EP2473580A1 - Deuterated compounds for electronic applications - Google Patents
Deuterated compounds for electronic applicationsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2473580A1 EP2473580A1 EP09849078A EP09849078A EP2473580A1 EP 2473580 A1 EP2473580 A1 EP 2473580A1 EP 09849078 A EP09849078 A EP 09849078A EP 09849078 A EP09849078 A EP 09849078A EP 2473580 A1 EP2473580 A1 EP 2473580A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- deuterated
- compound
- layer
- group
- aryl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 51
- -1 anthracene compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 160
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 95
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 77
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 51
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 47
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 28
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 24
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001454 anthracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 5
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 5
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical group [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(pinacolato)diboron Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)OB1B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC3=C21 WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011263 electroactive material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZIRVQSRSPDUEOJ-LOIXRAQWSA-N 9-bromo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10-nonadeuterioanthracene Chemical compound [2H]C1=C([2H])C([2H])=C([2H])C2=C([2H])C3=C([2H])C([2H])=C([2H])C([2H])=C3C(Br)=C21 ZIRVQSRSPDUEOJ-LOIXRAQWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- UKSZBOKPHAQOMP-SVLSSHOZSA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 UKSZBOKPHAQOMP-SVLSSHOZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-PGRXLJNUSA-N 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octadeuterionaphthalene Chemical compound [2H]C1=C([2H])C([2H])=C([2H])C2=C([2H])C([2H])=C([2H])C([2H])=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-PGRXLJNUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004912 1,5-cyclooctadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003026 Acene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JWUUGQPKEKNHJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1C=CC2=CC=C3C=CC=NC3=C2N1C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1C=CC2=CC=C3C=CC=NC3=C2N1C1=CC=CC=C1 JWUUGQPKEKNHJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019502 Orange oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MZWXYZOWSA-N benzene-d6 Chemical compound [2H]C1=C([2H])C([2H])=C([2H])C([2H])=C1[2H] UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MZWXYZOWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- XZCJVWCMJYNSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl pbd Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)O1 XZCJVWCMJYNSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- JCGRMAWAPVVHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysene-6,12-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC3=C(C=CC=C4)C4=C(N)C=C3C2=C1 JCGRMAWAPVVHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001846 chrysenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu] NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Br-].[Br-] QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000004775 coumarins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001194 electroluminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010502 orange oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000002979 perylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005041 phenanthrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003252 quinoxalines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010129 solution processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UQPUONNXJVWHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UQPUONNXJVWHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBHCDHNUZWWAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pecazine Chemical compound C1N(C)CCCC1CN1C2=CC=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C21 CBHCDHNUZWWAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002987 phenanthrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005359 phenylpyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001798 poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid] polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JSTHREDTMPIBEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene-2,7-diamine Chemical class C1=C(N)C=C2C=CC3=CC(N)=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 JSTHREDTMPIBEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003220 pyrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LOAUVZALPPNFOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinaldic acid Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=NC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 LOAUVZALPPNFOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubrene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007764 slot die coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-DYCDLGHISA-N trifluoroacetic acid-d1 Chemical compound [2H]OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-DYCDLGHISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003643 triphenylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C15/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts
- C07C15/20—Polycyclic condensed hydrocarbons
- C07C15/27—Polycyclic condensed hydrocarbons containing three rings
- C07C15/28—Anthracenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/20—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the material in which the electroluminescent material is embedded
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/622—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing four rings, e.g. pyrene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/626—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/05—Isotopically modified compounds, e.g. labelled
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2603/00—Systems containing at least three condensed rings
- C07C2603/02—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems
- C07C2603/04—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings
- C07C2603/22—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing only six-membered rings
- C07C2603/24—Anthracenes; Hydrogenated anthracenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1007—Non-condensed systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1011—Condensed systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1014—Carbocyclic compounds bridged by heteroatoms, e.g. N, P, Si or B
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
Definitions
- This invention relates to anthracene derivative compounds which are at least partially deuterated. It also relates to electronic devices in which at least one active layer includes such a compound.
- Organic electronic devices that emit light, such as light-emitting diodes that make up displays, are present in many different kinds of electronic equipment.
- an organic active layer is sandwiched between two electrical contact layers. At least one of the electrical contact layers is light-transmitting so that light can pass through the electrical contact layer.
- the organic active layer emits light through the light-transmitting electrical contact layer upon application of electricity across the electrical contact layers.
- organic electroluminescent compounds As the active component in light-emitting diodes. Simple organic molecules such as anthracene, thiadiazole derivatives, and coumarin derivatives are known to show electroluminescence. Semiconductive conjugated polymers have also been used as electroluminescent components, as has been disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent 5,247,190, U.S.
- Patent 5,408,109 and Published European Patent Application 443 861 .
- the electroluminescent compound is present as a dopant in a host material.
- an aryl-substituted anthracene having at least one deuterium substituent.
- an electronic device comprising an active layer comprising the above compound.
- an electroactive composition comprising (a) an aryl-substituted anthracene having at least one deuterium
- electroluminescence having an emission maximum between 380 and 750 nm.
- FIG. 1 includes an illustration of one example of an organic electronic device.
- FIG. 2 includes the 1 H NMR spectrum of the comparative compound of Comparative Example A.
