EP2476290B1 - Contraintes de trafic dans un réseau sans fil à ondes millimétriques - Google Patents

Contraintes de trafic dans un réseau sans fil à ondes millimétriques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2476290B1
EP2476290B1 EP10815924.5A EP10815924A EP2476290B1 EP 2476290 B1 EP2476290 B1 EP 2476290B1 EP 10815924 A EP10815924 A EP 10815924A EP 2476290 B1 EP2476290 B1 EP 2476290B1
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Prior art keywords
time period
wireless communications
communications device
period
network controller
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2476290A4 (fr
EP2476290A2 (fr
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Carlos Cordeiro
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Intel Corp
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Intel Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery

Definitions

  • Wireless communications networks that operate with frequencies at or above a few tens of gigahertz (with corresponding wavelengths of a few millimeters or less) typically have a very short signal range and are therefore used primarily for personal area networks (PANs).
  • PANs personal area networks
  • Directional communications are frequently used to alleviate this problem, but typical methods of scheduling non-interfering wireless communications (such as the RTS/CTS technique) are not well suited for networks using directional communications.
  • US 2006/007907 A1 discloses a method which synchronizes transmissions through a channel in a wireless communications network including a device and multiple coordinators within transmission range of the device.
  • EP 2 088 827 A1 discloses synchronous and asynchronous interference management in wireless communication.
  • references to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “example embodiment”, “various embodiments”, etc., indicate that the embodiment(s) of the invention so described may include particular features, structures, or characteristics, but not every embodiment necessarily includes the particular features, structures, or characteristics. Further, some embodiments may have some, all, or none of the features described for other embodiments.
  • Coupled is used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other.
  • Connected is used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other.
  • Connected is used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other.
  • Connected is used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other.
  • Connected is used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other.
  • Coupled is used to indicate that two or more elements co-operate or interact with each other, but they may or may not be in direct physical or electrical contact.
  • Various embodiments of the invention may be implemented in one or any combination of hardware, firmware, and software.
  • the invention may also be implemented as instructions contained in or on a computer-readable medium, which may be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein.
  • a computer-readable medium may include any mechanism for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers.
  • a computer-readable medium may include a tangible storage medium, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory device, etc.
  • wireless may be used to describe circuits, devices, systems, methods, techniques, communications channels, etc., that communicate data by using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. The term does not imply that the associated devices do not contain any wires, although in some embodiments they might not.
  • a wireless device may comprise at least one antenna, at least one radio, and at least one processor, where the radio transmits signals through the antenna that represent data and receives signals through the antenna that represent data, while the processor may process the data to be transmitted and the data that has been received. The processor may also process other data, which is neither transmitted nor received.
  • network controller or "NC”
  • STA wireless communications device that schedules wireless communications with other devices associated with it in the network.
  • STA wireless communications device that is associated with the NC, and whose communications with the NC or with other STAs in the network are largely scheduled by the NC.
  • associated indicates that the STA has provided sufficient information about itself that the NC is aware of the existence of the STA, and the NC and STA have agreed on enough protocols that the NC permits the STA to operate in that network.
  • the terms network controller and STA may be used frequently in this document, but other terms may be used elsewhere to describe devices having the same functionality.
  • devices labeled base station (BS), access point (AP), control point (CP), PCP, PCP/AP, etc. may be used in place of NC
  • devices labeled mobile station (MS), subscriber station (SS), DEV, etc. may be used in place of STA.
  • the various embodiments of the invention are intended to be broad enough to include all such devices with equivalent functionality, regardless of the labels used to describe them.
  • a directional transmission means the transmission is relatively strong in one direction and relatively weak in the other directions, within the intended frequency band.
  • a directional reception means the receiving device can receive signals from one direction more easily than it can receive equivalent strength signals from other directions, within the intended frequency band.
  • Directional transmissions and receptions may be implemented by having multiple antennas on the same device, and processing the signals for each antenna differently, but other techniques may be used instead.
  • Fig. 1 shows two overlapping and potentially interfering wireless networks, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Each network is labeled as a personal area network (PAN), as that is the size of network that is seen as most likely to benefit from the techniques described here, but other sizes of networks (such as but not limited to a short-range local area network) may also be included in various embodiments of the invention.
  • PAN personal area network
  • Each device in the networks may have a processor, a memory, a radio, and multiple antennas, and be capable of directional transmission and directional reception. These components, when properly configured with other components and/or software, may enable these devices to perform the operations described herein.
