an electronic steering wheel.
  • the control signals are further processed in downstream electronic and mechanical, electrical and / or hydraulic components of the steering system in the sense of an adjustment of the drive head.
  • steer-by-wire steering concepts basically also purely electric steering systems come into consideration
  • the vast majority of steer-by-wire steering concept having motor boats and yachts equipped with electro-hydraulic steering systems, in which the adjustment of the drive head by means of a hydraulic steering cylinder is accomplished, which is acted upon by a hydraulic steering system, which in turn comprises a motor-driven hydraulic pump and adjustable control valves.
  • said hydraulic pump is driven by corresponding belts directly from the propulsion engine of the vessel (see above).
  • the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic steering system is operated by a separate, designed in particular as an electric motor drive motor, so that said hydraulic pump is part of an independent hydraulic unit.
  • the present invention has set itself the task of increasing the safety of watercraft of the generic type, especially if they are equipped with a steer-by-wire steering concept, or, with others To reduce the risk of a breakdown due to failure of the steering system and / or to minimize the consequences of such a failure.
  • a hydraulic system which includes a separate hydraulic unit and intended serves the application of a hydraulic consumer not serving the steering of the vessel, in the sense of a loading of the steering cylinder with the Hydraulic steering system can be coupled.
  • an independent hydraulic system which normally has nothing to do with the steering in normal operation, can be actively hydraulically coupled to the hydraulic steering system by providing prepared connections which are blocked during normal operation of the watercraft. be opened with the result that the hydraulic steering cylinder in emergency mode - in case of failure of essential components of the hydraulic steering system - can be acted upon by the provided by the separate hydraulic unit hydraulic energy.
  • the present invention deliberately and consciously turns away from the repeatedly proposed approach of using a single hydraulic unit both for acting on the at least one steering cylinder and at least one further hydraulic consumer (in particular at least one hydraulic trim cylinder) (cf. JP 2004-001640 A . US 4,836,810 A . US Pat. No. 6,416,370 B1 ).
  • a watercraft according to the invention in express departure from the concepts according to the above-mentioned prior art - mandatory at least one, at normal function no relationship to the steering system of the vessel exhibiting a Separate hydraulic unit comprehensive (separate) hydraulic system in emergency situations - by opening closed in normal operation connections (see above) - coupled to the hydraulic steering system.
  • a steering of the vessel maintained even in case of failure of the hydraulic steering system or essential components thereof, so that even in this case a return to or a port is possible on its own.
  • a first preferred development of the watercraft according to the invention is characterized in that the (separate) hydraulic system with the hydraulic steering system can be coupled via emergency valves, said by means of said emergency valves the already explained above, closed in normal operation connections between the two Hyd Hurliksystemen.
  • the emergency valves may in particular be manually, mechanically or else, for example, designed as solenoid valves, be electrically actuated.
  • an operating switch designated as such for the activation of the "emergency steering" is provided on the control panel of or a control station, by the actuation of which said emergency valves are switched.
  • the at least one hydraulic consumer whose operation the (separate) hydraulic system in the normal operation of the vessel in question is not absolutely necessary for its emergency operation, as is typically the case for a trimming device, then it can be provided that the said hydraulic Consumer can be decoupled by the emergency valves of the (separate) hydraulic system when the associated hydraulic unit is coupled by actuation of the emergency valves with the hydraulic steering system.
  • the relevant separate hydraulic unit is in this case in emergency only for the emergency steering available; a collision with the function that fulfills it in normal operation is thus excluded.
  • the hydraulic system has switching valves, in particular manually operated switching valves, for influencing the admission of the associated hydraulic consumer. These can be switched in an emergency so that actuation of the hydraulic load is omitted by the separate hydraulic unit, whereby the latter is completely and exclusively for emergency operation of the steering cylinder available.
  • the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic steering system is part of a steering hydraulic unit, ie an independent, solely the drive of the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic steering system serving drive motor comprehensive hydraulic unit, wherein the drive motor is designed in particular in the form of an electric motor.
  • the steering hydraulic unit and the (separate) hydraulic unit which is approachable for emergency steering, form a (single) assembly.
  • the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic steering system and the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic system comprising the separate hydraulic unit can be accommodated in or on a common pump block and / or the said assembly can comprise a common connection block.
  • the motors of the steering hydraulic unit and the hydraulic unit may be arranged adjacent to each other on one side of a connection and / or pump block and the common hydraulic tank on the other side of the relevant connection and / or pump block.
  • a particularly favorable possibility of development of the watercraft according to the invention, which thereby opens up, is to arrange the hydraulic tank outboard, while the other components of the hydraulic systems within the fuselage meanwhile.
  • the hydraulic steering system comprises electrically controlled control valves act on the associated with a steering device donors, with the at least one control valve are connected via control lines, wherein the steering device may be designed in particular as an electronic steering wheel.
  • the hydraulic steering system may be equipped with a hydraulic unit whose electric motor is reversible and controlled by a control unit acted upon by an electronic steering wheel.
  • At least one of the electronic steering wheels of the vessel in question can form a combined electronic / hydraulic steering wheel with an additional conventional helm pump, which can be coupled to the hydraulic steering system is.
  • a multistage emergency steering system would be available in the sense that in the event of failure of the steer-by-wire steering system, the conventional hydraulic steering system could first be put into operation; if this too failed, the emergency steering system according to the invention could be activated as a second stage.
  • the drive head may comprise at least one screw rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation and / or the drive motor may be designed as an internal combustion engine, wherein in particular the design of the engine as an outboard engine as well as an inboard engine with downstream Z drive comes into consideration.
  • FIG. 1 Z-drive watercraft shown comprises a hull 1 and a drive motor 2.
  • This acts via a drive train 3 on a drive head 4, which comprises a propulsion means 5 in the form of a screw 6.
  • the drive head 4 is mounted relative to the hull 1 with respect to a steering axis 7 sideways pivotally.
  • a hydraulic steering cylinder 8 is provided, which acts on the drive head 4 via a steering linkage 9.
  • the drive head 4 is further adjustable about a horizontal, transverse to the longitudinal axis X of the boat pivot axis 11 (transverse axis). Since the sports motorboat shown to this extent corresponds to the well-known state of the art, further explanations are unnecessary.
  • a steering wheel 13 forming the steering device and a control panel 14 are arranged as operating elements. Both the steering wheel 13 and the control panel 14 are connected via control lines 15 to the control unit 16 in connection.
  • the hydraulic group 18 comprises a hydraulic steering system 19 serving to act on the hydraulic steering cylinder 8, which in turn comprises a hydraulic pump 20 driven by a (reversible) electric motor 21 and thus part of a steering hydraulic unit 22.
  • a hydraulic steering system 19 serving to act on the hydraulic steering cylinder 8, which in turn comprises a hydraulic pump 20 driven by a (reversible) electric motor 21 and thus part of a steering hydraulic unit 22.
  • a hydraulic steering system to act (see. Fig. 2 ), as bekant as such, in particular a shuttle valve 23, two pilot-operated check valves 24 and two Pressure limiting valves 25.
  • the hydraulic steering system 19 with the two working spaces 26 and 27 of the hydraulic steering cylinder 8 is connected.
  • the powered by the battery 28 of the on-board electric motor 21 of the steering hydraulic unit 22 is controlled in normal operation of the motor sports boat by turning the steering wheel 13.
  • the trimming cylinder 10 represents a hydraulic consumer 29 which does not serve the steering of the motor sport boat. This is acted upon by a further hydraulic system 30, which is different from the hydraulic steering system 19 and comprises a separate hydraulic unit 31.
  • the separate hydraulic unit 31 in turn comprises a hydraulic pump 32, which is driven by a (reversible) electric motor 33.
  • To the intended purpose of the loading of the hydraulic load 29 serving hydraulic system 30 further includes in particular a shuttle valve 34, two pilot-operated check valves 35 and two pressure relief valves 36.
  • the hydraulic system 30 is connected to the two working chambers 37 and 38 of the hydraulic trimming cylinder 10 ,
  • the powered by the battery 28 of the on-board electric motor 33 of the separate hydraulic unit 31 is controlled in normal operation of the motor sports boat by pressing the control panel 14 arranged on the buttons 39 (lifting) and 40 (sinks).
  • the further hydraulic system 30 in the sense of acting on the hydraulic steering cylinder 8 with the hydraulic steering system 19 can be coupled.
  • a first emergency valve 41 and the port S of the hydraulic system 30, a second emergency valve 42 is assigned to the terminal H of the hydraulic system 30.
  • Each of the two emergency valves 41 and 42 is designed in such a way as a 3/2-way valve, that in normal operation, ie when energized state of the respective electromagnet 43, the hydraulic system 30, the trim cylinder 10 is applied.
  • the electromagnets 43 of the two emergency valves 41 and 42 are energized, resulting in that the hydraulic system 30 via the emergency valves 41 and 42 with the hydraulic steering system 19 can be coupled, at the same time the hydraulic consumer 29 (trimming cylinder 10) by means of emergency valves is decoupled from the hydraulic system 30.
  • two emergency steering buttons are provided on the control panel 14, namely a first Notlenkknopf 44 and a second Notlenkknopf 45.
  • the operation of each of the two Notlenkknöpfe 44 and 45 switches both emergency valves 41 and 42 in the Notlenkgna, in the hydraulic system 30 is coupled to the hydraulic steering system 19 in the sense described above.
  • the first emergency steering button 44 is actuated, the separate hydraulic unit 31 is activated so that hydraulic oil is pumped into the line NL coupled to the port L of the hydraulic steering system 19.
  • the second emergency steering button 45 the separate hydraulic unit 31, however, with the reverse Operating direction, so that hydraulic oil is pumped into the coupled with the port R of the hydraulic steering system 19 line NR. Since the two check valves 24 of the hydraulic steering system 19 are locked, an actuation of the hydraulic steering cylinder 8 is ensured by the further hydraulic system 30 in Notlenkmodus.
  • the steering hydraulic unit 22 and the separate hydraulic unit 31 form an assembly 46 (see. Fig. 3 and 4 ).
  • the pump block 47 of the hydraulic pump 20 of the hydraulic steering system 19 and the pump block 48 of the hydraulic pump 32 of the other hydraulic system 30 are arranged on a common connection block 49, wherein the two pumps alternatively also in a single, common to the terminal block 49 flanged pump block could be accommodated.
  • the steering hydraulic unit 22 and the separate hydraulic unit 31 are supplied from a common hydraulic tank 50.
  • the motor 21 of the steering hydraulic unit 22 and the motor 33 of the separate hydraulic unit 31 are arranged adjacent to each other on one side of a connection block 49 and the common hydraulic tank 50 on the other side of the respective connection block 49.
  • the two emergency valves 41 and 42 are also arranged on the common connection block 49. Their hydraulic components are accommodated in the connection block 49; the two associated electromagnets 43 are mounted adjacent to the pump blocks 47 and 48 on the terminal block 49.
  • the two are recognizable the connection block screwed mounting bracket M, by means of which the entire assembly 46 can be mounted in the boat at a suitable location.
  • a second control station 51 with a further steering wheel 52 indicated.
  • This is designed as a combined electronic / hydraulic steering wheel with an additional conventional helicopter pump 53 which is coupled to the hydraulic steering system 19.
  • each of the hydraulic systems can be designed in other known as such type.
  • the actuation of the hydraulic steering cylinder 8 and the hydraulic consumer 29 may be controlled by electrically operated adjustable control valves which are connected via control lines to the respectively assigned transmitter, i. in particular the steering wheel and the control panel are connected.
  • the hydraulic system after Fig. 5 differs from the one after Fig. 2 essentially alone by one different type of hydraulic steering system 19 '. And comes after Fig. 5 no reversible steering hydraulic power unit is used, but rather a one of an electric motor 21 'driven hydraulic pump 20' comprehensive non-reversible steering hydraulic unit 22 '. Accordingly, an electrically operable, designed as a 4/3-way valve control valve 54 is further provided.
  • the control valve 54 is connected via control lines 57 to the control unit 16 in the sense of a steer-by-wire steering concept. It can by appropriate action by the control unit 16, ie excitation of one of the associated electromagnet, from the (in Fig.
  • the hydraulic steering system 19 'furthermore comprises, as is known per se, a filter 55 arranged on the inflow side to the hydraulic pump 20', a pressure regulating valve 56 and a check valve 58.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Wasserfahrzeug mit mindestens einem Rumpf und mindestens einem Antriebsmotor, der über einen Antriebsstrang mit einem ein Vortriebsmittel umfassenden Antriebskopf in einer antreibenden Wirkverbindung steht, wobei der Antriebskopf relativ zum Rumpf bezüglich einer Lenkachse seitwärts schwenkbar gelagert ist und zur Seitenverstellung des Antriebskopfes relativ zum Rumpf mindestens ein hydraulischer Lenkzylinder vorgesehen ist, der von einem eine Hydraulikpumpe umfassenden hydraulischen Lenksystem beaufschlagbar ist.The present invention relates to a watercraft having at least one hull and at least one drive motor, which is in driving driving connection with a drive head comprising a propulsion means via a drive train, wherein the drive head is mounted laterally pivotable relative to the fuselage with respect to a steering axis and relative to the lateral adjustment of the drive head at least one hydraulic steering cylinder is provided to the hull, which can be acted upon by a hydraulic steering system comprising a hydraulic pump.