- FIG. 3 includes the 1 H NMR spectrum of the deuterated compound of Example 1 .
- FIG. 4 includes the mass spectrum of the deuterated compound of Example 1 .
- aliphatic ring is intended to mean a cyclic group that does not have delocalized pi electrons. In some embodiments, the aliphatic ring has no unsaturation. In some embodiments, the ring has one double or triple bond.
- alkoxy refers to the group RO-, where R is an alkyi.
- alkyi is intended to mean a group derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon having one point of attachment, and includes a linear, a branched, or a cyclic group. The term is intended to include heteroalkyls.
- hydrocarbon alkyi refers to an alkyi group having no heteroatoms.
- deuterated alkyi is a hydrocarbon alkyi having at least one available H replaced by D. In some embodiments, an alkyi group has from 1 -20 carbon atoms.
- branched alkyi refers to an alkyi group having at least one secondary or tertiary carbon.
- secondary alkyi refers to a branched alkyi group having a secondary carbon atom.
- tertiary alkyi refers to a branched alkyi group having a tertiary carbon atom. In some embodiments, the branched alkyi group is attached via a secondary or tertiary carbon.
- aryl is intended to mean a group derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon having one point of attachment.
- aromatic compound is intended to mean an organic compound comprising at least one unsaturated cyclic group having delocalized pi electrons.
- the term is intended include heteroaryls.
- hydrocarbon aryl is intended to mean aromatic compounds having no heteroatoms in the ring.
- aryl includes groups which have a single ring and those which have multiple rings which can be joined by a single bond or fused together.
- deuterated aryl refers to an aryl group having at least one available H bonded directly to the aryl replaced by D.
- arylene is intended to mean a group derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon having two points of attachment. In some embodiments, an aryl group has from 3-60 carbon atoms.
- aryloxy refers to the group RO-, where R is an aryl.
- compound is intended to mean an electrically uncharged substance made up of molecules that further consist of atoms, wherein the atoms cannot be separated by physical means.
- adjacent to when used to refer to layers in a device, does not necessarily mean that one layer is immediately next to another layer.
- adjacent R groups is used to refer to R groups that are next to each other in a chemical formula (i.e., R groups that are on atoms joined by a bond).
- deuterated is intended to mean that at least one H has been replaced by D.
- the deuterium is present in at least 100 times the natural abundance level.
- a “deuterated derivative" of compound X has the same structure as compound X, but with at least one D replacing an H.
- dopant is intended to mean a material, within a layer including a host material, that changes the electronic characteristic(s) or the targeted wavelength(s) of radiation emission, reception, or filtering of the layer compared to the electronic characteristic(s) or the wavelength(s) of radiation emission, reception, or filtering of the layer in the absence of such material.
- electroactive when referring to a layer or material, is intended to mean a layer or material that exhibits electronic or electro- radiative properties.
- an electroactive material electronically facilitates the operation of the device.
- electroactive materials include, but are not limited to, materials which conduct, inject, transport, or block a charge, where the charge can be either an electron or a hole, and materials which emit radiation or exhibit a change in concentration of electron-hole pairs when receiving radiation.
- inactive materials include, but are not limited to, planarization materials, insulating materials, and environmental barrier materials.
- hetero indicates that one or more carbon atoms have been replaced with a different atom.
- the different atom is N, O, or S.
- host material is intended to mean a material to which a dopant is added.
- the host material may or may not have electronic characteristic(s) or the ability to emit, receive, or filter radiation. In some embodiments, the host material is present in higher concentration.
- layer is used interchangeably with the term “film” and refers to a coating covering a desired area.
- the term is not limited by size.
- the area can be as large as an entire device or as small as a specific functional area such as the actual visual display, or as small as a single sub-pixel.
- Layers and films can be formed by any conventional deposition technique, including vapor deposition, liquid deposition (continuous and discontinuous techniques), and thermal transfer.
- Continuous deposition techniques include but are not limited to, spin coating, gravure coating, curtain coating, dip coating, slot-die coating, spray coating, and continuous nozzle coating.
- Discontinuous deposition techniques include, but are not limited to, ink jet printing, gravure printing, and screen printing.
- organic electronic device or sometimes just “electronic device” is intended to mean a device including one or more organic semiconductor layers or materials. All groups can be substituted or unsubstituted unless otherwise indicated. In some embodiments, the substituents are selected from the group consisting of D, halide, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, cyano, and NR 2 , where R is alkyl or aryl.
- the lUPAC numbering system is used throughout, where the groups from the Periodic Table are numbered from left to right as 1 -18
- the new deuterated compound is an aryl-substituted anthracene compound having at least one D.
- the compound is at least 10% deuterated. By this is meant that at least 10% of the H are replaced by D.
- the compound is at least 20% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 30% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 40% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 50% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 60% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 70% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 80% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 90% deuterated.
- the compounds are 100% deuterated.
- the deuterated compound has Formula I:
- R 1 through R 8 are the same or different at each occurrence and are selected from the group consisting of H, D, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, siloxane, and silyl;
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of aryl groups;
- Ar 3 and Ar 4 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, D, and aryl groups;
- the at least one D is on a substituent group on an aryl ring.
- the substituent group is selected from alkyl and aryl.
