EP2469099A1 - Rotor for a pump and core assembly and method for casting a wheel of a pump - Google Patents

Rotor for a pump and core assembly and method for casting a wheel of a pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2469099A1
EP2469099A1 EP10016065A EP10016065A EP2469099A1 EP 2469099 A1 EP2469099 A1 EP 2469099A1 EP 10016065 A EP10016065 A EP 10016065A EP 10016065 A EP10016065 A EP 10016065A EP 2469099 A1 EP2469099 A1 EP 2469099A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
core
impeller
casting
pump
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10016065A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2469099B1 (en
Inventor
John Ricky Nielsen
Christian A. Jørgensen
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Grundfos Management AS
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Grundfos Management AS
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Publication date
Application filed by Grundfos Management AS filed Critical Grundfos Management AS
Priority to EP10016065.4A priority Critical patent/EP2469099B1/en
Priority to US13/332,549 priority patent/US9422941B2/en
Priority to CN201110458265.2A priority patent/CN102562649B/en
Publication of EP2469099A1 publication Critical patent/EP2469099A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2469099B1 publication Critical patent/EP2469099B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2205—Conventional flow pattern
    • F04D29/2222—Construction and assembly
    • F04D29/2227—Construction and assembly for special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/026—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/21—Manufacture essentially without removing material by casting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an impeller for a pump having the features specified in the preamble of claim 1 and a core assembly and a method for casting such an impeller.
  • Impellers of pumps are usually either composed of sheet metal parts or formed as castings of plastic or metal. Due to the shape of the flow channels in the impeller cores are required in the casting, in order to be able to form the resulting by the shape of the flow channels undercuts. Cast wheels made of metal often lost cores are used.
  • the cores are often formed so complex that the inner contour, which defines the negative mold for the impeller to be formed, is often not fully visible, so that it is not apparent before casting, whether the core is in perfect condition. It is particularly problematic to form the inlet region of the flow channels, ie in particular the front blade edge in the flow direction error-free. It is therefore desirable to be able to ensure in the core production that this area is formed without errors in order to ensure a faultless shaping of the blade leading edge. This is an important area for the flow guidance and, in particular in the case of self-priming pumps, it is important for this area to be formed without errors in order to be able to ensure the desired suction power.
  • the impeller according to the invention for a pump has at least one blade and is designed as a casting.
  • the impeller has been molded during casting by means of at least two composite core parts, wherein the dividing line or dividing lines between the two core parts is / are located so that it is / are spaced from the front end edge of the at least one blade viewed in the flow direction , Ie. It is ensured that the dividing lines or joints at which the at least two core parts are assembled, are not located in the region of the front end edge of the blade, which forms the inlet region for the flow channel through the impeller. In this way it is achieved that this sensitive end edge is formed in only one core part.
  • this front edge is formed in its predefined shape without errors, which could result, for example, from contamination or damage in the region of the parting lines of the cores.
  • By dividing the mold into at least two core parts can be ensured beyond that the negative mold is located for the front edge in the corresponding core part so that it is visible from outside before assembling the core parts. This then makes it possible to check before the casting of the impeller, whether the negative mold for the front end edge of the impeller is faultless.
  • the at least one parting line between the at least two core parts on a flow leading front side of the at least one blade is further spaced from the front end edge than a parting line between the two core parts on the rear side of the blade.
  • the front of the blade is the flow-leading side, which causes a flow deflection during operation. This is the area of the blade, which must be designed to be particularly accurate for flow guidance, in particular in the inlet region near the front end edge of the blade in order to ensure the desired suction properties of an impeller can. Therefore, it is desirable that possible impairments of the predefined blade shape, which originate from the parting line between the core parts, are spaced as far as possible from the front end edge of the blade in order to make this sensitive blade region as error-free as possible.
  • the rear of the blade is less sensitive, so that in this area the parting line or parting line may be located closer to the front end edge of the blade.
  • the impeller is designed as a casting of metal.
  • the cores for such castings are usually formed using molding sand. Therefore, there is the problem that individual particles may break out of the mold or the core, especially at the interfaces where the cores are assembled. In addition, there is also the risk that individual particles accumulate in inaccessible areas of the mold or the core.
  • the embodiment according to the invention in which the parting line or division line for the cores is placed in a region of the impeller in which deviations in shape have less influence on the flow guidance, the danger of a negative influence on the impeller to be cast is possibly due to the parting lines Solvent mold particles and associated geometrical deviations of the cast wheel less problematic.
  • the invention is also a core assembly for forming an impeller according to the foregoing description.
  • the core assembly has at least two core parts, wherein the shape for at least one blade of the impeller in the core parts is formed such that the shape of the upstream front edge of the blade is completely formed by only one of the core parts.
  • the shape of the upstream end edge of the blade in the one core part is formed such that it is visible on the core part from the outside.
