EP2475591A1 - Soft-sided flexible blister package - Google Patents
Soft-sided flexible blister packageInfo
- Publication number
- EP2475591A1 EP2475591A1 EP10757509A EP10757509A EP2475591A1 EP 2475591 A1 EP2475591 A1 EP 2475591A1 EP 10757509 A EP10757509 A EP 10757509A EP 10757509 A EP10757509 A EP 10757509A EP 2475591 A1 EP2475591 A1 EP 2475591A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- product
- seal
- film
- package
- flexible
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009459 flexible packaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 51
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000014435 Mentha Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001072983 Mentha Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000014569 mints Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007666 vacuum forming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
- B65D75/28—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in composite wrappers, i.e. wrappers formed by associating or interconnecting two or more sheets or blanks
- B65D75/30—Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding
- B65D75/32—Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding one or both sheets or blanks being recessed to accommodate contents
- B65D75/321—Both sheets being recessed
- B65D75/323—Both sheets being recessed and forming several compartments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
- B65D75/28—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in composite wrappers, i.e. wrappers formed by associating or interconnecting two or more sheets or blanks
- B65D75/30—Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding
- B65D75/32—Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding one or both sheets or blanks being recessed to accommodate contents
- B65D75/325—Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding one or both sheets or blanks being recessed to accommodate contents one sheet being recessed, and the other being a flat not- rigid sheet, e.g. puncturable or peelable foil
- B65D75/327—Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding one or both sheets or blanks being recessed to accommodate contents one sheet being recessed, and the other being a flat not- rigid sheet, e.g. puncturable or peelable foil and forming several compartments
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a package for supporting a plurality of consumable products. More particularly, the present invention relates to a soft, flexible blister package.
- blister packages to support and house a plurality of consumable product such as candy, gum, mints, as well as pharmaceutical products such as capsules, tablets and the like.
- Conventional blister package assemblies of this type include a thermal- formed blister tray having a plurality of upwardly opening compartments which support the consumable products therein.
- a blister cover or sheet encloses the open upper end of the blister tray to sealably cover each of the compartments.
- the blister cover may be formed of a wide variety of materials including metal foil, plastic film or combinations thereof.
- the blister tray is then supported in a paperboard sleeve in a slidable fashion.
- the blister tray When it is desirable to dispense one of the products contained within the blister tray, the blister tray is slid out from the blister sleeve and the blister cover is removed from over one of the compartments to dispense the product.
- Various techniques are known to dispense the individual product from the compartments.
- the blister cover could be formed of a rupturable material which allows manual depression of the product through the cover. In other embodiments, the blister cover may be peeled back at selected locations over the compartment to open the compartment to dispense the product.
- the blister tray and sleeve combination serves adequately for its intended purposes, certain attributes are not readily acliieved with this arrangement.
- the blister tray and sleeve combination is a relatively rigid structure. As successive products are dispensed from the assembly, the user must maintain possession of the entire assembly, in tact, until the last product is dispensed. Thus, when only a small amount of product remains, the user still must carry the entire assembly.
- the blister tray is removed from the blister sleeve, the products cannot be viewed. Thus, the user has no idea of how many products remain in the assembly. Furthermore, even when the tray is removed from the sleeve the product can only be viewed from one side as the blister cover is typically formed of a nontransparent material.
- the present invention provides a flexible package for a consumable product package includes a pair of packaging films for supporting the product therebetween films are bonded together to define a perimeter seal for surrounding the products.
- a perimeter seal for surrounding the products.
- at least a portion of the perimeter seal includes a releaseable seal to allow dispensing of the product therethrough under manual pressure.
- the perimeter seal of the package includes a releaseable seal portion and a nonreleaseable seal portion.
- the film may also include a line perforation for detaching a portion of the package from the remainder.
- a method of forming a product package includes providing a first film and forming an open ended compartment in the first film. A product is inserted into the compartment and a second film is positioned over the first film to enclose the compartment.
- Figure 1 is a side plan view of a pair of flexible sheets on either side of a plurality of products for forming the blister package of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a side plan view of the assembled package of Figure 1.
- Figure 3 is a front plan view of one embodiment of the blister package of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a front plan view of a further embodiment of the blister package of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a partial plan view of a further embodiment of the present invention employing cellular cushioning referred to as bubble wrap.
- Figure 6 is a sectional showing of the embodiment of Figure 5.
- the present invention provides a flexible soft-sided blister package for
- the present invention also provides for ease of dispensing of the products from the blister package.
- Blister package 10 is formed from a pair of flexible sheets 12 and 14.
- Sheets 12 and 14 may be formed of a wide variety of material including plastic films and the like.