- At least one of R 1 through R 8 is D. In some embodiments, at least two of R 1 through R 8 are D. In some embodiments, at least three are D; in some embodiments, at least four are D; in some embodiments, at least five are D; in some embodiments, at least six are D; in some embodiments, at least seven are D. In some embodiments, all of R 1 through R 8 are D.
- R 1 through R 8 are selected from H and D. In some embodiments, one of R 1 through R 8 are D and seven are H. In some embodiments, two of R 1 through R 8 are D and six are H. In some embodiments, three of R 1 through R 8 are D and five are H. In some embodiments, four of R 1 through R 8 are D, and four are H. In some embodiments, five of R 1 through R 8 are D and three are H. In some embodiments, six of R 1 through R 8 are D and two are H. In some embodiments, seven of R 1 through R 8 are D and one is H. In some embodiments, eight of R 1 through R 8 are D.
- R 1 through R 8 is selected from alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, siloxane, and silyl, and the remainder of R 1 through R 8 are selected from H and D.
- R 2 is selected from alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, siloxane, and silyl.
- R 2 is selected from alkyl and aryl.
- R 2 is selected from deuterated alkyl and deuterated aryl.
- R 2 is selected from deuterated aryl having at least 10% deuteration.
- R 2 is selected from deuterated aryl having at least 20% deuteration; in some embodiments, at least 30% deuteration; in some embodiments, at least 40% deuteration; in some embodiments, at least 50% deuteration; in some embodiments, at least 60% deuteration; in some embodiments, at least 70% deuteration; in some embodiments, at least 80% deuteration; in some embodiments, at least 90% deuteration . In some embodiments, R 2 is selected from deuterated aryl having 100% deuteration.
- At least one of Ar 1 through Ar 4 is a deuterated aryl.
- Ar 3 and Ar 4 are selected from D and deuterated aryls.
- Ar 1 through Ar 4 are at least 10% deuterated. In some embodiments of Formula I, Ar 1 through Ar 4 are at least 20% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 30% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 40% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 50% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 60% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 70% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 80% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 90% deuterated; in some embodiments, 100% deuterated.
- the compound of Formula I is at least 10% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 20% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 30% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 40% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 50% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 60% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 70% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 80% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 90% deuterated. In some embodiments, the compound is 100% deuterated.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracenyl, and deuterated derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, Ar 1 and Ar 2 are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, and deuterated derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, Ar 3 and Ar 4 are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracenyl,
- R 9 is the same or different at each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of H, D, alkyl, alkoxy, siloxane and silyl, or adjacent R 9 groups may be joined together to form an aromatic ring;
- n is the same or different at each occurrence and is an integer from 1 to 6.
- Ar 3 and Ar 4 are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, phenylnaphthylene, naphthylphenylene, deuterated derivatives thereof, and a group having Formula III:
- R and m are as defined above for Formula II.
- m is an integer from 1 to 3.
- at least one of Ar 1 through Ar 4 is a heteroaryl group.
- the heteroaryl group is deuterated.
- the heteroaryl group is at least 10% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 20% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 30% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 40% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 50% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 60% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 70% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 80% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 90% deuterated.
- the heteroaryl group is 100% deuterated.
- the heteroaryl group is selected from carbazole, benzofuran, dibenzofuran, and deuterated derivatives thereof.
- At least one of R 1 through R 8 is D and at least one of Ar 1 through Ar 4 is a deuterated aryl.
- the compound is at least 10% deuterated.
- the compound is at least 20% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 30% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 40% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 50% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 60% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 70% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 80% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 90% deuterated.
- the compound is 100% deuterated.
- the non-deuterated analogs of the new compounds can be prepared by known coupling and substitution reactions.
- the new deuterated compound can then be prepared in a similar manner using deuterated precursor materials or, more generally, by treating the non- deuterated compound with deuterated solvent, such as d6-benzene, in the presence of a Lewis acid H/D exchange catalyst, such as aluminum trichloride or ethyl aluminum chloride, or acids such as CF 3 COOD, DCI, etc.
- a Lewis acid H/D exchange catalyst such as aluminum trichloride or ethyl aluminum chloride, or acids such as CF 3 COOD, DCI, etc.
- Exemplary preparations are given in the Examples.
- the level of deuteration can be determined by NMR analysis and by mass
- the starting materials of the perdeuterated or partially deuterated aromatic compounds or alky compounds can be purchased from the commercial source or can be obtained using known methods. Some examples of such methods can be found in a) "Efficient H/D Exchange Reactions of Alkyl-Substituted Benzene Derivatives by Means of the Pd/C-H2-D2O System” Hiroyoshi Esaki, Fumiyo Aoki, Miho Umemura, Masatsugu Kato, Tomohiro Maegawa, Yasunari Monguchi, and Hironao Sajiki Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 4052 - 4063.
- the compounds described herein can be formed into films using liquid deposition techniques. Surprisingly and unexpectedly, these compounds have greatly improved properties when compared to analogous non-deuterated compounds. Electronic devices including an active layer with the compounds described herein, have greatly improved lifetimes. In addition, the lifetime increases are achieved in combination with high quantum efficiency and good color saturation. Furthermore, the deuterated compounds described herein have greater air tolerance than the non-deuterated analogs. This can result in greater processing tolerance both for the preparation and purification of the materials and in the formation of electronic devices using the materials.
