Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
  • C02F3/2866—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors
  • C02F3/2873—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors with internal draft tube circulation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
  • B01D21/0012—Settling tanks making use of filters, e.g. by floating layers of particulate material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
  • B01D21/0039—Settling tanks provided with contact surfaces, e.g. baffles, particles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
  • B01D21/0039—Settling tanks provided with contact surfaces, e.g. baffles, particles
  • B01D21/0045—Plurality of essentially parallel plates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
  • B01D21/0039—Settling tanks provided with contact surfaces, e.g. baffles, particles
  • B01D21/0057—Settling tanks provided with contact surfaces, e.g. baffles, particles with counter-current flow direction of liquid and solid particles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
  • B01D21/009—Heating or cooling mechanisms specially adapted for settling tanks
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
  • B01D21/24—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
  • B01D21/2444—Discharge mechanisms for the classified liquid
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
  • B01D21/24—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
  • B01D21/245—Discharge mechanisms for the sediments
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
  • B01D21/24—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
  • B01D21/2494—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks provided with means for the removal of gas, e.g. noxious gas, air
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
  • C02F3/2846—Anaerobic digestion processes using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket [UASB] reactors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/26—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof
  • C02F2103/28—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof from the paper or cellulose industry

Definitions

• the invention relates to a reactor for the anaerobic purification of wastewater, in particular of waste water from Pandaind ustrie umacid a reactor vessel with at least one inlet for supplying wastewater to be cleaned in the reactor, at least one outlet for discharging purified water, at least one sediment and at least two multi-phase separators arranged one above the other.
• a reactor vessel with at least one inlet for supplying wastewater to be cleaned in the reactor, at least one outlet for discharging purified water, at least one sediment and at least two multi-phase separators arranged one above the other.
• the wastewater to be treated with aerobic or anaerobic microorganisms is contacted, which contains the organic impurities contained in the wastewater in the case of aerobic microorganisms predominantly to carbon dioxide, biomass and water and in the case of anaerobic microorganisms mainly to carbon dioxide and methane and only reduce a small part to biomass.
• the reactors for anaerobic wastewater treatment are subdivided into contact sludge reactors, UASB reactors, EGSB reactors, fixed bed reactors and fluidized bed reactors. While the microorganisms in fixed bed reactors adhere to stationary carrier materials and the microorganisms in fluidized bed reactors adhere to freely movable, small carrier material, the microorganisms in the UASB and EGSB bacteria Reactors used in the form of so-called pellets. Unlike UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactors, expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors are higher and have a much smaller footprint at the same volume.
• UASB upflow anaerobic sludge blanket
• EGSB expanded granular sludge bed
• the wastewater or a mixture of wastewater to be purified and already purified wastewater from the outlet of the anaerobic reactor is fed to the reactor via an inlet in the lower reactor region and passed through a sludge bed containing microorganism pellets located above the feed.
• microorganisms in particular methane and carbon dioxide-containing gas (which is also referred to as biogas), which partially accumulates in the form of small bubbles on the microorganism pellets and partly in the form of free gas bubbles in the reactor upwards increases. Due to the accumulated gas bubbles, the specific gravity of the pellets decreases, causing the pellets to rise in the reactor.
• separators are usually arranged in the middle and / or upper part of the reactor, under the ridge of which biogas accumulates, which forms a gas cushion, including a flotation layer of microorganism pellets and wastewater is located.
• Purified water freed of gas and microorganism pellets rises in the reactor and is withdrawn via overflows at the top of the reactor.
• Such processes and corresponding reactors are described, for example, in EP 0 170 332 A and in EP 1 071 636 B.
• the upper three-phase separator usually also forms the roof of the reactors.
• the object of the invention is to improve the performance of the reactor with the least possible effort.
• the object has been achieved by the fact that, for the time being, two multiphase separation devices are designed differently.
• the design of the multi-phase separators can be better adapted to the conditions at the installation site in the reactor vessel and the specific tasks that are associated with it.
• the lower multi-phase separator which closes the high-load zone in the lower reactor region, preferably has the task of separating most of the resulting biogas. Here it must be ensured that the occurring gas quantities are captured and the gas / sludge / water mixture is safely led into the internal circulation circuit.
• the internal recirculation circuit consists of a mammoth pump that delivers to the gas separator on the reactor head. The separated gas / water mixture passes from there via a downpipe back into the area under the lower multiphase separator.
• the primary purpose of the upper multiphase separator is to ensure that no granulated biomass is discharged with the clear water. She is not on - A - connected to the internal recirculation circuit. Secluded Grainy
• Biomass is therefore i.A. returned to the process exclusively by sedimentation. If the space above the suspension is made gas-tight, a separate collection of gas is not required because the gas enters this Gassammeiraum independently.
