EP2465192A2 - Système générateur asynchrone et éolienne à système générateur asynchrone - Google Patents

Système générateur asynchrone et éolienne à système générateur asynchrone

Info

Publication number
EP2465192A2
EP2465192A2 EP10742508A EP10742508A EP2465192A2 EP 2465192 A2 EP2465192 A2 EP 2465192A2 EP 10742508 A EP10742508 A EP 10742508A EP 10742508 A EP10742508 A EP 10742508A EP 2465192 A2 EP2465192 A2 EP 2465192A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
asynchronous generator
power
generator system
wind turbine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10742508A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Axel Rafoth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Suzlon Energy GmbH
Original Assignee
Suzlon Energy GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Suzlon Energy GmbH filed Critical Suzlon Energy GmbH
Publication of EP2465192A2 publication Critical patent/EP2465192A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/007—Control circuits for doubly fed generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • H02P9/102—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for limiting effects of transients
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7064—Application in combination with an electrical generator of the alternating current (A.C.) type
    • F05B2220/70644—Application in combination with an electrical generator of the alternating current (A.C.) type of the asynchronous type, i.e. induction type
    • F05B2220/70646—Double fed induction generators (DFIGs)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/85—Starting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an asynchronous generator system for a wind turbine and to a wind turbine with such a system and to the method for operating and starting such a wind turbine.
  • the asynchronous generator system is particularly simple and therefore designed to be cost-effective and able to absorb gusts of wind and associated speed increases.
  • Asynchronous generator systems usually have an asynchronous generator, which has a stator and a rotor rotatable relative thereto. It is possible that there is an internal, as well as an external runner with respect to the stator.
  • asynchronous generator systems which are so-called double-fed asynchronous generators (Doubly Fed Induction Generator DFIG).
  • DFIG Doubly Fed Induction Generator
  • both the windings of the stator, as well as the windings of the rotor are connected to a network which is to be supplied with power from the wind turbine.
  • These asynchronous generator systems are particularly advantageous in so-called over-synchronous operation, ie in an operation in which the rotor rotates faster than the subsequent induced magnetic field in the stator.
  • asynchronous generator systems have their own rotor circuit, which can adapt the power which is generated by the rotor in the over-synchronous operation to the network and to its network conditions via a frequency converter, ie a rectifier and a subsequent inverter.
  • the network is also fed from the rotor circuit.
  • a disadvantage of the known asynchronous generator systems is that in such embodiments, a very complex construction is necessary. In particular, a large number of electronic components are necessary in order to be able to connect the rotor, in particular its windings, to the network.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages.
  • an asynchronous generator system having the features of independent claim 1 and by a wind turbine having the features of independent claim 10.
  • the subject of the present invention is a method for operating a wind turbine having the features of independent claim 1 and a method for starting a wind turbine with the features of independent claim 12. Further embodiments result in particular from the subsequent claims to the respective independent claims.
  • An asynchronous generator system according to the invention for a wind turbine for generating electricity which is made available to a network, has an asynchronous generator with a stator and a rotor. It is irrelevant whether the rotor is arranged inside the stator or around it, whether it is an inner or an outer rotor. Furthermore, a stator connection is provided, which enables an electrical connection of windings of the stator to the network. This stator connection thus serves to electrically connect an asynchronous generator system according to the invention to the network.
  • This stator connection may be purely functional, for example by cables running away from the stature, but may also be structurally formed by mechanical contacts, in particular by plug-in contacts.
  • a rotor connection which connects the windings of the rotor with a power electronic system electrically conductive.
  • the power electronic system is a system electrically isolated from the network, which forms a separate circuit from the network of the rotor. This power electronic system can therefore also be referred to as a rotor circuit, or as an electrical rotor circuit, which can not feed power into the network.
  • the power-electronic system electrically isolated from the network has at least one converter which converts an alternating current generated in the rotor windings. This converter is dependent on the flow direction of the current through this inverter.
  • the inverter In over-synchronous operation, as in an operation in which current flows through the windings of the rotor, which is generated by the differential speed between rotor and induced magnetic field in the stator, the inverter functions as a rectifier which receives and rectifies the alternating current from the windings of the rotor , In the reverse operating direction, for example, in the sub-synchronous operation, ie in an operation in which the rotor, so its turns, power needed to support current flows in the reverse direction through the inverter and is therefore reversed from the DC side to the rotor side. The inverter thus acts as an inverter in this operating situation. - A -
  • At least one resistor is provided in the power electronic system, which is connected downstream of the converter with respect to the rotor connection.