- Organic electronic devices that may benefit from having one or more layers comprising the electroluminescent materials described herein include, but are not limited to, (1 ) devices that convert electrical energy into radiation (e.g., a light-emitting diode, light emitting diode display, or diode laser), (2) devices that detect signals through electronics processes (e.g., photodetectors, photoconductive cells, photoresistors,
- photoswitches, phototransistors, phototubes, IR detectors (3) devices that convert radiation into electrical energy, (e.g., a photovoltaic device or solar cell), and (4) devices that include one or more electronic components that include one or more organic semi-conductor layers (e.g., a transistor or diode).
- the device 100 has a first electrical contact layer, an anode layer 1 10 and a second electrical contact layer, a cathode layer 160, and an electroactive layer 140 between them.
- Adjacent to the anode may be a hole injection layer 120.
- Adjacent to the hole injection layer may be a hole transport layer 130, comprising hole transport material.
- Adjacent to the cathode may be an electron transport layer 150, comprising an electron transport material.
- Devices may use one or more additional hole injection or hole transport layers (not shown) next to the anode 1 10 and/or one or more additional electron injection or electron transport layers (not shown) next to the cathode 160.
- Layers 120 through 150 are individually and collectively referred to as the active layers.
- the different layers have the following range of thicknesses: anode 1 10, 500-5000 A, in one embodiment 1000-2000 A; hole injection layer 120, 50-2000 A, in one embodiment 200-1000 A; hole transport layer 130, 50-2000 A, in one embodiment 200-1000 A;
- electroactive layer 140 10-2000 A, in one embodiment 100-1000 A; layer 150, 50-2000 A, in one embodiment 100-1000 A; cathode 160, 200-10000 A, in one embodiment 300-5000 A.
- the location of the electron-hole recombination zone in the device, and thus the emission spectrum of the device, can be affected by the relative thickness of each layer. The desired ratio of layer thicknesses will depend on the exact nature of the materials used.
- electroactive layer 140 can be a light-emitting layer that is activated by an applied voltage (such as in a light-emitting diode or light-emitting electrochemical cell), or a layer of material that responds to radiant energy and generates a signal with or without an applied bias voltage (such as in a photodetector).
- an applied voltage such as in a light-emitting diode or light-emitting electrochemical cell
- a layer of material that responds to radiant energy and generates a signal with or without an applied bias voltage
- photodetectors include photoconductive cells, photoresistors, photoswitches, phototransistors, and phototubes, and photovoltaic cells, as these terms are described in Markus, John, Electronics and Nucleonics Dictionary, 470 and 476 (McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1966).
- One or more of the new deuterated materials described herein may be present in one or more of the active layers of a device.
- the deuterated materials may be used alone or in combination with non- deuterated materials.
- the new deuterated compounds are useful as hole transport materials in layer 130.
- at least one additional layer includes a new deuterated material.
- the additional layer is the hole injection layer 120.
- the additional layer is the electroactive layer 140.
- the additional layer is the electron transport layer 150.
- the new deuterated compounds are useful as host materials for electroactive dopant materials in electroactive layer 140.
- the emissive material is also deuterated.
- at least one additional layer includes a deuterated material.
- the additional layer is the hole injection layer 120.
- the additional layer is the hole transport layer 130.
- the additional layer is the electron transport layer 150
- the new deuterated compounds are useful as electron transport materials in layer 150.
- at least one additional layer includes a deuterated material.
- the additional layer is the hole injection layer 120.
- the additional layer is the hole transport layer 130.
- the additional layer is the electroactive layer 140.
- an electronic device has deuterated materials in any combination of layers selected from the group consisting of the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, the electroactive layer, and the electron transport layer.
- the devices have additional layers to aid in processing or to improve functionality. Any or all of these layers can include deuterated materials. In some embodiments, all the organic device layers comprise deuterated materials. In some embodiments, all the organic device layers consist essentially of deuterated materials.
- the new deuterated compounds of Formula I are useful as host materials for electroactive dopant materials in layer 140.
- the compounds can be used alone, or in combination with a second host material.
- the new deuterated compounds can be used as a host for dopants with any color of emission.
- the new deuterated compounds are used as hosts for green- or blue-emissive materials.
- the electroactive layer consists essentially of a host material having Formula I and one or more electroactive dopants. In some embodiments, the electroactive layer consists essentially of a first host material having Formula I, a second host material, and an
- second host materials include, but are not limited to, chrysenes, phenanthrenes, triphenylenes, phenanthrolines, naphthalenes, anthracenes, quinolines, isoquinolines, quinoxalines, phenylpyridines, benzodifurans, and metal quinolinate complexes.
- the amount of dopant present in the electroactive composition is generally in the range of 3-20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition; in some embodiments, 5-15% by weight.
- the ratio of first host having Formula I to second host is generally in the range of 1 :20 to 20:1 ; in some embodiments, 5:15 to 15:5.
- the first host material having Formula I is at least 50% by weight of the total host material; in some embodiments, at least 70% by weight.