- the plastic films may include films formed of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester, polyethylene or laminates and combinations thereof.
- the films may be formed of cellulose and/or other degradable or biodegradable materials.
- the film sheets are transparent enabling visualization of the products contained therein.
- the sheets support therebetween a plurality of spaced apart products, which in the present illustrative embodiment are gum pellets 16.
- the gum pellets may be arranged in spaced apart orientation defining plural rows and/or columns. While in the preferred embodiments shown herein, a plurality of gum pellets are shown, it is of course understood that it is within the contemplation of the present invention that a single product may be contained between the sheets 12 and 14.
- the sheets 12 and 14 are provided, preferably, from a roll.
- the sheets 12 and 14 are placed in intimate contact around the array of gum pellets 16. As shown in Figure 2, the sheets may be secured together at locations between and around the gum pellets 16.
- various heat seal techniques are used to secure the sheets 12 and 14 together around the gum pellets 16.
- perforation lines may be included to allow severing of the sheets between the pellets.
- the assembled sheets may cut to the desired configuration to form package 10. While the sheets 14, 16 conform about the pellets 16 to form a pellet or pocket 15, it is contemplated that the pockets or pouches for the pellets may be provided by vacuum forming techniques.
- Package 20 is formed of a pair of film sheets 22 and 24 which are sealed together about a plurality of spaced apart gum pellets 26.
- a plurality of spaced apart gum pellets 26 In the present illustrative embodiment, an arrangement of gum pellets in a 2 x 3 orientation is shown. However, it can be appreciated that any arrangement of rows and columns is within the contemplation of the present invention.
- the sheets 22 and 24 are sealed together perimetrically around each pellet 26.
- the perimetrical seal is a four sided seal on each side of the rectangular gum pellet 26.
- the present invention employs a combination of a permanent heat seal and a pealable releasable seal. It may be appreciated, however, that the full heat seal or full releasable seal may be employed.
- the permanent heat seal 30 is applied to three sides of the pellet 26 and a peelable releasable seal 34 is applied to the remaining sides.
- the peelable releasable seal 34 of one column of gum pellets is aligned along one edge 20a of the package 20.
- the peelable releasable seal 34 of the second column is aligned along the opposite edge 20b of the package 20.
- the peelable releasable seal area 34 is openable under manual squeeze pressure.
- the user may dispense an individual pellet 26 from the package 20 by. squeezing the pellet through the adjacent peelable releasable seal area 34.
- a further feature of the present invention includes the ability to provide perforations along the permanent heat seal area 32.
- Such perforations 36 allow the package to be separated between the gum pellets 26 so as to provide separate sealed packages. Any arrangement of individual package configurations may be achieved by the arrangement and location of the perforations 36.
- the package 20 can be severed into smaller units such as columns or rows or can be severed to provide individual sealed pellets.
- the arrangement of the perforations 36 allow the package to be separated into any number or configurations of gum pellets 26.
- the package 20 can be separated both prior to dispensing the gum pellets 26 or after dispensing the gum pellets 26.
- the dispensed portion of the package can be removed from the remainder. This allows the package to be made smaller as the pellets 26 are used.
- the sheets 22 and 24 may be formed of a wide variety of material.
- the sheets may be formed of transparent, translucent or similar tear- opaque materials which would allow visualization of the pellets 26 contained therein.
- the consumer would know the type of pellets contained within the package as well as know how many pellets remain in an assembled package.
- FIG 4 a further embodiment of the package of the present invention is shown.
- Package 30 is shown in a single column arrangement including a plurality of gum pellets 36 therein. While a single column is shown, it is understood that the arrangement of Figure 4 could be employed in a multiple column orientation.
- a permanent heat seal 50 is applied about three sides of the pellet 46.
- the upper side as viewed in Figure 4 includes the peelable, releasable seal 54.
- the arrangement of Figure 4 allows dispensing in vertical sequence of each individual pellet 46. Perforations are provided between the vertically arranged pellets where the perforation 60 is next adjacent the peelable release seal 54, but is wholly contained within the heat seal 50.
- the package may be severed at any of the perforation locations to define smaller units. In fact, the package can be severed at each perforation location to define individually packaged and sealed pellets.
- the pellet could be surrounded on all sides by a permanent heat seal. In such situations, the pellet can be expelled by providing a rupturable location on the package and at the pellet. Perforations, score lines or other "weakened" areas may be provided so as to permit such rupturing to expel the pellet.
- Figure 2 shows a perforation 15a which is adjacent pellet 15 to provide a rupturable location.
- the films may be formed of oriented plastic films such as OPP.