  • the dividing line or the dividing lines between the at least two core parts are located in a mold section which defines the front and / or back of at least one blade of the impeller.
  • the front and the back of the blade are the sides which define or limit a flow channel through the impeller. If the dividing lines are located in these areas, it is ensured that the dividing line does not cover the area of the leading edge of the blade, i. H. crossed or tangent at the entrance of the flow channel.
  • the parting line at the front of the blade is spaced farther from the upstream front edge of the blade than the parting line at the rear of the blade.
  • the front of the blade is the side of the blade which achieves a flow deflection, ie the forward side in the direction of rotation of the rotor. This is usually in particular a concave curved surface, on which a flow is guided or deflected.
  • the area adjacent to the front blade edge region for flow guidance is crucial. The fact that the dividing line between the core parts is displaced out of this region adjoining the front end side ensures that the impeller to be cast can be cast as accurately as possible without burrs or damage to the surface in this region which is decisive for the flow guidance.
  • the dividing line on the front side of the blade is located in the downstream direction, preferably in the rear third of the blade. In this way it can be ensured that the longest possible entry area at the front of the blade can be optimally cast in the best surface quality, without the parting line between the core parts, the quality of the blade surface z. B. affected by burrs.
  • the core is formed as a lost core. Ie. the core is designed so that it is destroyed after the casting of the impeller. In this way it is possible to form undercuts which prevent withdrawal of the cores. The core is then removed by destruction.
  • the production of the core or the core parts is particularly preferably carried out by printing or generating, the core being formed in layers of molding material. Core or core parts of almost any shape can be produced here.
  • impeller has a plurality of blades 4, which extend, starting from the suction mouth 6 of the impeller curved to the outer periphery 8.
  • 4 flow channels are formed between the blades, which extend arcuately radially outward and are open to the outer periphery 8 out.
  • the blades 4 have front end edges 10, which are located at the inlet of the flow towards the suction mouth 6.
  • the flow direction is the direction S, in which the flow between the blades 4 during rotation of the impeller 2 extends.
  • front end edges 10 and the adjacent surfaces of the blades 6 must be particularly precise in order to ensure the desired conveying properties of the impeller, in particular suction properties of the impeller and should, if possible, have an error-free surface. To this, too will reach the impeller as a casting, preferably made of metal, using two core parts, which in Fig. 3 are shown formed.
  • the in Fig. 3 shown core 12 forms part of a mold for casting the impeller 2 and is formed of two core parts 14 and 16.
  • the core 12 is divided into the core parts 14 and 16 such that the front end edges 10 are completely defined in their shape by the core part 16.
  • This has molds or form regions 18, which represent the negative mold for the front end edges 10 of the blades 4. Since these mold regions 18, which form the front end edge 10, are located completely in the core part 16, it is ensured that the parting line 20 between the core parts 14 and 16 does not extend in the region of this front end edge 10 of the blades 4, so that the parting line 20, which could cause burrs or surface inaccuracies on the casting, the front end edges 10 does not cross or tangent.
  • the molding areas 18 are located and arranged so that they are completely visible on the core part 16 from the outside. This makes it possible to inspect the molds 18 defining the front end edge 10 of the blades 4 prior to assembling the core parts 14 and 16 to detect any defects in the mold prior to casting and then either the mold part 16 to be able to replace or to edit the form accordingly.
  • the parting lines 20, at which the core parts 14 and 16 are assembled and come to rest, are located so that the parting lines on the blade front 22 and the blade back 24 are spaced differently from the leading edge 10 of the blade.
  • the blade front side 22 is the front in the direction of rotation D side of the impeller.
  • Fig. 2 is the separation line course or the dividing line 26 on the blade front 22 schematically as a solid line represents and the parting line course or the dividing line 28 on the blade rear side 24 shown schematically as a dashed line.
  • the parting line 26 is spaced on the blade front side in the flow direction by a dimension I, while the parting line 28 is spaced at the blade rear side by a dimension s in the flow direction S of the front end edge 10 of the blade.
  • the distance I is greater than the distance s.
  • the blade front side 22 represents the flow-guiding side of the blades 4.
  • the design of the surface of the front blade side 22, in particular in the region adjacent to the front Stirnkaten 10 is of crucial importance to achieve optimum flow guidance in the impeller. Therefore, it is provided here, the separation line 26 in this area by the dimension I further from the front end edge 10 to space.
  • the blade rear 24 has less flow functions. Therefore, in this area, the dividing line 28 may be closer to the front end edge 10, since possibly minor deterioration of the surface quality in this area of the blade rear side is less problematic.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The impeller (2) has a blade (4) and is formed as a cast part. The impeller is formed by two core sections during casting. The dividing lines between the two core sections are spaced by a front edge (10) of the blade in a flow direction (S). The impeller is a cast part made of metal. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a core arrangement for casting an impeller of a pump; and (2) a method for casting an impeller of a pump.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Laufrad für eine Pumpe mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen sowie eine Kernanordnung und ein Verfahren zum Gießen eines solchen Laufrades.The invention relates to an impeller for a pump having the features specified in the preamble of claim 1 and a core assembly and a method for casting such an impeller.