- the second host material has Formula IV:
- Ar 5 is the same or different at each occurrence and is an aryl group;
- Q is selected from the group consisting of multivalent aryl groups and
- T is selected from the group consisting of (CR') a , SiR 2 , S, SO 2 , PR,
- R is the same or different at each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, and aryl;
- R' is the same or different at each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl;
- a is an integer from 1 -6;
- n is an integer from 0-6.
- n can have a value from 0-6, it will be understood that for some Q groups the value of n is restricted by the chemistry of the group. In some embodiments, n is 0 or 1 .
- adjacent Ar groups are joined together to form rings such as carbazole.
- adjacent means that the Ar groups are bonded to the same N.
- Ar 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, naphthylphenyl, and phenanthrylphenyl. Analogs higher than quaterphenyl, having 5-10 phenyl rings, can also be used.
- At least one of Ar 5 has at least one substituent.
- Substituent groups can be present in order to alter the physical or electronic properties of the host material.
- the substituents improve the processibility of the host material. In some embodiments, the substituents increase the solubility and/or increase the Tg of the host material. In some embodiments, the substituents are selected from the group consisting of D, alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, silyl groups, siloxane, and combinations thereof.
- Q is an aryl group having at least two fused rings. In some embodiments, Q has 3-5 fused aromatic rings. In some embodiments, Q is selected from the group consisting of chrysene, phenanthrene, triphenylene, phenanthroline, naphthalene, anthracene, quinoline and isoquinoline.
- the dopant is an electroactive material which is capable of electroluminescence having an emission maximum between 380 and 750 nm. In some embodiments, the dopant emits red, green, or blue light.
- Electroluminescent (“EL”) materials which can be used as a dopant in the electroactive layer, include, but are not limited to, small molecule organic luminescent compounds, luminescent metal complexes, conjugated polymers, and mixtures thereof.
- small molecule luminescent compounds include, but are not limited to, chrysenes, pyrenes, perylenes, rubrenes, coumarins, anthracenes, thiadiazoles, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
- metal complexes include, but are not limited to, metal chelated oxinoid compounds.
- conjugated polymers include, but are not limited to
- red light-emitting materials include, but are not limited to, periflanthenes, fluoranthenes, and perylenes. Red light-emitting materials have been disclosed in, for example, US patent 6,875,524, and published US application 2005-0158577.
- green light-emitting materials include, but are not limited to, diaminoanthracenes, and polyphenylenevinylene polymers.
- Green light-emitting materials have been disclosed in, for example, published PCT application WO 2007/021 1 17.
- blue light-emitting materials include, but are not limited to, diarylanthracenes, diaminochrysenes, diaminopyrenes, and
- the dopant is an organic compound. In some embodiments, the dopant is selected from the group consisting of a non-polymeric spirobifluorene compound and a fluoranthene compound. In some embodiments, the dopant is a compound having aryl amine groups. In some embodiments, the electroactive dopant is selected from the formulae below:
- A is the same or different at each occurrence and is an aromatic group having from 3-60 carbon atoms;
- Q' is a single bond or an aromatic group having from 3-60 carbon atoms
- p and q are independently an integer from 1 -6.
- At least one of A and Q' in each formula has at least three condensed rings.
- p and q are equal to 1 .
- Q' is a styryl or styrylphenyl group. In some embodiments, Q' is an aromatic group having at least two condensed rings. In some embodiments, Q' is selected from the group consisting of naphthalene, anthracene, chrysene, pyrene, tetracene, xanthene, perylene, coumarin, rhodamine, quinacridone, and rubrene.
- A is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, biphenyl, tolyl, naphthyl, naphthylphenyl, and anthracenyl groups.
- the dopant has the formula below:
- Y is the same or different at each occurrence and is an aromatic group having 3-60 carbon atoms
- Q" is an aromatic group, a divalent triphenylamine residue group, a single bond.
- the dopant is an aryl acene. In some embodiments, the dopant is a non-symmetrical aryl acene.
- the dopant is an anthracene derivative having Formula V:
- R 10 is the same or different at each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of D, alkyl, alkoxy and aryl, where adjacent R 10 groups may be joined together to form a 5- or 6-membered aliphatic ring;
- Ar 6 through Ar 9 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of aryl groups
- d is the same or different at each occurrence and is an integer from 0 to 4.
- the dopant of Formula V is deuterated. In some embodiments, the aryl groups are deuterated. In some
- the alkyl groups are deuterated.
- the dopant is at least 50% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 60% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 70% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 80% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 90% deuterated; in some embodiments, 100% deuterated.
- the dopant is a chrysene derivative having Formula VI:
- R 11 is the same or different at each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of D, alkyl, alkoxy aryl, fluoro, cyano, nitro, — SO 2 R 12 , where R 12 is alkyl or perfluoroalkyl, where adjacent R 11 groups may be joined together to form a 5- or 6-membered aliphatic ring;
- Ar 6 through Ar 9 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of aryl groups.
- e is the same or different at each occurrence and is an integer from
- the dopant of Formula VI is deuterated. In some embodiments, the aryl groups are deuterated. In some
- the alkyl groups are deuterated.
- the dopant is at least 50% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 60% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 70% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 80% deuterated; in some embodiments, at least 90% deuterated; in some embodiments, 100% deuterated.
- green dopants are compounds D1 through D8 shown below.
- the electroactive dopant is selected from the group consisting of amino-substituted chrysenes and amino- substituted anthracenes.