Für Motorboote, Motoryachten und sonstige motorisch angetriebene Wasserfahrzeuge sind verschiedene Antriebskonzepte bekannt, die sich beispielsweise im Hinblick auf die Lage des Motors relativ zum Rumpf unterscheiden (Außenbordmotor, Innenbordmotor). Innerhalb der Wasserfahrzeuge mit Innenbordmotor lassen sich wiederum anhand der Art, Bau- und Funktionsweise, Lage und Anordnung der Vortriebsmittel weitere Unterscheidungen vornehmen (z.B. Z-Antrieb, Gondelantrieb, Surface-Antrieb und dergleichen), wobei, anders als dies für Schiffe mit Wellenanlagen und konventionellen Rudern gilt, jeweils der Antriebskopf bezüglich einer Lenkachse relativ zum Rumpf seitwärts schwenkbar gelagert ist. Durch Verändern der Stellung des Antriebskopfes mittels der Lenkeinrichtung wird das Wasserfahrzeug gelenkt.
Verbreitet kommen dabei hydraulische Lenksysteme zum Einsatz.For motor boats, motor yachts and other motorized watercraft various drive concepts are known, which differ, for example, in terms of the position of the engine relative to the fuselage (outboard motor, inboard engine). Within the watercraft with inboard engine again on the basis of the nature, construction and operation, location and arrangement of the propulsion means make further distinctions (eg Z-drive, nacelle drive, surface drive and the like), which, unlike for ships with wave systems and Conventional rowing applies, in each case the drive head relative to the fuselage is pivotally mounted sideways with respect to a steering axis. By changing the position of the drive head by means of the steering device, the watercraft is steered.
Hydraulic steering systems are widely used.

Ein Wasserfahrzeug der eingangs angegebenen Art mit einem hydraulischen Lenksystem ist beispielsweise aus der US 5549493 A bekannt. Bei diesem Wasserfahrzeug ist ein kombiniertes hydraulisches Lenk- und Trimmsystem vorgesehen. Dieses umfasst zwei zueinander parallel geschaltete Hydraulikpumpen, bei denen mangels anderweitiger Angaben davon auszugehen ist, dass sie in herkömmlicher Weise von dem Antriebsmotor des Wasserfahrzeugs angetrieben werden, zwei hydraulische Lenkzylinder, zwei hydraulische Trimmzylinder und ein die vier Hydraulikzylinder mit den beiden Hydraulikpumpen vebindendes, diverse Steuerventile aufweisendes Leitungsnetz. Durch die paarweise doppelte Ausführung von Hydraulikpumpe, Lenkzylinder und Trimmzylinder ergibt sich eine mehrfache Redundanz innerhalb des hydraulischen Lenk- und Trimmsystems, so dass das Wasserfahrzeug auch bei Ausfall einer Hydraulikpumpe, eines Lenkzylinders und/oder eines Trimmzylinders manövrierbar bleibt.A watercraft of the type specified with a hydraulic steering system is for example from the US 5549493 A known. In this vessel, a combined hydraulic steering and trim system is provided. This includes two hydraulic pumps connected in parallel to one another, which for lack of other indications can be assumed to be driven in a conventional manner by the propulsion engine of the watercraft, two hydraulic steering cylinders, two hydraulic trim cylinders and various control valves connecting the four hydraulic cylinders with the two hydraulic pumps having a line network. The paired double design of the hydraulic pump, steering cylinder and trim cylinder results in multiple redundancy within the hydraulic steering and trim system so that the vessel remains maneuverable even in the event of failure of a hydraulic pump, steering cylinder and / or trimming cylinder.