- the present invention may also employ a package 70 formed from a material similar to cellular cushioning material commonly referred to a bubble wrap.
- the package 70 of the present embodiment may include two sheet-like layers 72 and 74 which may be formed of a wide variety of polymeric materials including multi-layered materials and composites.
- First layer 72 has formed therein a series of pockets or compartments 76.
- the compartments 76 may be arranged in any pattern and orientation.
- Each compartment 76 has an open upper end 78 and a closed bottom 90.
- Each compartment forms a pocket for accommodating a gum pellet 16.
- a second planar upper layer 74 is bonded to first layer 72 so as to enclose the open ended compartments 76 with the pellets 16 contained therein.
- package 70 of the present invention may be formed by a wide variety of conventional forming techniques well known in the art.
- the first layer 72 may be provided in sheet like form on a roll of material.
- the compartments 76 may be formed on the sheet by a vacuum process where the vacuum pulls the layer to form the compartments. The sheet can be then cut to the desired configuration and either prior to cutting the sheet or after the gum pellets 16 have been dropped into the compartments 76.
- the planar upper layer 74 may then be bonded over the lower layer 72 enclosing the compartments.
- the bonding of the upper layer 74 to the lower layer 72 may be achieved by adhesive, heat or ultrasonic welds or any other technique known in the art.
- the products may be dispensed in a wide variety of fashions.
- the upper layer 74 may include thereon a plurality of weakened lines, such as laser cuts, or perforations, directly over the open ended compartment 76. Perforations 82 are shown in Figure 5 by way of example.
- the bottom 80 of lower layer 72 may be pushed inwardly against the upper layer 74 thereby rupturing the perforation 85 and expelling the gum pellet 16 from compartment 76.
- the closed bottom 80 of compartment 76 may also include weakened lines such as perforation so as to permit expulsion of the gum pellet through the closed bottom end.
- the material forming lower layer 72 may be sufficiently weak that manual pressure will cause the lower layer to rupture expelling the product 16 therethrough without need for perforations.
- each sealed chamber 76 may include an inert gas entrapped therein.
- the inert gas provides an internal pressure to the compartment which facilitates "popping".
- the inert gas may include scented air which will dispense a pleasant scent upon popping.
- the scent contained within the sealed chamber 76 could be selected to be complimentary to the flavor of the gum pellet 16 contained therein.
- a flexible package for a consumable product comprising:
- Item 2 A flexible package of item 1 wherein at least one of the flexible packaging films comprises a rupturable material to allow dispensing of said product therethrough under manual pressure.
- Item 3 A flexible package of items 1 -2 wherein at least a portion of said perimeter seal comprises a releaseable seal to allow dispensing of said product therethrough under manual pressure.
- Item 4 A flexible package of items 1 -3 wherein the majority of the perimeter seal comprises a releaseable seal.
- Item 5 A flexible package of items 1 -3 wherein perimeter seal comprises a releaseable seal portion and a non-releaseable seal portion.
- Item 6 A flexible package of items 1-5 wherein said films define a plurality of said perimeter seals, each said perimeter seal for surrounding one of a plurality of said products.
- Item 7 A flexible package of items 1 -4 wherein said film comprises a perforation or line of weakness for enabling detachment of one said perimeter seal from the remaining perimeter seals.
- Item 8 A flexible package of item 7 wherein said plurality of perimeter seals are arranged in at least one column and said releaseable seal portions of each said perimeter seal are longitudinally aligned with respect to adjacent compartments within the column.
- Item 9 A flexible package of items 1 -8 wherein said films are transparent.
- Item 10 A flexible package of items 1 -9 wherein the perimeter seal is formed by welding the films together.
- Item 1 A consumable product package assembly comprising: a plurality of consumable products;
- a flexible package said package defining plural product compartments each compartment enclosing at least one product of said plurality;
- each said compartment being defined by a perimetrical seal about said at least one product.
- Item 12 An assembly of item 1 1 wherein the flexible package comprises at least one material which is rupturable to allow dispensing of said product through said portion.
- Item 13 An assembly of items 1 1 -12 wherein at least a portion of said perimetrica! seal is releaseable to allow dispensing of said product through said portion.
- Item 14 An assembly of items 1 1-13 wherein each said perimeter seal comprises a releaseable portion and a non-releaseable portion.
- Item 15 An assembly of items 1 1 -14 wherein each said component is separated by a perforation or line of weakness so as to permit detachment of one said component from the packaging assembly.
- Item 16 An assembly of items 1 1- 15 wherein said flexible package further comprises a pair of films bonded together to define said compartments.