Laufräder von Pumpen werden in der Regel entweder aus Blechteilen zusammengesetzt oder aber als Gussteile aus Kunststoff oder Metall ausgebildet. Aufgrund der Form der Strömungskanäle im Laufrad sind beim Gießen Kerne erforderlich, um die sich durch die Form der Strömungskanäle ergebenden Hinterschneidungen ausbilden zu können. Bei Gusslaufrädern aus Metall werden häufig verlorene Kerne verwendet.Impellers of pumps are usually either composed of sheet metal parts or formed as castings of plastic or metal. Due to the shape of the flow channels in the impeller cores are required in the casting, in order to be able to form the resulting by the shape of the flow channels undercuts. Cast wheels made of metal often lost cores are used.

Die Kerne sind häufig derart komplex ausgebildet, dass die Innenkontur, welche die Negativform für das auszubildende Laufrad definiert, häufig nicht voll einsehbar ist, sodass vor dem Gießen nicht erkennbar ist, ob der Kern in einwandfreiem Zustand ist. Dabei ist es insbesondere problematisch, den Eintrittsbereich der Strömungskanäle, d. h. insbesondere die in Strömungsrichtung vordere Schaufelkante fehlerfrei auszubilden. Es ist daher wünschenswert, bei der Kernherstellung sicherstellen zu können, dass dieser Bereich fehlerfrei ausgebildet ist, um eine fehlerfreie Formung der Schaufelvorderkante zu gewährleisten. Dies ist ein für die Strömungsführung wesentlicher Bereich und insbesondere bei selbstansaugenden Pumpen ist es wichtig, dass dieser Bereich fehlerfrei ausgebildet ist, um die gewünschte Saugleistung sicherstellen zu können.The cores are often formed so complex that the inner contour, which defines the negative mold for the impeller to be formed, is often not fully visible, so that it is not apparent before casting, whether the core is in perfect condition. It is particularly problematic to form the inlet region of the flow channels, ie in particular the front blade edge in the flow direction error-free. It is therefore desirable to be able to ensure in the core production that this area is formed without errors in order to ensure a faultless shaping of the blade leading edge. This is an important area for the flow guidance and, in particular in the case of self-priming pumps, it is important for this area to be formed without errors in order to be able to ensure the desired suction power.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein gegossenes Laufrad dahingehend zu verbessern, dass eine fehlerfreie Ausbildung des Eintrittsbereiches der Strömungskanäle auf vereinfachte Weise sichergestellt werden kann. Darüber hinaus ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine entsprechende Kernanordnung und ein Verfahren zum Gießen eines Laufrades bereitzustellen, mit welchem es möglich ist, den Eintrittsbereich der Strömungskanäle in verbesserter Qualität auszubilden.It is therefore an object of the invention to improve a cast impeller to the effect that a fault-free design of the inlet region of the flow channels can be ensured in a simplified manner. Moreover, it is an object of the invention to provide a corresponding core arrangement and a method for casting an impeller, with which it is possible to form the inlet region of the flow channels in improved quality.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Laufrad mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen, durch eine Kernanordnung mit den im Anspruch 5 angegebenen Merkmalen sowie durch ein Verfahren mit den im Anspruch 11 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den zugehörigen Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie den beigefügten Figuren.This object is achieved by an impeller having the features specified in claim 1, by a core assembly having the features specified in claim 5 and by a method having the features specified in claim 11. Preferred embodiments will become apparent from the appended subclaims, the following description and the attached figures.

Das erfindungsgemäße Laufrad für eine Pumpe weist zumindest eine Schaufel auf und ist als Gussteil ausgebildet. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass das Laufrad beim Guss mittels zumindest zweier zusammengesetzter Kernteile geformt wurde, wobei die Trennlinie bzw. Trennlinien zwischen den beiden Kernteilen so gelegen ist/sind, dass sie von der in Strömungsrichtung gesehen vorderen Stirnkante der zumindest einen Schaufel beabstandet ist/sind. D. h. es wird sichergestellt, dass die Trennlinien bzw. Trennfugen, an denen die zumindest zwei Kernteile zusammengesetzt sind, nicht im Bereich der vorderen Stirnkante der Schaufel gelegen sind, welche den Eintrittsbereich für den Strömungskanal durch das Laufrad bildet. Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, dass diese sensible Stirnkante in nur einem Kernteil ausgebildet wird. Dadurch kann besser gewährleistet werden, dass diese Stirnkante in ihrer vordefinierten Form ohne Fehler, welche beispielsweise von Verunreinigungen oder Beschädigungen im Bereich der Trennfugen der Kerne herrühren könnten, ausgebildet wird. Durch die Teilung der Form in zumindest zwei Kernteile kann darüber hinaus sichergestellt werden, dass die Negativform für die Stirnkante in dem entsprechenden Kernteil so gelegen ist, dass sie vor dem Zusammensetzen der Kernteile von außen einsehbar ist. Dies ermöglicht es dann, vor dem Gießen des Laufrades zu überprüfen, ob die Negativform für die vordere Stirnkante des Laufrades fehlerfrei ist.The impeller according to the invention for a pump has at least one blade and is designed as a casting. According to the invention, it is provided that the impeller has been molded during casting by means of at least two composite core parts, wherein the dividing line or dividing lines between the two core parts is / are located so that it is / are spaced from the front end edge of the at least one blade viewed in the flow direction , Ie. It is ensured that the dividing lines or joints at which the at least two core parts are assembled, are not located in the region of the front end edge of the blade, which forms the inlet region for the flow channel through the impeller. In this way it is achieved that this sensitive end edge is formed in only one core part. As a result, it can be better ensured that this front edge is formed in its predefined shape without errors, which could result, for example, from contamination or damage in the region of the parting lines of the cores. By dividing the mold into at least two core parts can be ensured beyond that the negative mold is located for the front edge in the corresponding core part so that it is visible from outside before assembling the core parts. This then makes it possible to check before the casting of the impeller, whether the negative mold for the front end edge of the impeller is faultless.