Hydraulische Lenksysteme wie das nach der US 5549493 A zeichnen sich gegenüber mechanischen Lenksystemen (insbesondere Seilzuglenkung) durch eine höhere Flexibilität hinsichtlich der grundlegenden Gestaltung des jeweiligen Wasserfahrzeugs aus. Insbesondere lassen sich ohne nennenswerten Aufwand und ohne Komplikationen Motorboote und Motoryachten mit mehreren Steuerständen ausstatten. Weit verbreitet waren bisher rein hydraulische Lenksysteme, bei denen das Lenkrad jeweils mit einer Hydraulikpumpe (sog. Helmpumpe) verbunden ist, wobei die von der Helmpumpe geförderte Hydraulikflüssigkeit - über entsprechende Hydraulikleitungen zum hydraulischen Lenkzylinder geführt - unmittelbar den Lenkzylinder beaufschlagt und diesen bei entsprechender Drehung des Steuerrads verstellt. In jüngerer Zeit kommen namentlich im oberen Preissegment von Motoryachten zunehmend Steer-by-Wire Lenkkonzepte zum Einsatz, bei denen in einem elektronischen Steuerrad Steuersignale generiert werden. Die Steuersignale werden in nachgeschalteten elektronischen sowie mechanischen, elektrischen und/oder hydraulischen Komponenten des Lenksystems weiterverarbeitet im Sinne einer Verstellung des Antriebskopfes. Während bei Steer-by-Wire Lenkkonzepten grundsätzlich beispielsweise auch rein elektrische Lenksysteme in Betracht kommen, ist die überwiegende Anzahl von ein Steer-by-Wire Lenkkonzept aufweisenden Motorbooten und -yachten mit elektrohydraulischen Lenksystemen ausgestattet, bei denen die Verstellung des Antriebskopfes mittels eines hydraulischen Lenkzylinders bewerkstelligt wird, der von einem hydraulischen Lenksystem beaufschlagbar ist, welches seinerseits eine motorisch angetriebene Hydraulikpumpe und verstellbare Steuerventile umfasst. Bei typischen derartigen Wasserfahrzeugen ist die besagte Hydraulikpumpe über entsprechende Riemen direkt von dem Antriebsmotor des Wasserfahrzeugs angetrieben (s.o.). Bei anderen bekannten gattungsgemäßen Wasserfahrzeugen wird die Hydraulikpumpe des hydraulischen Lenksystems von einem gesonderten, insbesondere als Elektromotor ausgeführten Antriebsmotor betrieben, so dass die besagte Hydraulikpumpe Teil eines eigenständigen Hydraulikaggregats ist.Hydraulic steering systems like that after the US 5549493 A Compared to mechanical steering systems (in particular cable steering) by a higher flexibility in terms of the basic design of the respective vessel. In particular, motor boats and motor yachts can be equipped with several control stations without significant effort and without complications. So far, purely hydraulic steering systems, in which the steering wheel in each case with a hydraulic pump (so-called helm pump) is widely used, wherein the pumped by the helm pump hydraulic fluid - passed through corresponding hydraulic lines to the hydraulic steering cylinder - directly applied to the steering cylinder and this adjusted with appropriate rotation of the steering wheel. More recently steer-by-wire steering concepts have been used, especially in the upper price segment of motor yachts, in which control signals are generated in an electronic steering wheel. The control signals are further processed in downstream electronic and mechanical, electrical and / or hydraulic components of the steering system in the sense of an adjustment of the drive head. While in steer-by-wire steering concepts basically also purely electric steering systems come into consideration, the vast majority of steer-by-wire steering concept having motor boats and yachts equipped with electro-hydraulic steering systems, in which the adjustment of the drive head by means of a hydraulic steering cylinder is accomplished, which is acted upon by a hydraulic steering system, which in turn comprises a motor-driven hydraulic pump and adjustable control valves. In typical such vessels, said hydraulic pump is driven by corresponding belts directly from the propulsion engine of the vessel (see above). In other known generic water vehicles, the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic steering system is operated by a separate, designed in particular as an electric motor drive motor, so that said hydraulic pump is part of an independent hydraulic unit.

Die vorliegende Erfindung hat sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, die Sicherheit von Wasserfahrzeugen der gattungsgemäßen Art, insbesondere wenn diese mit einem Steer-by-Wire Lenkkonzept ausgestattet sind, zu erhöhen bzw., mit anderen Worten, das Risiko einer Havarie durch Ausfall des Lenksystems zu reduzieren und/oder die Folgen eines solchen Ausfalls zu minimieren.The present invention has set itself the task of increasing the safety of watercraft of the generic type, especially if they are equipped with a steer-by-wire steering concept, or, with others To reduce the risk of a breakdown due to failure of the steering system and / or to minimize the consequences of such a failure.

Gelöst wird die vorstehend angegebene Aufgabenstellung erfindungsgemäß dadurch, dass bei einem Wasserfahrzeug der eingangs angegebenen, gattungsgemäßen Art ein Hydrauliksystem, welches ein gesondertes Hydraulikaggregat umfasst und bestimmungsgemäß der Beaufschlagung eines nicht der Lenkung des Wasserfahrzeuges dienenden hydraulischen Verbrauchers dient, im Sinne einer Beaufschlagung des Lenkzylinders mit dem hydraulischen Lenksystem koppelbar ist. Es kann, mit anderen Worten, bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Wasserfahrzeug ein unabhängiges Hydrauliksystem, welches bestimmungsgemäß im normalen Betrieb mit der Lenkung nichts zu tun hat, aktiv hydraulisch mit dem hydraulischen Lenksystem gekoppelt werden, indem vorbereitete Verbindungen, die im normalen Betrieb des Wasserfahrzeugs gesperrt sind, geöffnet werden mit dem Ergebnis, dass der hydraulische Lenkzylinder im Notbetrieb - bei einem Ausfall wesentlicher Komponenten des hydraulischen Lenksystems - mittels der von dem gesonderten Hydraulikaggregat bereitgestellten hydraulischen Energie beaufschlagbar ist. Je nach dem individuellen Wasserfahrzeug, das gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ausgeführt ist, kommen als geeignete weitere Hydrauliksysteme, die im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung für die vorstehend dargelegte Notlenkfunktion herangezogen werden können, unterschiedliche Systeme in Betracht. Zu denken ist hier insbesondere an ein der Trimmung des Wasserfahrzeuges, d.h. der Betätigung einer Trimmeinrichtung dienendes gesondertes Hydrauliksystem. Solches ist, nachdem in typischen Anwendungsfällen das Trimmsystem in räumlicher Nähe zum Lenksystem angeordnet ist, besonders günstig. Allerdings lassen sich auch verschiedene weitere gesonderte Hydrauliksysteme heranziehen, wie beispielsweise dem Betrieb einer Winde, einer Schaltkupplung oder dergleichen dienende Hydrauliksysteme.The aforementioned object is achieved according to the invention in that in a watercraft of the generic type mentioned above, a hydraulic system, which includes a separate hydraulic unit and intended serves the application of a hydraulic consumer not serving the steering of the vessel, in the sense of a loading of the steering cylinder with the Hydraulic steering system can be coupled. In other words, in the watercraft according to the invention, an independent hydraulic system, which normally has nothing to do with the steering in normal operation, can be actively hydraulically coupled to the hydraulic steering system by providing prepared connections which are blocked during normal operation of the watercraft. be opened with the result that the hydraulic steering cylinder in emergency mode - in case of failure of essential components of the hydraulic steering system - can be acted upon by the provided by the separate hydraulic unit hydraulic energy. Depending on the individual watercraft, which is carried out according to the present invention, different systems come into consideration as suitable further hydraulic systems, which can be used in the context of the present invention for the Notlenkfunktion set out above. To think here is particularly to one of the trim of the vessel, ie the operation of a trim serving separate hydraulic system. Such is, after in typical applications the trim system is located in close proximity to the steering system, particularly favorable. However, various other separate hydraulic systems can be used, such as the operation of a winch, a clutch or the like serving hydraulic systems.

