Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B4/00—Fireworks, i.e. pyrotechnic devices for amusement, display, illumination or signal purposes
  • F42B4/26—Flares; Torches
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B27/00—Compositions containing a metal, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium or mixtures, intercompounds or hydrides thereof, and hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
  • C06B45/02—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising particles of diverse size or shape
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
  • C06C15/00—Pyrophoric compositions; Flints
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
  • F41J2/00—Reflecting targets, e.g. radar-reflector targets; Active targets transmitting electromagnetic or acoustic waves
  • F41J2/02—Active targets transmitting infrared radiation

Definitions

• the invention relates to a pyrotechnic sham target effective mass for infrared light targets with room effect.
• the pyrotechnic decoy target bodies are decoy targets.
• the pyrotechnic composition contains either a stoichiometric excess of the oxidizable metal over the oxidizing agent and / or a first metal as the oxidizable metal and an oxide of a second metal as the oxidizing agent which is reduced to the metal by the combustion reaction such that hot, infrared radiation is emitted after the combustion reaction Metal remains.
• the container In use, the container is placed in the air and the decoy targets are ignited by the ignition device. Then, the container is torn open, for example by building pressure in the container, to disperse the fake target plates to form a cloud of IR radiation sources.
• the cloud generates strong IR radiation. After combustion of the fake target plates existing metal is hot due to the heat generated during combustion and therefore emits in the IR range and has only negligible visible or UV radiation. The deception is therefore effective beyond the duration of the combustion of the dummy targets, and a bait cloud of relatively long duration can be generated.
• the light device is thus suitable as an infrared decoy for the protection of stationary or slowly moving potential targets, such as tanks, but not for the purpose of simulating a fast-moving aircraft.
• a flare composition for fake target generation having a fire mass component and an inert component is known.
• the weight ratio of Brandmassenkomponente and inert component is set so that the maximum of the spectral radiance of the Flaremasse in adaptation to the spectral radiance distribution of the target signature to be simulated compared to the spectral radiance distribution of the fire mass component is shifted to longer wavelengths alone.
• the pyrotechnic fire mass may be red phosphorus with an ignition temperature of about 400 ° Celsius.
• the inert, the heat conduction or heat dissipation serving additive, a binder and a carrier material are chosen so that they provide for lowering the temperature of the decoy, whereby the spectral radiance of the decoy is shifted to higher wavelengths in the infrared range.
• the Flaremasse can protect only objects with relatively low surface temperature, such as ships, drilling platforms and tanks. Fast-flying aircraft can not be imitated by such a decoy and thus not protected, since the radiation power is too low for this decoy type.
• US-A-4/61366 discloses a pyrotechnic deceit flare to be launched from an aircraft for deflecting projectiles projecting from the aircraft from its gas outlet with at least one tablet contained in an airtight rupturable container.
• the tablet has a compact pressed, substantially bubble-free area of separate pieces of an infrared radiation-emitting pyrotechnic composition, which consists of a Gas-releasing infrared light emitting pyrotechnic composition consist.
• the pyrotechnic composition may comprise an oxidizing halogenated polymer and an oxidizable metal material which may exothermically react with each other after ignition to emit infrared radiation and activated carbon fibers impregnated with a metal salt.
• the container is designed in such a way that it tears under a given internal pressure resulting from the combustion of the pyrotechnic composition and releases the individual pieces shortly after essentially all parts have been ignited.
• the tablet Upon firing of the pyrotechnic deceit flare and ignition of the pyrotechnic composition, the tablet bursts and forms a cloud of pieces of the burning pyrotechnic composition that is rapidly decelerated and burns with high infrared intensity for a short time.
• Such a deceptive torch is incapable of simulating a new-generation seeker of a fast-flying aircraft because the infrared source has a non-realistic trajectory due to the rapid deceleration in the air.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a pyrotechnic decoy target for infrared targets which can simulate a fast-flying aircraft to an image-resolving infrared seeker.
• a pyrotechnic decoy target effective mass for infrared light targets comprises first particles comprising a first fuel, second particles comprising the first or a second fuel, a first fuel oxidizer, and a binder.
• the first fuel is a metal.
• the second fuel may be a metal.
• the second particles may consist exclusively of the second fuel.
• the first fuel and the oxidizer may react with one another after ignition in an exothermic reaction to release infrared radiation, the second particles being ignited by the reaction and released from the fake target active.
• the first particles may be smaller than the second particles, ie have a smaller volume than the second particles.
• the first particles can also be arranged in some other way, for example by the ratio of their surface area to their mass, in such a way that they ignite after ignition
• the fake target active in air burns faster than the second particles.
• the second particles are designed to burn in the air for at least 10 ms.
• the two types of particles make it possible for the first particles to react quickly with the oxidant and burn off within a primary flame.
• the primary flame when used as a decoy, is a point target.