Bevorzugt ist die zumindest eine Trennlinie zwischen den zumindest zwei Kernteilen an einer strömungsführenden Vorderseite der zumindest einen Schaufel von der vorderen Stirnkante weiter beabstandet als eine Trennlinie bzw. Trennfuge zwischen den beiden Kernteilen an der Rückseite der Schaufel. Die Vorderseite der Schaufel ist dabei die strömungsführende Seite, welche im Betrieb eine Strömungsumlenkung bewirkt. Dies ist der Bereich der Schaufel, welcher zur Strömungsführung besonders genau ausgebildet sein muss, insbesondere im Eintrittsbereich nahe der vorderen Stirnkante der Schaufel, um die gewünschten Ansaugeigenschaften eines Laufrades sicherstellen zu können. Daher ist es wünschenswert, dass mögliche Beeinträchtigungen der vordefinierten Schaufelform, welche von der Trennfuge zwischen den Kernteilen herrühren, in diesem Bereich möglichst weit von der vorderen Stirnkante der Schaufel beabstandet sind, um diesen sensiblen Schaufelbereich möglichst fehlerfrei ausbilden zu können. Die Schaufelrückseite ist weniger sensibel, sodass in diesem Bereich die Trennfuge oder Trennlinie näher zur vorderen Stirnkante der Schaufel gelegen sein kann.Preferably, the at least one parting line between the at least two core parts on a flow leading front side of the at least one blade is further spaced from the front end edge than a parting line between the two core parts on the rear side of the blade. The front of the blade is the flow-leading side, which causes a flow deflection during operation. This is the area of the blade, which must be designed to be particularly accurate for flow guidance, in particular in the inlet region near the front end edge of the blade in order to ensure the desired suction properties of an impeller can. Therefore, it is desirable that possible impairments of the predefined blade shape, which originate from the parting line between the core parts, are spaced as far as possible from the front end edge of the blade in order to make this sensitive blade region as error-free as possible. The rear of the blade is less sensitive, so that in this area the parting line or parting line may be located closer to the front end edge of the blade.

Weiter bevorzugt ist die zumindest eine Trennlinie an einer strömungsführenden Vorderseite der zumindest einen Schaufel in Strömungsrichtung in den hinteren 70 % der Schaufellänge, bevorzugt in der hinteren Hälfte, weiter bevorzugt im hinteren Drittel der Schaufel gelegen, um einen ausreichenden Abstand von der in Strömungsrichtung gesehen vorderen Stirnkante der Schaufel sicherzustellen.More preferably, the at least one parting line on a flow leading front side of the at least one blade in the flow direction in the rear 70% of the blade length, preferably in the rear half, more preferably located in the rear third of the blade to a sufficient distance from the front seen in the flow direction Ensure front edge of the blade.

Besonders bevorzugt ist das Laufrad als ein Gussteil aus Metall ausgebildet. Die Formen bzw. Kerne für solche Gussteile werden üblicherweise unter Verwendung von Formsand ausgebildet. Daher besteht das Problem, dass einzelne Partikel aus der Form bzw. dem Kern herausbrechen können, insbesondere an den Schnittstellen, an denen die Kerne zusammengesetzt werden. Darüber hinaus besteht auch die Gefahr, dass einzelne Partikel sich in unzugänglichen Bereichen der Form bzw. des Kerns ansammeln. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung, bei welcher die Trennebene bzw. Teilungslinie für die Kerne in einem Bereich des Laufrades gelegt wird, in welchen Formabweichungen einen geringeren Einfluss auf die Strömungsführung haben, ist die Gefahr einer negativen Beeinflussung des zu gießenden Laufrades durch eventuell an den Trennlinien sich lösende Formpartikel und damit verbundene Geometrieabweichungen des gegossenen Laufrades weniger problematisch. Darüber hinaus kann durch die Teilung des Kernes erreicht werden, dass der Bereich, welcher die in Strömungsrichtung gesehen vordere Stirnkante der Schaufel bildet, frei einsehbar ist, sodass dieser Bereich besonders darauf kontrolliert werden kann, ob dort Verunreinigungen oder Beschädigungen der Formoberfläche gegeben sind. Gegebenenfalls können diese dann vor dem Gießen des Laufrades ausgebessert werden oder eben der Kern aussortiert und durch einen anderen Kern ersetzt werden.Particularly preferably, the impeller is designed as a casting of metal. The cores for such castings are usually formed using molding sand. Therefore, there is the problem that individual particles may break out of the mold or the core, especially at the interfaces where the cores are assembled. In addition, there is also the risk that individual particles accumulate in inaccessible areas of the mold or the core. The embodiment according to the invention, in which the parting line or division line for the cores is placed in a region of the impeller in which deviations in shape have less influence on the flow guidance, the danger of a negative influence on the impeller to be cast is possibly due to the parting lines Solvent mold particles and associated geometrical deviations of the cast wheel less problematic. In addition, can be achieved by the division of the core, that the area which forms the upstream front edge of the blade seen in the flow direction, is freely visible, so that this area can be particularly checked whether there is contamination or damage to the mold surface. If necessary, these can then be repaired before casting the impeller or just the core sorted out and replaced by another core.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist darüber eine Kernanordnung zur Ausbildung eines Laufrades gemäß der vorangehenden Beschreibung. Die Kernanordnung weist zumindest zwei Kernteile auf, wobei die Form für zumindest eine Schaufel des Laufrades in den Kernteilen derart ausgebildet ist, dass die Form für die in Strömungsrichtung vordere Stirnkante der Schaufel vollständig von allein einem der Kernteile gebildet ist. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass, wie oben bereits beschrieben, die Trennlinie bzw. Trennfuge zwischen den beiden Kernteilen nicht in dem in Strömungsrichtung gesehen vorderen Schaufelbereich gelegen ist, bei welchem es auch besonders auf die exakte Geometrie des Schaufelverlaufes ankommt. Insbesondere ist sichergestellt, dass die vordere Stirnkante, welche möglichst präzise und genau ausgebildet werden soll, nicht von einer Trennfuge bzw. -linie des Kernes gekreuzt oder tangiert wird. Auf diese Weise wird verhindert, dass in diesem Bereich Geometrieabweichungen oder unerwünschte Grate entstehen. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Form für die in Strömungsrichtung vordere Stirnkante der Schaufel in dem einen Kernteil derart ausgebildet, dass sie an dem Kernteil von außen einsehbar ist. Dies hat, wie bereits oben beschrieben, den Vorteil, dass dieser sehr wichtige Formbereich vor dem Gießen genau begutachtet und gegebenenfalls gereinigt oder ausgebessert werden kann, sodass das Gießen einer einwandfreien vorderen Schaufelkante ohne Formabweichungen, Verunreinigungen, unerwünschte Grate sichergestellt werden kann.The invention is also a core assembly for forming an impeller according to the foregoing description. The core assembly has at least two core parts, wherein the shape for at least one blade of the impeller in the core parts is formed such that the shape of the upstream front edge of the blade is completely formed by only one of the core parts. This ensures that, as already described above, the dividing line or parting line between the two core parts is not located in the front of the blade area seen in the flow direction at which also depends on the exact geometry of the blade course. In particular, it is ensured that the front end edge, which is to be formed as precisely and accurately as possible, is not crossed or tangent to a parting line or line of the core. In this way it prevents that in this area geometry deviations or unwanted burrs arise. Particularly preferably, the shape of the upstream end edge of the blade in the one core part is formed such that it is visible on the core part from the outside. This has, as already described above, the advantage that this very important mold area can be accurately inspected prior to casting and optionally cleaned or repaired, so that the casting of a perfect front blade edge can be ensured without deviations in form, impurities, unwanted burrs.