  • the first network is labeled PAN 1, and includes a network controller NC1 (device B) and another wireless communications device STA1 (device A). NC1 and STA1 have established a directional communication link L1 with each other.
  • the second network is labeled PAN 2, and includes a network controller NC2 (device C) and another wireless communications device STA2 (device D). NC2 and STA2 have established a directional communication link L2 with each other. All four devices are shown to be physically located in a relatively straight line. Because of this physical positioning, a transmission from device B to device A may inadvertently be overheard by device D, even though device D is in a different network than device B and the two devices are not trying to communicate with each other.
  • 'overhear' or its derivatives, is used to describe receiving a transmission that is intended for another device in another network, and receiving it with sufficient signal strength to properly decode the contents and/or with sufficient signal strength that it represents a source of interference.
  • a transmission from device D to device C may be overheard by device B. Without proper scheduling, a transmission from B might interfere with a transmission from C to D, or a transmission from D might interfere with a transmission from A to B.
  • Fig. 2 shows a timing diagram of communication scheduling within two networks, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the operations in Fig. 2 assume the devices and their positioning as shown in Fig. 1 .
  • PAN 1 and PAN 2 are two different networks, their beacon intervals may not be synchronized, i.e., the beacon and subsequent beacon interval for PAN 1 starts later than the beacon and subsequent beacon interval for PAN 2.
  • the beacon interval for PAN 1 may overlap parts of two different beacon intervals for PAN 2, and vice-versa.
  • the beacon intervals for both networks are shown to be the same length, so that the relative timing between the beacons for the two networks may remain constant over many beacon intervals.
  • device A has requested channel time from device B (NCI), and has been granted time period L1 for subsequent communications between devices A and B.
  • this time period that L1 occupies within the beacon interval will be repeated for multiple consecutive beacon intervals established by NC1.
  • device A may transmit to device B and device B may transmit to device A with whatever schedule they determine to use, and this schedule may change with each successive beacon interval, even though the overall time period for L1 remains constant from one beacon interval to the next.
  • device B might transmit a signal that could be overheard by device D at any time during time period L1, during any beacon interval that includes the reserved time period L1.
  • device D (STA2) has requested channel time from device C (NC2), and has been granted time period L2 for subsequent communications between devices C and D.
  • device C may transmit to device D and device D may transmit to device C with whatever schedule they determine to use.
  • device D might transmit a signal that could be overheard by device B at any time during time period L2 during any beacon interval that includes L2.
  • device C is unaware of the L1 reservation in the other network, it might schedule L2 for a time that overlaps L1, thus setting up the potential for interference between the two networks at any time during which L1 and L2 overlap. But in the example shown, L2 has been scheduled in such a way that it does not overlap L1, thus avoiding that potential interference.
  • device C needs to know about the potentially interfering time period L1.
  • Fig. 3 shows a format for an information element to convey scheduling constraint information, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • This format may be used, for example, to convey the timing of L1 from device C to device D, so that device D will be constrained from scheduling (will avoid scheduling) communications with device C during the indicated time period.
  • a specific format is shown, this is for illustrative purposes and other formats may be used.
  • the indicated constraints only apply to communications between the two devices exchanging the following information.
  • Other STAs may transmit their own constraint information to the NC to constrain their own communications with it.
  • An information element is a format that is sometimes used to convey various types of information within a larger format in a wireless transmission.
  • the IE shown in the top row of Fig. 3 has the standard beginning, with an Element ID field to indicate what type of information it carries, and a length field to indicate the length of the IE so that the IE can be distinguished from other information that follows the IE in the transmission.
  • each of the Element ID and Length fields are one octet (8 bits) in length, while the Scheduling Constraint field may have a variable length so that, if desired, multiple time periods may be indicated by repeating the fields that describe those time periods. The end of this variable field may be indicated by the value in the Length field.
  • Scheduling Constraint field A possible format for the contents of the Scheduling Constraint field are indicated in the second row of Fig. 3 .
  • This field begins with a Sub-Element ID field of one octet to indicate what type of information the Scheduling Constraint field carries, and a Length field to indicate the end of the fields describing this particular constraint (i.e., the first five fields in this example).
  • this format shows a Constraint Control field, to indicate how to apply the constraints.
  • the Constraint Control field is followed by a Start Time field, a Duration field, and a Period field.
  • the value in the Start Time field indicates when the constrained time period begins (e.g., when the beginning of L1 occurs in the above example).