• the second particles are ignited in the primary flame, but do not burn off within the primary flame. Hot, burning second particles are expelled from the flame and continue to burn in the air without substantially reacting with the oxidant.
• the oxidant is thus almost completely available for the oxidation of the first fuel.
• Another advantage of the different size of the first and second particles is that the larger second particles significantly increase the mechanical stability of the fictitious target since they act as mechanical crosslinkers, much like bricks in concrete.
• the infrared radiation of an exhaust gas flag of a fast-moving aircraft can be emulated very well.
• the burning first particles form a punctiform primary flame, while the second particles liberated during combustion occupy a large space corresponding to the lobe of a jet aircraft without quickly lose intensity.
• a second particle burning in the air for 10 ms flies 2 m at a speed of 200 m / s.
• a space-engaging tail is formed which is very similar to the tailpipe of a fast-flying aircraft.
• the IR radiation of the second particles which still move rapidly during the burnup, is not shielded from emerging smoke, in contrast to the IR radiation of particles which are strongly decelerated in the air, so that a far-reaching intense infrared radiation is released.
• Modern seekers are designed to detect exhaust plumes with an infrared detector. An elongated moving infrared source with a forward-flying spotlight is identified as an aircraft, while a point-source infrared source is identified as a fake target.
• the second particles are such that they burn in the air for at least 100 ms. This results in a speed of 200 m / s a 20 m long tail with space effect.
• the nature of the second particles and in particular their size is preferably selected as a function of the exhaust plume to be imitated. It has proved to be favorable if the second particles are such that they burn in the air for at most 1 s, in particular at most 500 ms, in particular at most 200 ms.
• the second particles with simultaneous ignition with the first particles in the dummy target active substance, burn at least ten times, in particular at least a hundred times, in particular at least a thousand times, longer than the first particles.
• the first fuel may be aluminum, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, calcium, lithium, niobium, tungsten, manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, tin, lead, bismuth, an alloy or mixture of at least two of these Metals, a zirconium-nickel alloy or mixture, an aluminum-magnesium alloy or mixture, a lithium-aluminum alloy or mixture, a calcium-aluminum alloy or mixture, an iron-titanium alloy or Mixture or a zirconium-titanium alloy or mixture.
• the second fuel consists of at least one metal.
• these may be aluminum, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, calcium, lithium, niobium, tungsten, manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, tin, lead, bismuth, an alloy or mixture of at least two of these metals, a zirconium-nickel alloy or mixture, an aluminum-magnesium alloy or mixture, a lithium-aluminum alloy or mixture, a calcium-aluminum alloy or mixture, an iron-titanium alloy or mixture, a zirconium-titanium alloy or mixture, boron, elemental carbon, expanded graphite, hard coal, a lithium-silicon alloy, charcoal, lignite, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, sawdust, wood or plastic.
• a metal or a metal alloy has proven to be particularly favorable for mimicking an exhaust plume of an aircraft as a second fuel in view of the Abbrandeigenschaften and the flight characteristics of the second particles after release
• the second particles have a thermal conductivity of at least 20 W / (m ⁇ K).
• the second particles can accelerate the burnup of the dummy target effective mass by introducing heat from the primary flame resulting from the burnup of the first particles during the burnup into the not yet burned dummy target active mass. This is particularly effective when the second particles are in the form of strips, pieces of wire or chips.
• the thermal conductivity of the second particle exceeds the thermal conductivity of the remaining apparent active material by at least a factor of 10, in particular at least a factor of 100, in particular at least by a factor of 1000.
• the good thermal conductivity of the second particle is not only the burn of the apparent target effective mass also improves their ignitability, because a small inflamed area is sufficient to dissipate the heat very quickly in the entire fake target effective mass and there to cause an ignition.
• the second particles are preferably porous, at least on their surface. This improves their ignitability.
• a solid carbon fluoride in particular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a solid fluorohydrocarbon or another oxidizing agent, which forms carbon black in the reaction with the second fuel, may be contained in the pores of such second particles.
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• a solid fluorohydrocarbon or another oxidizing agent which forms carbon black in the reaction with the second fuel
• the second particles have an average diameter of 0.5 to 3 mm, in particular 1 to 1.5 mm.
• the first particles preferably have an average diameter of 30 to 70 .mu.m, in particular 40 to 60 .mu.m.
• a fluoroelastomer in particular a fluororubber such as "Viton” from the company “DuPont Performance Elastomers”
• the oxidizing agent is preferably a halogen-containing polymer, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). It has proved to be favorable for achieving a rapid and complete combustion of the first particles when the quantitative ratio of the in the fake target effective mass contained stoichiometric to the oxidant contained therein or deviates from a stoichiometric ratio by a maximum of a factor of 0.5.
• a stoichiometric ratio is a ratio in which the oxidizing agent and the first fuel in a reaction theoretically completely react with each other so that neither a residue of the oxidizing agent nor a remainder of the first fuel remains.
• a burn-off catalyst in particular copper tellocyanine, is contained in the decoy target active composition according to the invention for accelerating the burnup.