- the new deuterated compound described herein is an electroluminescent material and is present as an electroactive material.
- the other layers in the device can be made of any materials that are known to be useful in such layers.
- the anode 1 10 is an electrode that is particularly efficient for injecting positive charge carriers. It can be made of, for example, materials containing a metal, mixed metal, alloy, metal oxide or mixed- metal oxide, or it can be a conducting polymer, or mixtures thereof.
- Suitable metals include the Group 1 1 metals, the metals in Groups 4-6, and the Group 8-10 transition metals. If the anode is to be light- transmitting, mixed-metal oxides of Groups 12, 13 and 14 metals, such as indium-tin-oxide, are generally used.
- the anode 1 10 can also comprise an organic material such as polyaniline as described in "Flexible light- emitting diodes made from soluble conducting polymer," Nature vol. 357, pp 477-479 (1 1 June 1992). At least one of the anode and cathode is desirably at least partially transparent to allow the generated light to be observed.
- the hole injection layer 120 comprises hole injection material and may have one or more functions in an organic electronic device, including but not limited to, planarization of the underlying layer, charge transport and/or charge injection properties, scavenging of impurities such as oxygen or metal ions, and other aspects to facilitate or to improve the performance of the organic electronic device.
- Hole injection materials may be polymers, oligomers, or small molecules. They may be vapour deposited or deposited from liquids which may be in the form of solutions, dispersions, suspensions, emulsions, colloidal mixtures, or other compositions.
- the hole injection layer can be formed with polymeric materials, such as polyaniline (PANI) or polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), which are often doped with protonic acids.
- the protonic acids can be, for example, poly(styrenesulfonic acid), poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1 - propanesulfonic acid), and the like.
- the hole injection layer can comprise charge transfer compounds, and the like, such as copper phthalocyanine and the tetrathiafulvalene- tetracyanoquinodimethane system (TTF-TCNQ).
- charge transfer compounds such as copper phthalocyanine and the tetrathiafulvalene- tetracyanoquinodimethane system (TTF-TCNQ).
- the hole injection layer comprises at least one electrically conductive polymer and at least one fluorinated acid polymer.
- electrically conductive polymer and at least one fluorinated acid polymer.
- the hole transport layer 130 comprises the new deuterated compound of Formula I. Examples of other hole transport materials for layer 130 have been summarized for example, in
- hole transporting molecules are: N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-[1 ,1 '-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD), 1 ,1 -bis[(di-4-tolylamino) phenyljcyclohexane (TAPC), N,N'-bis(4- methylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(4-ethylphenyl)-[1 ,1 '-(3,3'-dimethyl)biphenyl]-4,4'- diamine (ETPD), tetrakis-(3-methylphenyl)-N,N,N',N'-2,5- phenylenediamine (PDA), a-phenyl-4-N
- hole transporting polymers are polyvinylcarbazole, (phenylmethyl)- polysilane, and polyaniline. It is also possible to obtain hole transporting polymers by doping hole transporting molecules such as those mentioned above into polymers such as polystyrene and polycarbonate. In some cases, triarylamine polymers are used, especially triarylamine-fluorene copolymers. In some cases, the polymers and copolymers are
- crosslinkable hole transport polymers examples can be found in, for example, published US patent application 2005-0184287 and published PCT application WO 2005/052027.
- the hole transport layer is doped with a p-dopant, such as
- the electron transport layer 150 comprises the new deuterated compound of Formula I.
- electron transport materials which can be used in layer 150 include metal chelated oxinoid compounds, such as tris(8-hydroxyquinolato)aluminum (Alq3); bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(para-phenyl-phenolato)aluminum(lll) (BAIQ); and azole compounds such as 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-t-butylphenyl)-1 ,3,4- oxadiazole (PBD) and 3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-t-butylphenyl)-1 ,2,4- triazole (TAZ), and 1 ,3,5-tri(phenyl-2-benzimidazole)benzene (TPBI); quinoxaline derivatives such as 2,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)quinoxaline;
- phenanthroline derivatives such as 9,10-diphenylphenanthroline (DPA) and 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1 ,10-phenanthroline (DDPA); and mixtures thereof.
- the electron-transport layer may also be doped with n-dopants, such as Cs or other alkali metals.
- Layer 150 can function both to facilitate electron transport, and also serve as a buffer layer or confinement layer to prevent quenching of the exciton at layer interfaces. Preferably, this layer promotes electron mobility and reduces exciton quenching.
- the cathode 160 is an electrode that is particularly efficient for injecting electrons or negative charge carriers.
- the cathode can be any metal or nonmetal having a lower work function than the anode.
- Materials for the cathode can be selected from alkali metals of Group 1 (e.g., Li, Cs), the Group 2 (alkaline earth) metals, the Group 12 metals, including the rare earth elements and lanthanides, and the actinides. Materials such as aluminum, indium, calcium, barium, samarium and magnesium, as well as combinations, can be used.
- LiF, CsF, and Li 2 O can also be deposited between the organic layer and the cathode layer to lower the operating voltage.
- anode 1 10 and hole injection layer 120 there can be a layer (not shown) between the anode 1 10 and hole injection layer 120 to control the amount of positive charge injected and/or to provide band-gap matching of the layers, or to function as a protective layer.