  • the resistor is on the DC side of the drive. It can therefore be summarized that between rotor connector and inverter, the AC side of the power electronic system is present, while seen on the opposite side of the rotor terminal from the inverter from the DC side is present. In this DC side, a resistor is arranged, via the current which is generated in the synchronous operation of the windings of the rotor flows.
  • a direct network coupling is preferably provided at the stator connection, so that an influence on the changes made in the wind gusty case can not be carried out on the power generated.
  • a gust of wind would thus lead to fluctuations in the generated power, in particular of the generated current flow, which do not correspond to the prescribed grid conditions.
  • such a system would not be allowed to be connected to a network.
  • the profitability of such a system would no longer exist.
  • the gusts of wind can be buffered by the present invention in the case of such a gust of increasing the speed of the rotor of the wind turbine and thus the speed of the rotor of the asynchronous generator characterized in that the generated current is rectified through the inverter and electrically isolated in the power electronic system from the network over the Resistance is running.
  • the resistor creates a resistance to current flow on the DC side of the inverter, which in turn results in resistance to current flow on the AC side of the rotor.
  • the electrical resistance increases against the increased speed of the rotor, whereby the rotor is decelerated.
  • the additionally generated energy is converted into heat, especially at the resistor, and thus buffered.
  • the power electronic system has no electrical connection to the network.
  • the rotor circuit is electrically isolated from the mains.
  • Such an electrical separation is in particular a complete electrical insulation, in which there are no indirect, for example, made of transformers, connections to the network.
  • the resistance in the power electronic system is advantageously switchable.
  • This switchability is in the simplest sense an on and off of a resistor.
  • a large number of resistors can generate the desired or the required resistance value by selectively switching on a specific number of resistors for corresponding wind gusts, that is to say the corresponding over-synchronous operation.
  • stator terminal and rotor terminal is in particular an electrical connection to understand how it is necessary in a corresponding situation.
  • This can be, for example, a three-phase connection at the stator connection, which is connected in star or delta connection.
  • this can also be a three-phase or a two-phase connection, which directs the AC of the rotor, in particular of its windings, to the inverter.
  • the DC connection on the DC side of the converter is accordingly advantageously designed as a two-phase connection.
  • the resistance in a power electronic system according to the invention can be designed differently. It may be an ohmic resistance, an inductive resistance or a capacitive resistance.
  • the at least one resistor is a variable resistor whose resistance value is variable.
  • the resistance value usually indicated by the unit ohm [ ⁇ ], is variable in particular from zero to a maximum value.
  • the variability can be done stepwise or substantially continuously.
  • a stepwise variability of a single resistor can also be achieved by the connection of a plurality of resistors, in particular their parallel connection and separate switch-on and switch-off.
  • the variability of the resistance means that a more specific reaction of the power electronic system to the corresponding gust of wind can take place. The bigger the gust of wind, the stronger it gets the acceleration of the rotor blades and accordingly the higher the speed of the rotor in the asynchronous generator.
  • the performance will increase accordingly strong depending on the strength of the wind gust internal windings of the rotor.
  • the dissipated via the resistor, so destroyed additional power of the rotor adapts automatically or selectively controlled, or regulated to the corresponding strength of the gust of wind.
  • the flexibility of such equipped asynchronous generator system thus increases.
  • DC voltage measuring device which is designed such that thus the DC converter connected downstream of the DC voltage can be measured.
  • a DC voltage measuring device serves to measure the resulting voltage at the outputs of the inverter on the DC side.
  • This voltage is in direct correlation with the corresponding current, or with the generated power in the windings of the rotor. So increases the power generated, or increases the speed of the rotor and thus the Mattersynchroniztician the rotor in the asynchronous generator, so the measured voltage in the DC circuit, so the measured DC voltage after the inverter will increase.
  • the DC voltage measuring device thus serves to determine a value which directly reproduces the voltage on the DC side of the converter, and indirectly contains information about the synchronicity, or the strength of the over-synchronism of the rotor of the asynchronous generator. Such information can be forwarded in particular to a control device and be used either to control or regulation or even only to display this information, or the situation. In particular, this is useful when a variable resistor, as has been explained above, is used.
  • the above-determined DC value on the DC side of the inverter can be used to control the control of the variation of the resistance value of the variable resistor of the power electronic system.