Weiter bevorzugt ist die Trennlinie oder sind die Trennlinien zwischen den zumindest zwei Kernteilen in einem Formabschnitt gelegen, welcher die Vorder- und/oder Rückseite zumindest einer Schaufel des Laufrades definiert. Die Vorder- und die Rückseite der Schaufel sind dabei die Seiten, welche einen Strömungskanal durch das Laufrad definieren bzw. begrenzen. Wenn die Trennlinien in diesen Bereichen gelegen sind, ist sichergestellt, dass die Trennlinie nicht den Bereich der Schaufelvorderkante, d. h. am Eintritt des Strömungskanals kreuzt oder tangiert.More preferably, the dividing line or the dividing lines between the at least two core parts are located in a mold section which defines the front and / or back of at least one blade of the impeller. The front and the back of the blade are the sides which define or limit a flow channel through the impeller. If the dividing lines are located in these areas, it is ensured that the dividing line does not cover the area of the leading edge of the blade, i. H. crossed or tangent at the entrance of the flow channel.

Weiter bevorzugt ist die Trennlinie an der Vorderseite der Schaufel weiter von der in Strömungsrichtung vorderen Stirnkante der Schaufel beabstandet als die Trennlinie an der Rückseite der Schaufel. Die Vorderseite der Schaufel ist die Seite der Schaufel, welche eine Strömungsumlenkung erreicht, d. h. die in Drehrichtung des Laufrades vorne gelegene Seite. Dies ist in der Regel insbesondere eine konkav gekrümmte Fläche, an welcher eine Strömung geführt bzw. umgelenkt wird. Dabei ist insbesondere der an die vordere Schaufelkante angrenzende Bereich für die Strömungsführung entscheidend. Dadurch, dass die Trennlinie zwischen den Kernteilen aus diesem an die vordere Stirnseite angrenzenden Bereich herausverlagert ist, wird sichergestellt, dass das zu gießende Laufrad in diesen für die Strömungsführung entscheidenden Bereich möglichst fehlerfrei ohne Grate oder Beschädigungen der Oberfläche gegossen werden kann.More preferably, the parting line at the front of the blade is spaced farther from the upstream front edge of the blade than the parting line at the rear of the blade. The front of the blade is the side of the blade which achieves a flow deflection, ie the forward side in the direction of rotation of the rotor. This is usually in particular a concave curved surface, on which a flow is guided or deflected. there In particular, the area adjacent to the front blade edge region for flow guidance is crucial. The fact that the dividing line between the core parts is displaced out of this region adjoining the front end side ensures that the impeller to be cast can be cast as accurately as possible without burrs or damage to the surface in this region which is decisive for the flow guidance.

Besonders bevorzugt ist die Trennlinie an der Vorderseite der Schaufel in der in Strömungsrichtung hinteren Hälfte vorzugsweise im hinteren Drittel der Schaufel gelegen. Auf diese Weise kann sichergestellt werden, dass ein möglichst langer Eintrittsbereich an der Vorderseite der Schaufel optimal in bester Oberflächenqualität gegossen werden kann, ohne dass die Trennfuge zwischen den Kernteilen die Qualität der Schaufeloberfläche z. B. durch Grate beeinträchtigt.Particularly preferably, the dividing line on the front side of the blade is located in the downstream direction, preferably in the rear third of the blade. In this way it can be ensured that the longest possible entry area at the front of the blade can be optimally cast in the best surface quality, without the parting line between the core parts, the quality of the blade surface z. B. affected by burrs.

Weiter bevorzugt ist der Kern als verlorener Kern ausgebildet. D. h. der Kern ist so ausgestaltet, dass er nach dem Gießen des Laufrades zerstört wird. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, Hinterschneidungen auszubilden, welche ein Herausziehen der Kerne verhindern. Der Kern wird dann durch Zerstörung entfernt. Das Erzeugen des Kernes bzw. der Kernteile erfolgt besonders bevorzugt durch Drucken oder Generieren, wobei der Kern schichtweise aus Formmaterial ausgebildet wird. Dabei können Kern oder Kernteile nahezu beliebiger Formen erzeugt werden.More preferably, the core is formed as a lost core. Ie. the core is designed so that it is destroyed after the casting of the impeller. In this way it is possible to form undercuts which prevent withdrawal of the cores. The core is then removed by destruction. The production of the core or the core parts is particularly preferably carried out by printing or generating, the core being formed in layers of molding material. Core or core parts of almost any shape can be produced here.

Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Gießen eines Laufrades einer Pumpe gemäß obiger Beschreibung. Bei diesem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird eine Gussform verwendet, welche eine Kernanordnung gemäß der vorangehenden Beschreibung aufweist. Dabei weist die Kernanordnung zumindest zwei getrennt geformte Kernteile auf, welche nach dem Formen zusammengesetzt werden, um einen größeren Formteil oder die vollständige Form auszubilden. Die Teilung des Kernes hat den Vorteil, dass die einzelnen Kernteile besser und präziser aufgebildet werden können und darüber hinaus die später die Laufradschaufeln bildenden Formräume bzw. Negativformen im Kern so gelegt werden können, dass sie von außen vollständig einsehbar sind, um Beschädigungen oder Ungenauigkeiten in der Form vor dem Gießen erkennen und gegebenenfalls ausbessern zu können. Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Figuren beschrieben. In diesen zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine Schnittansicht eines Laufrades für ein Pumpenaggregat gemäß der Erfindung,
Fig. 2
eine Draufsicht auf das Laufrad gemäß Fig. 1 und
Fig. 3
eine Kernanordnung zur Ausbildung des Laufrades gemäß Fig. 1 und 2.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for casting an impeller of a pump as described above. In this method according to the invention, a mold is used which has a core arrangement according to the preceding description. In this case, the core assembly has at least two separately shaped core parts, which are assembled after molding to form a larger molded part or the complete shape. The division of the core has the advantage that the individual core parts can be formed better and more precise and beyond the later forming the impeller blades molds or negative molds in the core can be placed so that they are fully visible from the outside, to damage or inaccuracies in the shape recognize and, if necessary, repair before casting. The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying figures. In these shows:
Fig. 1
a sectional view of an impeller for a pump unit according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a plan view of the impeller according to Fig. 1 and
Fig. 3
a core assembly for forming the impeller according to Fig. 1 and 2 ,

Das in Fig. 1 gezeigte Laufrad weist mehrere Schaufeln 4 auf, welche sich ausgehend vom Saugmund 6 des Laufrades gekrümmt zum Außenumfang 8 erstrecken. Auf diese Weise werden zwischen den Schaufeln 4 Strömungskanäle gebildet, welche sich bogenförmig radial nach außen erstrecken und zum Außenumfang 8 hin geöffnet sind. In Strömungsrichtung gesehen, weisen die Schaufeln 4 vordere Stirnkanten 10 auf, welche am Strömungseintritt dem Saugmund 6 zugewandt gelegen sind. Die Strömungsrichtung ist dabei die Richtung S, in welcher die Strömung zwischen den Schaufeln 4 bei Drehung des Laufrades 2 verläuft. Diese vorderen Stirnkanten 10 und die angrenzenden Oberflächen der Schaufeln 6 müssen um die gewünschten Fördereigenschaften des Laufrades, insbesondere Saugeigenschaften des Laufrades, sicherstellen zu können, besonders präzise ausgebildet sein und sollten nach Möglichkeit eine fehlerfreie Oberfläche aufweisen. Um dies zu erreichen wird das Laufrad als Gussteil, vorzugsweise aus Metall, unter Verwendung zweier Kernteile, welche in Fig. 3 gezeigt sind, ausgebildet.This in Fig. 1 shown impeller has a plurality of blades 4, which extend, starting from the suction mouth 6 of the impeller curved to the outer periphery 8. In this way, 4 flow channels are formed between the blades, which extend arcuately radially outward and are open to the outer periphery 8 out. As seen in the direction of flow, the blades 4 have front end edges 10, which are located at the inlet of the flow towards the suction mouth 6. The flow direction is the direction S, in which the flow between the blades 4 during rotation of the impeller 2 extends. These front end edges 10 and the adjacent surfaces of the blades 6 must be particularly precise in order to ensure the desired conveying properties of the impeller, in particular suction properties of the impeller and should, if possible, have an error-free surface. To this, too will reach the impeller as a casting, preferably made of metal, using two core parts, which in Fig. 3 are shown formed.