  • the value of Start Time may be indicated in any feasible units of time (e.g., micro-seconds), and may be referenced to any feasible point in time (e.g., from the beginning of the beacon interval).
  • the Duration field may be expressed in any feasible units of time (i.e., microseconds).
  • the Period field may be used to define how long the constraint is to be applied, such as across multiple beacon fields.
  • the Period field may be expressed in any feasible units, such microseconds or number of beacon intervals. In other embodiments, other units of time and other reference points may be used for any of these fields.
  • this particular format may be used to indicate more than one constrained time period, by repeating the first five fields of the Scheduling Constraint field for each such time period (the example shows the first part of a second set of five fields to indicate a second time period).
  • the Sub-Element ID value may be the same for each set, but the values of Length, Constraint Control, Start Time, Duration, and Period may be the same or different for each set.
  • These fields may be repeated multiple times to indicate multiple constrained time periods, providing the result doesn't exceed any other length or time constraints (such as the maximum allowed length in the Length field of the IE in the first row of Fig. 3 ).
  • the time periods defined by different sets may overlap.
  • the TX field may be used to indicate that transmissions from the device receiving the IE to the device transmitting the IE, should not take place during the indicated time period. (A '1' may indicate don't transmit, a '0' may indicate OK to transmit, or vice-versa.)
  • the RX field may be used to indicate that the device transmitting this IE should not be scheduled to transmit to the device receiving this IE, during the indicated time period.
  • this format is flexible enough to constrain transmissions, receptions, both, or neither. For example, one set of constraints may be applied to transmissions, and another set of constraints applied to receptions.
  • the indicated constraints may come to an end in various ways. In one embodiment, the constraints only apply to a single beacon interval and must be renewed for each new beacon interval. In another embodiment, the constraints may continue indefinitely until changed. In another embodiment, the constraints may be applied for a pre-defined number of beacon intervals. In still another embodiment, the constraints may be applied for a defined time period or number of beacon intervals, as described in Fig. 3 . In some embodiments, the constraints may end when an IE specifies they no longer apply (e.g., by setting a '0' in the TX and/or RX bits of the Constraint Control field). In some embodiments, the constraints may end after a default number of beacon intervals has passed without being ended through some other means. Of course, the current constraints may be renewed or changed at any time by transmitting a new IE indicating the new values.
  • Fig. 4 shows a flow diagram of a method performed by a STA, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the STA may determine a period of potential interference that is expected to occur in at least one subsequent frame in its communications with its NC. This determination may be made in various ways, such as but not limited to: 1) the STA may overhear a schedule being transmitted by another NC for communications in another network, 2) the STA may overhear transmissions from another device that occur repeatedly during a particular time period within the STA's own beacon interval (i.e., the beacon interval set by the STA's own NC), 3) the STA may overhear a request from another STA to be granted a particular time period for subsequent communication in another network, 4) etc.
  • the STA may overhear a schedule being transmitted by another NC for communications in another network
  • the STA may overhear transmissions from another device that occur repeatedly during a particular time period within the STA's own beacon interval (i.e., the beacon interval set by the STA's own NC
  • the time period may have been expressed with reference to the other network's beacon intervals. To be useful in this network, that time period may need to be expressed with reference to this network's beacon interval, and that conversion may be accomplished at 420 of Fig. 4 .
  • the STA may determine the one or more time periods that may represent potential periods of interference in its communications with its NC, at 430 that information may be placed into a form suitable for transmitting the information to the NC, such as in an IE.
  • the information may then be transmitted to the NC at 440.
  • the IE may be contained in the same transmission in which the STA requests channel time for subsequent communications. In some instances, the IE may be transmitted separately from the request for channel time.
  • Fig. 5 shows a flow diagram of a method performed by a NC, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the NC may get information about one or more periods of interference that may occur in its communications with a particular STA, and schedule those communications accordingly.
  • the illustrated flow diagram 500 shows two ways the NC may get that information.
  • the NC may receive information defining this time period from another device.
  • the NC may receive the information in an IE transmitted by a STA in its own network, such as the STA described in Fig. 4 .
  • the NC may overhear a transmission from another NC in another network, specifying a scheduled period of communications in that other network. If the NC can overhear that transmitted schedule when the NC's receiver is directed towards its own STA, it may assume it can also overhear potentially interfering transmissions made during the scheduled period.
  • the NC may determine the period of potential interference through its own observations.