Die vorliegende Erfindung wendet sich auf diese Weise gezielt und bewusst von dem wiederholt vorgeschlagenen Ansatz ab, ein einziges Hydraulikaggregat sowohl zur Beaufschlagung des mindestens einen Lenkzylinders und zumindest eines weiteren hydraulischen Verbrauchers (insbesondere mindestens eines hydraulischen Trimmzylinders) heranzuziehen (vgl. JP 2004-001640 A , US 4,836,810 A , US 6,416,370 B1 ). Vielmehr ist, wie weiter oben dargelegt und nachstehend in größerem Detail erläutert wird, bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Wasserfahrzeug - in ausdrücklicher Abkehr von den Konzeptionen gemäß dem vorstehend genannten Stand der Technik - zwingend mindestens ein, bei bestimmungsgemäßer Funktion keinerlei Zusammenhang zum Lenksystem des Wasserfahrzeugs aufweisendes, ein gesondertes Hydraulikaggregat umfassendes (gesondertes) Hydrauliksystem in Notsituationen - durch Öffnen von im Normalbetrieb geschlossenen Verbindungen (s.o.) - an das hydraulische Lenksystem koppelbar. Auf diese Weise lässt sich, durch Inbetriebnahme der hierdurch bereitgestellten Notlenkung, eine Lenkung des Wasserfahrzeugs auch bei Ausfall des hydraulischen Lenksystems bzw. wesentlicher Komponenten desselben aufrechterhalten, so dass selbst in diesem Falle eine Rückkehr in den bzw. einen Hafen aus eigener Kraft möglich ist.The present invention deliberately and consciously turns away from the repeatedly proposed approach of using a single hydraulic unit both for acting on the at least one steering cylinder and at least one further hydraulic consumer (in particular at least one hydraulic trim cylinder) (cf. JP 2004-001640 A . US 4,836,810 A . US Pat. No. 6,416,370 B1 ). Rather, as explained above and explained in more detail below, in a watercraft according to the invention - in express departure from the concepts according to the above-mentioned prior art - mandatory at least one, at normal function no relationship to the steering system of the vessel exhibiting a Separate hydraulic unit comprehensive (separate) hydraulic system in emergency situations - by opening closed in normal operation connections (see above) - coupled to the hydraulic steering system. In this way, by commissioning the thus provided emergency steering, a steering of the vessel maintained even in case of failure of the hydraulic steering system or essential components thereof, so that even in this case a return to or a port is possible on its own.

Eine erste bevorzugte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Wasserfahrzeugs zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass das (gesonderte) Hydrauliksystem mit dem hydraulischen Lenksystem über Notventile koppelbar ist, wobei mittels der besagten Notventile die weiter oben bereits erläuterten, im Normalbetrieb geschlossenen Verbindungen zwischen den beiden Hydräuliksystemen öffnen. Die Notventile können dabei insbesondere manuell, mechanisch oder aber, beispielsweise als Magnetventile ausgeführt, elektrisch betätigbar sein. Besonders bevorzugt ist dabei am Bedienpult des bzw. eines Steuerstands ein als solches gekennzeichneter Betätigungsschalter für die Aktivierung der "Notlenkung" vorgesehen, durch dessen Betätigung die besagten Notventile geschaltet werden. Namentlich dann, wenn der mindestens eine hydraulische Verbraucher, dessen Betätigung das (gesonderte) Hydrauliksystem im Normalbetrieb des betreffenden Wasserfahrzeugs dient, für dessen Notbetrieb nicht zwingend erforderlich ist, wie dies typischerweise für eine Trimmeinrichtung gilt, so kann dabei vorgesehen sein, dass der besagte hydraulische Verbraucher mittels der Notventile von dem (gesonderten) Hydrauliksystem entkoppelbar ist, wenn das zugeordnete Hydraulikaggregat durch Betätigung der Notventile mit dem hydraulischen Lenksystem gekoppelt wird. Das betreffende gesonderte Hydraulikaggregat steht in diesem Falle im Notbetrieb ausschließlich für die Notlenkung zur Verfügung; eine Kollision mit der Funktion, die es im Normalbetrieb erfüllt, ist damit ausgeschlossen.A first preferred development of the watercraft according to the invention is characterized in that the (separate) hydraulic system with the hydraulic steering system can be coupled via emergency valves, said by means of said emergency valves the already explained above, closed in normal operation connections between the two Hydräuliksystemen. The emergency valves may in particular be manually, mechanically or else, for example, designed as solenoid valves, be electrically actuated. Particularly preferably, an operating switch designated as such for the activation of the "emergency steering" is provided on the control panel of or a control station, by the actuation of which said emergency valves are switched. Namely, if the at least one hydraulic consumer whose operation the (separate) hydraulic system in the normal operation of the vessel in question is not absolutely necessary for its emergency operation, as is typically the case for a trimming device, then it can be provided that the said hydraulic Consumer can be decoupled by the emergency valves of the (separate) hydraulic system when the associated hydraulic unit is coupled by actuation of the emergency valves with the hydraulic steering system. The relevant separate hydraulic unit is in this case in emergency only for the emergency steering available; a collision with the function that fulfills it in normal operation is thus excluded.

Alternativ zu der vorstehend erläuterten automatischen Entkopplung des gesonderten Hydraulikaggregats von dem zugeordneten hydraulischen Verbraucher kommt in Betracht, dass das Hydrauliksystem zur Beeinflussung der Beaufschlagung des zugeordneten hydraulischen Verbrauchers Schaltventile, insbesondere manuell betätigbare Schaltventile aufweist. Diese können im Notfall so geschaltet werden, dass eine Betätigung des hydraulischen Verbrauchers durch das gesonderte Hydraulikaggregat unterbleibt, womit letzteres vollständig und ausschließlich zur Notbetätigung des Lenkzylinders zur Verfügung steht.As an alternative to the above-described automatic decoupling of the separate hydraulic unit from the associated hydraulic consumer, it is possible to in that the hydraulic system has switching valves, in particular manually operated switching valves, for influencing the admission of the associated hydraulic consumer. These can be switched in an emergency so that actuation of the hydraulic load is omitted by the separate hydraulic unit, whereby the latter is completely and exclusively for emergency operation of the steering cylinder available.

Im Interesse einer gesteigerten Sicherheit des erfindungsgemäßen Wasserfahrzeugs kann je nach der Ausführung des hydraulischen Lenksystems weiterhin vorteilhaft sein, wenn das hydraulische Lenksystem in eine Schwimmstellung schaltbar und/oder die mechanische Kopplung des Antriebskopfes mit dem hydraulischen Lenkzylinder lösbar ist. Auf diese Weise lässt sich gewährleisten, dass auch bei gesperrten Komponenten des hydraulischen Lenksystems eine der Steuerung des Wasserfahrzeugs im Notbetrieb dienende Verstellung des Antriebskopfes notfalls von Hand möglich ist.In the interest of increased safety of the watercraft according to the invention may also be advantageous depending on the design of the hydraulic steering system when the hydraulic steering system switchable in a floating position and / or the mechanical coupling of the drive head with the hydraulic steering cylinder is solvable. In this way, it is possible to ensure that even when the components of the hydraulic steering system are locked, an adjustment of the drive head serving to control the vessel during emergency operation is possible by hand, if necessary.