Der in Fig. 3 gezeigte Kern 12 bildet Teil einer Gussform zum Gießen des Laufrades 2 und ist aus zwei Kernteilen 14 und 16 gebildet. Dabei ist der Kern 12 so in die Kernteile 14 und 16 geteilt, dass die vorderen Stirnkanten 10 in ihrer Form vollständig von dem Kernteil 16 definiert werden. Dieses weist Formen bzw. Formbereiche 18 auf, welche die Negativform für die vorderen Stirnkanten 10 der Schaufeln 4 darstellen. Da diese Formbereiche 18, welche die vordere Stirnkante 10 ausformen, vollständig im Kernteil 16 gelegen sind, ist sichergestellt, dass die Trennfuge 20 zwischen den Kernteilen 14 und 16 eben nicht im Bereich dieser vorderen Stirnkante 10 der Schaufeln 4 verläuft, sodass die Trennfuge 20, welche am Gussstück Grate oder Oberflächenungenauigkeiten verursachen könnte, die vordere Stirnkanten 10 nicht kreuzt oder tangiert. Darüber hinaus sind die Formbereiche 18 so gelegen und angeordnet, dass sie an dem Kernteil 16 von außen vollständig einsehbar sind. Dies ermöglicht es, die Formen bzw. Formbereiche 18, welche die vordere Stirnkante 10 der Schaufeln 4 definieren, vor dem Zusammensetzten der Kernteile 14 und 16 zu inspizieren, um eventuelle Fehler in der Form vor dem Gießen feststellen zu können und dann entweder das Formteil 16 ersetzten zu können oder aber die Form entsprechend nachbearbeiten zu können.The in Fig. 3 shown core 12 forms part of a mold for casting the impeller 2 and is formed of two core parts 14 and 16. In this case, the core 12 is divided into the core parts 14 and 16 such that the front end edges 10 are completely defined in their shape by the core part 16. This has molds or form regions 18, which represent the negative mold for the front end edges 10 of the blades 4. Since these mold regions 18, which form the front end edge 10, are located completely in the core part 16, it is ensured that the parting line 20 between the core parts 14 and 16 does not extend in the region of this front end edge 10 of the blades 4, so that the parting line 20, which could cause burrs or surface inaccuracies on the casting, the front end edges 10 does not cross or tangent. In addition, the molding areas 18 are located and arranged so that they are completely visible on the core part 16 from the outside. This makes it possible to inspect the molds 18 defining the front end edge 10 of the blades 4 prior to assembling the core parts 14 and 16 to detect any defects in the mold prior to casting and then either the mold part 16 to be able to replace or to edit the form accordingly.

Darüber hinaus sind die Trennfugen 20, an welchen die Kernteile 14 und 16 zusammengesetzt werden und aneinander zu liegen kommen, so gelegen, dass die Trennlinien an der Schaufelvorderseite 22 und der Schaufelrückseite 24 unterschiedlich weit von der Vorderkante 10 der Schaufel beabstandet sind. Dies ist in Fig. 2 schematisch dargestellt. Die Schaufelvorderseite 22 ist dabei die in Drehrichtung D vorne gelegene Seite des Laufrades. In Fig. 2 ist der Trennfugenverlauf bzw. die Trennlinie 26 an der Schaufelvorderseite 22 schematisch als durchgezogene Linie darstellt und der Trennfugenverlauf bzw. die Trennlinie 28 an der Schaufelrückseite 24 schematisch als gestrichelte Linie dargestellt. Dabei ist zu erkennen, dass die Trennlinie 26 an der Schaufelvorderseite in Strömungsrichtung um ein Maß I beabstandet ist, während die Trennlinie 28 an der Schaufelrückseite um ein Maß s in Strömungsrichtung S von der vorderen Stirnkante 10 der Schaufel beabstandet ist. Dabei ist der Abstand I größer als der Abstand s. Die Schaufelvorderseite 22 stellt die strömungsführende Seite der Schaufeln 4 dar. Insofern ist die Ausgestaltung der Oberfläche der vorderen Schaufelseite 22, insbesondere in dem an die vordere Stirnkaten 10 angrenzenden Bereich von entscheidender Bedeutung, um eine optimale Strömungsführung im Laufrad zu erreichen. Daher ist es hier vorgesehen, die Trennlinie 26 in diesen Bereich um das Maß I weiter von der vorderen Stirnkante 10 zu beabstanden. Die Schaufelrückseite 24 hat weniger strömungsführende Funktionen. Daher kann in diesem Bereich die Trennlinie 28 näher angrenzend an die vordere Stirnkante 10 verlaufen, da möglicherweise geringfügige Beeinträchtigungen der Oberflächenqualität in diesem Bereich der Schaufelrückseite weniger problematisch sind.In addition, the parting lines 20, at which the core parts 14 and 16 are assembled and come to rest, are located so that the parting lines on the blade front 22 and the blade back 24 are spaced differently from the leading edge 10 of the blade. This is in Fig. 2 shown schematically. The blade front side 22 is the front in the direction of rotation D side of the impeller. In Fig. 2 is the separation line course or the dividing line 26 on the blade front 22 schematically as a solid line represents and the parting line course or the dividing line 28 on the blade rear side 24 shown schematically as a dashed line. It can be seen that the parting line 26 is spaced on the blade front side in the flow direction by a dimension I, while the parting line 28 is spaced at the blade rear side by a dimension s in the flow direction S of the front end edge 10 of the blade. The distance I is greater than the distance s. The blade front side 22 represents the flow-guiding side of the blades 4. In this respect, the design of the surface of the front blade side 22, in particular in the region adjacent to the front Stirnkaten 10 is of crucial importance to achieve optimum flow guidance in the impeller. Therefore, it is provided here, the separation line 26 in this area by the dimension I further from the front end edge 10 to space. The blade rear 24 has less flow functions. Therefore, in this area, the dividing line 28 may be closer to the front end edge 10, since possibly minor deterioration of the surface quality in this area of the blade rear side is less problematic.