- Item 17 An assembly of item 15 wherein said perforation or line of weakness is positioned across said non-releasable portion.
- Item 18 An assembly of item 15 wherein said perforation or line or weakness is positioned adjacent said non-releasable portion.
- Item 19 An assembly of items 1 1-18 wherein the perimeter seal is formed by welding.
- Item 20 A method of forming a product package comprising the step of:
- Item 21 A method of item 20 wherein said providing steps include:
- a method of items 20-21 wherein said forming step includes:
- a method of items 20-22 further including the step of sealing said second film to said first film about said compartment.
- Item 24 A method of item 23 wherein said sealing step further includes sealing said second film to said first film perimetrically about said compartment.
- Item 25 A method of items 20-24 further including the step of placing an inert gas in said compartment.
- Item 26 A method of item 25 wherein said inert gas is scented.
- Item 27 A method of items 20-26 further including the step of placing a line of weakness in said film to permit rupturing of said film for dispensing of said product from said compartment.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US24040409P | 2009-09-08 | 2009-09-08 | |
PCT/US2010/047939 WO2011031654A1 (en) | 2009-09-08 | 2010-09-07 | Soft-sided flexible blister package |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2475591A1 true EP2475591A1 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
EP2475591B1 EP2475591B1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
Family
ID=42989270
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10757509.4A Active EP2475591B1 (en) | 2009-09-08 | 2010-09-07 | Soft-sided flexible blister package |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120241347A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2475591B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP5815528B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102686492B (en) |
ES (1) | ES2584558T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MX341328B (en) |
PL (1) | PL2475591T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011031654A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
MX341328B (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2016-08-16 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Soft-sided flexible blister package. |
AU2014216152A1 (en) | 2013-02-15 | 2015-03-19 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Packages having separable sealing features and methods of manufacturing |
DE102013112869A1 (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-05-21 | Dr.-Ing. Jens Sebastian, Dipl.-Ing. Florian Wiest GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Dr.-Ing. Jens Sebastian, 72764 Reutlingen) | Packaging, molded article with packaging, and device and method for its production |
MX2017001758A (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2017-05-30 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Packages with individually sealed compartments. |
GB201516695D0 (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-11-04 | Burke Michael A | Packaging for food |
CN110816953A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-21 | 江苏海特尔机械有限公司 | Small candy packaging machine |
CN110844150A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-02-28 | 上海名阳包装科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing package and package manufacturing device using same |
WO2022016075A1 (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2022-01-20 | Sage Products, Llc | Universal oral care tool |
US11679923B2 (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2023-06-20 | Sage Products, Llc | Packaging for oral care tool |
DE102022125395A1 (en) | 2022-09-30 | 2023-09-14 | Syntegon Technology Gmbh | Packaging for packaging a packaged goods and method for producing packaging |
DE102022125393A1 (en) | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-04 | Syntegon Technology Gmbh | Packaging made from fiber-based packaging material |
DE102022125394A1 (en) | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-04 | Syntegon Technology Gmbh | Packaging for packaging a packaged goods and method for producing packaging |
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GB2138403B (en) * | 1982-10-14 | 1986-06-25 | Metal Box Plc | Unit portion pack |
JPS61196961U (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1986-12-09 | ||
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JPH0487920A (en) * | 1990-07-25 | 1992-03-19 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Sheet guide device |
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MX341328B (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2016-08-16 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Soft-sided flexible blister package. |
-
2010
- 2010-09-07 MX MX2012002849A patent/MX341328B/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-09-07 CN CN201080050366.XA patent/CN102686492B/en active Active
- 2010-09-07 EP EP10757509.4A patent/EP2475591B1/en active Active
- 2010-09-07 ES ES10757509.4T patent/ES2584558T3/en active Active
- 2010-09-07 WO PCT/US2010/047939 patent/WO2011031654A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-09-07 US US13/394,433 patent/US20120241347A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-09-07 PL PL10757509T patent/PL2475591T3/en unknown
- 2010-09-07 JP JP2012528115A patent/JP5815528B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-04-17 JP JP2014085576A patent/JP5986135B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2011031654A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2011031654A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
JP2013503794A (en) | 2013-02-04 |
MX341328B (en) | 2016-08-16 |
PL2475591T3 (en) | 2017-03-31 |
JP5986135B2 (en) | 2016-09-06 |
ES2584558T3 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
JP5815528B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
CN102686492B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
MX2012002849A (en) | 2012-04-11 |
CN102686492A (en) | 2012-09-19 |
JP2014177307A (en) | 2014-09-25 |
EP2475591B1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
US20120241347A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
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