  • a resistance control device which is designed such that the DC voltage measured by the DC voltage measuring device can be evaluated.
  • the resistance of the at least one resistor is varied.
  • the resistance value can also be varied by a sum of resistors, which are in particular connected in parallel.
  • the incoming value of the DC voltage represents a statement of the over-synchronism of the rotor in the asynchronous generator, while the output value of the resistance value includes the corresponding buffering of the power generated thereby in the rotor circuit.
  • the regulation thus takes place to buffer rapid gusts of wind without the need for pitching the rotor blades of a wind turbine.
  • At least one DC current source is provided downstream of the converter with respect to the rotor terminal.
  • These DC power source can power the rotor via the inverter.
  • power is supplied from the DC side of the inverter to the AC side, ie in the direction of the rotor or rotor terminal.
  • the inverter works as an inverter.
  • Such a situation will occur, in particular, when the rotor of the asynchronous generator is in undersynchronous operation. In such a case, the rotor thus runs slower than the corresponding electrically induced magnetic field on the stator side of the asynchronous generator.
  • the DC power source thus supports the same in particular in the sub-synchronous operation of the rotor.
  • the DC power source can also be used for starting the asynchronous generator system.
  • this field excitation can be ensured without removing reactive power from the grid. In this way power is provided via the DC power source, which is sufficient to excite the field in the asynchronous generator.
  • the asynchronous generator is connected to the network. Until then, any support of the rotor as well as the stator in particular the necessary field excitation can be fed from the DC power source. In comparison to known wind turbines can thus be dispensed with additional electronic components, in particular a soft starter for the asynchronous generator. The startup process and the necessary components are thus simpler and thus more cost-effective compared to the known systems. It may be advantageous if, in the case of an asynchronous generator system according to the invention, the DC current source is a direct current storage.
  • the storage of direct current can be done in different ways. So it is possible that a classic battery, such as a lithium-ion battery is provided. Also, the provision of capacitive storage, so for example in the form of capacitors, is conceivable for the DC storage.
  • the DC power source in the form of a DC storage has the advantage that the isolation of the network is made even easier. While other sources of current may be necessary with a DC power source, DC storage provides easy separation of additional storage networks.
  • the DC power source can be charged independently of the mains in the form of a DC storage.
  • the charging is thus the same as the formation of the power electronic system completely isolated, so separated from the grid.
  • the charging can take place, for example, directly by the energy generated by the rotor.
  • additional power is fed into the rotor circuit in over-synchronous operation by the rotor. This is converted in the form of power via the inverter, so that a current flow is generated on the DC side of the inverter. This can be used to charge the battery.
  • this embodiment has the further advantage that in over-synchronous operation, not all power is destroyed exclusively via the resistors, but in some cases, in particular until the complete state of charge of the battery is stored in it.
  • Charging via separate means, such as photovoltaic, so small solar panel is conceivable in the context of the present invention.
  • the combination of renewable energies, so arranging solar panel, for example, on the pulpit of a wind turbine for charging the battery can be advantageous. It is essential that at all Embodiments the independence of the rotor circuit from the network, so its electrical insulation is maintained.
  • At least one of the electronic components arranged downstream of the rotor connection is integrated in the rotor.
  • embodiments which do not have a DC power source, that is to say in particular have no battery, are advantageously provided here.
  • the big advantage of such an integration is that electrical contacting of the rotating rotor with non-rotating components, ie the non-rotating electrical components, can be dispensed with via then-required slip rings.
  • the absence of slip rings has the advantage that the freedom from maintenance, or the low maintenance of such asynchronous generator system increases significantly.
  • a frequency measuring device is provided between the converter and the rotor terminal, which is connected in terms of control technology with a pulse width modulator which can predefine pulse widths to the converter.
  • a pulse width modulator which can predefine pulse widths to the converter.
  • the corresponding AC frequency is measured on the AC side of the inverter.
  • Another object of the present invention is a wind turbine with an asynchronous generator system according to the invention, and a rotor which is coupled in a torque-locking manner to the rotor of the asynchronous generator.
  • the stator of the asynchronous generator is rotatably mounted in the wind turbine with respect to the rotor of the asynchronous generator.
  • the rotor of the wind turbine in this case has a plurality of rotor blades, which are arranged around a common rotor axis, and serve as an attack surface for the wind.
  • the individual rotor blades set the entire rotor about its bearing axis and thus also the rotor shaft in rotation.