Gemäß einer abermals anderen bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Wasserfahrzeugs ist die Hydraulikpumpe des hydraulischen Lenksystems Teil eines Lenkhydraulikaggregats, d.h. eines einen eigenständigen, allein dem Antrieb der Hydraulikpumpe des hydraulischen Lenksystems dienenden Antriebsmotor umfassenden Hydraulikaggregats, wobei der Antriebsmotor insbesondere in Form eines Elektromotors ausgeführt ist. Denn in diesem Falle ergibt sich die besonders vorteilhafte konstruktive Möglichkeit, dass das Lenkhydraulikaggregat und das (gesonderte) Hydraulikaggregat, welches zur Notlenkung heranziehbar ist, eine (einzige) Baugruppe bilden. In diesem Sinne können namentlich die Hydraulikpumpe des hydraulischen Lenksystems und die Hydraulikpumpe des - das gesonderte Hydraulikaggregat umfassenden - Hydrauliksystems in bzw. an einem gemeinsamen Pumpenblock untergebracht sein und/oder die besagte Baugruppe einen gemeinsamen Anschlussblock umfassen. Dies wiederum eröffnet die Möglichkeit, eine Notventileinheit in dem weiter oben erläuterten Sinne, mittels derer das (gesonderte) Hydraulikaggregat mit dem hydraulischen Lenksystem koppelbar ist, in dem Anschlussblock und/oder dem Pumpenblock integriert unterzubringen. Es bedarf in diesem Falle keiner gesonderten Verbindungsleitungen, was unter Gesichtspunkten der Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit wie auch unter Gesichtspunkten der Montage sowie der Wartung besonders günstig ist. Besonders vorteilhaft ist dabei wiederum, wenn das Lenkhydraulikaggregat und das gesonderte Hydraulikaggregat - gemäß einer abermaligen Weiterbildung der Erfindung - aus einem einzigen, gemeinsamen Hydrauliktank versorgt werden. Dies ist unter Gesichtspunkten der Betriebssicherheit äußerst vorteilhaft. Dabei können namentlich die Motoren des Lenkhydraulikaggregats und des Hydraulikaggregats einander benachbart an einer Seite eines Anschluss- und/oder Pumpenblocks und der gemeinsame Hydrauliktank an der anderen Seite des betreffenden Anschluss- und/oder Pumpenblocks angeordnet sein. Eine besonders günstige Möglichkeit der Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Wasserfahrzeugs, die sich hierdurch eröffnet, besteht darin, den Hydrauliktank außenbords, die übrigen Komponenten der Hydrauliksysteme indessen innerhalb des Rumpfes anzuordnen.According to yet another preferred embodiment of the watercraft according to the invention, the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic steering system is part of a steering hydraulic unit, ie an independent, solely the drive of the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic steering system serving drive motor comprehensive hydraulic unit, wherein the drive motor is designed in particular in the form of an electric motor. Because in this case results in the particularly advantageous constructive possibility that the steering hydraulic unit and the (separate) hydraulic unit, which is approachable for emergency steering, form a (single) assembly. In particular, the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic steering system and the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic system comprising the separate hydraulic unit can be accommodated in or on a common pump block and / or the said assembly can comprise a common connection block. This in turn opens up the possibility of an emergency valve unit in the sense explained above, by means of which the (separate) hydraulic unit can be coupled to the hydraulic steering system integrated in the terminal block and / or the pump block to accommodate. It requires in this case no separate connection lines, which is particularly favorable from the viewpoints of safety and reliability as well as from the point of view of installation and maintenance. In turn, it is particularly advantageous if the steering hydraulic unit and the separate hydraulic unit are - according to a further development of the invention - supplied from a single, common hydraulic tank. This is extremely advantageous from the point of view of operational safety. In particular, the motors of the steering hydraulic unit and the hydraulic unit may be arranged adjacent to each other on one side of a connection and / or pump block and the common hydraulic tank on the other side of the relevant connection and / or pump block. A particularly favorable possibility of development of the watercraft according to the invention, which thereby opens up, is to arrange the hydraulic tank outboard, while the other components of the hydraulic systems within the fuselage meanwhile.

Im Sinne der weiter oben bereits erläuterten Steer-by-Wire Lenkkonzeption zeichnet sich eine wiederum andere bevorzugte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Wasserfahrzeugs dadurch aus, dass das hydraulische Lenksystem elektrisch angesteuerte Steuerventile umfasst, auf die mit einer Lenkeinrichtung verbundene Geber wirken, die mit dem mindestens einen Steuerventil über Steuerleitungen verbunden sind, wobei die Lenkeinrichtung insbesondere als elektronisches Lenkrad ausgeführt sein kann. Alternativ kann das hydraulische Lenksystem mit einem Hydraulikaggregat, dessen Elektromotor reversierbar und über eine von einem elektronischen Lenkrad beaufschlagte Steuereinheit gesteuert ausgeführt ist, ausgestattet sein. Ergänzend zu der erfindungsgemäßen Möglichkeit, bei Ausfall des hydraulischen Lenksystems eine Notlenkung bereitzustellen, kann mindestens eines der - auf verschiedene Steuerstände verteilt angeordneten - elektronischen Lenkräder des betreffenden Wasserfahrzeugs ein kombiniertes elektronisches/ hydraulisches Lenkrad mit einer zusätzlichen konventionellen Helmpumpe bilden, welche mit dem hydraulischen Lenksystem koppelbar ist. In diesem Falle stünde ein mehrstufiges Notlenksystem in dem Sinne bereit, dass bei Ausfall der Steer-by-Wire Lenkung zunächst das konventionelle hydraulische Lenksystem in Betrieb genommen werden könnte, wobei, sollte auch dieses versagen, als zweite Stufe das erfindungsgemäße Notlenksystem aktiviert werden könnte.In the sense of the steer-by-wire steering concept already explained above, another turn preferred development of the watercraft according to the invention is characterized in that the hydraulic steering system comprises electrically controlled control valves act on the associated with a steering device donors, with the at least one control valve are connected via control lines, wherein the steering device may be designed in particular as an electronic steering wheel. Alternatively, the hydraulic steering system may be equipped with a hydraulic unit whose electric motor is reversible and controlled by a control unit acted upon by an electronic steering wheel. In addition to the possibility according to the invention of providing emergency steering in the event of a failure of the hydraulic steering system, at least one of the electronic steering wheels of the vessel in question can form a combined electronic / hydraulic steering wheel with an additional conventional helm pump, which can be coupled to the hydraulic steering system is. In this case, a multistage emergency steering system would be available in the sense that in the event of failure of the steer-by-wire steering system, the conventional hydraulic steering system could first be put into operation; if this too failed, the emergency steering system according to the invention could be activated as a second stage.

Nur der Vollständigkeit halber wird, was ohnehin aus den vorstehenden Erläuterungen ersichtlich ist, darauf hingewiesen, dass die vorliegende Erfindung für Wasserfahrzeuge mit den unterschiedlichsten Antriebskonzepten gleichermaßen einsetzbar ist. So kann der Antriebskopf beispielweise mindestens eine um eine Rotationsachse drehbar gelagerte Schraube umfassen und/oder der Antriebsmotor als Verbrennungsmotor ausgeführt sein, wobei insbesondere die Ausführung des Motors als Außenbordmotor wie auch als Inboard-Motor mit nachgeschaltetem Z-Antrieb in Betracht kommt.Only for the sake of completeness, it will be noted, as can be seen anyway from the above explanations, that the present invention relates to watercraft with a wide variety of drive concepts is equally applicable. Thus, for example, the drive head may comprise at least one screw rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation and / or the drive motor may be designed as an internal combustion engine, wherein in particular the design of the engine as an outboard engine as well as an inboard engine with downstream Z drive comes into consideration.

Im Folgenden wird die vorliegende Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung veranschaulichten besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt

Fig. 1
in schematischer Draufsicht ein als Sport-Motorboot ausgeführtes Ausführungsbeispiel für ein Wasserfahrzeug nach der vorliegenden Erfindung,
Fig. 2
einen Hydraulikschaltplan für das in Fig. 1 veranschaulichte Sport-Motorboot,
Fig. 3
eine bei dem Sport-Motorboot nach Fig. 1 eingesetzte zwei Hydraulikpumpen umfassende Baugruppe in Seitenansicht,
Fig. 4
die Baugruppe nach Fig. 3 in Draufsicht von der Motorseite her, wobei der Elektromotor des Lenkhydraulikaggregats aus Gründen der Darstellung nur angedeutet ist, und
Fig. 5
einen Hydraulikschaltplan eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Wasserfahrzeugs nach der vorliegenden Erfindung.
In the following, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a particularly preferred embodiment illustrated in the drawing. It shows
Fig. 1
in a schematic plan view of a running as a sports motor boat embodiment of a watercraft according to the present invention,
Fig. 2
a hydraulic circuit diagram for the in Fig. 1 illustrated sport motorboat,
Fig. 3
one at the sport motorboat after Fig. 1 used assembly comprising two hydraulic pumps in side view,
Fig. 4
the module after Fig. 3 in plan view from the engine side, wherein the electric motor of the steering hydraulic unit is only indicated for the sake of illustration, and
Fig. 5
a hydraulic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a watercraft according to the present invention.