• the first fuel which forms the first particles was in each case magnesium or a mixture of aluminum and magnesium, in each case obtained from Ecka Granulate GmbH & Co. KG, Marieth, Germany.
• the average grain size of the magnesium particles was about 50 microns and the average grain size of the aluminum particles ⁇ 10 microns.
• the copper isocyanate serves as burnup catalyst and guanidinazotetrazolate (GZT) to increase the primary flame.
• the titanium powder was purchased from Tropag Oscar H. Knight Nachf. GmbH, Hamburg, Germany and lignite from Rheinbraun Brennstoff GmbH, Germany. The tablets were burned off and their radiant power was determined with a radiometer.
• Performance was determined in relation to the performance of MTV tablets (Magnesium Teflon-Viton) as standard.
• the energy was expressed in Joules / (g / sr) in the A band, i. H. at a wavelength of about 1.8 to 2.6 microns, and in the B-band, d. H. at a wavelength of about 3.5 to about 4.6 microns in the field trial, d. H. without wind, measured.
• the A-band and B-band are the wavelengths detected by conventional seekers.
• Active compound according to the prior art material Type weight magnesium LNR 61 60.0 Teflon powder Hoechst TF 9202 23.0 Viton 3M Fluorel FC-2175 12.0 graphite powder Merck 5.0
• This active compound is the standard MTV (magnesium Teflon-Viton).
• MTV is a black body active mass, which does not develop any spatial effect when burned. Spatial effect is generally understood to mean that a part of the dummy target active substance emits IR radiation outside of a resulting flame after it has been ignited.
• This fictitious target material is a black body active material based on graphite fluoride.
• the reaction had an extremely large spatial effect through the coarse-grained titanium sponge.
• the active mass showed a power equivalent to 200% of the power of MTV (at the same speed) and a tail about 100 m long.
• This fictitious target material is a black body active material based on graphite fluoride.
• the reaction had a spatial effect through the coarse-grained titanium sponge.
• This fictitious target material is a black body active material based on graphite fluoride.
• the reaction had a spatial effect through the medium-grained titanium sponge.
• This fictitious target material is a black body active material based on graphite fluoride.
• the reaction had a spatial effect through the fine-grained titanium sponge.
• This fictitious target material is a black body active material based on graphite fluoride.
• the reaction had a spatial effect through coarse-grained spherical titanium. Under dynamic conditions with a wind speed of 150 m / s a tail of about 20 m can be created.
• This fictitious target material is a black body active material based on graphite fluoride.
• the reaction had a spatial effect through fine-grained spherical titanium. Under dynamic conditions with a wind speed of 150 m / s, a tail several meters long can be created.
• This fictitious target material is a black body active material based on graphite fluoride.
• the reaction had no room effect.
• This effective mass does not correspond to the invention.
• the titanium powder here had a mean particle size of about 15 microns. It burns too fast to develop a spatial effect.
• This fictitious target material is a black body active material based on graphite fluoride.
• the reaction had a spatial effect by coarse-grained hard coal granules.
• the hard coal did not react completely when burning off the active material.
• This fictitious target material is a black body active material based on graphite fluoride.
• the reaction had a spatial effect through fine-grained hard coal granules.
• the hard coal has reacted in the combustion of the active material with a higher degree of conversion than the coarse-grained hard coal granules in Example 8.
• This fictitious target material is a black body active material based on graphite fluoride.
• the reaction had a spatial effect by brown coal granules.
• This fictitious target active mass is a black body active mass.
• the reaction had a spatial effect by hard coal granules.
• This fictitious target active mass is a black body active mass.
• the reaction had a spatial effect by brown coal granules.
• This fictitious target active mass is a black body active mass.
• the reaction had a spatial effect by hard coal granules and GZT as a flame broadening agent.
• This fictitious target active mass is a black body active mass.
• the reaction had a spatial effect by lignite and GZT as a flame broadening agent.
• This fictitious target material is a black body active material based on graphite fluoride.
• the reaction had a spatial effect through middle grained zirconium. Zirconium also caused an increase in the reaction temperature.
• E a denotes the energy measured in the A band and "Eb" the energy measured in the B band.
• effective mass E a / (J / (g sr)) E b / (J / (g sr)) (E a + E b ) / (J / (g sr)) E b / E a % MTV MTV 166 82 248 0496 100 example 1 174 84 258 0484 104 Example 2 178 93 272 0523 110 Example 3 188 92 279 0487 113 Example 4 182 91 273 0499 110 Example 5 312 157 469 0506 189 Example 6 313 156 469 0500 189 Example 7 202 96 299 0476 121 Example 8 196 107 303 0546 122 Example 9 315 177 492 0562 198 Example 10 190 100 290 0531 117 Example 11 192 117 310 0612 125 Example 10 190 100 290 0531

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  • 2010-12-08 DE DE102010053694A patent/DE102010053694A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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