- Layers that are known in the art can be used, such as copper phthalocyanine, silicon oxy-nitride, fluorocarbons, silanes, or an ultra-thin layer of a metal, such as Pt.
- some or all of anode layer 1 10, active layers 120, 130, 140, and 150, or cathode layer 160 can be surface-treated to increase charge carrier transport efficiency.
- the choice of materials for each of the component layers is preferably determined by balancing the positive and negative charges in the emitter layer to provide a device with high electroluminescence efficiency.
- each functional layer can be made up of more than one layer.
- the device can be prepared by a variety of techniques, including sequential vapor deposition of the individual layers on a suitable substrate.
- Substrates such as glass, plastics, and metals can be used.
- Conventional vapor deposition techniques can be used, such as thermal evaporation, chemical vapor deposition, and the like.
- the organic layers can be applied from solutions or dispersions in suitable solvents, using conventional coating or printing techniques, including but not limited to spin-coating, dip-coating, roll-to-roll techniques, ink-jet printing, screen- printing, gravure printing and the like.
- the present invention also relates to an electronic device comprising at least one active layer positioned between two electrical contact layers, wherein the at least one active layer of the device includes the anthracene compound of Formula 1 .
- Devices frequently have additional hole transport and electron transport layers.
- the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) of the hole transport material desirably aligns with the work function of the anode
- the LUMO (lowest un-occupied molecular orbital) of the electron transport material desirably aligns with the work function of the cathode.
- Chemical compatibility and sublimation temperature of the materials are also important considerations in selecting the electron and hole transport materials.
- the efficiency of devices made with the anthracene compounds described herein can be further improved by optimizing the other layers in the device.
- more efficient cathodes such as Ca, Ba or LiF can be used.
- Shaped substrates and novel hole transport materials that result in a reduction in operating voltage or increase quantum efficiency are also applicable.
- Additional layers can also be added to tailor the energy levels of the various layers and facilitate electroluminescence.
- the compounds of the invention often are photoluminescent and can be useful in applications other than OLEDs, such as oxygen sensitive indicators and as luminescent indicators in bioassays.
- the resulting yellow band was evaporated to low volume and crystallized from toluene/acetone/methanol. This was washed with methanol and hexanes and suctioned dry to obtain a free flowing microcrystalline yellow powder. The structure was confirmed by NMR analysis.
- This example illustrates the preparation of a non-deuterated compound, Comparative Compound A.
- This compound can be prepared according to the following scheme:
- reaction mixture was purged with nitrogen and degassed water (50 mL) was added by syringe. A condenser was then added and the reaction was refluxed overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM. The organic fractions were combined, washed with brine and dried with magnesium sulfate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The resulting solid was washed with acetone and hexane and filtered. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel afforded 4.03 g (72%) of product as pale yellow crystalline material.
- naphthalen-1 -yl-1 -boronic 14.2g, 82.6mmol
- acid 1 -bromo-2-iodobenzene (25.8g, 91 .2 mmol)
- the product was further purified as described in published U.S. patent application 2008-0138655, to achieve an HPLC purity of at least 99.9% and an impurity absorbance no greater than 0.01 .
- This example illustrates the preparation of a compound having Formula I, Compound H14.
- the product was further purified as described in published U.S. patent application 2008-0138655, to achieve an HPLC purity of at least 99.9% and an impurity absorbance no greater than 0.01 .
- the material was determined to have the same level of purity as comparative
- the device had the following structure on a glass substrate:
- anode Indium Tin Oxide (ITO): 50 nm
- hole injection layer HIJ1 (50 nm), which is an aqueous dispersion of an electrically conductive polymer and a polymeric fluorinated sulfonic acid.
- HIJ1 50 nm
- hole transport layer polymer P1 , which is a non-crossl inked arylamine polymer (20 nm)
- cathode CsF/AI (1 .0/100 nm)
- OLED devices were fabricated by a combination of solution processing and thermal evaporation techniques.
- Patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates from Thin Film Devices, Inc were used. These ITO substrates are based on Corning 1737 glass coated with ITO having a sheet resistance of 30 ohms/square and 80% light transmission.
- the patterned ITO substrates were cleaned ultrasonically in aqueous detergent solution and rinsed with distilled water.
- the patterned ITO was subsequently cleaned ultrasonically in acetone, rinsed with isopropanol, and dried in a stream of nitrogen.
- ITO substrates were treated with UV ozone for 10 minutes. Immediately after device fabrication the cleaned, patterned ITO substrates were treated with UV ozone for 10 minutes. Immediately after device fabrication the cleaned, patterned ITO substrates were treated with UV ozone for 10 minutes. Immediately after device fabrication the cleaned, patterned ITO substrates were treated with UV ozone for 10 minutes. Immediately after device fabrication the cleaned, patterned ITO substrates were treated with UV ozone for 10 minutes. Immediately after
- an aqueous dispersion of HIJ1 was spin-coated over the ITO surface and heated to remove solvent.
- the substrates were then spin-coated with a solution of a hole transport material, and then heated to remove solvent.
- the substrates were spin-coated with the emissive layer solution, and heated to remove solvent.
- the lo substrates were masked and placed in a vacuum chamber.