  • the NC may observe that its communications with a particular STA frequently fail during a particular time period within its own beacon intervals. Or it may detect transmissions from outside its own network that repeatedly occur during a particular time period when its receiver is directed towards its own STA, even though the NC isn't trying to receive from the STA at that time. In either case, once the NC determines which time period(s) may be subject to interference, at 530 it may schedule subsequent communications with the STA so that those communications do not occur during the period of potential interference.
  • the communications that will be scheduled to avoid interference are communications between the NC and a STA.
  • the scheduled communications are between two STAs, although the NC still schedules those communications.
  • information on which time periods to avoid may still be provided to the NC from a STA, along with information on which other STA will be involved in the scheduled communication.
  • the NC may schedule those STA-to-STA communications at a time that avoids the interfering transmissions from another network.
  • the information as to which two STAs are involved may be included in the same transmission that contains the aforementioned IE, but externally to the IE.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Appareil, comprenant
    un premier dispositif de communications sans fil pourvu d'un processeur, d'une mémoire et d'une radio, le premier dispositif de communications sans fil étant configuré pour :
    déterminer une période de temps (L1) d'une interférence potentielle dans des communications avec un deuxième dispositif de communications sans fil, l'interférence potentielle provenant de transmissions depuis un troisième dispositif de communications sans fil ;
    déduire des informations décrivant le moment où la période de temps surviendra en référence à un intervalle de balise répétitif (PAN1 ; PAN2) ;
    déterminer un élément d'information contenant un temps de début et une durée de la période de temps ;
    transmettre l'élément d'information à un contrôleur de réseau ; et
    identifier une transmission depuis le contrôleur de réseau contenant une planification pour une période de communications au sein de l'intervalle de balise de telle manière que la période de communications ne chevauche pas la période de temps dans le temps.
  2. Appareil selon la revendication 1,
    dans lequel les informations indiquent si l'interférence potentielle s'applique à des transmissions par le premier dispositif de communications sans fil et si l'interférence potentielle s'applique à des réceptions par le premier dispositif de communications sans fil ; ou
    dans lequel ladite détermination de la période de temps comprend la réception d'une transmission depuis le troisième dispositif de communications sans fil au cours de la période de temps.
  3. Procédé, comprenant
    la réalisation d'opérations dans un premier dispositif de communications sans fil, les opérations comprenant :
    la détermination (410) d'une première période de temps d'une interférence potentielle dans une communication à suivre avec un contrôleur de réseau, l'interférence potentielle provenant de transmissions depuis un deuxième dispositif de communications sans fil ;
    la définition (420) de la première période de temps par rapport à un intervalle de balise ;
    la détermination (430) d'un élément d'information contenant un temps de début, une durée de la période de temps et des informations, les informations décrivant la première période de temps comme une période à éviter pour les communications entre le premier dispositif de communications sans fil et le contrôleur de réseau ;
    la transmission (440) de l'élément d'information au contrôleur de réseau ; et
    l'identification d'une transmission depuis le contrôleur de réseau contenant une planification pour une période de communications au sein de l'intervalle de balise de telle manière que la période de communications ne chevauche pas la première période de temps dans le temps.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel :
    ladite détermination de la première période de temps comprend la détermination d'une deuxième période de temps d'une interférence potentielle ;
    ladite définition comprend la définition de la deuxième période de temps par rapport à l'intervalle de balise ; et
    dans lequel les informations décrivent la deuxième période de temps.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3,
    dans lequel l'élément d'information comporte un champ indiquant si la première période de temps d'une interférence potentielle s'applique à des transmissions et si la première période de temps d'une interférence potentielle s'applique à des réceptions.
  6. Article, comprenant
    un support de stockage lisible par ordinateur qui contient des instructions qui, lorsqu'elles sont exécutées par un ou plusieurs processeurs, donnent lieu à la réalisation d'opérations comprenant :
    la détermination (410), dans un premier dispositif de communications sans fil, d'une période de temps d'une interférence potentielle dans des communications à suivre faisant intervenir un deuxième dispositif de communications sans fil ; l'interférence provenant d'un troisième dispositif ;
    la définition (420) de la période de temps par rapport à un intervalle de balise ;
    la détermination (430) d'un élément d'information contenant un temps de début, une durée de la première période de temps et des informations, les informations décrivant la première période de temps comme une période à éviter pour les communications entre un premier dispositif de communications sans fil et le contrôleur de réseau ;
    la transmission (440) de l'élément d'information à un contrôleur de réseau ; et
    l'identification d'une transmission depuis le contrôleur de réseau contenant une planification pour une période de communications au sein de l'intervalle de balise de telle manière que la période de communications ne chevauche pas la première période de temps dans le temps.