  • the torque-locking coupling of the rotor shaft of the rotor, so the rotor with the rotor of the asynchronous generator can be done both directly and indirectly.
  • indirect couplings are preferred, as in this way, it is possible to use transmissions which can perform a speed modulation between the rotational speed of the rotor and the desired rotational speed of the rotor.
  • Such transmissions can be both switchable, so be variable, but also be solid gear.
  • Another object of the present invention is a method for the operation of a wind turbine as described above.
  • a wind turbine as described above.
  • Wind turbine to support the grid by feeding reactive power can be done, for example, by additional capacitor banks, in particular small capacitor banks, performing such reactive power support on the stator side, ie in the region of the stator terminal of the stator of the asynchronous generator.
  • additional capacitor banks in particular small capacitor banks, performing such reactive power support on the stator side, ie in the region of the stator terminal of the stator of the asynchronous generator.
  • Another object of the present invention is a method for starting a wind turbine according to the present invention.
  • the at least one resistor connected to limit the current.
  • the connection of the windings of the stator is carried out via the stator to the mains.
  • the resistance can be reduced again.
  • the speed of the rotor can be influenced within limits.
  • the state of the over-synchronism can be influenced in this way.
  • the invention relates to an asynchronous generator system for variable speed operation and controlled power output of a wind turbine.
  • asynchronous generators are known, which are hitherto preferably used as directly grid-coupled asynchronous generators and as doubly fed asynchronous generators (DFIG).
  • DFIG doubly fed asynchronous generators
  • a known solution in particular for asynchronous machines, is a concept in which a variable resistance in the rotor circuit of the generator allows a short-term speed increase or decrease.
  • Full speed variability one Asynchronous machine is achieved with a double-fed asynchronous generators (DFIG), the rotor is connected via a DC circuit and two inverters to the supply network.
  • DFIG double-fed asynchronous generators
  • the rotor is connected via a DC circuit and two inverters to the supply network.
  • the present invention is intended to avoid the known from the prior art disadvantages of asynchronous generators in wind turbines, and, in particular the systems according to the o. Further develop type DFIG and the concept described above advantageous.
  • One of the essential objectives of the invention is to regulate the active and reactive power fed into the network and u. a to achieve increased variability of the rotor speed.
  • a possible embodiment of the invention therefore provides an asynchronous generator system with a rotor and a rotor surrounding the rotor, wherein in addition a power electronic system is provided in the rotor circuit such that a variable resistance, in particular ohmic, inductive and / or capacitive nature is mapped therein.
  • the power electronic system which can function as a converter, can be designed as an IGBT bridge (1), as shown in FIG. 1, which has a DC voltage circuit (2) and a chopper.
  • the IGBT bridge (1) advantageously replaces the diode circuits previously used in similar generator systems.
  • An essential point of the invention is that a power generation takes place only in over-synchronous operation, the generator operation. This allows the possible speed range on the slip and thus the power factor of
  • the feed of the losses can be made by the reactive power compensation from the excess rotor energy.
  • Another advantage for the generator system according to the invention is to mention that it enables the circuit according to the invention to realize a switch-on by a synchronization process in a way that corresponds to a synchronous generator. This ensures a gentle connection of the system to the mains. It also eliminates the soft starters commonly used and the associated bypass contactor.
  • the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing figures.
  • the terms “left”, “right”, “top” and “bottom” used in this case refer to an orientation of the figures with normally readable reference numerals. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 The circuit diagram of an embodiment of an inventive
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a wind turbine according to the invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram in the case of buffering a gust of wind
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of an asynchronous generator system 10 according to the invention.
  • an asynchronous generator 20 is provided which has a stator 30 and a rotor 40.
  • a three-phase stator terminal 32 is provided on the stator side of the stator 30, a three-phase stator terminal 32 is provided.
  • This stator terminal 32 is used to connect the stator 30 to the network 200.
  • all three phases are connected to a small capacitor bank via three resistors, so that in the case of a network fluctuation, ie a sagging of the mains voltage, for example in LVRT FaII (Low voltage ride through), the network can be supported out of this capacitor.
  • a rotor terminal 42 On the rotor side of the asynchronous generator 20 is a rotor terminal 42, also provided three-phase.
  • the three phases of the rotor terminal 42 are connected to a converter 52 which is designed as a so-called IGBT bridge (Insulated-gate bipolar transistor).