Das in Fig. 1 gezeigte Wasserfahrzeug mit Z-Antrieb umfasst einem Rumpf 1 und einen Antriebsmotor 2. Dieser wirkt über einen Antriebsstrang 3 auf einen Antriebskopf 4, welcher ein Vortriebsmittel 5 in Form einer Schraube 6 umfasst. Der Antriebskopf 4 ist relativ zum Rumpf 1 bezüglich einer Lenkachse 7 seitwärts schwenkbar gelagert. Zur Seitenverstellung des Antriebskopfes 4 relativ zum Rumpf 1 ist ein hydraulischer Lenkzylinder 8 vorgesehen, der über ein Lenkgestänge 9 auf den Antriebskopf 4 einwirkt. Mittels eines Trimmzylinders 10 ist der Antriebskopf 4 weiterhin um eine horizontale, quer zur Längsachse X des Bootes verlaufende Schwenkachse 11 (Querachse) verstellbar. Da das gezeigte Sport-Motorboot in diesem Umfang dem hinlänglich bekannten Stand der Technik entspricht, sind weitergehende Erläuterungen entbehrlich.This in Fig. 1 Z-drive watercraft shown comprises a hull 1 and a drive motor 2. This acts via a drive train 3 on a drive head 4, which comprises a propulsion means 5 in the form of a screw 6. The drive head 4 is mounted relative to the hull 1 with respect to a steering axis 7 sideways pivotally. For lateral adjustment of the drive head 4 relative to the hull 1, a hydraulic steering cylinder 8 is provided, which acts on the drive head 4 via a steering linkage 9. By means of a trim cylinder 10, the drive head 4 is further adjustable about a horizontal, transverse to the longitudinal axis X of the boat pivot axis 11 (transverse axis). Since the sports motorboat shown to this extent corresponds to the well-known state of the art, further explanations are unnecessary.

Im Bereich des Führerstandes 12 des Sport-Motorboots sind als Bedienelemente ein die Lenkeinrichtung bildendes Lenkrad 13 und ein Bedienpult 14 angeordnet. Sowohl das Lenkrad 13 als auch das Bedienpult 14 stehen über Steuerleitungen 15 mit der Steuereinheit 16 in Verbindung.In the area of the driver's cab 12 of the sports motorboat, a steering wheel 13 forming the steering device and a control panel 14 are arranged as operating elements. Both the steering wheel 13 and the control panel 14 are connected via control lines 15 to the control unit 16 in connection.

In der Steuereinheit 16 werden die durch das (elektronische) Lenkrad 13 und das Bedienpult 14 erzeugten Eingangssignale in Ausgangssignale umgesetzt, der über Signalleitungen 17 auf die Hydraulikgruppe 18 geschaltet werden. Die Hydraulikgruppe 18 umfasst ein der Beaufschlagung des hydraulischen Lenkzylinders 8 dienendes hydraulisches Lenksystem 19, das seinerseits eine Hydraulikpumpe 20 umfasst, welche von einem (reversierbaren) Elektromotor 21 angetrieben und somit Teil eines Lenkhydraulikaggregats 22 ist. Zu dem hydraulischen Lenksystem gehören weiterhin (vgl. Fig. 2), wie die als solches bekant ist, insbesondere ein Wechselventil 23, zwei entsperrbare Rückschlagventile 24 und zwei Druckbegrenzungsventile 25. Über die Anschlüsse L und R ist das hydraulische Lenksystem 19 mit den beiden Arbeitsräumen 26 und 27 des hydraulischen Lenkzylinders 8 verbunden. Der von der Batterie 28 der Bordelektrik versorgte Elektromotor 21 des Lenkhydraulikaggregats 22 wird im Normalbetrieb des Motor-Sportboots durch Drehen des Lenkrades 13 gesteuert.In the control unit 16, the input signals generated by the (electronic) steering wheel 13 and the control panel 14 are converted into output signals which are switched to the hydraulic group 18 via signal lines 17. The hydraulic group 18 comprises a hydraulic steering system 19 serving to act on the hydraulic steering cylinder 8, which in turn comprises a hydraulic pump 20 driven by a (reversible) electric motor 21 and thus part of a steering hydraulic unit 22. To the hydraulic steering system continue to belong (see. Fig. 2 ), as bekant as such, in particular a shuttle valve 23, two pilot-operated check valves 24 and two Pressure limiting valves 25. About the ports L and R, the hydraulic steering system 19 with the two working spaces 26 and 27 of the hydraulic steering cylinder 8 is connected. The powered by the battery 28 of the on-board electric motor 21 of the steering hydraulic unit 22 is controlled in normal operation of the motor sports boat by turning the steering wheel 13.

Der Trimmzylinder 10 stellt einen nicht der Lenkung des Motor-Sportboots dienenden hydraulischen Verbraucher 29 dar. Dieser wird durch ein weiteres, von dem hydraulischen Lenksystem 19 verschiedenes Hydrauliksystem 30 beaufschlagt, welches ein gesondertes Hydraulikaggregat 31 umfasst. Das gesonderte Hydraulikaggregat 31 umfasst seinerseits eine Hydraulikpumpe 32, welche von einem (reversierbaren) Elektromotor 33 angetrieben ist. Zu dem bestimmungsgemäß der Beaufschlagung des hydraulischen Verbrauchers 29 dienenden Hydrauliksystem 30 gehören weiterhin insbesondere ein Wechselventil 34, zwei entsperrbare Rückschlagventile 35 und zwei Druckbegrenzungsventile 36. Über die Anschlüsse H und S ist das Hydrauliksystem 30 mit den beiden Arbeitsräumen 37 und 38 des hydraulischen Trimmzylinders 10 verbunden. Der von der Batterie 28 der Bordelektrik versorgte Elektromotor 33 des gesonderten Hydraulikaggregats 31 wird im Normalbetrieb des Motor-Sportboots durch Betätigen der an dem Bedienpult 14 angeordneten Knöpfe 39 (Heben) und 40 (Senken) gesteuert.The trimming cylinder 10 represents a hydraulic consumer 29 which does not serve the steering of the motor sport boat. This is acted upon by a further hydraulic system 30, which is different from the hydraulic steering system 19 and comprises a separate hydraulic unit 31. The separate hydraulic unit 31 in turn comprises a hydraulic pump 32, which is driven by a (reversible) electric motor 33. To the intended purpose of the loading of the hydraulic load 29 serving hydraulic system 30 further includes in particular a shuttle valve 34, two pilot-operated check valves 35 and two pressure relief valves 36. About the terminals H and S, the hydraulic system 30 is connected to the two working chambers 37 and 38 of the hydraulic trimming cylinder 10 , The powered by the battery 28 of the on-board electric motor 33 of the separate hydraulic unit 31 is controlled in normal operation of the motor sports boat by pressing the control panel 14 arranged on the buttons 39 (lifting) and 40 (sinks).

Um eine Notlenkfunktion bereitzustellen, unter deren Verwendung das Motor-Sportboot auch bei einem Ausfall des Lenkrades 13, der diesem nachgeschalteten Signalverarbeitung in der Steuereinheit 16 und/oder von Komponenten des hydraulischen Lenksystems 19 noch steuerbar ist, ist das weitere Hydrauliksystem 30 im Sinne einer Beaufschlagung des hydraulischen Lenkzylinders 8 mit dem hydraulischen Lenksystem 19 koppelbar. Hierzu ist dem Anschluss H des Hydrauliksystems 30 ein erstes Notventil 41 und dem Anschluss S des Hydrauliksystems 30 ein zweites Notventil 42 zugeordnet. Jedes der beiden Notventile 41 und 42 ist solchermaßen als 3/2-Wegeventil ausgeführt, dass im Normalbetrieb, d.h. bei stromlosem Zustand des jeweiligen Elektromagneten 43, das Hydrauliksystem 30 den Trimmzylinder 10 beaufschlagt. Im Notlenkbetrieb sind indessen die Elektromagnete 43 der beiden Notventile 41 und 42 erregt, was dazu führt, dass das Hydrauliksystem 30 über die Notventile 41 und 42 mit dem hydraulischen Lenksystem 19 koppelbar ist, wobei zugleich der hydraulische Verbraucher 29 (Trimmzylinder 10) mittels der Notventile von dem Hydrauliksystem 30 entkoppelt wird.In order to provide an emergency steering function, with the use of the motor sport boat even with a failure of the steering wheel 13, the downstream signal processing in the control unit 16 and / or components of the hydraulic steering system 19 is still controllable, the further hydraulic system 30 in the sense of acting on the hydraulic steering cylinder 8 with the hydraulic steering system 19 can be coupled. For this purpose, a first emergency valve 41 and the port S of the hydraulic system 30, a second emergency valve 42 is assigned to the terminal H of the hydraulic system 30. Each of the two emergency valves 41 and 42 is designed in such a way as a 3/2-way valve, that in normal operation, ie when energized state of the respective electromagnet 43, the hydraulic system 30, the trim cylinder 10 is applied. In emergency steering operation, however, the electromagnets 43 of the two emergency valves 41 and 42 are energized, resulting in that the hydraulic system 30 via the emergency valves 41 and 42 with the hydraulic steering system 19 can be coupled, at the same time the hydraulic consumer 29 (trimming cylinder 10) by means of emergency valves is decoupled from the hydraulic system 30.