  7. Article selon la revendication 6, dans lequel :
    l'opération de détermination de la première période de temps comprend l'utilisation d'un réception directionnelle pour recevoir une transmission depuis un troisième dispositif ; ou
    l'opération de transmission comprend la transmission directionnelle de l'élément d'information au contrôleur de réseau.
  8. Article selon la revendication 6, dans lequel la communication à suivre doit s'effectuer entre le premier dispositif de communications sans fil et le contrôleur de réseau.
  9. Appareil, comprenant
    un contrôleur de réseau sans fil pourvu d'un processeur, d'une mémoire et d'une radio, le contrôleur de réseau sans fil étant configuré pour :
    identifier une transmission depuis un premier dispositif de communications sans fil contenant un élément d'information, l'élément d'information comprenant des informations décrivant une période de temps (L1) d'une interférence potentielle dans des communications faisant intervenir le premier dispositif de communications sans fil en référence à un intervalle de balise, l'interférence potentielle provenant d'une transmission depuis un deuxième dispositif de communications sans fil ;
    déterminer la période de temps (L1) ; et
    transmettre, au premier dispositif de communications sans fil, une planification pour une période de communications au sein de l'intervalle de balise de telle manière que la période de communications ne chevauche pas la période de temps (L1) dans le temps.
  10. Procédé, comprenant
    la réalisation d'opérations dans un contrôleur de réseau sans fil, les opérations comprenant :
    identifier une transmission depuis un premier dispositif de communications sans fil contenant un élément d'information, l'élément d'information comprenant des informations décrivant une période de temps (L1) d'une interférence potentielle dans des communications faisant intervenir le premier dispositif de communications sans fil en référence à un intervalle de balise, l'interférence potentielle provenant d'une transmission depuis un deuxième dispositif de communications sans fil ;
    déterminer la période de temps (L1) ; et
    transmettre, au premier dispositif de communications sans fil, une planification pour une période de communications pour le premier dispositif de communications sans fil, la période de communications s'inscrivant dans l'intervalle de balise et ne chevauchant pas la période de temps (L1).
  11. Article, comprenant
    un support de stockage lisible par ordinateur qui contient des instructions qui, lorsqu'elles sont exécutées par un ou plusieurs processeurs, amènent un contrôleur de réseau à réaliser des opérations comprenant :
    identifier une transmission depuis un premier dispositif de communications sans fil contenant un élément d'information, l'élément d'information comprenant des informations décrivant une période de temps (L1) d'une interférence potentielle dans des communications faisant intervenir le premier dispositif de communications sans fil, l'interférence potentielle provenant d'une transmission depuis un deuxième dispositif de communications sans fil ;
    déterminer la période de temps (L1) ; et
    transmettre, au premier dispositif de communications sans fil, une planification pour une période de communications pour le premier dispositif de communications sans fil, la période de communications s'inscrivant dans un intervalle de balise et ne chevauchant pas la période de temps (L1).
EP10815924.5A 2009-09-11 2010-09-01 Contraintes de trafic dans un réseau sans fil à ondes millimétriques Active EP2476290B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/584,783 US8428518B2 (en) 2009-09-11 2009-09-11 Traffic constraints in a mmWAVE wireless network
PCT/US2010/047516 WO2011031608A2 (fr) 2009-09-11 2010-09-01 Contraintes de trafic dans un réseau sans fil à ondes millimétriques

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EP2476290A2 EP2476290A2 (fr) 2012-07-18
EP2476290A4 EP2476290A4 (fr) 2017-08-09
EP2476290B1 true EP2476290B1 (fr) 2021-08-04

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US (1) US8428518B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2476290B1 (fr)
JP (3) JP2013504281A (fr)
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WO (1) WO2011031608A2 (fr)

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CN102026288B (zh) 2015-11-25
JP2015146655A (ja) 2015-08-13
EP2476290A4 (fr) 2017-08-09
WO2011031608A2 (fr) 2011-03-17
US8428518B2 (en) 2013-04-23
WO2011031608A3 (fr) 2011-06-16
JP2013504281A (ja) 2013-02-04
CN102026288A (zh) 2011-04-20
EP2476290A2 (fr) 2012-07-18
US20110065394A1 (en) 2011-03-17
JP6058737B2 (ja) 2017-01-11
JP2014027697A (ja) 2014-02-06

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