BezugzeichenlistenReference numeral lists

2 -2 -
LaufradWheel
4 -4 -
Schaufelnshovel
6 -6 -
Saugmundsaugmund
8 -8th -
Außenumfangouter periphery
10 -10 -
vordere Stirnkantenfront end edges
12 -12 -
Kerncore
14, 16 -14, 16 -
Kernteilecore parts
18 -18 -
Formbereicheform areas
20 -20 -
Trennfugenjoints
22 -22 -
SchaufelvorderseiteScoop front
24 -24 -
SchaufelrückseiteScoop back
26, 28 -26, 28 -
TrennfugenverlaufJoints course
I, s -I, s -
Abstanddistance
S -S -
Strömungsrichtungflow direction
D -D -
Drehrichtungdirection of rotation

Claims (11)

Laufrad (2) für eine Pumpe, welches zumindest eine Schaufel (4) aufweist und als Gussteil ausgebildet ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Laufrad (2) beim Guss mittels zumindest zweier Kernteile (14, 16) geformt wurde, wobei die Trennlinien (26, 28) zwischen den beiden Kernteilen (14, 16) von einer in Strömungsrichtung (S) vorderen Stirnkante (10) der zumindest einen Schaufel beabstandet sind.Impeller (2) for a pump, which has at least one blade (4) and is designed as a casting,
characterized in that
the impeller (2) during casting by means of at least two core parts (14, 16) has been formed, wherein the dividing lines (26, 28) between the two core parts (14, 16) of a front in the flow direction (S) end edge (10) of at least a blade are spaced. Laufrad nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Trennlinie (26) an einer strömungsführenden Vorderseite (22) der zumindest einen Schaufel (4) von der vorderen Stirnkante (10) weiter beabstandet ist als eine Trennlinie (28) an der Rückseite (24) der Schaufel (4).An impeller according to claim 1, characterized in that a parting line (26) at a flow leading front side (22) of the at least one blade (4) from the front end edge (10) is further spaced than a parting line (28) on the back (24). the blade (4). Laufrad nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Trennlinie (26) an einer strömungsführenden Vorderseite (22) der zumindest einen Schaufel (4) in der in Strömungsrichtung (S) hinteren Hälfte, vorzugsweise im hinteren Drittel der Schaufel (4) gelegen ist.Impeller according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a dividing line (26) on a flow leading front side (22) of the at least one blade (4) in the downstream direction in the flow direction (S), preferably located in the rear third of the blade (4) is. Laufrad nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Laufrad (2) ein Gussteil aus Metall ist.Impeller according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impeller (2) is a cast part made of metal. Kernanordnung zum Gießen eines Laufrades einer Pumpe gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kernanordnung zumindest zwei Kernteile (14, 16) aufweist, wobei die Form für zumindest eine Schaufel (4) des Laufrades in den Kernteilen (14, 16) derart ausgebildet ist, dass die Form (18) für die in Strömungsrichtung (S) vordere Stirnkante (10) der Schaufel (4) vollständig von allein einem der Kernteile (16) gebildet ist.Core arrangement for casting an impeller of a pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core arrangement has at least two core parts (14, 16), wherein the shape for at least one blade (4) of the impeller in the core parts (14, 16) is designed such that the mold (18) for the front end edge (10) of the blade (4) in the flow direction (S) is completely formed by only one of the core parts (16). Kernanordnung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Form (18) für die in Strömungsrichtung (S) vordere Stirnkante (10) der Schaufel (4) in dem Kernteil (16) derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie an dem Kernteil (16) von außen einsehbar ist.A core arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the shape (18) for the upstream end edge (10) of the blade (4) in the flow direction (S) is formed in the core part (16) such that it rests against the core part (16) of FIG Outside is visible. Kernanordnung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennlinien (26, 28) zwischen den zumindest zwei Kernteilen (14, 16) in einem Formabschnitt gelegen sind, welcher die Vorder- (22) und/oder Rückseite (24) zumindest einer Schaufel (4) des Laufrades (2) definiert.Core assembly according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the parting lines (26, 28) between the at least two core parts (14, 16) are located in a mold portion which the front (22) and / or back (24) at least one Blade (4) of the impeller (2) defined. Kernanordnung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennlinie (26) an der Vorderseite (22) der Schaufel (4) weiter von der in Strömungsrichtung (S) vorderen Stirnkante (10) beabstandet ist als die Trennlinie (28) an der Rückseite (24) der Schaufel (4).Core arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that the dividing line (26) on the front side (22) of the blade (4) is further spaced from the upstream in the flow direction (S) end edge (10) than the parting line (28) on the back ( 24) of the blade (4). Kernanordnung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennlinie (26) an der Vorderseite (22) der Schaufel (4) in der in Strömungsrichtung (S) hinteren Hälfte, vorzugsweise im hinteren Drittel der Schaufel (4) gelegen ist.Core assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that the dividing line (26) on the front side (22) of the blade (4) in the flow direction (S) rear half, preferably located in the rear third of the blade (4). Kernanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest eines der Kernteile (14, 16) als verlorener Kern ausgebildet ist.Core arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that at least one of the core parts (14, 16) is formed as a lost core. Verfahren zum Gießen eines Laufrades einer Pumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei welchem eine Gussform verwendet wird, welche eine Kernanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10 aufweist, für welche zumindest zwei getrennt geformte Kernteile (14, 16) nach dem Formen zusammengesetzt werden.A method of casting an impeller of a pump according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a mold is used comprising a core assembly according to any one of claims 5 to 10, for which at least two separately shaped core parts (14, 16) are assembled after molding become.
EP10016065.4A 2010-12-23 2010-12-23 Rotor for a pump and core assembly and method for casting a wheel of a pump Active EP2469099B1 (en)

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US13/332,549 US9422941B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2011-12-21 Impeller for a pump and core arrangement and method for casting an impeller for a pump
CN201110458265.2A CN102562649B (en) 2010-12-23 2011-12-23 For the impeller of pump and for the casting core apparatus of casting pump impeller and method

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CN105598384A (en) * 2016-01-29 2016-05-25 刘士超 Precoated sand casting method for submerged pump impeller
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US9422941B2 (en) 2016-08-23
EP2469099B1 (en) 2017-08-02
US20120163980A1 (en) 2012-06-28
CN102562649B (en) 2016-01-20
CN102562649A (en) 2012-07-11

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