Um das Motor-Sportboot im Notlenkbetrieb zu steuern, sind an dem Bedienpult 14 zwei Notlenkknöpfe vorgesehen, nämlich ein erster Notlenkknopf 44 und ein zweiter Notlenkknopf 45. Die Betätigung jedes der beiden Notlenkknöpfe 44 und 45 schaltet beide Notventile 41 und 42 in die Notlenkstellung, in der das Hydrauliksystem 30 in dem oben beschriebenen Sinne mit dem hydraulischen Lenksystem 19 gekoppelt ist. Wird der erste Notlenkknopf 44 betätigt, wird das gesonderte Hydraulikaggregat 31 so angesteuert, dass Hydrauliköl in die mit dem Anschluss L des hydraulischen Lenksystems 19 gekoppelte Leitung NL gepumpt wird. Bei einer Betätigung des zweiten Notlenkknopfs 45 wird das gesonderte Hydraulikaggregat 31 indessen mit umgekehrter Förderrichtung betrieben, so dass Hydrauliköl in die mit dem Anschluss R des hydraulischen Lenksystems 19 gekoppelte Leitung NR gepumpt wird. Da die beiden Rückschlagventile 24 des hydraulischen Lenksystems 19 gesperrt sind, ist eine Betätigung des hydraulischen Lenkzylinders 8 durch das weitere Hydrauliksystem 30 im Notlenkmodus sichergestellt.To control the motor sport boat in emergency steering, two emergency steering buttons are provided on the control panel 14, namely a first Notlenkknopf 44 and a second Notlenkknopf 45. The operation of each of the two Notlenkknöpfe 44 and 45 switches both emergency valves 41 and 42 in the Notlenkstellung, in the hydraulic system 30 is coupled to the hydraulic steering system 19 in the sense described above. If the first emergency steering button 44 is actuated, the separate hydraulic unit 31 is activated so that hydraulic oil is pumped into the line NL coupled to the port L of the hydraulic steering system 19. Upon actuation of the second emergency steering button 45, the separate hydraulic unit 31, however, with the reverse Operating direction, so that hydraulic oil is pumped into the coupled with the port R of the hydraulic steering system 19 line NR. Since the two check valves 24 of the hydraulic steering system 19 are locked, an actuation of the hydraulic steering cylinder 8 is ensured by the further hydraulic system 30 in Notlenkmodus.

Das Lenkhydraulikaggregat 22 und das gesonderte Hydraulikaggregat 31 bilden eine Baugruppe 46 (vgl. Fig. 3 und 4). Zu diesem Zweck sind der Pumpenblock 47 der Hydraulikpumpe 20 des hydraulischen Lenksystems 19 und der Pumpenblock 48 der Hydraulikpumpe 32 des weiteren Hydrauliksystems 30 auf einem gemeinsamen Anschlussblock 49 angeordnet, wobei ersichtlich die beiden Pumpen alternativ auch in einem einzigen, gemeinsamen an dem Anschlussblock 49 angeflanschten Pumpenblock untergebracht sein könnten.The steering hydraulic unit 22 and the separate hydraulic unit 31 form an assembly 46 (see. Fig. 3 and 4 ). For this purpose, the pump block 47 of the hydraulic pump 20 of the hydraulic steering system 19 and the pump block 48 of the hydraulic pump 32 of the other hydraulic system 30 are arranged on a common connection block 49, wherein the two pumps alternatively also in a single, common to the terminal block 49 flanged pump block could be accommodated.

Das Lenkhydraulikaggregat 22 und das gesonderte Hydraulikaggregat 31 werden aus einem gemeinsamen Hydrauliktank 50 versorgt. Dabei sind der Motor 21 des Lenkhydraulikaggregats 22 und der Motor 33 des gesonderten Hydraulikaggregats 31 einander benachbart an einer Seite eines Anschlussblocks 49 und der gemeinsame Hydrauliktank 50 an der anderen Seite des betreffenden Anschlussblocks 49 angeordnet. Ebenfalls an dem gemeinsamen Anschlussblock 49 angeordnet sind die beiden Notventile 41 und 42. Deren hydraulische Komponenten sind in dem Anschlussblock 49 untergebracht; die beiden zugehörigen Elektromagnete 43 sind benachbart zu den Pumpenblöcken 47 und 48 auf dem Anschlussblock 49 montiert. Erkennbar sind die beiden an den Anschlussblock angeschraubten Montagewinkel M, mittels derer die gesamte Baugruppe 46 im Boot an geeigneter Stelle montiert werden kann.The steering hydraulic unit 22 and the separate hydraulic unit 31 are supplied from a common hydraulic tank 50. In this case, the motor 21 of the steering hydraulic unit 22 and the motor 33 of the separate hydraulic unit 31 are arranged adjacent to each other on one side of a connection block 49 and the common hydraulic tank 50 on the other side of the respective connection block 49. Also arranged on the common connection block 49 are the two emergency valves 41 and 42. Their hydraulic components are accommodated in the connection block 49; the two associated electromagnets 43 are mounted adjacent to the pump blocks 47 and 48 on the terminal block 49. The two are recognizable the connection block screwed mounting bracket M, by means of which the entire assembly 46 can be mounted in the boat at a suitable location.

Als mögliche Weiterbildung des bisher beschriebenen Motor-Sportbootes ist in Fig. 2 die optionale Anordnung eines zweiten Steuerstandes 51 mit einem weiteren Lenkrad 52 angedeutet. Dieses ist als kombiniertes elektronisches/hydraulisches Lenkrad mit einer zusätzlichen konventionellen Helmpumpe 53 ausgeführt, die mit dem hydraulischen Lenksystem 19 koppelbar ist.As a possible development of the previously described motor sports boat is in Fig. 2 the optional arrangement of a second control station 51 with a further steering wheel 52 indicated. This is designed as a combined electronic / hydraulic steering wheel with an additional conventional helicopter pump 53 which is coupled to the hydraulic steering system 19.

Anstelle der gezeigten Gestaltung der beiden Hydrauliksysteme, d.h. des hydraulischen Lenksystems 19 und des weiteren Hydrauliksystems 30, mit jeweils einem Hydraulikaggregat 22 bzw. 31, dessen Elektromotor 21 bzw. 33 reversierbar und über die Steuereinheit gesteuert ausgeführt ist, kann jedes der Hydrauliksysteme auf andere als solches bekannte Art ausgeführt sein. Beispielsweise kann die Beaufschlagung des hydraulischen Lenkzylinders 8 und des hydraulischen Verbrauchers 29 über elektrisch betätigte, verstellbare Steuerventile gesteuert sein, die über Steuerleitungen mit dem jeweils zugeordneten Geber, d.h. insbesondere dem Lenkrad und dem Bedienpult verbunden sind. Dies erschließt sich für den Fachmann unter Berücksichtigung des einschlägigen Standes der Technik ohne weiteres aus der vorstehenden Erläuterung der vorliegenden Erfindung, so dass von einer gesonderten Veranschaulichung dieser Variante abgesehen wird.Instead of the illustrated design of the two hydraulic systems, i. of the hydraulic steering system 19 and the further hydraulic system 30, each having a hydraulic unit 22 and 31, the electric motor 21 and 33 is designed to be reversible and controlled by the control unit, each of the hydraulic systems can be designed in other known as such type. For example, the actuation of the hydraulic steering cylinder 8 and the hydraulic consumer 29 may be controlled by electrically operated adjustable control valves which are connected via control lines to the respectively assigned transmitter, i. in particular the steering wheel and the control panel are connected. This will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, having regard to the relevant prior art, from the above explanation of the present invention, so that a separate illustration of this variant is dispensed with.