• Polyphase separation device preferably the upper, in particular the top covers only part of the reactor cross-section, which reduces the cost of manufacturing.
• At least one lower, preferably the lowest multi-phase separator should be designed as a three-phase separator, which has a system of gas hoods and preferably also guide elements.
• This three-phase separator is to capture the ascending gas as large as possible free hydraulic passage surfaces and direct it into gas collection facilities, from which it can be removed.
• the guide elements should advantageously be arranged below the spaces between adjacent gas hoods.
• at least one upper, preferably the uppermost, multi-phase separation device is designed merely as a two-phase separation device which provides the largest possible clarification area.
• this two-phase separation device consists exclusively or at least substantially of guide elements.
• these guide elements are preferably formed by lamellae of a lamella separator.
• the slat separator should be designed with a very low height.
• the lamella separator can be designed in the form of plates or in the form of plug-in polygonal elements. According to the requirements and circumstances, it may be advantageous or necessary that the guide elements are distributed over the entire cross section of the reactor vessel or distributed only over a, preferably central, partial cross section of the reactor vessel. If the lamellar separator is smaller than the reactor cross-section, it should be designed in such a way that optimal separation of the biomass takes place under the respective hydraulic conditions. In this case must be replaced by appropriate
• a gas-tight Gassammeiraum which is connected to a gas discharge line, so that rising biogas is safely collected in the gas system.
• At least one drain should be provided above the uppermost multi-phase separator to discharge the purified water.
• the anaerobic reactor can usually be driven at higher ascent rates than conventional reactors.
• Polyphase separators are designed so that sinking granular
• At least one outflow in the upper part of the reactor vessel is part of the upper, preferably the uppermost, multiphase separation device.
• the screen can be provided with cleaning devices which simultaneously generate necessary pulses to shear the gas from the granulated biomass.
• the drive energy could be generated for this purpose by the available geodetics.
• An alternative to this is the separation of biomass and water and the separation in a light centrifugal field. However, the shear forces occurring in this case may not be so high that they damage the biosludge.
• Biomass would be deposited with the heavy fraction and could be fed back into the process.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a reactor
• FIGS. 2 to 4 various lower multiphase separation devices 5 and
• FIGS. 5 to 8 different upper multiphase separation devices 6.
• the bioreactor shown in Figure 1 comprises a reactor vessel which is cylindrical in its middle and upper part and tapers in its lower part downwardly conically.
• separators 5, 6 can each have a plurality of gas hoods 7 or even multiple layers of gas hoods 7.
• Above the upper multiphase separation device 6 are processes 3 each in the form of an overflow, over which the purified water is withdrawn from the reactor.
• a gas separation device 17 On the reactor, a gas separation device 17 is arranged, which is connected via the lines 18 with the two multi-phase separation devices 5.6. In addition, from the bottom of the gas separation device 17, a sinking line 19 leads into the lower part of the reactor vessel.
• a sediment vent 4, 4 solids or a suspension of solid and liquid can be withdrawn from the reactor vessel via the sediment and 2 through the supply line liquid for rinsing the lower reactor vessel part can be introduced.
• the Zulaufverteilsystem is formed by a plurality of inlets 2, which are arranged uniformly at the bottom of the reactor vessel, here the inner wall of the funnel and lead the wastewater to be purified 1 in the reactor vessel.
• a high number of controllable feed lines 2 makes it possible to adjust the distribution of the supplied waste water 1 at the bottom of the reactor vessel.
• the introduced waste water 1 flows slowly from the feeds 2 in the reactor vessel upwards until it is contained in the microorganism-containing sludge pellets
• Fermentation zone 19 passes.
• the microorganisms contained in the pellets decompose the organic impurities contained in the waste water 1 mainly to methane and carbon dioxide gas.
• the generated gases produce gas bubbles, the larger of which detach from the pellets and bubble in the form of gas bubbles through the medium, whereas small gas bubbles adhere to the sludge pellets.
• the free gas bubbles catch in the gas hoods 7 and form under the ridge of the gas hoods 7 a gas cushion.
• a flotation layer consisting of microorganism pellets with small gas bubbles adhering thereto.
• the gas collected in the gas hoods 7 as well as pellets and water from the flotation layer are removed, for example via an existing in the front of the gas hoods 7, not shown opening from the gas hoods 7, optionally mixed together via a mixing chamber, also not shown, and via the line 18 in the gas separator 17 out.