  • IGBT bridge Insulated-gate bipolar transistor
  • a frequency measuring device 62 is provided between the rotor connection 42 and the converter 52.
  • This frequency measuring device 62 is connected to a pulse width modulator 64 via a control unit.
  • This pulse width modulator 64 in turn can send pulse signals to the inverter 52, so that this in the inverter operation, ie in an operation in which power the rotor 40 for It must be made available, the corresponding pulse width and thus the corresponding frequency of the generated alternating current can be modulated.
  • This operation is particularly present when the also provided in the DC circuit to the right of the inverter 52 power source 60 is used.
  • the DC power source 60 is embodied in the present embodiment either as a capacitor or as a battery.
  • the rotor circuit that is to say in particular the basic correlation of rotor connection 42, frequency measuring device 62, converter 52 and resistors 54 and battery, ie direct current source 60, is a self-contained current system, which in particular is mains 200 is completely electrically isolated. By this electrical insulation, it is possible to run the rotor circuit particularly simple, in particular to dispense with the otherwise necessary connection components to the network 200.
  • a DC voltage measuring device 56 is provided in the rotor circuit right of the inverter 52, ie in the DC side. This in turn is connected to a resistance control device 58, which can vary the variable resistors 54, or the one variable resistance of the two resistors 54 with respect to its resistance value via a signal connection. Since, as explained in detail, the DC voltage measured by the DC voltage measuring device 56 contains a statement about the over-synchronizing state of the rotor 40 of the asynchronous generator 20, the necessary power buffering by the resistor 54 and the resistance value thus required can be determined in this way. About the feedback of the measurement of the DC voltage with the setting of Variation of the resistor 54 thus a variable buffering of the power, depending on the corresponding Mattersynchronizmaschines Kunststoff of the rotor 40 in the asynchronous generator 20 is achieved.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a wind turbine 100 according to the invention.
  • the wind turbine 100 has a rotor 110, which is shown schematically.
  • the rotor shaft of the rotor 110 leads inside a pulpit of the wind turbine 100 in which the asynchronous generator system 10 of the present invention is disposed.
  • the asynchronous generator system 20 and the power electronic system 50 are shown schematically in the asynchronous generator system 10. The connection between these two has been made via the rotor connection 42 on the rotor 40.
  • the power electronic system 50 can be embodied, for example, in such a way as has been explained in the embodiment of FIG.
  • a stator terminal 32 is provided on the stator 30 of the asynchronous generator 20, which is connected via an electrically conductive connection to the network 200. Power is made available to the network via this electrically conductive connection, ie fed into it.
  • the power electronic system 50 is a system completely isolated from the network 200. This accumulation of electronic components in the electronic power system 50 is therefore separate from the network 200 and, accordingly, particularly simple and therefore inexpensive to carry out.
  • the mode of operation of a power electronic system 50 will be briefly explained.
  • the rotor power and thus indirectly also the rotor speed are shown in a diagram on the Y-axis.
  • On the X-axis a development of the rotor performance over time is shown.
  • the rotor performance is either greater or less than zero in the basic operation. If the power is greater than zero, ie power is generated in the rotor, this is the over-synchronous operation, ie an operation in which the rotor runs faster, that is, has a higher speed than is the case for the induced magnetic field in the stator. In this super-synchronous operation, power is generated in the rotor.
  • the rotor 110 of a wind turbine 100 encounters a gust of wind, not only does the rotor speed of the rotor 110 of the wind turbine 100 increase, but so does the rotational speed of the rotor 40 of the rotor coupled via a gearing Asynchronous generator 20.
  • the associated rotor power also increases, as can be seen in the right part along the time axis in Figure 3. The gust thus results in an increase in the rotor power and thus in an increase in the rotational speed, which in turn results in a reduction of the efficiency with respect to the power on the stator side of the asynchronous generator 20.
  • the resistor 54 is switched on at a certain increase of the rotor power, or the variation of the resistor 54 is adapted to the increase of the rotor power.
  • the rotor power is cut, as it were, by the destruction of the energy, for example via the heating of the resistors.
  • the actual course of the rotor performance in the case of the gust without resistance 54 is therefore shown in dashed lines in Figure 3, while the actual course through the capping extends substantially along a parallel to the time axis during the gust. If the gust is short enough, as is the case in the situation illustrated in FIG. 3, then no mechanical pitching or pitching of the rotor blades of the rotor 110 of the wind turbine 100 has to take place.