- the electron transport layer was deposited by thermal evaporation, followed by a layer of CsF.
- Masks were then changed in vacuo and a layer of Al was deposited by thermal evaporation.
- the chamber was vented, and the devices were encapsulated using a glass lid, dessicant, and UV curable
- the OLED samples were characterized by measuring their (1 ) current-voltage (l-V) curves, (2) electroluminescence radiance versus voltage, and (3) electroluminescence spectra versus voltage. All three measurements were performed at the same time and controlled by a 20 computer. The current efficiency of the device at a certain voltage is
- the unit determined by dividing the electroluminescence radiance of the LED by the current needed to run the device.
- the unit is a cd/A.
- the power efficiency is the current efficiency multiplied by pi, divided by the operating voltage.
- the unit is Im/W.
- Table 2 The device data is given in Table 2.
- RawT50 is the time in 5 hours for a device to reach one-half the initial luminance at the lifetest
- Projected T50 is the projected lifetime at 1000 nits using an accelerator factor of 1 .7.
- the combined eluates are evaporated to dryness to give 24 g. (87%) of 9-bromoanthracene-d9 as a lemon-yellow solid. It contains impurity of the starting material ( ⁇ 2%) and the dibromo- byproduct ( ⁇ 2%). This material was used directly in further coupling reactions without purification.
- the intermediate can be further purified to by recrystalization using hexane or cyclohexane to give the pure compound.
- the mixture was filtered and was washed twice 10% sodium thiosulfate Na2Sa03 (50ml_) and then with water. It was dissolved in CH 2 CI 2 and run flash column. The light yellow, crystalline material was obtained 124 g(70%).
- the filtrate was extracted with CH2CI2 (50mL x3) and combined the CH 2 C washed twice 10% sodium thiosulfate Na 2 S 2 O3 (50mL) and then with water. After dried and evaporated the solvent and run flash column to give another 32 g of pure product (17.5%). Total is 156g (yield 88%).
- the device had the following structure on a glass substrate:
- hole injection layer HIJ1 (50 nm).
- hole transport layer polymer P1 (20 nm)
- cathode CsF/AI (1 .0/100 nm)
- OLED devices were fabricated by a combination of solution processing and thermal evaporation techniques.
- Patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates from Thin Film Devices, Inc were used. These ITO substrates are based on Corning 1737 glass coated with ITO having a sheet resistance of 30 ohms/square and 80% light transmission.
- the patterned ITO substrates were cleaned ultrasonically in aqueous detergent solution and rinsed with distilled water.
- the patterned ITO was subsequently cleaned ultrasonically in acetone, rinsed with isopropanol, and dried in a stream of nitrogen.
- ITO substrates were treated with UV ozone for 10 minutes.
- an aqueous dispersion of HIJ1 was spin-coated over the ITO surface and heated to remove solvent.
- the substrates were then spin-coated with a solution of a hole transport material, and then heated to remove solvent.
- the substrates were spin-coated with the emissive layer solution, and heated to remove solvent.
- the substrates were masked and placed in a vacuum chamber.
- the electron transport layer was deposited by thermal evaporation, followed by a layer of CsF.
- Masks were then changed in vacuo and a layer of Al was 5 deposited by thermal evaporation.
- the chamber was vented, and the devices were encapsulated using a glass lid, dessicant, and UV curable epoxy.
- the OLED samples were characterized by measuring their (1 ) current-voltage (l-V) curves, (2) electroluminescence radiance versus lo voltage, and (3) electroluminescence spectra versus voltage. All three measurements were performed at the same time and controlled by a computer.
- the current efficiency of the device at a certain voltage is determined by dividing the electroluminescence radiance of the LED by the current needed to run the device.
- the unit is a cd/A.
- RawT50 is the time in hours for a device to reach one-half the initial luminance at the lifetest luminance given.
- Projected T50 is the projected lifetime at 1000 nits using an accelerator factor of 1 .7.
- This example demonstrates the fabrication and performance of a device having an electroactive layer with a green dopant, a first host having Formula I, and a second host material.
- the electron transport material was ET2, shown below.
- the device had the following structure on a glass substrate:
- hole injection layer HIJ2, (50 nm), which is an aqueous dispersion of an electrically conductive polymer and a polymeric fluorinated sulfonic acid.
- hole transport layer polymer P1 (20 nm)
- electroactive layer 82.5:5:12.5 first hos second hos dopant (60 nm), as shown in Table 6
- cathode CsF/AI (0.7/100 nm)
- RawT50 is the time in hours for a device to reach one-half the initial luminance at the lifetest
- Projected T50 is the projected lifetime at 1000 nits using an accelerator factor of 1 .7.
- the lifetime of the device is greatly increased, while maintaining other device properties.
- the projected lifetime more than doubles, even with the lo presence of a non-deuterated second host material.
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Abstract
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EP2473580A4 (en) | 2013-02-20 |
CN102482570A (en) | 2012-05-30 |
TW201109291A (en) | 2011-03-16 |
KR20120058602A (en) | 2012-06-07 |
WO2011028216A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
JP5714014B2 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
JP2013503860A (en) | 2013-02-04 |
CN102482570B (en) | 2014-11-12 |
CN104370686A (en) | 2015-02-25 |
KR20150036725A (en) | 2015-04-07 |
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