Das Hydrauliksystem nach Fig. 5 unterscheidet sich von demjenigen nach Fig. 2 im Wesentlichen allein durch eine andersartige Ausführung des hydraulischen Lenksystems 19'. Und zwar kommt nach Fig. 5 kein reversierbares Lenkhydraulikaggregat zum Einsatz, sondern vielmehr ein eine von einem Elektromotor 21' angetriebene Hydraulikpumpe 20' umfassendes nicht-reversierbares Lenkhydraulikaggregat 22'. Demgemäß ist weiterhin ein elektrisch betätigbares, als 4/3-Wegeventil ausgeführtes Steuerventil 54 vorgesehen. Das Steuerventil 54 ist im Sinne eines Steer-by-Wire Lenkkonzepts über Steuerleitungen 57 mit der Steuereinheit 16 verbunden. Es kann durch entsprechende Beaufschlagung durch die Steuereinheit 16, d.h. Erregung eines der zugeordneten Elektromagneten, aus der (in Fig. 5 veranschaulichten) neutralen Stellung, in der der hydraulische Lenkzylinder 8 durch die beiden Rückschlagventile 24 gesperrt ist (Stellung: Halten), in eine erste und eine zweite aktivierte Stellung (Stellungen: Lenken links bzw. Lenken rechts) verstellt werden, in den der Druckanschluss der Hydraulikpumpe 20' mit dem Anschluss L bzw. dem Anschluss R verbunden ist und den hydraulischen Lenkzylinder 8 verstellt. Das hydraulische Lenksystem 19' umfasst weiterhin, wie dies als solches bekannt ist, einen zuströmseitig zur Hydraulikpumpe 20' angeordneten Filter 55, ein Druckregelventil 56 und ein Rückschlagventil 58.The hydraulic system after Fig. 5 differs from the one after Fig. 2 essentially alone by one different type of hydraulic steering system 19 '. And comes after Fig. 5 no reversible steering hydraulic power unit is used, but rather a one of an electric motor 21 'driven hydraulic pump 20' comprehensive non-reversible steering hydraulic unit 22 '. Accordingly, an electrically operable, designed as a 4/3-way valve control valve 54 is further provided. The control valve 54 is connected via control lines 57 to the control unit 16 in the sense of a steer-by-wire steering concept. It can by appropriate action by the control unit 16, ie excitation of one of the associated electromagnet, from the (in Fig. 5 illustrated) neutral position in which the hydraulic steering cylinder 8 is locked by the two check valves 24 (position: holding), in a first and a second activated position (positions: steering left or steering right) are adjusted, in which the pressure port of Hydraulic pump 20 'is connected to the port L and the port R and the hydraulic steering cylinder 8 adjusted. The hydraulic steering system 19 'furthermore comprises, as is known per se, a filter 55 arranged on the inflow side to the hydraulic pump 20', a pressure regulating valve 56 and a check valve 58.

Die Unterbringung der Komponenten des hydraulischen Lenksystems 19' kann in entsprechender Weise gelöst werden, wie dies vorstehend im Zusammenhang mit den Fig. 3 und 4 erläutert wurde. D.h., auch in diesem Falle können insbesondere die beiden Hydraulikaggregate 22' und 31 zu einer gemeinsamen Baugruppe, die auch alle in einem gemeinsamen Anschluss- und Ventilblock untergebrachten Ventile umfasst, zusammengefasst sein.The accommodation of the components of the hydraulic steering system 19 'can be solved in a corresponding manner, as described above in connection with Fig. 3 and 4 was explained. That is, even in this case, in particular the two hydraulic units 22 'and 31 to a common assembly, all in a common Includes connection and valve block housed valves, be summarized.

Für die Funktion der Notlenkung des mit der Hydraulikanlage nach dem in Fig. 5 gezeigten Schaltplan ausgestatteten Wasserfahrzeugs über das weitere Hydrauliksystem 30, welches wiederum im Normalbetrieb der Betätigung des Trimmzylinders 10 dient, gelten die vorstehenden Erläuterungen, auf die zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen verwiesen wird, für in entsprechender Weise.For the function of the emergency steering of the hydraulic system after the in Fig. 5 shown circuit diagram equipped vessel via the further hydraulic system 30, which in turn is used in normal operation of the operation of the trim cylinder 10, the above explanations, to which reference is made to avoid repetition, apply in a corresponding manner.

Claims (14)

  1. A water craft comprising at least one hull (1) and at least one drive motor (2) having an operative drive connection via a drive train (3) to a drive head (4) comprising a propulsion means (5), wherein the drive head is mounted to pivot laterally relative to the at least one hull around a steering axis (7) and at least one hydraulic steering cylinder (8) is provided for lateral adjustment of the drive head relative to the hull, the hydraulic steering cylinder (8) being acted on by a hydraulic steering system (19, 19') comprising a hydraulic pump (21, 21'),
    characterized in that
    a hydraulic system (30), which comprises a separate hydraulic power unit (31) designed to act on a hydraulic power consuming load (29) that is not intended to steer the water craft, can be coupled with the hydraulic steering system (19, 19') to act on the hydraulic steering cylinder (8).
  2. A water craft according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic system (30) can be coupled with the hydraulic steering system (19, 19') via emergency valves (41, 42).
  3. A water craft according to claim 2, characterized in that the hydraulic power consuming load (29) can be decoupled from the hydraulic system (30) by emergency valves (41, 42).
  4. A water craft according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hydraulic system (30) has switching valves that can preferably be manually actuated for influencing the action on the associated hydraulic power consuming load (29).
  5. A water craft according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the hydraulic steering system (19, 19') can be switched into a floating position, and/or the mechanical coupling of the drive head (4) with the hydraulic steering cylinder (8) is detachable.
  6. A water craft according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the hydraulic power consuming load (29) is a trimming cylinder (10) for adjusting the drive head (4) around a transverse axis (11) or for adjusting separate trimming devices.
  7. A water craft according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the hydraulic power consuming load (29) is part of a hydraulic clutch, or of a hydraulic throttle, or of a hydraulic turning gear, or of a hydraulically operated winch, or of another adjusting device.
  8. A water craft according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the hydraulic pump (21, 21') of the hydraulic steering system (19, 19') is part of a steering hydraulic power unit (22, 22') that preferably comprises an electric motor drive.
  9. A water craft according to claim 8, characterized in that the steering hydraulic power unit (22, 22') and the hydraulic power unit (31) form a subassembly (46), wherein the hydraulic pump (21, 21') of the hydraulic steering system (19, 19') and the hydraulic pump (32) of the hydraulic system (30) are preferably mounted in a common pump block.
  10. A water craft according to claim 9, characterized in that the subassembly (46) comprises a common connection block (49).
  11. A water craft according to claim 9 or claim 10, characterized in that the connection block (49) and/or the pump block contains an emergency valve unit (41, 42), by means of which the hydraulic power unit (31) can be coupled with the hydraulic steering system (19, 19').
  12. A water craft according to one of the claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the steering hydraulic power unit (22, 22') and the hydraulic power unit (31) are supplied from a common hydraulic tank (50), wherein the motors (21, 21'; 33) of the steering hydraulic power unit (22, 22') and of the hydraulic power unit (31) are arranged adjacent to one another on one side of a connection block (49) and/or of a pump block, while the common hydraulic tank (50) is disposed on the other side of the connection block and/or pump block.
  13. A water craft according to claim 12, characterized in that the hydraulic tank (50) is disposed outboard, while the other components are arranged inside the hull (1) .
  14. A water craft according to one of the claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the hydraulic steering system (19') comprises at least one electrically activated control valve (54), on which at least one transducer connected to a steering device acts.
EP10771032.9A 2009-10-30 2010-10-26 Water craft Active EP2493756B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102009051410A DE102009051410A1 (en) 2009-10-30 2009-10-30 water craft
PCT/EP2010/006521 WO2011050937A1 (en) 2009-10-30 2010-10-26 Water craft

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EP2493756B1 true EP2493756B1 (en) 2013-07-31

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DE102009051410A1 (en) 2011-05-05
US20120214369A1 (en) 2012-08-23
WO2011050937A1 (en) 2011-05-05
EP2493756A1 (en) 2012-09-05

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