  • the generator system has one or more resistors 54 in the rotor circuit.
  • these can be designed as an ordinary load resistor with a controllable resistor, for example in the form of an IGBT component.
  • the or the Resistors 54 can - depending on the load - be variable in value and have among other things the task to dissipate a rotor-side performance.
  • the system according to the invention differs from systems from the prior art, which recirculate this system power to the network via a second converter connected to the network, in particular via a controllable inverter.
  • the circuit according to the invention has a battery 60.
  • the battery 60 has among other things the task to deliver power to the system 10, in particular for feeding the rotor 40 of the system with energy when the mains voltage should drop.
  • the battery 60 can also be designed so that it automatically charges when a corresponding supply voltage is provided, for example, by a connected to the battery 60 power source.
  • a control and control unit is also present, the corresponding signals of the generator 20, such as a frequency / speed, a measuring unit 62 which detects the current value of a rotor current and a power measurement unit for detecting a bill and reactive power component or power factor, processed as input variables and generates an output signal.
  • This output signal is fed to a connected pulse width modulator unit PWM 64 to Generate pulse signals.
  • PWM 64 pulse width modulator unit
  • the circuit according to the invention in the DC voltage circuit comprises a voltage measuring unit 56 and a measuring and control unit 58 for detecting and regulating a DC voltage in order to be able to regulate the resistor 54 in the rotor circuit.
  • the illustrated embodiment of the invention thus forms a feedback control system, which among other things makes it possible to regulate and adjust the reactive power according to the requirements of the operating behavior of the machine at variable loads which occur in particular in variable wind conditions in the vicinity of the wind turbine 100 can.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système générateur asynchrone pour éolienne, une éolienne comportant un tel système, et un procédé pour faire fonctionner et mettre en marche une telle éolienne. Le système générateur asynchrone selon l'invention est conçu de manière particulièrement simple et donc peu onéreuse, et pour supporter des rafales de vent et donc des augmentations de la vitesse de rotation.
EP10742508A 2009-08-14 2010-08-15 Système générateur asynchrone et éolienne à système générateur asynchrone Withdrawn EP2465192A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009037330 2009-08-14
PCT/EP2010/061863 WO2011018527A2 (fr) 2009-08-14 2010-08-15 Système générateur asynchrone et éolienne à système générateur asynchrone

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EP2465192A2 true EP2465192A2 (fr) 2012-06-20

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US (1) US20120139246A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2465192A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102668362A (fr)
AU (1) AU2010283722A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010039332A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011018527A2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201201866B (fr)

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EP2639449B1 (fr) * 2012-03-15 2016-01-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Commande de lacet électrique pour éolienne, éolienne et procédé pour faire fonctionner une éolienne
DE102012006259A1 (de) * 2012-03-29 2013-10-02 Repower Systems Se Chopperverstärkter Umrichter für Windenergieanlagen
US9577557B2 (en) * 2013-10-18 2017-02-21 Abb Schweiz Ag Turbine-generator system with DC output
US9614457B2 (en) 2013-10-18 2017-04-04 Abb Schweiz Ag Modular thyristor-based rectifier circuits
US9334749B2 (en) 2013-10-18 2016-05-10 Abb Technology Ag Auxiliary power system for turbine-based energy generation system
KR101575071B1 (ko) * 2013-12-02 2015-12-07 두산중공업 주식회사 풍력 발전 단지의 발전량 제어 방법
EP3076515B1 (fr) * 2015-03-31 2020-05-20 Vacon Oy Système d'alimentation en énergie électrique
WO2017053330A1 (fr) * 2015-09-22 2017-03-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Système générateur de fond de trou
DE102018114935A1 (de) 2018-06-21 2019-12-24 Wobben Properties Gmbh Leistungsreduzierter Betrieb einer Windenergieanlage
US10760547B2 (en) * 2018-12-18 2020-09-01 General Electric Company System and method for controlling voltage of a DC link of a power converter of an electrical power system
CN110868136B (zh) * 2019-11-05 2022-06-21 哈尔滨工程大学 一种综合利用太阳能和风能的发电装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2010283722A1 (en) 2012-04-05
DE102010039332A1 (de) 2011-03-17
CN102668362A (zh) 2012-09-12
US20120139246A1 (en) 2012-06-07
ZA201201866B (en) 2012-11-28
WO2011018527A3 (fr) 2012-05-31
WO2011018527A2 (fr) 2011-02-17

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