• the water, the rising microorganism pellets, and the gas bubbles that have not already been separated in the lower multiphase separator 5 continue to rise in the reactor vessel up to the upper multiphase separator 6.
• the last small gas bubbles dissolve from the microorganism pellets that have passed into the upper multi-phase separator 6, so that the specific gravity of the pellets increases again and the pellets fall down.
• the remaining gas bubbles are collected in the possibly existing gas hoods 7 of the upper multi-phase separator 6 and again at the end faces the individual gas hoods 7 transferred into a gas manifold, from which the gas is passed via the line 18 into the gas separation device 17.
• the gas can be collected in a gas-tight gas collection unit 15 in the upper part of the reactor vessel, which is connected to a gas discharge line.
• the now purified water continues to rise from the upper multiphase separator 6 up until it is withdrawn via the overflows from the reactor vessel and discharged through a drain line 3.
• the gas separation device 17 the gas separates from the remaining water and the microorganism pellets, wherein the suspension of pellets and the wastewater is recirculated via the sink 19 into the reactor vessel.
• the outlet opening of the sinking line 19 opens into the lower part of the reactor vessel, where the recycled suspension of pellets and waste water with the, the reactor via the feeds 2 supplied wastewater 1 is mixed, after which the cycle begins again.
• wastewater contains more or less solids.
• Wastewater from the paper industry for example, contains significant concentrations of solid fillers and lime.
• the accumulating at the top of the reactor vessel sediment can be withdrawn continuously or batchwise from the reactor as needed.
• the multiphase separation devices 5, 6 are specially adapted to their tasks. In essence, this means that the bottom multi-phase separator is primarily optimized for gas capture and the top ensures that residual granular sludge can be safely separated from the clear water with them. Therefore, the lower polyphase separator 5 is designed as a three-phase separator and the upper 6 only as a two-phase separator.
• FIGS. 2 and 3 a plurality of layers of gas hoods 7 arranged one above the other are intended to collect and remove as much gas as possible.
• the gas hoods 7 of the superimposed layers are essentially also positioned one above the other. Here are located below and between the gas hoods 7 horizontally and obliquely extending guide elements 8, which should direct the gas bubbles to the overlying gas hoods 7.
• the gas hoods 7 of the superimposed layers are offset from one another in such a way that, if possible, a gas hood 7 of an upper layer is located above the intermediate space between two or more gas hoods 7 of a layer arranged underneath.
• the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4 shows a layer of gas hoods 7 and a plurality of layers of subjacent guide elements 8 underneath. These guide elements 8 run obliquely and direct the gas bubbles to the gas hoods 7.
• Figures 5 and 6 each show an upper two-phase separator 6, over which the overflow with the outlet 3 for the purified wastewater 1 is located.
• Lamellae of a lamella separator formed, which are to separate the solids from the water.
• This separator extends in FIG. 5 over the entire reactor cross section and in FIG. 6 only over a central part of the reactor cross section.
• a gas discharge element 10 is located below the guide elements 9 in the form of a horizontal plate extending over the entire lamella separator.
• This Gasableitelement 10 leads ascending gas here in the edge regions of the reactor cross section through which a gas-tight gas collection chamber 15 is located.
• FIGS. 7 and 8 show an upper two-phase separating device 6 of another type.
• an outflow 16 leads from the upper part of the reactor into a separating vessel 12 in which the filling level lies substantially below the inlet of the outflow 16, the upper part of the separating vessel 12 with a gas discharge line 13 connected, the bottom part with a line 14 for recycling the biomass in the lower part of the reactor and between this biomass line 14 and the filling level is the outlet 3 for the purified water.
• the recirculation of the biomass via the biomass line 14 should be supported with conveying aids, such as here a pump.
• the gravity increases by the height of the fall it comes to the separation of biomass and water, which allows their separate derivation.
• the thereby separated gas migrates largely upwards and can be removed there.
• the geodetic height of the reactor is sufficient.
• the purified water is pumped through a sieve 11 of the drain 3, wherein the sieve 11 should retain light biomass.
• the screen 11 can be provided with cleaning devices which simultaneously generate necessary pulses to shear off the gas from the granulated biomass.
• the drive energy could also be generated by the available geodetics.

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• 2009
  • 2009-08-18 DE DE102009037953A patent/DE102009037953A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2010
  • 2010-07-12 EP EP10739876A patent/EP2467335A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-07-12 WO PCT/EP2010/059953 patent/WO2011020651A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2010-07-12 CN CN201080036598.XA patent/CN102471109B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2012
  • 2012-02-09 US US13/369,422 patent/US8663468B2/en active Active

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